Enhancing System Stability with GFM (E-)STATCOMs: A Case Study of the DK2 2020 Incident in the Danish Power System

ENHANCING SYSTEM STABILITY WITH GFM (E-)STATCOMS: A Case Study of the DK2 2020 Incident in the Danish Power System Liang Lu, Yicheng Liao, Hong Gong, Jun Bum Kwon, Nan Qin (Energinet) Mats Larsson, Hongyang Zhang, Rasool Heydari (Hitachi Energy) 8th October 2025 Paper: WISO25-81 OUTLINE Background Study - Incident review - Incident mitigation with (E-)STATCOM - Comparison between STATCOM and E-STATCOM - Comparison between E-STATCOM and SynCon Conclusion & Future work BACKGROUND SYSTEM TRANSITION AND CHALLENGES 4 Solar Onshore wind Offshore wind System characteristic •Decarbonized •Decentralized •PEID-dominant •30 GW renewable energy integration by 2030 •88% renewable electricity production in 2024 ▪Reduced system strength ▪Oscillations ▪High RoCoF 3 Hz/s DEPLOYMENT OF GFM IN THE DANISH POWER SYSTEM GFM Deployment 5 Available to download: https://en.energinet.dk/about-our-reports/reports/towards-astable-and-sustainable-future-with-grid-forming-technologies/ •To know technological maturity •Collaboration with 10 OEMs and developers •EMT models of real GFM devices •Wind, PV, BESS, (E-)STACOMs •SMIB test •System-level EMT test IN THIS PAPER About the study 6 Grid support devices: STATCOM E-STATCOM E-STATCOM: STATCOM equipped with supercapacitors that enable temporary active power exchange. (E-)STATCOMs: Both STATCOM and E-STATCOM (E-)STATCOM: Either STATCOM or E-STATCOM. DK1 DK2 STUDY DK2 2020 incident + (E-)STATCOM INCIDENT REVIEW DK2 2020 INCIDENT REVIEW Chronology Zealand, Denmark 9 HKS BJS HVE ISH ASV SPA 220 KV (AC) 400 kV (AC) 132 KV (AC) HVDC SB KO 570 130 TEG 24 54 Fault 1 (12:22-23) : BJS_400_ISH trip Fault 2 (12:32-33) : BJS_400_HVE trip (+0 s) SynCon@BJS trip (+1 s) HVDC SB – blocking (+2 s) HVDC KO – manual control System separation (12:35) Decoupled in 400 kV net DK2 system recovered (20:05-35) Numbers are pre-incident active power flow (in MW) DK2 2020 INCIDENT MITIGATION -- 1.1 STATCOM (270 MVA) replacing SynCon@BJS (270 MVA) 16 SynCon@HKS STATCOM HVDC SB_PQ V_BJS_400 V (kV) P (MW), Q (Mvar) P (MW), Q (Mvar) P (MW), Q (Mvar) DK2 2020 INCIDENT MITIGATION -- 1.1 STATCOM (270 MVA) replacing SynCon@BJS Original case 17 100 Mvar STATCOM P (MW), Q (Mvar) P (MW), Q (Mvar) SynCon@BJS SynCon@HKS 350 Mvar P (MW), Q (Mvar) P (MW), Q (Mvar) 450 Mvar DK2 2020 INCIDENT MITIGATION Comparison of different mitigation methods 18 Minimum capacity (MVA) Replace SynCon@BJS (270 MVA) Replace SynCon@HKS (200 MVA) Add @BJS STATCOM 200 ~ 250 250 ~ 300 150 ~ 200 E -STATCOM 224 ~ 250 292 ~ 304 158 Advantage of both STATCOM and E-STATCOM in capacity for system stability, compared to SynCon! The minimum capacity needed for STATCOM or E-STATCOM are roughly the same. COMPARISON BETWEEN STATCOM & E-STATCOM COMPARISON BETWEEN STATCOM & E-STATCOM (E-)STATCOM (270 MVA) replacing SynCon@BJS (270 MVA) 20 (E-)STATCOM_P (E-)STATCOM_Q HVDC SB_P V_BJS_400 V (kV) Q (Mvar) P (MW) P (MW) E-STATCOM: Q=250 Mvar, P=100 MW, T=0.5 s COMPARISON BETWEEN E-STATCOM & SYNCON COMPARISON BETWEEN E-STATCOM & SYNCON 22 SynCon@BJS E-STATCOM SynCon@BJS E-STATCOM SynCon@BJS E-STATCOM DUT PoC At t = 3 s, a 100 ms single-phase-to-ground short circuit happens At t = 3.1 s, SCR at PoC is reduced from 10 to 3 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK Klik for at redigere teksttypografierne i masteren •Andet niveau •Tredje niveau •Fjerde niveau •Femte niveau CONCLUSION •More effective stabilizing capabilities from (E-)STATCOMs than SynCons in this study case, due to more desirable voltage control capability. •Improved damping capability from E-STATCOM than both STATCOM and SynCon. •Different GFM devices may exhibit distinct performance in their GFM capabilities. •Power-electronics-based GFM devices, such as (E-)STATCOMs, offer greater flexibility in parameter tuning through software control, enabling more effective and efficient adaptation to evolving system needs with little or no hardware redesign, compared to traditional synchronous-machine-based GFM devices. •To classify the family of GFM devices into different categories based on the expected GFM performance in their inherent GFM capabilities. •To quantify the system needs for GFM devices to accommodate the increasing share of inverter-based renewable generation. •To develop a comprehensive and concrete roadmap for the deployment of GFM technologies in the power system. FUTURE WORK THANK YOU [email protected] Paper: WISO25-81