Evolution of the concept of facilitation in agricultural entrepreneurship
Abstract
The object of the study is entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector as a socio–economic phenomenon in the conditions of a transformational economy.The subject of the study is the theoretical foundations, stages of formation and substantive transformations of the concept of facilitation of agricultural entrepreneurship.The purpose of the study is to generalize and systematize scientific approaches to the facilitation of agricultural entrepreneurship, to determine its role as a tool for supporting entrepreneurial activity in the modern economic environment.The scientific novelty lies in identifying the key stages of the evolution of theoretical ideas about the facilitation of entrepreneurship; substantiating facilitation as a complex mechanism that combines managerial, communicative and innovative components; expanding the scientific understanding of facilitation as a factor in the formation of a favorable business environment for agricultural business.The practical value of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using generalized theoretical provisions to develop effective programs to support agricultural entrepreneurship; formation of methodological recommendations for the implementation of facilitation practices in the activities of business incubators, educational institutions and government bodies; increasing the efficiency of communication and management in entrepreneurial structures of agrarian business through the use of facilitation approaches. Conclusions. It is substantiated that with the development of economic systems, the complication of business processes and the globalization of production, there is a need for new forms of organizing collective work that ensure effective communication, coordination of actions and mobilization of creative potential. It is proved that facilitation, as a logical continuation of entrepreneurial evolution, has become an answer to the challenges of modern management, combining innovation, flexibility and strategic coordination.The scientific approaches to understanding facilitation have been systematized, its place in the structure of modern entrepreneurial theory has been outlined, and the degree of integration of facilitation practices into agricultural entrepreneurship has been analyzed, which is necessary for forming a holistic understanding of the potential of facilitation as a factor in the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in conditions of economic instability and the challenges of wartime.
Full text
104 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww © ÏÎËÊΠÂ. Ñ., 2025 ÓÄÊ 631.11:005.961:330.341.1 ÏÎËÊΠÂ. Ñ. Åâîëþö³ÿ êîíöåïòó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ â àãðàðíîìó ï³äïðèºìíèöòâ³ Îá’ºêòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ º ï³äïðèºìíèöüêà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü â àãðàðí³é ñôåð³ ÿê ñîö³àëüíî–åêîíîì³÷íå ÿâèùå â óìîâàõ òðàíñôîðìàö³éíî¿ åêîíîì³êè. Ïðåäìåòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ º òåîðåòè÷í³ çàñàäè, åòàïè ñòàíîâëåííÿ òà çì³ñòîâí³ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ êîíöåïòó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà Ìåòà äîñë³äæåííÿ ïîëÿãຠɜ óçàãàëüíåíí³ òà ñèñòåìàòèçàö³¿ íàóêîâèõ ï³äõîä³â äî ôàñèë³òàö³¿ àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, âèçíà÷åíí³ ¿¿ ðîë³ ÿê ³íñòðóìåíòó ï³äòðèìêè ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ â ñó÷àñíîìó åêîíîì³÷íîìó ñåðåäîâèù³. Íàóêîâà íîâèçíà ïîëÿãຠó âèÿâëåíí³ êëþ÷îâèõ åòàï³â åâîëþö³¿ òåîðåòè÷íèõ óÿâëåíü ïðî ôàñèë³òàö³þ ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà; îá´ðóíòóâàíí³ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê êîìïëåêñíîãî ìåõàí³çìó, ùî ïîºäíóº óïðàâë³íñüê³, êîìóí³êàòèâí³ òà ³ííîâàö³éí³ ñêëàäîâ³; ðîçøèðåíí³ íàóêîâîãî ðîçóì³ííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê ÷èííèêà ôîðìóâàííÿ ñïðèÿòëèâîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöüêîãî ñåðåäîâèùà äëÿ àãðàðíîãî á³çíåñó. Ïðàêòè÷íà ö³íí³ñòü îòðèìàíèõ ðåçóëüòàò³â äîñë³äæåííÿ ïîëÿãຠó ìîæëèâîñò³ âèêîðèñòàííÿ óçàãàëüíåíèõ òåîðåòè÷íèõ ïîëîæåíü äëÿ ðîçðîáêè åôåêòèâíèõ ïðîãðàì ï³äòðèìêè àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà; ôîðìóâàíí³ ìåòîäè÷íèõ ðåêîìåíäàö³é ùîäî âïðîâàäæåííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ïðàêòèê ó ä³ÿëüí³ñòü á³çíåñ–³íêóáàòîð³â, îñâ³òí³õ óñòàíîâ òà äåðæàâíèõ îðãàí³â; ï³äâèùåíí³ åôåêòèâíîñò³ êîìóí³êàö³¿ òà óïðàâë³ííÿ â ï³äïðèºìíèöüêèõ ñòðóêòóðàõ àãðàðíîãî á³çíåñó ÷åðåç çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ï³äõîä³â. Âèñíîâêè. Çä³éñíåíî ñèñòåìàòèçàö³þ íàóêîâèõ ï³äõîä³â äî ðîçóì³ííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿, îêðåñëåíî ¿¿ ì³ñöå â ñòðóêòóð³ ñó÷àñíî¿ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ òåîð³¿, à òàêîæ ïðîàíàë³çîâàíî ñòóï³íü ³íòåãðàö³¿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ïðàêòèê ó àãðàðíå ï³äïðèºìíèöòâî, ùî íåîáõ³äíî äëÿ ôîðìóâàííÿ ö³ë³ñíîãî óÿâëåííÿ ïðî ïîòåíö³àë ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê ÷èííèêà ñò³éêîãî ðîçâèòêó àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðó â óìîâàõ åêîíîì³÷íî¿ íåñòàá³ëüíîñò³ òà âèêëèê³â âîºííîãî ÷àñó. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ, ï³äïðèºìíèöòâî, ³ííîâàö³éíèé ï³äõ³ä, àãðàðíà ñôåðà, åâîëþö³ÿ, åêîíîì³÷íèé ðîçâèòîê. VICTOR POLKOV Evolution of the concept of facilitation in agricultural entrepreneurship The object of the study is entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector as a socio–economic phenomenon in the conditions of a transformational economy. The subject of the study is the theoretical foundations, stages of formation and substantive transformations of the concept of facilitation of agricultural entrepreneurship. The purpose of the study is to generalize and systematize scientific approaches to the facilitation of agricultural entrepreneurship, to determine its role as a tool for supporting entrepreneurial activity in the modern economic environment. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the key stages of the evolution of theoretical ideas about the facilitation of entrepreneurship; substantiating facilitation as a complex mechanism that combines managerial, communicative and innovative components; expanding the scientific understanding of facilitation as a factor in the formation of a favorable business environment for agricultural business. The practical value of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using generalized theoretical provisions to develop effective programs to support agricultural entrepreneurship; formation of methodological recommendations for the implementation of facilitation practices in the activities of business incubators, educational institutions and government bodies; increasing the efficiency of communication and management in entrepreneurial structures of agrarian business through the use of facilitation approaches.
ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Ͳ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÈ ÐÎÇÂÈÒÊÓ ÃÀËÓÇÅÉ ÒÀ ÂÈIJ ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Íί IJßËÜÍÎÑÒ² 105 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww Ïîñòàíîâêà ïðîáëåìè. Ïîâíîìàñøòàáíà â³éíà â Óêðà¿í³ ñïðè÷èíèëà ñèñòåìíó êðèçó â àãðàðíîìó ñåêòîð³, çàãîñòðèâøè ïðîáëåìó ïðîäîâîëü÷î¿ áåçïåêè äî êðèòè÷íîãî ð³âíÿ. Îêóïàö³ÿ ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ òåðèòîð³é, çàáðóäíåííÿ ´ðóíò³â, ðóéíóâàííÿ ëîã³ñòè÷íèõ ëàíöþã³â, çíèùåííÿ òåõí³÷íî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè òà çàãîñòðåííÿ äåìîãðàô³÷- íî¿ êðèçè â ñ³ëüñüê³é ì³ñöåâîñò³ ïðèçâåëè äî ñóòòºâîãî ñêîðî÷åííÿ âèðîáíè÷îãî ïîòåíö³àëó. Àãðàðíà ìîäåëü, ùî ðîêàìè ôîðìóâàëàñÿ ÿê åêñïîðòíî– îð³ºíòîâàíà òà ñèðîâèííà, âèÿâèëàñÿ íàäçâè÷àéíî âðàçëèâîþ äî çîâí³øí³õ øîê³â, íå çäàòíîþ çàáåçïå÷èòè âíóòð³øíþ ïðîäîâîëü÷ó ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü ³ äîâãîñòðîêîâó åêîíîì³÷íó ñò³éê³ñòü. Ó òàêèõ óìîâàõ ïîñòຠíàãàëüíà ïîòðåáà â ïåðåîñìèñëåíí³ ñòðàòåã³÷íèõ çàñàä àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà. Ñó÷àñí³ âèêëèêè âèìàãàþòü ïåðåõîäó â³ä åêñòåíñèâíîãî âèðîáíèöòâà äî ³ííîâàö³éíî–îð³ºíòîâàíî¿ ìîäåë³, çäàòíî¿ çàáåçïå÷èòè òåõíîëîã³÷íå îíîâëåííÿ, åôåêòèâíå óïðàâë³ííÿ ðåñóðñàìè òà àäàïòàö³þ äî çì³í ñåðåäîâèùà. Ó êîíòåêñò³ ºâðî³íòåãðàö³¿ òà ãëîáàëüíî¿ êîíêóðåíö³¿ îñîáëèâîãî çíà÷åííÿ íàáóâàþòü ³íñòðóìåíòè ôàñèë³òàö³¿, ÿê çàñîáè ìîá³ë³çàö³¿ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêîãî ïîòåíö³àëó, êîîðäèíàö³¿ ä³é, ôîðìóâàííÿ ñòðàòåã³÷íîãî áà÷åííÿ òà ðîçâèòêó ëþäñüêîãî êàï³òàëó. Ñàìå ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ, ó ïîºäíàíí³ ç òåõíîëîã³÷íèì ïðîðèâîì, ìîæå ñòàòè êàòàë³çàòîðîì ñò³éêîãî çðîñòàííÿ àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðó, éîãî ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ òà ³íòåãðàö³¿ ó ºâðîïåéñüêèé åêîíîì³÷íèé ïðîñò³ð. Îá’ºêòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ º ï³äïðèºìíèöüêà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü â àãðàðí³é ñôåð³ ÿê ñîö³àëüíî–åêîíîì³÷íå ÿâèùå â óìîâàõ òðàíñôîðìàö³éíî¿ åêîíîì³êè. Ïðåäìåòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ º òåîðåòè÷í³ çàñàäè, åòàïè ñòàíîâëåííÿ òà çì³ñòîâí³ òðàíñôîðìàö³¿ êîíöåïòó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà Àíàë³ç îñòàíí³õ äîñë³äæåíü ³ ïóáë³êàö³é. Ó êîíòåêñò³ òðàíñôîðìàö³éíèõ ïðîöåñ³â, ùî îõîïëþþòü àãðàðíèé ñåêòîð Óêðà¿íè, çðîñòຠïîòðåáà â ïåðåîñìèñëåíí³ ³íñòðóìåíò³â ï³äòðèìêè ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³. Îäíèì ³ç òàêèõ ³íñòðóìåíò³â, ùî íàáóâຠàêòóàëüíîñò³ â ñó÷àñíîìó óïðàâë³íñüêîìó äèñêóðñ³, º ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ, ÿê ìåòîä îðãàí³çàö³¿ åôåêòèâíî¿ âçàºìî䳿, ïðèéíÿòòÿ ð³øåíü òà ñòèìóëþâàííÿ ðîçâèòêó. Íåçâàæàþ÷è íà çðîñòàííÿ ïðàêòè÷íîãî ³íòåðåñó äî ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ òåõíîëîã³é, òåîðåòè÷íå îñìèñëåííÿ öüîãî ÿâèùà, îñîáëèâî â êîíòåêñò³ àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, çàëèøàºòüñÿ ôðàãìåíòàðíèì. Àíàë³ç íàóêîâèõ äæåðåë äîçâîëÿº ïðîñòåæèòè åâîëþö³þ êîíöåïòó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ – â³ä ³íñòðóìåíòó ãðóïîâî¿ äèíàì³êè äî ñèñòåìíîãî ï³äõîäó â óïðàâë³íí³ çì³íàìè. Ó ïðàöÿõ çàðóá³æíèõ òà â³ò÷èçíÿíèõ äîñë³äíèê³â ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ ðîçãëÿäàºòüñÿ ÿê ñóêóïí³ñòü íàâè÷îê, ïðîöåñ³â ³ ñòðàòåã³é, ùî ñïðèÿþòü ôîðìóâàííþ ñïðèÿòëèâîãî ñåðåäîâèùà äëÿ ðîçâèòêó ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà. Âîäíî÷àñ, àãðàðíà ñïåöèô³êà ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ âèìàãຠàäàïòàö³¿ çàãàëüíèõ òåîðåòè÷íèõ ïîëîæåíü äî óìîâ ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêîãî âèðîáíèöòâà, ùî õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ âèñîêîþ çàëåæí³ñòþ â³ä ïðèðîäíèõ, ñîö³àëüíèõ òà åêîíîì³÷íèõ ÷èííèê³â. Ïðîàíàë³çóºìî åâîëþö³þ íàóêîâèõ ïîãëÿä³â íà àãðàðíå ï³äïðèºìíèöòâî òà ôàñèë³òàö³þ ÿê ³íñòðóìåíò ï³äâèùåííÿ éîãî åôåêòèâíîñò³, ÿê³ çì³íþâàëèñÿ â³äïîâ³äíî äî ðîçâèòêó ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, â òîìó ÷èñë³ ó àãðàðíîìó âèðîáíèöòâ³. Àäàì Ñì³ò ðîçãëÿäàâ ï³äïðèºìöÿ ÿê âëàñíèêà êàï³òàëó, ÿêèé, êåðóþ÷èñü îñîáèñòèì ³íòåðåñîì, ñâ³äîìî éäå íà ðèçèê çàðàäè ïðèáóòêó, ñàìîñò³éíî ïëàíóº òà îðãàí³çîâóº âèðîáíèöòâî, âèêîðèñòîâóº ïåðåâàãè ïîä³ëó ïðàö³ é êîíòðîëþº ðåçóëüòàòè ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ [7]. Æ.–Á. Ñåé ðîçãëÿäàâ ï³äïðèºìöÿ ÿê óí³âåðñàëüíîãî îðãàí³Conclusions. It is substantiated that with the development of economic systems, the complication of business processes and the globalization of production, there is a need for new forms of organizing collective work that ensure effective communication, coordination of actions and mobilization of creative potential. It is proved that facilitation, as a logical continuation of entrepreneurial evolution, has become an answer to the challenges of modern management, combining innovation, flexibility and strategic coordination.The scientific approaches to understanding facilitation have been systematized, its place in the structure of modern entrepreneurial theory has been outlined, and the degree of integration of facilitation practices into agricultural entrepreneurship has been analyzed, which is necessary for forming a holistic understanding of the potential of facilitation as a factor in the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in conditions of economic instability and the challenges of wartime. Key words: facilitation, entrepreneurship, innovative approach, agricultural sector, evolution, economic development.
ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Ͳ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÈ ÐÎÇÂÈÒÊÓ ÃÀËÓÇÅÉ ÒÀ ÂÈIJ ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Íί IJßËÜÍÎÑÒ² 106 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww çàòîðà, çäàòíîãî åôåêòèâíî ïîºäíóâàòè êàï³òàë, çåìëþ ³ ïðàöþ. Éîãî ï³äõ³ä ïåðåäáà÷àâ îïòèì³çàö³þ âèðîáíè÷èõ ïðîöåñ³â, çîêðåìà â àãðàðí³é ñôåð³, ùî âæå ì³ñòèòü åëåìåíòè ôàñèë³òàö³¿ — ÿê óïðàâë³íñüêîãî âïëèâó íà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü ÷åðåç çàëó÷åííÿ ôàõ³âö³â ³ ðàö³îíàëüíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ ðåñóðñ³â [12, ñ. 60]. Àëüôðåä Ìàðøàëë òðàêòóâàâ ï³äïðèºìíèöòâî ÿê ñôåðó ñâîáîäè âèáîðó òà ñàìîñò³éíîãî ïðèéíÿòòÿ ð³øåíü çàäëÿ ìàêñèì³çàö³¿ ïðèáóòêó òà íàãîëîøóâàâ íà óí³âåðñàëüíîñò³ ï³äïðèºìöÿ, ÿêèé ìຠïîºäíóâàòè óïðàâë³íñüê³, îðãàí³çàö³éí³ òà åêîíîì³÷í³ êîìïåòåíö³¿. Õî÷à òåðì³í «ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ» ïðÿìî íå çãàäóºòüñÿ, îïèñàí³ íèì ÿêîñò³ â³äïîâ³äàþòü ïðîôåñ³éíîìó ïðîô³ëþ ôàñèë³òàòîðà, çäàòíîãî îïåðàòèâíî âèð³øóâàòè ñêëàäí³ çàâäàííÿ àáî ñïðèÿòè ¿õ âèð³øåííþ â ãðóï³. Êîíöåïö³ÿ Ìàðøàëëà º óí³âåðñàëüíîþ é ìîæå áóòè çàñòîñîâàíà äî áóäü–ÿêî¿ ãàëóç³, çîêðåìà àãðàðíî¿ [11]. Êëàðê ³ Íàéò, ðîçâèâàþ÷è ³äå¿ Ìàðøàëëà, ï³äêðåñëèëè êëþ÷îâó ðîëü êîîðäèíàö³¿ ÿê ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ôóíêö³¿, ÿêà â óìîâàõ ãëîáàëüíîãî ïîä³ëó ïðàö³ òà çðîñòàþ- ÷î¿ ñêëàäíîñò³ á³çíåñó ïîòðåáóº çàëó÷åííÿ ôàñèë³òàòîð³â äëÿ åôåêòèâíîãî âèð³øåííÿ óïðàâë³íñüêèõ âèêëèê³â [10, ñ. 11]. Øóìïåòåð âèçíà÷èâ ï³äïðèºìöÿ ÿê íîâàòîðà, ùî ñòâîðþº íîâ³ êîìá³íàö³¿ ðåñóðñ³â, à éîãî ³ííîâàö³éíà ðîëü íàáëèæàºòüñÿ äî ôàñèë³òàòîðà, çäàòíîãî îïòèì³çóâàòè á³çíåñ–ïðîöåñè òà çàáåçïå÷èòè åêîíîì³÷íå çðîñòàííÿ [8]. ³ò÷èçíÿí³ íàóêîâö³ òàêîæ ïðèä³ëÿþòü óâàãó îá’ºêòó òà ïðåäìåòó íàøîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ, çîêðåìà, â³äîìèé åêñïåðò–íàóêîâåöü Ì. É. Ìàë³ê ââàæàº, ùî àãðàðíå ï³äïðèºìíèöòâî º ³íñòèòóòîì çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ³ííîâàö³éíîãî ðîçâèòêó àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðà åêîíîì³êè, ÿêèé âèñòóïຠçàñîáîì ñòðóêòóðíî¿ ïåðåáóäîâè, ñòèìóëîì òðàíñôîðìàö³éíèõ çì³í ÷åðåç ³íñòèòóö³îíàë³çàö³þ åêîíîì³÷íèõ â³äíîñèí äî óìîâ ðèíêó. Ïðîòå ³íñòèòóò àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, íà äóìêó àâòîðà, ïîêè ùî íå ñòàâ åêîíîì³÷íî â³äïîâ³äàëüíèì, à íàäëèøîê åêîíîì³÷íî¿ âëàäè äຠìîæëèâîñò³ äèêòàòó ùîäî óìîâ ôîðìóâàííÿ â³äíîñèí, ÿê³, ãîëîâíèì ÷èíîì, ïîâ’ÿçàí³ ç ïåðåðîçïîä³ëîì ðåíòè íå íà êîðèñòü ñåëÿíèíà–âëàñíèêà [4]. Ò.Â. Æóðàâëüîâà ñôîðìóëþâàëà îñíîâí³ ïðèíöèïè â³ëüíîãî ðîçâèòêó àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà: âèêîðèñòàííÿ ð³çíèõ ôîðì âëàñíîñò³, ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ ³ ðîçì³ð³â ï³äïðèºìñòâ; ïåðåâàæíèé ðîçâèòîê ìàëîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà; çáåðåæåííÿ ³ ðàö³îíàëüíå âèêîðèñòàííÿ íàÿâíî¿ ìàòåð³àëüíî–òåõí³÷íî¿ áàçè âèðîáíèöòâà ïðîäîâîëüñòâà [1]. Íåâèð³øåí³ ðàí³øå ÷àñòèíè çàãàëüíî¿ ïðîáëåìè ïîëÿãàþòü ó íåäîñòàòí³é òåîðåòè÷í³é âèçíà- ÷åíîñò³ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê ñèñòåìíîãî ³íñòðóìåíòó ï³äòðèìêè àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, â³äñóòíîñò³ ÷³òêî¿ êëàñèô³êàö³¿ ¿¿ ôóíêö³é ó ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêîìó êîíòåêñò³ òà îáìåæåí³é ³íòåãðàö³¿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ïðàêòèê ó ìåõàí³çìè ðîçâèòêó àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðó. Ìåòà äîñë³äæåííÿ ïîëÿãຠó óçàãàëüíåíí³ òà ñèñòåìàòèçàö³¿ íàóêîâèõ ï³äõîä³â äî ôàñèë³òàö³¿ àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, âèçíà÷åíí³ ¿¿ ðîë³ ÿê ³íñòðóìåíòó ï³äòðèìêè ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ â ñó÷àñíîìó åêîíîì³÷íîìó ñåðåäîâèù³. ³äïîâ³äíî äî ìåòè ïîñòàâëåí³ íàñòóïí³ çàâäàííÿ: Ïðîàíàë³çóâàòè