An illustrated checklist of liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia

the journal of biodiversity data ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES 1000 Academic editor: Anna Luiza Ilkiu-Borges Received: 19 August 2024 Accepted: 14 April 2025 Published: 29 October 2025 Copyright © The authors. This is an open-access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0) Abstract. We present an illustrated checklist of the liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu, providing diagnostic features for each species. Our study recorded 80 species belonging to 28 genera and 10 families, representing 10% of 804 species and infraspecific taxa, 23% of 120 genera, and 25% of 40 families reported for the Malaysian liverwort flora. Key words. Bryophytes, Marchantiophyta, epiphyllous, epiphytes, Lejeuneaceae Sarimi MS, Hapizu NAL, Lee GE (2025) An illustrated checklist of liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Check List 21 (5): 1000–1046. https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 INTRODUCTION Malaysian forests are predominantly characterised by the evergreen rainforest, spanning from lowlands to the upper montane slopes. These diverse ecosystems support various plant formations, ranging from the simplest to the most complex. While these forests are generally inventoried for conservation and management purposes, the assessment of vascular plants in Malaysia is more comprehensive and well assessed in the Malaysian Information Biodiversity System (MYBIS) compared to non-vascular plants such as bryophytes. Malaysian liverworts, in particular, have been scarcely inventoried and inadequately reported in Malaysia due to the challenges in species identification (Lee et al. 2018, 2022). Although recent reports have documented the liverwort flora of Terengganu (Pesiu et al. 2021; Sarimi et al. 2021; Atiqah et al. 2022), the lack of a reliable identification tool, such as a well-illustrated and up-to-date guidebook, has hindered the study. Therefore, we aim to provide an illustrated checklist of the liverworts of Mount Tebu, complete with diagnostic characteristics to facilitate species identification. This comprehensive guide is intended not only to enhance the understanding of the liverwort diversity on Mount Tebu but also to serve as a valuable resource for identifying numerous liverwort species across Malaysia. STUDY AREA This study is based on intensive liverwort explorations from April 2019 to November 2021 in Terengganu, focusing on Mount Tebu Forest Reserve (at centre: 05.5914°N, 102.6122°E) in the Besut district, Malaysia. The highest peak is 1039 m above sea level, with the Lata Belatan Recreational Forest at its base. The shaded foot of the mountain, with riparian forests and a canopy cover ranging from 40–100 m, provides ideal conditions for liverworts. METHODS Liverwort samples were collected opportunistically from various microhabitats while freely walking along trails; microhabitats included tree trunks, branches, rocks, soil, fallen logs, rotten wood, and leaves. Many liverwort species, particularly epiphyllous ones, often grew closely intermingled on the same substrate, making it difficult to separate them in the field. As a result, mixed-species samples were collected together under a single collection number. All specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMTP). 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 21 (5): 1000–1046 An illustrated checklist of liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia Muhammad Syafiq Sarimi1, Nur Afiqah Liyana Hapizu2, Gaik Ee Lee3 1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 FGV Holdings Berhad, Wisma FGV, Jalan Raja Laut, 50350 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia Corresponding author: Gaik Ee Lee ([email protected]) Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1001 Initial examinations were conducted with an Olympus SZ51 stereomicroscope under dry and wet conditions. Detailed morphological characteristics were studied using a Leica DM1000 microscope, and illustrations were created with the same microscope, equipped with a drawing tube (camera lucida). The identification of genera and species using identification keys was based on references including Mizutani (1970), Lee (2013), Zhu and So (2001), and Lee and Gradstein (2021). RESULTS Approximately 500 liverwort specimens were collected from Mount Tebu, which yielded 80 species belonging to 28 genera and 10 families. Of these, Lejeuneaceae is the largest family with 54 species, followed by Lepidoziaceae with eight species, while Calypogeiaceae, Pallaviciniaceae, Solenostomaceae, and Schistochilaceae each comprised only one species. The genus Cololejeunea (Spruce) Steph. recorded the most species (n = 17), followed by Radula Dumort. (n = 7). The liverwort species are listed alphabetically, with brief characteristics provided for each. Asperifolia arguta (Nees & Mont.) A.V.Troitsky, Bakalin & Maltseva Bakalin et al. (2020: figs. 2F, 3J) Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1918. Identification. This species is characterized by 1) contiguous to distant, plane leaves with shallowly bifid apex, 2) leaf margins entire, 3) leaf cells with minute trigones, 4) underleaves distant, small and bifid. Frullania apiculata (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Nees Figure 1 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 19198. Identification. This species is recognized by 1) leaves imbricate, widely spreading, plane, ovate in shape, 2) leaf margins entire, 3) leaf apices apiculate, 4) leaf cells with small trigones (but large and nodulose at basal cells), ocelli lacking, 5) lobules saccate with uniseriate stylus, usually 3–4 cells long, 6) underleaves distant, ovate with bifid apices. Figure 1. Frullania apiculata. