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Modelling gravity-mode pulsators in the open cluster NGC 2516

Li, Gang; Mombarg, Joey; Guo, Zhao; Aerts, Conny

Abstract

Gravity-mode pulsators on the main sequence have demonstrated an extraordinary ability to reveal stellar near-core properties. However, seismic modelling of such targets heavily relies on stellar parameters, such as luminosity and temperature, which may contain unavoidable systematic deviations in the case of single stars. Therefore, we focus on g-mode pulsators in open clusters. Stars within the same open cluster share identical properties in terms of distance, metallicity, extinction, and age. The colour–magnitude diagram provides direct and reliable constraints not only on stellar parameters but also on age. Therefore, we expect that the synergy between asteroseismology and open clusters facilitates our seismic modelling. In this poster, we present our results on the simultaneous modelling of multiple g-mode pulsators in the young open cluster NGC 2516. We find that, even within the same cluster, fitting individual pulsators separately yields different ages. However, demanding that these pulsators share the same age and fitting them together, we obtain an asteroseismic cluster age of 132 ± 8 Myr. This seismic age makes the cluster older than its isochronal age (approximately 102 ± 10 Myr), which may result from differences in the adopted input physics. We also constrain other stellar parameters, and find that the masses derived from isochrones cannot reproduce the asteroseismic signals in some cases, a problem known as the ‘mass discrepancy’ occurring as well in binary research. Moreover, our asteroseismic constraints on internal mixing processes suggest that stars exhibit different levels of mixing, which strongly affects their evolution. Such diversity in internal mixing among cluster members has hardly been studied so far and introduces uncertainties in the stellar and cluster's evolution.

Full text

Gang Li with Joey Mombarg, Zhao Guo, Conny Aerts! KU Leuven & Uni Paris-Saclay [email protected] Modelling gravity-mode pulsators in the open cluster NGC 2516 •We conducted the first joint asteroseismic modelling of four gravity-mode pulsators in young open clusters. •The seismic age of NGC2516 is 132 8 Myr, which is more precise and deviates from the MIST isochrone age. •Our self-constructed asteroseismology-calibrated isochrone, based on self-consistent input physics, reproduces the seismic age. •We observe a small mass discrepancy for the most evolved gravity-mode pulsators in the cluster. ± Background figure credit: Jonathan Lodge Input physics: •MESA 1D rotating models with observed rotation rates, using asteroseismologycalibrated viscosity for the AM transport (Mombarg 2023, Li et al. 2024). •Differential-rotation-induced element mixing (Mombarg et al. 2024). •TAR frequencies computed with GYRE. Observational constraints: •Models limited to isochrone-based mass ranges and ages 300 Myr. •Fitting restricted to MIST-based and ranges (Li et al. 2024). Fitting method: •Fine grids in mass, overshoot, and envelope mixing. •We fitted individual g-mode periods or period spacings. •Model uncertainty from period variations within narrow parameter ranges. •Two approaches: (1) independent ages, (2) common age for all stars. Self-constructed isochrone: •Built using seismic rotation and overshoot, with self-consistent input physics. •Tested age sensitivity to input physics choices (e.g., overshoot, envelope mixing). ≤ Teff L Age measurements: •Individual fittings reveal age scatter ranging from ~100 to ~200 Myr. •Joint fitting yields a seismic age of 132 8 Myr, deviating by 1.5 from the MIST isochrone (102 15 Myr). •Self-constrained isochrone reveals 129 25 Myr, consistent with seismic age. •Gravity-mode age-dating is not sensitive for young stars at ~ , since varies little at the start of the main sequence. Internal mixing profiles: •We obtained strong constraints on overshooting, but not on envelope mixing. Mass discrepancy for the two most evolved highest-mass pulsators: •MIST masses: 2.11 and 1.95 . •Our own isochrone mass: 2.0 and 1.86 . •Seismic masses by : ~1.76 and 1.72 . ± σ ± ± 1.8 M⊙ Π0 M⊙ M⊙ Π0 M⊙ Takeaway messages Input physics and observational constraints Results Age measurements by different methods Overshooting for the four g-mode pulsators in NGC2516, compared with previous results of other stars. Reference Li, G., Aerts, C., Bedding, T. R., et al. 2024, A&A, 686, A142 Mombarg, J. S. G. 2023, A&A, 677, A63 Mombarg, J. S. G., Aerts, C., & Molenberghs, G. 2024, A&A, 685, A21 Best-fitting period spacings of TIC281582674. The colour bars show overshooting. Self-constructed isochrone. The golden crosses mark the g-mode pulsators.