íàóêîâ³ äæåðåëà ùîäî ñòàíîâëåííÿ òà ðîçâèòêó êîíöåïòó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ â ï³äïðèºìíèöüêîìó äèñêóðñ³. Âèçíà÷èòè îñîáëèâîñò³ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ï³äõîä³â ó ñôåð³ àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà. Îá´ðóíòóâàòè ðîëü ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê ³íñòðóìåíòó ñòèìóëþâàííÿ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ òà ðîçâèòêó ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ âèðîáíè÷èõ ñèñòåì. Âèêëàäåííÿ îñíîâíîãî ìàòåð³àëó äîñë³äæåííÿ. Óñêëàäíåííÿ ôóíêö³é ï³äïðèºìöÿ çóìîâëþº ïîòðåáó â îïòèì³çàö³¿ óïðàâë³íñüêèõ ïðîöåñ³â çàäëÿ ï³äâèùåííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ á³çíåñó. Åâîëþö³ÿ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêîãî ³íñòèòóòó ñïðè÷èíèëà íå ëèøå ðîçøèðåííÿ éîãî òåîðåòè÷íèõ ³ ôóíêö³îíàëüíèõ ìåæ, à é àêòóàë³çóâàëà íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ñïðîùåííÿ óïðàâë³ííÿ ÷åðåç âäîñêîíàëåííÿ êîìóí³êàö³é, êîîðäèíàö³þ ä³é òà ³íòåãðàö³þ á³çíåñ–ïðîöåñ³â. Íà äóìêó Ì. Â. Ñêèáè, åâîëþö³ÿ ïîíÿòòÿ «ï³äïðèºìåöü» â³äîáðàæຠçì³íè â åêîíîì³÷íîìó ðîçâèòêó ñóñï³ëüñòâà, çîêðåìà òðàíñôîðìàö³þ ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñèë, ôîðì âëàñíîñò³ òà ðèíêîâèõ â³äíîñèí. Àâòîðêà ñèñòåìàòèçóº òåîðåòè÷í³ ï³äõîäè äî ³íñòèòóòó ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà, ùî äîçâîëÿº, ñïèðàþ÷èñü íà ¿¿ íàïðàöþâàííÿ, óçàãàëüíèòè óìîâí³ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³, ùî ïðåäñòàâëåíî ó òàáë.1: ²íòåðåñ äî ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ó ñâ³ò³ ñòð³ìêî çðîñòàº, ðîçøèðþºòüñÿ ñïåêòð ìåòîäèê ³ ñôåð çàñòîñóâàííÿ. Ïîïðè ïîòðåáó â îïòèì³çàö³¿ á³çíåñ–ïðîöåñ³â, ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ â ï³äïðèºìíèöòâ³ ïîêè íå ñòàëà óñòàëåíîþ ïðàêòèêîþ é çàëèøàºòüñÿ íîâèì íàïðÿìîì, ùî çäåá³ëüøîãî ðåàë³çóºòüñÿ íà óìîâàõ àóòñîðñèíãó ÿê ³íñòðóìåíò ï³äòðèìêè òà ãðóïîâî¿ ðîáîòè.
ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Ͳ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÈ ÐÎÇÂÈÒÊÓ ÃÀËÓÇÅÉ ÒÀ ÂÈIJ ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Íί IJßËÜÍÎÑÒ² 107 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww ²ñòîð³ÿ ðîçâèòêó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ñòàëà âàæëèâèì îá’ºêòîì äîñë³äæåííÿ äëÿ ñâ³òîâîãî ôàõ³âöÿ ç ðîçâèòêó ë³äåðñòâà, ïàðòíåðñòâà òà ðîçâèòêó îðãàí³çàö³é г÷àðäà ×åïìåíà, ÿêèé ïðîàíàë³çóâàâ öåé ïðîöåñ, ïî÷èíàþ÷è ç ÷àñ³â Äðóãî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ â³éíè ³ äî ïîä³é ó Âåëèêîáðèòàí³¿ òà ÑØÀ. Äîñë³äíèê óìîâíî ñâîº äîñë³äæåííÿ ðîçä³ë³â íà äåê³ëüêà åòàï³â: 1) äî òà ï³ñëÿ âîºíí³ âèòîêè ïðîôåñ³éíî¿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿; 2) òðèâàëèé ïåð³îä «ðîçâ³äêè» ç ñåðåäèíè 40–õ ðîê³â ÕÕ ñò. äî 1950–1970 ðð.; 3) ôîðìóâàííÿ ïåðøèõ ôîðìàëüíèõ îñâ³òí³ ïðîãðàìè íàïðèê³íö³ 1970–õ ðîê³â ³ ïî÷àòêó 1980–õ ðð.; 4) ñòâîðåííÿ ̳æíàðîäíî¿ àñîö³àö³¿ ôàñèë³òàòîð³â (IAF) ó 1994 ðîö³ [5]. Ïðåäñòàâèìî ñâ³òîâó åâîëþö³þ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ó âèãëÿä³ ñõåìè, ùî íà ðèñ. 1: Íà ïî÷àòêîâîìó åòàï³ ðîçâèòêó ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ñïîñòåð³ãàëîñÿ àêòèâíå âïðîâàäæåííÿ òåîðåòè÷íèõ ï³äõîä³â ó ïðàêòèêó òà ïîÿâà íîâèõ ìåòîäèê. Ó 1941 ðîö³ À. Îñáîðí çàïðîïîíóâàâ ìåòîä «ìîçêîâîãî øòóðìó», ÿêèé ñòàâ çíàêîâèì äëÿ ãðóïîâî¿ ðîáîòè. Ñàìå òîä³ áóëè çàñíîâàí³ êëþ- ÷îâ³ ³íñòèòóö³¿, ùî ñóòòºâî âïëèíóëè íà ñòàíîâëåííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿: Öåíòð ãðóïîâî¿ äèíàì³êè ïðè MIT, Íàö³îíàëüíà ëàáîðàòîð³ÿ òðåí³íãó (NTL), ²íñòèòóò Òàâ³ñòîêà òà Ðîôô³ Ïàðê ó Âåëèêîáðèòàí³¿. Ó öåé ïåð³îä òàêîæ ç’ÿâèâñÿ æóðíàë «Human Relations», äå Ê. Ëåâ³í îïóáë³êóâàâ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíó ñòàòòþ ïðî ãðóïîâ³ ìåòîäè òà ³íñòðóìåíòè ñîö³àëüíèõ äîñë³äæåíü [2]. Íà äðóãîìó åòàï³ ðîçâèòêó ôàñèë³òàö³¿, ÿêèé Ð. ×åïìåí íàçâàâ «Ðîêàìè ðîçâ³äêè», áóëè çàïðîâàäæåí³ íîâ³ ôîðìè ãðóïîâî¿ ðîáîòè – T–ãðóïè òà «ãðóïè çóñòð³÷åé», ùî ñòàëè ³íñòðóìåíòàìè äîñë³äæåííÿ äîñâ³äó. Çðîñòàííÿ íàóêîâîãî ³íòåðåñó äî ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ñïðèÿëî ïîÿâ³ ñïåö³àë³çîâàíèõ íàóêîâèõ âèäàíü, ïðèñâÿ÷åíèõ ¿¿ òåîðåòè÷íîìó òà ïðàêòè÷íîìó îñìèñëåííþ. Íà òðåòüîìó åòàï³ ç’ÿâëÿþòüñÿ ïåðø³ îñâ³òí³ ïðîãðàìè ï³äãîòîâêè ïðîôåñ³éíèõ ôàñèë³òàòîð³â. ×åòâåðòèé åòàï õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ ñòð³ìêîþ ïîÿâîþ ö³ëîãî ïîðòôåëþ ìåòîä³â ôàñèë³òàö³¿. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ â Óêðà¿í³ ïåðåáóâຠíà ðàííüîìó åòàï³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ, ùî çóìîâëåíî êîìïëåêñîì åêîíîì³÷íèõ ÷èííèê³â – â³ä òåõíîëîã³÷íîãî â³äñòàâàííÿ òà íåðàö³îíàëüíî¿ ñåêòîðàëüíî¿ ñòðóêòóðè äî íåñòà÷³ ³íâåñòèö³é ³ ðåñóðñ³â. ³äñóòí³ñòü ñïàäêîºìíîñò³ äåðæàâíî¿ ïîë³òèêè òà ðîçðèâ ì³æ ñòðàòåã³ÿìè é ïðàêòèêîþ òàêîæ ãàëüìóþòü ðîçâèòîê. Ó ïîð³âíÿíí³ ç³ ñâ³òîâèìè òåíäåíö³ÿìè, â³äñòàâàííÿ ñÿãຠùîíàéìåíøå ï³âñòîë³òòÿ: â Óêðà- ¿í³ äîñ³ íå ³ñíóº æîäíîãî ôàõîâîãî íàóêîâîãî Íàóêîâö³ Îçíàêè ï³äïðèºìöÿ Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà óìîâíî¿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿* Àäàì Ñì³ò (1723 – 1790 ðð.) Îòðèìóº ïðèáóòîê íà âêëàäåíèé êàï³òàë Îðãàí³çàö³ÿ òà óïðàâë³ííÿ ïðîñòèì âèðîáíèöòâîì Æàí–Áàò³ñò Ñåé (1767–1832 ðð.) Ñòâîðþº âëàñíó ñïðàâó, âðàõîâóº ðèçèêè, îòðèìóº ïðèáóòîê Îðãàí³çàö³ÿ âèðîáíèöòâà, âðàõóâàííÿ ðèçèê³â, îïòèì³çàö³ÿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ Àëüôðåä Ìàðøàëë (1842 – 1924 ðð.) Ìຠóí³êàëüí³ âëàñòèâîñò³ (ï³äïðèºìíèöüêèé äàð), ùî äîçâîëÿþòü ïîºäíàòè ôàêòîðè âèðîáíèöòâà (çåìëþ, ïðàöþ, êàï³òàë) òà îòðèìàòè íàéâèù³ ïðèáóòêè ²í³ö³àö³ÿ, îðãàí³çàö³ÿ, îïòèì³çàö³ÿ òà óïðàâë³ííÿ ïðîöåñîì âèðîáíèöòâà Äæîí Áåéòñ Êëàðê (1847 – 1938 ðð.) Êîîðäèíóº ôàêòîðè Âèðîáíèöòâà Êîîðäèíàö³ÿ ôàêòîðàìè âèðîáíèöòâà ÷åðåç îïòèì³çàö³þ ðåñóðñ³â òà âðàõóâàííÿ ðèçèê³â Ôðåäåð³ê Íàéò (1885 – 1972 ðð.) Ìຠñèëüíó ³íòó¿ö³þ òà ïåðåäáà÷ຠìàéáóòíº Àíàë³ç ïîòî÷íî¿ ñèòóàö³¿ òà ïðîãíîç ìîæëèâèõ ðåçóëüòàò³â Éîçåô Øóìïåòåð (1883 – 1950 ðð.) Ìຠçä³áíîñò³ âò³ëþâàòè íîâ³ ïðîãðåñèâí³ ³äå¿, ðóø³é íàóêîâî–òåõí³÷- íîãî ïðîãðåñó Ïîøóê òà âò³ëåííÿ ó á³çíåñ ïðîãðåñèâíèõ ³äåé ϳòåð Äðóêåð (1909 – 2005 ð.) Øóêຠçì³í, ðåàãóº íà íèõ, ïåðåòâîðþº äæåðåëî â ðåñóðñ, âèêîðèñòîâóº ìîæëèâîñò³ Ïîøóê òà âò³ëåííÿ á³çíåñ–³äåé, îïòèì³çàö³ÿ ðåçóëüòàòó ÷åðåç çàëó÷åííÿ âñ³õ ìîæëèâîñòåé ²çðàºëü ʳðçíåð (1930 ð.í.) Ñóì³ùຠïîïèò òà ïðîïîçèö³þ, ùî ôîðìóº ðèíêîâ³ ö³íè. Ïîºäíàííÿ, óïðàâë³ííÿ, îïòèì³çàö³ÿ çîâí³øí³õ òà âíóòð³øí³õ ôàêòîð³â âèðîáíèöòâà Òàáëèöÿ 1. Åâîëþö³ÿ òåîðåòè÷íèõ ïîãëÿä³â íà îçíàêè ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ òà çì³íè â³äïîâ³äíèõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê óìîâíî¿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ *Òåî𳿠ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà íå çãàäóþòü â ñâîºìó êîíòåêñò³ ïîíÿòòÿ «ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ» âçàãàë³; ðàçîì ç òèì ï³äïðèºìíèöòâî ïåðåäáà÷àëî çä³éñíåííÿ ïåâíèõ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ôóíêö³é, õàðàêòåðèñòèêó ÿêèõ ïðîïîíóºìî íàçèâàòè óìîâíèìè. Äæåðåëî: óäîñêîíàëåíî àâòîðîì çà [6, ñ. 59]
108 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww âèäàííÿ ÷è îñâ³òíüî¿ ïðîãðàìè, ïðèñâÿ÷åíî¿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê îêðåì³é ñïåö³àëüíîñò³. Ðàçîì ç òèì, Ó 2017 ðîö³ â Óêðà¿í³ çàñíîâàíî ãðîìàäñüêó îðãàí³çàö³þ «Íàö³îíàëüíà îðãàí³çàö³ÿ ôàñèë³òàòîð³â Óêðà¿íè» (ÃÎ «ÍÀÔÓ»), ùî çàñâ³ä÷óº çðîñòàííÿ ïðîôåñ³éíîãî ³íòåðåñó äî ôàñèë³òàö³¿. ¯¿ ä³ÿëüí³ñòü êîîðäèíóºòüñÿ ÷åðåç Facebook–ñòîð³íêó, ÿêà îá’ºäíóº ôàõ³âö³â, àíîíñóº òðåí³íãè, îðãàí³çîâóº îíëàéí ³ îôëàéí çóñòð³÷³ ç ì³æíàðîäíèìè åêñïåðòàìè òà ïîøèðþº ñó÷àñí³ ìåòîäè ôàñèë³òàö³¿. Êð³ì òîãî, â Óêðà¿í³ ôóíêö³îíóº ñåðòèô³êàö³éíà ïðîãðàìà, àêðåäèòîâàíà Ô³íñüêèì öåíòðîì îö³íêè îñâ³òè, ÿêà ãîòóº êåð³âíèê³â, ôàñèë³òàòîð³â ³ êîìàíäíèõ êîó÷³â ³ç â³äïîâ³äíîþ òåîðåòè÷- íîþ áàçîþ òà ïðàêòè÷íèì äîñâ³äîì. Ôóíäàìåíòàëüíèì â³ò÷èçíÿíèì íàóêîâèì äîñë³äæåííÿì ó öàðèí³ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ º äîêòîðñüêà äèñåðòàö³ÿ Ë. Â. Ëóêàøîâî¿, â ÿê³é íàóêîâèöÿ êîìïëåêñíî äîñë³äèëà òåîðåòè÷í³, ìåòîäîëîã³÷í³, ìåòîäè÷í³ òà ïðàêòè÷í³ àñïåêòè ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ðîçâèòêó ìàëîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà òà îá´ðóíòóâàëà ïîëîæåííÿ íîâî¿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíî¿ êîíöåïö³¿ ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà [3]. Ç îãëÿäó íà åòàïè åâîëþö³¿ ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà òà ñòàíîâëåííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿, äîö³ëüíî îêðåñëèòè ¿¿ ïðèêëàäí³ îñîáëèâîñò³ ó ñôåð³ àãðàðíîãî á³çíåñó. Ñåðåä îñîáëèâîñò³ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ â àãðàðíîìó ï³äïðèºìíèöòâ³ âèçíà÷èìî íàñòóïí³ : Ãðóïîâà âçàºìîä³ÿ òà êîîðäèíàö³ÿ. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ ñïðèÿº åôåêòèâí³é êîìóí³êàö³¿ ì³æ ó÷àñíèêàìè àãðàðíîãî á³çíåñó ôåðìåðàìè, êîíñóëüòàíòàìè, ³íâåñòîðàìè, óïðàâë³íöÿìè, çàáåçïå÷óþ÷è óçãîäæåí³ñòü ä³é ³ ñï³ëüíå ïðèéíÿòòÿ ð³øåíü. Îïòèì³çàö³ÿ âèðîáíè÷èõ ïðîöåñ³â. ×åðåç ôàñèë³òàö³éí³ ìåòîäè (ìîçêîâèé øòóðì, ñòðàòåã³÷- í³ ñåñ³¿, T–ãðóïè) àãðàðí³ ï³äïðèºìñòâà ìîæóòü âäîñêîíàëþâàòè ëîã³ñòèêó, ïëàíóâàííÿ ïîñ³â³â, óïðàâë³ííÿ ðèçèêàìè òà ðåñóðñàìè. ²ííîâàö³éíà àêòèâí³ñòü. Ôàñèë³òàòîð ñòèìóëþº ïîøóê íîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é, àãðîòåõí³ê, á³çíåñ–ìîäåëåé, ùî ï³äâèùóþòü êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü ïðîäóêö³¿ òà àäàïòàö³þ äî çì³í êë³ìàòó ÷è ðèíêó. Çàëó÷åííÿ ³íâåñòèö³é òà ñòðàòåã³÷íå ïëàíóâàííÿ. Ó ïðîöåñ³ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ôîðìóþòüñÿ ÷³òê³ áà÷åííÿ ðîçâèòêó, ùî ï³äâèùóº ïðèâàáëèâ³ñòü ï³äïðèºìñòâà äëÿ ³íâåñòîð³â ³ äîçâîëÿº åôåêòèâíî âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè äåðæàâíó ï³äòðèìêó òà ì³æíàðîäí³ ãðàíòè. Ðîçâèòîê ñ³ëüñüêèõ òåðèòîð³é. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ äîïîìàãຠîá’ºäíóâàòè ãðîìàäè íàâêîëî àãðàðíèõ Ðèñóíîê 1. Ñõåìà åâîëþö³¿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ Äæåðåëî: ñêëàäåíî àâòîðîì çà [9]
ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Ͳ ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÈ ÐÎÇÂÈÒÊÓ ÃÀËÓÇÅÉ ÒÀ ÂÈIJ ÅÊÎÍÎ̲×Íί IJßËÜÍÎÑÒ² 109 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww ïðîºêò³â, ñïðèÿº ñîö³àëüí³é çãóðòîâàíîñò³, ñòâîðåííþ íîâèõ ðîáî÷èõ ì³ñöü ³ ðîçâèòêó ì³ñöåâî¿ ³íôðàñòðóêòóðè. Àäàïòàö³ÿ äî ãëîáàëüíèõ âèêëèê³â.  óìîâàõ ì³æíàðîäíîãî ïîä³ëó ïðàö³ òà âèñîêî¿ êîíêóðåíö³¿ ôàñèë³òàö³éí³ ï³äõîäè äîçâîëÿþòü øâèäêî ðåàãóâàòè íà çì³íè, ³íòåãðóâàòè íîâ³ çíàííÿ òà çàáåçïå÷èòè ñò³éê³ñòü àãðàðíîãî á³çíåñó. Âðàõîâóþ÷è ñïåöèô³êó àãðàðíîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà òà âèêëèêè ñó÷àñíîãî á³çíåñ–ñåðåäîâèùà, ïîñòຠïîòðåáà â îá´ðóíòóâàíí³ ðîë³ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê êëþ÷îâîãî ³íñòðóìåíòó åôåêòèâíîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ òà ðîçâèòêó. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ â³ä³ãðຠêëþ÷îâó ðîëü ó ñòèìóëþâàíí³ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ òà ðîçâèòêó àãðàðíèõ âèðîáíè÷èõ ñèñòåì, îñê³ëüêè çàáåçïå÷óº åôåêòèâíó âçàºìîä³þ ì³æ ó÷àñíèêàìè á³çíåñ–ïðîöåñ³â, ñïðèÿº ïðèéíÿòòþ óçãîäæåíèõ ð³øåíü ³ àêòèâ³çóº âíóòð³øí³é ïîòåíö³àë êîìàíäè. Ôàñèë³òàö³éí³ ìåòîäè ñòâîðþþòü ñåðåäîâèùå, äå êîæåí ó÷àñíèê ìຠçìîãó âèñëîâèòè ³äå¿, ùî ñòèìóëþº ï³äïðèºìíèöüêå ìèñëåííÿ, â³äïîâ³äàëüí³ñòü ³ ìîòèâàö³þ äî 䳿. Çàâäÿêè ñòðóêòóðîâàíèì ñåñ³ÿì (ìîçêîâèé øòóðì, ñòðàòåã³÷íå ïëàíóâàííÿ, ãðóïîâ³ îáãîâîðåííÿ) ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ äîïîìàãຠàãðàðíèì ï³äïðèºìñòâàì øâèäøå ôîðìóëþâàòè åôåêòèâí³ ð³øåííÿ, àäàïòîâàí³ äî çì³í ðèíêó òà êë³ìàòè÷íèõ óìîâ. Ôàñèë³òàòîð ñïðèÿº ïîøóêó íîâèõ òåõíîëîã³é, àãðîïðàêòèê ³ á³çíåñ–ìîäåëåé, ùî äîçâîëÿº ï³äïðèºìñòâàì ï³äâèùèòè ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü, ÿê³ñòü ïðîäóêö³¿ òà êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü. Ó áàãàòîêîìïîíåíòíîìó àãðàðíîìó âèðîáíèöòâ³ ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ çàáåçïå- ÷óº óçãîäæåí³ñòü ì³æ ï³äðîçä³ëàìè, ïîñòà÷àëüíèêàìè, êîíñóëüòàíòàìè òà ïðàö³âíèêàìè, ùî êðèòè÷íî âàæëèâî äëÿ áåçïåðåá³éíîãî ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ñèñòåìè. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ ñïðèÿº íàâ÷àííþ, îáì³íó äîñâ³äîì ³ ôîðìóâàííþ ë³äåðñüêèõ íàâè- ÷îê ñåðåä ó÷àñíèê³â àãðàðíîãî á³çíåñó, ùî çì³öíþº êàäðîâó îñíîâó ï³äïðèºìñòâà.  óìîâàõ íåñòàá³ëüíîñò³, åêîëîã³÷íèõ ðèçèê³â òà îáìåæåíèõ ðåñóðñ³â ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ äîïîìàãຠøâèäêî ìîá³ë³çóâàòè êîìàíäó, çíàéòè íåñòàíäàðòí³ ð³øåííÿ òà çáåðåãòè ñò³éê³ñòü âèðîáíè÷î¿ ñèñòåìè. Âèñíîâêè Åâîëþö³ÿ òåî𳿠ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà – â³ä êëàñè÷íèõ óÿâëåíü ïðî âëàñí³ñòü ³ ðèçèê äî ñó÷àñíîãî ðîçóì³ííÿ ï³äïðèºìöÿ ÿê íîâàòîðà òà êîîðäèíàòîðà, ñòâîðèëà ï³ä´ðóíòÿ äëÿ ôîðìóâàííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³¿ ÿê îêðåìîãî óïðàâë³íñüêîãî ³íñòðóìåíòó. Ç ðîçâèòêîì åêîíîì³÷íèõ ñèñòåì, óñêëàäíåííÿì á³çíåñ– ïðîöåñ³â ³ ãëîáàë³çàö³ºþ âèðîáíèöòâà âèíèêëà ïîòðåáà â íîâèõ ôîðìàõ îðãàí³çàö³¿ êîëåêòèâíî¿ ðîáîòè, ùî çàáåçïå÷óþòü åôåêòèâíó êîìóí³êàö³þ, óçãîäæåííÿ ä³é òà ìîá³ë³çàö³þ òâîð÷îãî ïîòåíö³àëó. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ, ÿê ëîã³÷íå ïðîäîâæåííÿ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ åâîëþö³¿, ñòàëà â³äïîâ³ääþ íà âèêëèêè ñó÷àñíîãî óïðàâë³ííÿ, ïîºäíóþ÷è ³ííîâàö³éí³ñòü, ãíó÷ê³ñòü ³ ñòðàòåã³÷íó êîîðäèíàö³þ. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ â àãðàðíîìó ï³äïðèºìíèöòâ³ º íå ëèøå çàñîáîì êîìóí³êàö³¿, à ñòðàòåã³÷íèì ðåñóðñîì óïðàâë³ííÿ. ¯¿ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ñïðèÿº ï³äâèùåííþ åôåêòèâíîñò³, ³ííîâàö³éíîñò³ òà àäàïòèâíîñò³ àãðàðíèõ âèðîáíè÷èõ ñèñòåì. Ó ñó÷àñíèõ óìîâàõ ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ çàáåçïå÷óº ñò³éê³ñòü á³çíåñó, ðîçâèòîê ëþäñüêîãî êàï³òàëó òà êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîæí³ñòü ïðîäóêö³¿. Âïðîâàäæåííÿ ôàñèë³òàö³éíèõ ï³äõîä³â º íåîáõ³äíèì êðîêîì äëÿ ìîäåðí³çàö³¿ àãðàðíîãî ñåêòîðó òà ôîðìóâàííÿ íîâî¿ óïðàâë³íñüêî¿ êóëüòóðè. Ñïèñîê âèêîðèñòàíèõ äæåðåë: 1. Æóðàâëüîâà, Ò.Â. (2015). Îñîáëèâîñò³ ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â àãðàðíîìó ñåêòîð³. Íàóêîâèé êëóá. Ñåêö³ÿ 3. URL: http://surl.li/wbioqx 2. Ëåâ³í Ê. Ìåæ³ â ãðóïîâ³é äèíàì³ö³: êîíöåïö³ÿ, ìåòîä ³ ðåàëüí³ñòü ó ñîö³àëüíèõ íàóêàõ; ñîö³àëüíà ð³âíîâàãà òà ñîö³àëüí³ çì³íè. Ëþäñüê³ ñòîñóíêè, 1947. – 1, 5–41. https://doi. org/10.1177/001872674700100103 3. Ëóêàøîâà Ë.Â. Ôàñèë³òàö³ÿ ðîçâèòêó ìàëîãî ï³äïðèºìíèöòâà. äèñ. ... ä–ðà åêîí. íàóê : 08.00.04, 2020. – Êè¿â. íàö. òîðã.–åêîí. óí–ò. – Êè¿â. 820 ñ. 4. Ìàë³ê Ì.É., Øïèêóëÿê Î.Ì., Ñóïðóí Î.Ì. (2017). Ðîçâèòîê ï³äïðèºìíèöüêî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ â àãðàðíîìó ñåêòîð³: ìàêðîåêîíîì³÷íèé àñïåêò. Íàóêîâèé â³ñíèê Óæãîðîäñüêîãî óí³âåðñèòåòó. Ñåð³ÿ Åêîíîì³êà. – Âèïóñê 1 (49). Ò.2. URL: https://salo.li/4136E42 5. Ñàéò êîìïàí³¿ Humantime. URL: http:// humantime.com.ua/#team–wrap 6. Ñêèáà Ì.Â. (2014). Åâîëþö³ÿ íàóêîâèõ ïîãëÿä³â çàðóá³æíèõ â÷åíèõ ùîäî ñóòíîñò³ ïîíÿòòÿ «ï³äïðèºìåöü». ²íâåñòèö³¿: ïðàêòèêà òà äîñâ³ä, 2014. – ¹ 12. Ñ. 58–63 7. Ñì³ò À. Äîñë³äæåííÿ ïðî ïðèðîäó ³ ïðè÷èíè áàãàòñòâà íàðîä³â. Ïåðåêë. ç àíã. Î. Âàñèëüºâ, Ì. Ìåæåâ³ê³íà, À. Ìàë³âñüêèé, 2018. – Ê.: «Íàø ôîðìàò». 722 ñ. 8. Øóìïåòåð É. À. Òåîð³ÿ åêîíîì³÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó. Äîñë³äæåííÿ ïðèáóòê³â, êàï³òàëó, êðåäèòó, â³äñîòêà òà åêîíîì³÷íîãî öèêëó / Éîçåô À. Øóìïåòåð; ïåð. ç àíãë. Â. Ñòàðêà. – 2–å âèä., äîï. – Êè¿â : Âèäàâíè÷èé ä³ì «Êèºâî–Ìîãèëÿíñüêà àêàäåì³ÿ», 2014. – 246 ñ