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Sac-like lobule. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 19198. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1002 Figure 2. Frullania gracilis. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Sac-like lobule. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1917. Frullania gracilis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Nees Figure 2 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1917. Identification. The distinctive characters of this species include 1) leaves imbricate, widely spreading, plane, suborbicular, 2) leaf margins entire, 3) leaf apices rounded, 4) leaf cells with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings, 5) the presence of ocelli at base of the leaves, usually with 3–10 reddish cells, 6) lobules saccate with uniseriate stylus, usually 3–5 cells long, 7) underleaves distant, suborbicular (wider than long) with bifid apices. Frullania trichodes Mitt. Figure 3 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 19155. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) leaves ovate, imbricate, 2) leaf apices apiculate, 3) leaf cells with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings (except at basal), 4) the presence of ocelli at the leaf base, usually with 2-9 reddish cells, 5) lobules saccate with uniseriate stylus, usually 2–3 cells long, 6) underleaves distant, ovate to lanceolate (longer than wide) with bifid apices. Caudalejeunea reniloba (Gottsche) Steph. Figure 4 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1903. Identification. This species is recognized by 1) leaves ovate-oblong, imbricate, 2) leaf margins entire to dentate (entire at ventral), 3) leaf cells with large cordate trigones and regularly developed intermediate thickenings, 4) lobules oblong, strongly inrolled with 2–4 teeth, 5) underleaves distant to imbricate with retuse (shallowly bifid) apices, 6) perianth obovate, 3–5 keels, usually with few short cilia. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1003 Figure 3. Frullania trichodes. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Sac-like lobule. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 19155. Figure 4. Caudalejeunea reniloba. A. Portion of shoot. B. Circinate branch. C. Leaf lobes. D. Underleaves. E. Leaf lobule. F. Apical cells of leaf lobe. G. Median cells of leaf lobe. H. Stem cross section. I. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1903. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1004 Figure 5. Ceratolejeunea minor. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe with two distinct ocelli. All drawn from E. Pesiu et al. 19157. Figure 6. Ceratolejeunea singapurensis. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe with three distinct ocelli. All drawn from G.E. Lee et al. 19012. Ceratolejeunea minor Mizut. Figure 5 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; E. Pesiu et al.; UMTP 19157. Identification. This species is distinguished by 1) leaves ovate, closely imbricate, widely spreading with rounded apices, 2) leaf margins entire, 3) leaf cells with small trigones and indistinct intermediate thickenings, 4) the presence of (1–) 2(–3) suprabasal ocelli (frequently in pair), 5) underleaves bifid, distant. The Terengganu specimens resemble the Chinese material (Zhu et al. 2005) in having entire margins on the underleaf lobes and lacking weak Allorgella-type denticulations along the margins of the leaf lobes. In contrast, the type from Sabah has 1–2 marginal teeth on the underleaf lobes, and the margin denticulation is distinct (Mizutani 1981). Ceratolejeunea singapurensis (Lindenb.) Schiffn. Figure 6 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 100 m; 16.IV.2019; G.E. Lee et al. leg.; UMTP 19012. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1005 Identification. The distinctive characters of this species include 1) autoicous plants, 2) leaves with rounded apices and entire margins, 3) leaf cells with small to somewhat large trigones, 4) the presence of 1–6 suprabasal ocelli, 5) underleaves orbicular, distant, bifid with entire margins. Cheilolejeunea ceylanica (Gottsche) R.M.Schust. & Kachroo Figure 7 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1923. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) leaves oblong-ovate, imbricate with entire margins, 2) leaf cells with trigones and distinct vitta, 3) lobules large, rectangular with two teeth (first one obsolete, second one uniseriate, long and curved), 4) underleaves suborbicular, distant with bifid apices. Cheilolejeunea trapezia (Nees) R.M.Schust. & Kachroo Figure 8 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1904. Identification. The diagnostic feature of this species includes 1) leaves ovate, imbricate with entire margins, 2) ventral merophytes of stem four cells wide, 3) leaf cells with large trigones and indistinct intermediate thickenings, 4) lobules large, oblong to rectangular with two teeth (first one obsolete, second one long, curved, uniseriate), 5) underleaves suborbicular, contiguous to distant with bifid apices, 6) perianth obovate with four keels. Cheilolejeunea trifaria (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mizut. Zhu and So (2001: fig. 44) Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.90′N, 102° 35.75′E; alt. 200 m; 14.XI.2021; C.W. Koid & S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 21057. Identification. This species is distinguished by 1) its autoicy, 2) the yellowish-green colour of the plants when fresh with irregularly branched shoot, 3) leaves orbicular and imbricate, 4) leaf cells with large trigones and indistinct intermediate thickenings, 5) leaf cuticle mammillose, 6) perianth obovate with five smooth keels. Figure 7. Cheilolejeunea ceylanica. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1923. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1006 Figure 8. Cheilolejeunea trapezia. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apex of leaf lobule with hyaline papilla. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe. H. Stem cross sections. I. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1904. Figure 9. Cololejeunea aequabilis. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla in the inner surface of the first tooth base and stylus at the end of the dorsal base. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Basal cells of leaf lobe. G. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 19158. Cololejeunea aequabilis (Sande Lac.) Schiffn. Figure 9 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 19158. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) leaves obovate and imbricate, 2) leaf margins indistinctly denticulate, 3) leaf cells with small trigones and indistinct intermediate thickenings, 4) leaf lobules with two Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1007 teeth at apex, first one blunt, two cells long, second one acute, 1–3 cells long, 5) the unicellular stylus, 6) perianth obcordate, flattened with two large, ear-like wings at apex. Cololejeunea appressa (A.Evans) Benedix Figure 10 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 100 m; 16.IV.2019; G.E. Lee et al. leg.; UMTP 19011. Identification. This liverwort is identified by 1) leaves ovate and imbricate, 2) leaf margins entire, 3) leaf cells mammillose with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings, 4) the presence of vitta, consisting of 3–4 ocelli in a single row, 5) leaf lobules with two teeth at the apex, first tooth two cells long, second one unicellular, 6) the unicellular stylus. Cololejeunea equialbi Tixier Figure 11 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.81′N, 102° 36.38′E; alt. 940 m; 19.IV.2019; E. Pesiu et al. leg.; UMTP 1955. Figure 10. Cololejeunea appressa. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes with vittae. C. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex and stylus at the end of the dorsal base. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Basal cells of leaf lobe forming vitta. All drawn from G.E. Lee et al. 19011. Figure 11. Cololejeunea equialbi. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex and stylus at the end of the dorsal base. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from E. Pesiu et al. 1955. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1008 Identification. This species is known by 1) leaves elliptical and imbricate, 2) leaf margins entire to weakly denticulate of Allorgella-type margin, 3) leaf cells with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings, 4) the small, ovate, inflated lobules with two teeth at apex; first tooth blunt, unicellular, second one obsolete. Cololejeunea falcata (Horik.) Benedix Figure 12 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 19219. Identification. This liverwort is characterised by 1) leaves falcate and imbricate, widely spreading, 2) leaf margins entire, 3) leaf apices rounded, 4) leaf cells with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings, 5) the presence of vitta, consisting of 4–6 ocelli in 1–3 rows, 6) the ovate, inflated lobules with two teeth; both teeth two cells long, 7) the unicellular stylus. Cololejeunea floccosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. Figure 13 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1928. Identification. This liverwort is easily recognised by 1) the imbricate, widely spreading, ovate leaves, 2) the entire leaf margins, 3) the leaf cells with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings (except at basal), 4) the presence of vitta, consisting of 5–7 ocelli in 1–3 rows, 5) the small ovate, inflated lobule with one tooth, 2-celled long, always curved, 6) the obovate, compressed perianth with 3–4 keels. Cololejeunea inflata Steph. Figure 14 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.42′N, 102° 35.93′E; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1971. Identification. This liverwort is identified by 1) the imbricate, widely spreading, ovate leaves, 2) the rectangular leaf apices, 3) the basal cells with small trigones and without intermediate thickenings (except at Figure 12. Cololejeunea falcata. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes with vittae. C. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex and stylus at the end of the dorsal base. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Basal cells of leaf lobe forming vitta. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 19219. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1015 weakly papillose due to projection of stellate papillae of leaf cuticle, 3) leaf cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 4) the ovate, inflated lobules with two teeth, first tooth strongly curved, 2-celled long and second one obsolete, stylus absent, 5) obovate perianth with four papillate keels. Cololejeunea wightii Steph. Figure 24 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1915. Identification. This liverwort is known by 1) the distant to contiguous, ovate leaves, 2) leaf apex acuminate, 3) leaf cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones frequently small, 4) the ovate, inflated lobule with two teeth, first tooth blunt, unicellular, second one obsolete, stylus absent. Colura acroloba (Prantl) Jovet-Ast Figure 25 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1903. Identification. This liverwort is identified by 1) the distant to contiguous, obovate leaves, 2) leaf margin Figure 23. Cololejeunea verrucosa. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Basal cells of leaf lobe. G. Stem cross section. H. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1902. Figure 24. Cololejeunea wightii. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1915. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1016 entire and rounded apices, 3) leaf cells with well-developed intermediate thickenings and trigones, 4) the cylindrical, inflated lobules with round sac at the tip, 5) the distantly arranged underleaves with deeply, lanceolate bilobed, sinus wide, 6) the obovate perianth with 3-winged keels. Colura ari (Steph.) Steph. Figure 26 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 100 m; 16.IV.2019; G.E. Lee et al. leg.; UMTP 19020. Identification. This liverwort is characterised by 1) the contiguous to imbricate, subtriangular to obovate leaves, 2) the serrulate leaf margins, 3) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings and trigones, 4) the narrow cylindrical, inflated, lobule with subtriangular sac at apex, acute with 1–2 denticulations, 5) the distantly arranged underleaves with deeply, lanceolate bilobed, sinus wide. Colura conica (Sande Lac.) K.I.Goebel Figure 27 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1906. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) the obovate to subtriangular leaves, 2) the serrulate leaf Figure 25. Colura acroloba. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaf. D. Sac-like lobule. E. Stem cross sections. F. Apical cells of leaf lobe. G. Median cells of leaf lobe. H. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1903. Figure 26. Colura ari. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaf. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Apical teeth of sac-like lobule. All drawn from G.E. Lee et al. 19020. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1017 margins, 3) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings and trigones, 4) the narrow cylindrical lobules with subtriangular sac at the apex and acutely pointed tooth, 5) the distantly arranged underleaves with deeply, lanceolate bilobed, sinus wide. Colura corynophora (Nees, Lindenb. & Gottsche) Trevis. Figure 28 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1907. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) the distant to contiguous, obovate, dimorphic leaves (with and without sac at apex), 2) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings and trigones, 3) the narrow Figure 27. Colura conica. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Androecium. D. Underleaf. E. Stem cross section. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Apical cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1906. Figure 28. Colura corynophora. A. Portion of shoot. B. Portion of male shoot with androecia. C. Leaf lobes without sac-like lobule. D. Underleaves. E. Leaf lobes with sac-like lobule. F. Gynoecium. G. Apical cells of leaf lobe. H. Median cells of leaf lobe. I. Stem cross section. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1907. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1018 cylindrical lobules with rounded sac (sometimes strongly reduced), 4) the distantly arranged underleaves with deeply, lanceolate bilobed, sinus wide, 5) the obovate perianth with 3-winged keels, margin entire to faintly crenulate. Colura inuii Horik. Figure 29 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 80 m; 16.IV.2019; G.E. Lee et al. leg.; UMTP 19019. Identification. This liverwort is identified by 1) the contiguous to imbricate, elliptical to obovate leaves, 2) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings and trigones, 3) the narrow cylindrical lobules with inflated subacute or round sac, 4) the distantly arranged underleaves with deeply, lanceolate bilobed, sinus wide, entire to faintly denticulate margin. Drepanolejeunea dactylophora (Nees, Lindenb. & Gottsche) J.B.Jack & Steph. Figure 30 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1903. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) the distant, asymmetrical, ovate leaves, 2) the densely toothed margins, 3) leaf cells with intermediate thickenings and trigones, 4) the presence of ocelli, 1–3 cells in a single non-continuous line, 5) the ovate lobules (sometimes reduced) with constricted apices often with curved first tooth, 6) the distantly arranged, obcuneate underleaves, with deep, linearly bilobed, margin entire. Drepanolejeunea levicornua Steph. Zhu and So (2001: fig. 73) Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. 800 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1957. Identification. This liverwort is easily distinguished by 1) the imbricate, widely spreading, ovate leaves, 2) leaf margins dentate, 3) leaf cells with intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 4) the presence of only one suprabasal ocellus, 5) the oblong, inflated lobules with obliquely truncate apices, often with one short, rectangular apical tooth, 6) the distantly arranged, obcuneate underleaves with linearly bilobed towards base, margin entire. Figure 29. Colura inuii. A. Portion of female shoot with gynoecium. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaf. D. Stem cross section. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from G.E. Lee et al. 19019. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1019 Figure 30. Drepanolejeunea dactylophora. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Stem cross sections. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1903. Figure 31. Drepanolejeunea longicornua. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes with ocelli. C. Underleaf. D. Leaf lobule. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe with two ocelli. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 19153. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1020 Drepanolejeunea longicornua (Herzog) Mizut. Figure 31 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 19153. Identification. This liverwort is known by 1) the imbricate, widely spreading, ovate leaves, 2) leaf margins dentate, 2) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings and trigones, 3) the presence of ocelli, often less than 10 scattered cells, 4) the oblong, regularly inflated lobules with obliquely truncate apex, often with one rectangular apical tooth, 5) the distantly arranged, obcuneate underleaves with linearly bilobed towards base, wide horizontally spreading, margin entire. Drepanolejeunea pentadactyla (Mont.) Steph. Figure 32 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1912. Identification. This liverwort is characterised by 1) the distant, obliquely spreading, ovate leaves, 2) leaf margins toothed, 3) leaf cells with small trigones and infrequent intermediate thickenings, 4) the presence of two ocelli in a single non-continuous line, 5) the oblong, strongly inflated lobules (sometimes reduced) with constricted apices, usually with one curved tooth, 6) the distantly arranged, obcuneate underleaves with deep, linearly bilobed towards its base, margin entire. Drepanolejeunea spicata (Steph.) Grolle & R.L.Zhu Figure 33 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1906. Identification. This liverwort is characterised by 1) the imbricate, widely spreading, slightly falcate, ovate leaves, 2) leaf cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) the presence of two moniliate basal ocelli, 4) the oblong, ovate lobules with one falcate tooth, 5) the distantly arranged underleaves with linearly bilobed towards the base, wide horizontally spreading, margin entire, 6) the obovate perianths with five long horns horizontally spreading at apex. Drepanolejeunea ternatensis (Gottsche) Schiffn. Figure 34 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. >1000 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1968. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) the distant (sometimes imbricate), obliquely spreading, narrowly ovate to falcate leaves, 2) the crenulate to slightly denticulate margins, 3) leaf cells frequently with Figure 32. Drepanolejeunea pentadactyla. A. Portion of plant. B. Portion of shoot. C. Leaf lobes with ocelli. D. Underleaves. E. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1912. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1021 Figure 33. Drepanolejeunea spicata. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes with ocelli. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe with two distinct ocelli. H. Stem cross-section. I. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1906. Figure 34. Drepanolejeunea ternatensis. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1968. intermediate thickenings and trigones small to large, 4) the presence of basal ocelli, 0–2 cells, 5) the ovate, inflated lobules with one acute apical tooth, 6) the distantly arranged underleaves, bilobed towards base, margin entire. Drepanolejeunea thwaitesiana (Mitt.) Steph. Figure 35 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1928. Identification. This liverwort is distinguished by 1) the imbricate, widely spreading, ovate, falcate leaves, 2) leaf margins slightly dentate, 3) leaf cells (larger towards basal) with indistinct intermediate thickenings Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1022 and small trigones, 4) the presence of scattered ocelli, 10–30 with 1–3 suprabasal one, 5) the oblong, inflated lobules with obliquely truncate apex, 6) the distantly arranged underleaves with linearly bilobed towards base, wide horizontally spreading. Drepanolejeunea vesiculosa (Mitt.) Steph. Figure 36 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.90′N, 102° 35.75′E; alt. 200 m; 14.XI.2021; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 21248. Identification. This species is identified by 1) the distant to contiguous, obliquely spreading, broadly Figure 35. Drepanolejeunea thwaitesiana. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes with ocelli. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apex of leaf lobule. F. Apical cells of leaf lobe. G. Median cells of leaf lobe with three ocelli. H. Basal cells of leaf lobe with two distinct ocelli. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1928. Figure 36. Drepanolejeunea vesiculosa. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe with two distinct ocelli. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 21248. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1023 ovate, falcate leaves, 2) leaf margins crenulate, 3) leaf apices acute (usually folded), 4) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings and trigones small, 5) the presence of two moniliate basal ocelli, 6) the ovate, strongly inflated lobule with a curved, acute apical tooth, 7) small, distantly arranged underleaves, bilobed towards base, margin entire. Lejeunea adpressa Nees Figure 37 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1922. Identification. This common species is known by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, ovate leaves, margin entire, apices rounded, 2) leaf cells with no intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) small, ovate, strongly inflated lobule, 4) distantly arranged underleaves, lanceolately bilobed, margin entire. Lejeunea micholitzii Mizut. Figure 38 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 19151. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) slightly imbricate, widely spreading, plane, ovate leaves, margin entire, apices rounded, 2) leaf cells with intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) small ovate, inflated lobules, 4) distantly arranged underleaves, lanceolately bilobed, side margin with the indistinct, blunt tooth. Lejeunea sordida (Nees) Nees Figure 39 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1905. Identification. This species is identified by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, orbicular leaves, margin entire to indistinct crenulate, apices rounded, 2) leaf cells with intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) ovate, strongly inflated lobule with blunt apical tooth, 4) contiguous and large reniform underleaves, often cover the lobules, apices short bifid, margin entire. Lepidolejeunea bidentula (Steph.) R.M.Schust. Figure 40 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1902. Figure 37. Lejeunea adpressa. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1922. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1024 Figure 38. Lejeunea micholitzii. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 19151. Figure 39. Lejeunea sordida. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Stem cross section. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1905. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1031 Microlejeunea punctiformis (Taylor) Steph. Figure 48 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1926. Identification. This liverwort is identified by 1) distant, erectly spreading, plane, ovate leaves, margin entire, 2) leaf cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) presence of two moniliate basal ocelli (seen in dorsal view), 4) relatively large, ovate, inflated lobules with two teeth; first one unicellular, second one obsolete, 5) distantly arranged, suborbicular to ovate underleaves, triangularly bilobed, margin entire. Ptychanthus striatus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees Figure 49 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1921. Identification. This relatively large, robust, dull green liverwort is distinguished by 1) closely imbricate, widely spreading, plane, ovate leaves, entire to irregularly dentate margin towards apices, 2) leaf cells with frequent intermediate thickenings, trigones small cordate, 3) oblong to subrectangular lobules with 1–2 blunt marginal teeth, 4) distant to contiguous, suborbicular underleaves, apices rounded and slightly emarginate; often irregularly dentate. Figure 49. Ptychanthus striatus. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1921. Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata Steph. Figure 50 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1902. Identification. This liverwort is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, convex, suborbicular to ovate leaves, margin entire, apices rounded, 2) leaf cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small to large, 3) the presence of 2–10 large, oblong, brownish suprabasal ocelli, 4) relatively small, oblong, inflated lobule with one apical tooth, 5) distant, suborbicular underleaves, bilobed, margin entire. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1032 Spruceanthus polymorphus (Sande Lac.) Verd. Figure 51 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1921. Identification. This relatively large liverwort is identified by 1) closely imbricate, widely spreading, plane, oblong leaves, margin entire to sometimes weakly dentate, apices rounded, 2) leaf cells frequently with intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) oblong, inflated lobules, apex with 1-4 blunt teeth, 4) distant to contiguous, small rounded, entire underleaves. Thysananthus spathulistipus (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Lindenb. Figure 52 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1901. Figure 50. Pycnolejeunea grandiocellata. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes with ocelli. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule with hyaline papilla at apex. E. Stem cross section. F. Apical cells of leaf lobe. G. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1902. Figure 51. Spruceanthus polymorphus. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobule. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1921. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1033 Identification. This species is known by 1) imbricate, broadly spreading (convolute and erect when dry) leaves, margin dentate, apices acute; 2) leaf cells with indistinct intermediate thickenings and cordate trigones, 3) subrectangular lobules with 1–2 apical teeth (second tooth often absent), 4) imbricate, obovate to broadly spathulate underleaves, truncate, emarginate apices, lateral margin regularly inrolled, 5) oblong-cylindrical perianth with keels. Tuyamaella molischii (Schiffn.) S.Hatt. Figure 53 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1901. Identification. This species is distinguished by 1) imbricate, obliquely spreading, obovate leaves, apices hyaline and broadly rounded, margin entire, 2) rectangular, hexagonal cells (elongate towards basal) without intermediate thickenings and trigones (except at basal), 3) the presence of indistinct vitta, 4) relatively large ovate-oblong lobules with two teeth; first tooth hammer-like, second one acute, pointing out, 5) distantly arranged, obcordate underleaves, bilobed with round to obtuse apices, sinus narrow, margin entire, 6) obovate perianth with short beak at apex. Bazzania albifolia Horik. Figure 54 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°35.49′N, 102° 36.67′E; alt. 600 m; 23.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1941. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, oblong leaves, margin entire, apices indistinctly bi or tridentate, 2) quadrate cells (elongate in the basal) without intermediate Figure 52. Thysananthus spathulistipus. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Leaf lobules. E. Perianth. F. Bracteole. G. Bracts. H. Stem cross section. I. Apical cells of leaf lobe. J. Median cells of leaf lobe. K. Basal cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1901. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1034 Figure 53. Tuyamaella molischii. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apex of leaf lobule with hyaline papilla in the inner surface of the first tooth base. E. Apical cells of leaf lobe. F. Median cells of leaf lobe. G. Basal cells of leaf lobe. H. Stem cross sections. I. Gynoecium. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1901. Figure 54. Bazzania albifolia. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1941. thickenings, trigones small, 3) distant to contiguous, subquadrate underleaves, margin hyaline, apices entire to truncate. Bazzania asymmetrica (Steph.) N.Kitag. Kitagawa (1979: fig. 4) Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.90′N, 102° 35.75′E; alt. 200 m; 14.XI.2021; Koid et al. leg.; UMTP 21056. Identification. The distinguishing characteristics of this species include 1) relatively large plant, imbricate, asymmetrical leaves, 2) leaf apices truncate frequently with 3(–4) acute teeth, 3) strongly thick-walled cells with large, strongly nodulose trigones, 4) orbicular-quadrate, imbricate underleaves with distinct auricle at bases. Bazzania calcarata (Sande Lac.) Schiffn. Kitagawa (1979: fig. 3) Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.90′N, 102° 35.753′E; alt. 200 m; 14.XI.2021; Koid et al. leg.; UMTP 21062. Identification. The important characteristics of this species are 1) widely spreading, plane leaves with distinct basal teeth, 2) leaf cells with strongly nodulose, large trigones, 3) distantly arranged and toothed underleaves with auricles. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1035 Bazzania densa (Sande Lac.) Schiffn. Figure 55 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1922. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, falcate leaves, margin entire, apices short bi or tridentate, 2) subquadrate, hexagonal cells (elongate in basal) without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) distant, small subquadrate underleaves with recurved, hyaline, entire apices, base contact with a pair of its lateral leaves. Bazzania longicaulis (Sande Lac.) Schiffn. Figure 56 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1905. Identification. This species is identified by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, rectangular leaves, margin entire, apices bi or tridentate, 2) quadrate cells (elongate towards basal) without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) imbricate, subquadrate underleaves, apices truncate, margin slightly dentate. Figure 55. Bazzania densa. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1922. Figure 56. Bazzania longicaulis. A. Portion of shoot with intercalary stem growing out. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Stem cross section. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1905. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1036 Bazzania uncigera (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis. Figure 57 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1929. Identification. This plant is identified by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, slender leaves, margin entire, apices bior trilobed, 2) isodiametric cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones cordate, 3) contiguous, rectangular underleaves, margin sinuately dentate, apices unequally lobed. Kurzia gonyotricha (Sande Lac.) Grolle Figure 58 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.90′N, 102° 35.75′E; alt. 200 m; 14.XI.2021; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 2174. Figure 57. Bazzania uncigera. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1929. Figure 58. Kurzia gonyotricha. A. Portion of plant. B. Stem cross section. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 2174. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1037 Identification. This tiny, pale green liverwort is recognised by 1) distant, obliquely spreading, trilobate, uniseriate leaves, margin entire, apices often acute, 2) rectangular leaf cells, 3) distantly arranged, minute underleaves, uniseriately bilobed (1–3 cells long) with two hyaline apices. Lepidozia trichodes (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Nees Figure 59 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1935. Identification. This liverwort is identified by 1) distant, oblique spreading, plane, rectangular leaves, margin entire, 2–4 irregular apical lobes, 2) quadrate, hexagonal cells without intermediate thickenings and trigones, 3) distantly arranged, minute, short quadrate underleaves with 3–4 short, truncate and bluntly dentate apical lobes. Figure 59. Lepidozia trichodes. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1935. Heteroscyphus aselliformis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Schiffn. Figure 60 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1972. Identification. This liverwort is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, oblong leaves, margin entire, apices uniseriate, bidentate, 2) oblong to isodiametric cells towards basal without intermediate thickenings, trigones large, bulging, 3) contiguous, suborbicular underleaves, dentate apices. Heteroscyphus coalitus (Hook.) Schiffn. Figure 61 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1928a. Identification. This liverwort is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, broad, rectangular Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1038 Figure 60. Heteroscyphus aselliformis. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1972. Figure 61. Heteroscyphus coalitus. A. Portion of plant. B. Underleaf. C. Apical cells of leaf lobe. D. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1928a. leaves, margin entire, apices emarginate, bidentate, 2) leaf cells regularly hexagonal without intermediate thickenings and trigones, 3) distantly arranged underleaves, apices truncate with irregular teeth. Heteroscyphus succulentus (Gottsche) Schiffn. Figure 62 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1928b. Identification. This liverwort is characterised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, plane, triangular leaves, margin entire, apices rounded, 2) hexagonal cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) contiguous, large underleaves, 5–8 irregular, ciliate margin, base continually attached to both of its lower, respective lateral leaves. Pallavicinia lyellii (Hook.) Gray Lee and Gradstein (2021: fig 5D–H) Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.90′N, 102° 35.75′E; alt. 200 m; 14.XI.2021; Koid et al. leg.; UMTP 21039. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1039 Identification. The distinguishing characteristics include 1) midrib of thallus with a distinct central strand, 2) thallus margins with 2-celled long slime hairs, 3) archegonia covered by a cup-like involucre. Plagiochila bantamensis (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont. Figure 63 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1905. Identification. This liverwort is recognised by 1) closely imbricate, widely spreading, oblong-ovate leaves, margin long ciliate, apices short dentate, 2) hexagonal to suborbicular cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) globose saccate, ciliate ventral lobules (at dorsal leaf base), 4) distantly arranged, relatively small underleaves, margin variously ciliate. Figure 62. Heteroscyphus succulentus. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1928b. Figure 63. Plagiochila bantamensis. A. Portion of shoot. B. Leaf lobes with dorsal sacs. C. Underleaves. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. E. Median cells of leaf lobe. F. Sac-like lobule. G. Stem cross section. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1905. Check List 21 (5) · https://doi.org/10.15560/21.5.1000 Sarimi et al. · Liverwort flora of Mount Tebu Forest Reserve 1040 Radula acuminata Steph. Figure 64 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1911. Identification. This liverwort is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, falcate, ovate leaves, margin entire, 2) quadrate to hexagonal cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones indistinct or small, 3) inflated subquadrate lobules, acute to obtuse apex, fasciculate hyaline rhizoids restricted on the ventral surface. Radula assamica Steph. Figure 65 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°37.83′N, 102° 35.77′E; alt. 200 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1976. Identification. This liverwort is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, falcate, ovate asymmetric leaves, margin entire, apex obtuse, 2) quadrate to hexagonal cells without intermediate thickenings, trigones small, 3) small, narrowly subligulate lobules, obtuse apex, fasciculate hyaline rhizoids restricted on the ventral surface. Radula formosa (Spreng.) Nees Figure 66 Material examined. MALAYSIA — Terengganu • Besut, Mount Tebu Forest Reserve; 05°36.67′N, 102° 36.15′N; alt. 400 m; 21.IV.2019; S. Sarimi leg.; UMTP 1942. Identification. This species is recognised by 1) imbricate, widely spreading, falcate, ovate leaves, margin entire, 2) subrectangular to subisodiametric cells with infrequent intermediate thickenings, trigones large cordate, 3) large, inflated, subquadrate lobules, apex obtuse, brownish rhizoids limited on the ventral surface, dorsal base slightly covering stem. Figure 64. Radula acuminata. A. Portion of plant. B. Leaf lobes. C. Median cells of leaf lobe. D. Apical cells of leaf lobe. All drawn from M.S. Sarimi 1911.