Latest Results from the XENONnT Experiment

Searching for Dark Matter with Liquid Xenon Experiments Ananthakrishnan Ravindran Supervisors: Sara Diglio (Subatech) Elisabetta Barberio (UoM) The case for Dark Matter 2 The case for Dark Matter Evidence for Dark Matter at different scales Galactic Cosmic Clusters 3 The case for Dark Matter Evidence for Dark Matter at different scales Galactic Cosmic Clusters What do we know about Dark Matter? 4 The case for Dark Matter Evidence for Dark Matter at different scales Galactic Cosmic Clusters What do we know about Dark Matter? •Has mass •No charge •Does not decay easily •Not (very) fast Not a lot, but.. ©CleanPNG 5 The case for Dark Matter What do we know about Dark Matter? •Has mass •No charge •Does not decay easily •Not (very) fast Not a lot, but.. ©CleanPNG What do we NOT know about Dark Matter? 6 The case for Dark Matter What do we know about Dark Matter? •Has mass •No charge •Does not decay easily •Not (very) fast Not a lot, but.. ©CleanPNG What do we NOT know about Dark Matter? Interaction strength Mass of DM 7 The case for Dark Matter What do we know about Dark Matter? •Has mass •No charge •Does not decay easily •Not (very) fast Not a lot, but.. ©CleanPNG What do we NOT know about Dark Matter? Many different candidate models available… 8 The case for Dark Matter What do we know about Dark Matter? •Has mass •No charge •Does not decay easily •Not (very) fast Not a lot, but.. ©CleanPNG What do we NOT know about Dark Matter? Many different candidate models available… The candidate of interest for XENON and XLZD experiments is the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMPs) 9 The WIMP Landscape Credits: C. O’Hare Currently, the best limits are set by LXe Experiments See talk by O. Stanley and L. Principe later this evening! I focus in this range 16 Dark Matter Direct Detection Target on Earth WIMPs from space Xe 17 Dark Matter Direct Detection Xe Target on Earth WIMPs from space Scattered Heat Light Charge 18 Dark Matter Direct Detection Xe Target on Earth WIMPs from space Scattered Heat Light Charge Running since 2021 Design phase 19 XENON Collaboration 200+ Scientists 30 Institutions 20 XENONnT Detector Target mass: 5.9 tonne LXe 1.5m 1.3m 21 XENONnT Detector Target mass: 5.9 tonne LXe 1.5m 1.3m 1 WIMP(maybe) per more than 107background events..!! 22 Dealing with Backgrounds Cosmic rays Photons, electrons, muons, neutrinos etc. from the atmosphere Intrinsic Backgrounds External Backgrounds 85Kr 3H 222Rn LXe 𝛽and 𝛼emitters in the interaction medium Neutrons and photons from the detector material and surrounding. 23 Dealing with Backgrounds Cosmic rays Place the experiment in a mine or under a mountain Intrinsic Backgrounds External Backgrounds Hall B LNGS, Italy Associated infrastructure to distil the LXe and remove impurities. Shielding and containing the main detector inside large veto detectors 𝜇-Veto n-Veto Detector 24 Towards XLZD 60-80 tonnes of LXe (x10 XENONnT) XENONLux Zeplin - Darwin 25 Personal Contributions on Dark Matter Searches Signal correction using calibration data. Background modelling and inference. Analysis software maintenance. Sensitivity studies for science channels and design choices. Summary •Searching for dark matter to advance our knowledge of the universe. •Liquid Xenon experiments proven to be the best technology for WIMP searches in a large part of the unexplored parameter space. •Exciting times ahead with current and next gen LXe experiments. 32 Thank you for your attention! Template for slides from 33 Rare-event searches: Analysis “Blind” the science data Perform regular calibrations. Simulations of signals and backgrounds 34 Rare-event searches: Analysis “Blind” the science data Perform regular calibrations. Make corrections for detector effects. Simulations of signals and backgrounds 35 Rare-event searches: Analysis “Blind” the science data Perform regular calibrations. Make corrections for detector effects. Simulations of signals and backgrounds Signal and background templates/ models 36 Rare-event searches: Analysis “Blind” the science data Perform regular calibrations. Make corrections for detector effects. Simulations of signals and backgrounds Signal and background templates/ models Statistical Inference Unblind the science data 37 Rare-event searches: Analysis “Blind” the science data Perform regular calibrations. Make corrections for detector effects. Simulations of signals and backgrounds Signal and background templates/ models Statistical Inference Unblind the science data Reported result 38