110 ´ÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍßÐÈÍÊÎÂÈÕÂÄÍÎÑÈͳÊÐÀÍww 9. Chapman R. (2011). Reflections on the history of professional process facilitation, 2011. – eO&P. URL: http://surl.li/mpstun 10. Clark J. B. The Distribution of Wealth: A Theory of Wages, Interest and Profits, 1908. – available at: http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/329 11. Marshall A. Industry and trade. URL: http://surl. li/mohuyw 12. Say J.–B. Traitå d’åconomie politique ou simple exposition de la maniåre dont se forment, se distribuent ou se consomment les richesses. – Paris: Calmann– Låvy, 1972. – 572 p. References: 1. Zhuravlova, T.V. (2015). Osoblyvosti pidpryyemnytskoyi diyalnosti v ahrarnomu sektori [Peculiarities of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector]. Naukovyy klub. Sektsiya 3. URL: http://surl.li/wbioqx 2. Levin K. Mezhi v hrupoviy dynamitsi: kontseptsiya, metod i realnist u sotsialnykh naukakh; sotsialna rivnovaha ta sotsialni zminy [Limits in group dynamics: concept, method and reality in the social sciences; social equilibrium and social change]. Lyudski stosunky, 1947. – 1. 5–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103 3. Lukashova L.V. Fasylitatsiya rozvytku maloho pidpryyemnytstva õ Facilitation of the development of small businesses¿. dys. ... d–ra ekon. nauk : 08.00.04, 2020. – Kyyiv. nats. torh.–ekon. un–t. – Kyyiv. 820 ð. 4. Malik M.Y., Shpykulyak O.M., Suprun O.M. (2017). Rozvytok pidpryyemnytskoyi diyalnosti v ahrarnomu sektori: makroekonomichnyy aspekt [Development of entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector: macroeconomic aspect]. Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu. Seriya Ekonomika. – Vypusk 1 (49). T.2. URL: https://salo.li/4136E42 5. Sayt kompaniyi Humantime. URL: http://humantime.com.ua/#team–wrap 6. Skyba M.V. (2014). Evolyutsiya naukovykh pohlyadiv zarubizhnykh vchenykh shchodo sutnosti ponyattya «pidpryyemets» [Evolution of scientific views of foreign scientists on the essence of the concept of «entrepreneur»]. Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid. – ¹ 12. P. 58–63 7. Smit A. Doslidzhennya pro pryrodu i prychyny bahat·stva narodiv [Studies on the nature and causes of the wealth of nations]. Perekl. z anh. O. Vasylyev, M. Mezhevikina, A. Malivskyy, 2018. – K.: «Nash format». 722 p. 8. Shumpeter Y. A. Teoriya ekonomichnoho rozvytku. Doslidzhennya prybutkiv, kapitalu, kredytu, vidsotka ta ekonomichnoho tsyklu [Theory of Economic Development. A Study of Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle]. / Yozef A. Shumpeter; per. z anhl. V. Starka. – 2–e vyd., dop. – Kyyiv : Vydavnychyy dim «Kyyevo–Mohylyans’ka akademiya», 2014. – 246 p. 9. Chapman R. (2011). Reflections on the history of professional process facilitation, 2011. – eO&P. URL: http://surl.li/mpstun 10. Clark J. B. The Distribution of Wealth: A Theory of Wages, Interest and Profits, 1908. – available at: http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/329 11. Marshall A. Industry and trade. URL: http://surl. li/mohuyw 12. Say J.–B. Traitå d’åconomie politique ou simple exposition de la maniåre dont se forment, se distribuent ou se consomment les richesses. – Paris: Calmann– Låvy, 1972. – 572 p. Äàí³ ïðî àâòîðà Ïîëêîâ ³êòîð Ñåðã³éîâè÷, àñï³ðàíò ÍÍÖ «²íñòèòóò àãðàðíî¿ åêîíîì³êè» ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009–0000–1475–1073 e–mail:[email protected] Data about the author Victor Polkov, postgraduate student of National Scientific Center «Institute of Agrarian Economics» e–mail:[email protected]