Evaluation Of Groundwater TDS Fluctuations In Arni Town, District Yavatmal, Maharashtra

International Journal of Advance and Applied Research Peer Reviewed | International Open Access Journal ISSN: 2347-7075 | Impact Factor – 8.141 | Website: https://ijaar.co.in/ Volume-13, Issue-1 | September - October 2025 32 Original Article EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER TDS FLUCTUATIONS IN ARNI TOWN, DISTRICT YAVATMAL, MAHARASHTRA Santosh M. Arade Department of Chemistry, Late R. B. Arts, Commerce and Smt. S. R. Bharti Science College, Arni, District-Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India. Manuscript ID: IJAAR-130106 Abstract: Water is the essence of life, and among the various sources available, groundwater is regarded as one of the purest and most abundant. In India, it plays a crucial role in meeting nearly 50% of the urban and about 80% of the rural water requirements, in addition to its extensive use in irrigation. One of the key parameters for assessing water quality is Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). TDS refers to the concentration of inorganic salts, trace amounts of heavy metals, and minor organic compounds dissolved in water. In simple terms, it represents the combined content of all substances present in water apart from the pure H2O molecules. These dissolved constituents— primarily minerals, salts, and organic matter—serve as an important indicator of overall water quality. Arni, a town and administrative division (Taluka/Tahsil) in the Yavatmal district of Maharashtra, relies heavily on groundwater for domestic consumption. Therefore, regular monitoring of its quality is essential to ensure safe drinking water for the local population. The present study focuses on the variation of TDS levels in the groundwater of Arni town over a period of Nine months. The findings reveal that the TDS values in the region fall within the acceptable range, indicating that the groundwater quality is generally fair and suitable for use. Keyword: Water, Total Dissolved Solids, Groundwater, Variation TDS, Arni Town, 9 Months TDS Variation. ISSN: 2347-7075 Impact Factor – 8.141 Volume - 13 Issue - 1 SeptemberOctober 2025 Pp. 32-37 Submitted: 30 Sept 2025 Revised: 15 Oct 2025 Accepted: 25 Oct 2025 Published: 31Oct 2025 Corresponding Author: Santosh M. Arade Quick Response Code: Website: https://ijaar.co.in/ DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17519827 DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenod o.17519827 Creative Commons Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits others to remix, adapt, and build upon the work non-commercially, provided that appropriate credit is given and that any new creations are licensed under identical terms. How to cite this article: Santosh M. Arade. (2025). Evaluation Of Groundwater TDS Fluctuations In Arni Town, District Yavatmal, Maharashtra. International Journal of Advance and Applied Research, 13(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17519827 International Journal of Advance and Applied Research Peer Reviewed | International Open Access Journal ISSN: 2347-7075 | Impact Factor – 8.141 | Website: https://ijaar.co.in/ Volume-13, Issue-1 | September - October 2025 33 Introduction: Water is a colourless, odourless, and transparent substance, regarded as one of the most vital and irreplaceable natural resources on Earth. It covers nearly threefourths of the planet’s surface and is rightly described as the foundation of life1, 2. For human beings, water is indispensable— about 60–65% of the human body is composed of it3. While a person may survive for weeks without food, survival without water is limited to less than a day. Although the Earth holds about 75% water, nearly 97% is saline and unsuitable for direct consumption. Of the remaining 3% freshwater, more than two-thirds is locked in glaciers, ice caps, or exists as atmospheric and soil moisture, leaving only a tiny fraction—approximately 0.003%—readily accessible as groundwater and surface water. Surface water sources are often contaminated, making them unsafe for direct use. In contrast, groundwater generally possesses superior natural quality: it is usually free from pathogens, colour, and turbidity, and in many cases can be consumed without extensive treatment. It also offers practical advantages, as it does not require large-scale storage or distribution systems and can be developed incrementally near the point of demand. Chemically and microbiologically, groundwater is typically safe, making it suitable not only for drinking and cooking but also for agricultural and industrial applications4. In India, groundwater irrigates nearly two-fifths of the total agricultural land. Moreover, it fulfills about 50% of urban and nearly 80% of rural water requirements, establishing itself as the most reliable and widely available source of water. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) refer to the concentration of inorganic substances such as salts, trace metals, and small amounts of organic compounds dissolved in water5-8. While certain dissolved minerals are essential for human health, excessive amounts can be harmful. Elevated TDS levels are often responsible for turbidity and sedimentation in drinking water, and if consumed without proper treatment, may contribute to various health issues9, 10. In essence, TDS represents the combined load of both organic and inorganic matter present in water apart from the pure H₂O molecules11, 12. These constituents—mainly minerals, salts, and organic residues—serve as a key indicator of overall water quality. Arni, a town and administrative division (Taluka/Tahsil) in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra, lies on the banks of the Arunavati River. The town is connected by National Highway 361, with the nearest railway station at Dhamangaon (about 90 km away) and the closest airport being Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport, Nagpur (approximately 187 km away). Geographically, Arni is located at 20°07′40″N latitude and 77°55′39″E longitude. In Arni, groundwater forms the primary source of drinking water. Since it is extensively used to meet domestic needs, regular monitoring of its quality is essential to ensure the safe supply of potable water to the community. International Journal of Advance and Applied Research Peer Reviewed | International Open Access Journal ISSN: 2347-7075 | Impact Factor – 8.141 | Website: https://ijaar.co.in/ Volume-13, Issue-1 | September - October 2025 34 Figure 1 - Yavatmal District Map In this paper, one attempt has been made to study of variation in total dissolved solids of water of Arni Town, DistrictYavatmal (MS) India over a period of 10 months from January 2025 to September 2025. Methodology: Water samples were collected from different location of Arni town during investigation period of January 2025 to September 2025. Sample is collected in polyethylene bottle. Within 1-hour, total hardness is measured13, 14. For measurement of hardness of the sample, used TDS meter whose details are as follows: Brand  : HM Model Number  : AP-1 Type  : Digital Range  : 0-5000 ppm Temperature Range  : -5+50 degree C degree C Accuracy  : +-2% Battery Life  : 1000 Power Features Power Requirement  : 3v Dimensions Width  : 3 cm Height  : 15 cm Weight  : 0.1 kg Manufacturer : HM DIGITAL PVT LTD SOUTH KOREA Importer : HM DIGITAL INDIA PVT LTD DELHI Source-www.Flipkart.com For the study purpose, we had selected five different groundwater sources of Arni. Water samples are collected every month and TDS is measured with the help of digital Tds meter. Following table shows details of the water sample source: International Journal of Advance and Applied Research Peer Reviewed | International Open Access Journal ISSN: 2347-7075 | Impact Factor – 8.141 | Website: https://ijaar.co.in/ Volume-13, Issue-1 | September - October 2025 35 Sr. No. Sample Area of Sample Groundwater Source Depth 1. Sample 1 Ashok layout Borewell 220 ft 2. Sample 2 Dreamland City Borewell 180 ft 3. Sample 3 Radhakrush Nagari Borewell 170 ft 4. Sample 4 Gandhinagar Borewell 180 ft 5. Sample 5 Bausing layout Borewell 160 ft Sr. No. Month-Year TDS (in ppm) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 1 January 2025 485 380 466 497 385 2 February 2025 480 410 488 465 388 3 March 2025 490 403 490 472 397 4 April 2025 492 395 475 481 403 5 May 2025 495 388 459 479 374 6 June 2025 426 422 471 471 368 7 July 2025 412 430 448 461 410 8 August 2025 410 415 426 458 426 9 September 2025 453 408 465 469 437 According to World Health Organization15, 16 (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standard17, 18 some parameters are as follows: Sr. No. Water quality parameter Bureau of Indian Standard BIS (IS 10500:2012) WHO Guidelines (4th Ed., 2022) 1. pH 6.5 – 8.5 (acceptable); no relaxation 6.5 – 8.5 2. Total Dissolved solids (ppm) 500 (acceptable) – 2000 (permissible in absence of alternate source) No health-based guideline; ≤1000 mg/L suggested for palatability 3. Total hardness (ppm) 200 (acceptable); 600 (permissible in absence of alternate source) No health-based guideline; 100–500 mg/L generally acceptable Conclusion: The assessment of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in drinking water is a vital parameter for determining its suitability for human consumption. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 10500:2012), the desirable limit of TDS is 500 mg/L, with a maximum permissible limit of 2000 mg/L in the absence of an alternative source. The WHO guidelines (2022), while not prescribing a strict health-based limit, emphasize that water with TDS levels below 1000 mg/L is generally acceptable in terms of taste and palatability. From these standards, it is evident that water with TDS values within the 500 mg/L range is considered safe, palatable, and beneficial due to the presence of essential minerals. However, values exceeding this threshold may lead to undesirable effects such as International Journal of Advance and Applied Research Peer Reviewed | International Open Access Journal ISSN: 2347-7075 | Impact Factor – 8.141 | Website: https://ijaar.co.in/ Volume-13, Issue-1 | September - October 2025 36 gastrointestinal irritation, hardness, and corrosive properties, thereby reducing water quality. Thus, regular monitoring of groundwater TDS is essential, particularly in regions like Arni town, Yavatmal district, where groundwater is the primary source of drinking water. Ensuring that TDS levels remain within the acceptable range prescribed by BIS and WHO will safeguard public health while maintaining the natural mineral balance necessary for human well-being. References: 1. 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