AI (and education) & the question of ethics

AI (and education) & the question of ethics Dr. Christian M. Stracke University of Bonn, Germany & European Research Institute eLC Invited Speech on 16th of September 2025 online at the ETF Club Teaching with AI: "Ethics and Explainable AI in Education" [email protected]e https://opening-up.education https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17123185 With Creative Commons Open License for saving, sharing & re-using slides "Attribution –Noncommercial –Share Alike 3.0" You can freely share, copy, distribute and transmit the work under the following conditions: 1. Attribution –2. Noncommercial –3. Share Alike Some rights reserved, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This presentation will be published on: https://opening-up.education 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 3 About myself Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED, University of Bonn Adjunct Professor, Korean National Open University Advisory Professor, East China Normal University Founder & Director, European Research Institute eLC 100+ research projects with 55+ Mio. € budgets 200+ scientific publications incl. 100+ peer-reviewed / SSCI Creative design & training for 15,000 teachers & 5,000 schools Elected Chair of ISO & CEN Standardization Committees Technology prediction 2023-2033 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 4 https://unctad.org/news/ai-market-projected-hit-48-trillion-2033-emerging-dominant-frontier-technology 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 5 https://www.visualcapitalist.com/charted-the-growth-of-big-tech-since-chatgpts-launch/ In 2024, the combined market capitalization of the five largest companies in the world—Apple, Nvidia, Microsoft, Amazon, and Google— climbed to around $15 trillion. The top five Big Tech firms account for roughly 25% of all U.S. equity value. Increasing power of Big Tech in 2024 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 6 Hypothesis 1 Artificial Intelligence changes more than COVID-19 and any other digital tool Ethics of AI 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 8 https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/02/global-googles-shameful-decision-to-reverse-its-ban-on-ai-for-weapons-and-surveillance-is-a-blow-for-human-rights/ Ban on AI for weapons removed 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 9 Time pressure Figure: Christian Bauckhage (University of Bonn) 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 16 AI&ED = AIED + AI Literacy AI use in Education (AIED) Education about AI (AI Literacy or EDAI) requires reflects 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 17 AI&ED Expert Group by CoE https://opening-up.education/artificial-intelligence-and-education 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 18 Council of Europe (CoE) Mandate by Ministries of Education: (26th session of their Standing Conference on 29th of September 2023) 1. International convention as binding law for AI in Education 2. Recommendation for AI Literacy https://opening-up.education/artificial-intelligence-and-education 19 Artificial Intelligence and education –through a CoE lens TUT-03 "Ethical AI and Education" Artificial Intelligence & Education: International Regulation for the Human Rights Workshop at AIED 2024 in Recife, Brazil http://aied2024.learning-innovations.eu https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12659055 Tuesday, 22nd of July 2025 in Palermo, Italy Ethical AI and Education: The need for international regulation to foster human rights, democracy and equity Workshop at AIED 2025 in Palermo, Italy https://aied2025.learning-innovations.eu Ethical AI&ED 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 23 Current challenges https://www.unicef.org/reports/unicef-75-preventing-a-lost-decade COVID-19 pandemic & lockdowns War in Ukraine & many countries Climate change, poverty, hunger And now, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is appearing and changing mindsets New Normal? 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 24 The Special Case of Education Education as human right SDG 4: "Quality Education for All" Equity, inclusion & mandatory school visit Learning cannot be forced https://opening-up.education/publications Photos: https://www.pixabay.com (345950) - https://www.pexels.com (207691) 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 25 AI&ED Evidences? Meta study on AI&ED evidences (2025): "Does ChatGPT enhance student learning? A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105224 And the Future of AI? Who has heard about Lavender? 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 32 https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/ And the Future of AI? SocialAI for Fake Chats Filter Bubbles by & for Yourself Deep Fakes not only by Media but also by Contacts Communication Crashdown 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 33 https://apps.apple.com/us/app/socialai-ai-social-network/id6670229993 And the Future AI & Society? In the (near?) future, there will be only 3-5 hyperscalers providing AI software and services Only Meta to spend hundreds of billions to build AI data centres 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 34 https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/software-ingenieur-mit-laptop-1181341/ And the Future AI & Society? Hyperscalers’ contracts with old & new nuclear power plants Meta: Prometheus in 2026 with 1 gigawatt (= size of Manhattan) Meta: Hyperion with 5 gigawatts (= footprint of Manhattan) 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 35 https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/landschaftsfotografie-der-fabrik-459728/ And the Future AI & Society? In the (near?) future, there will be only 3-5 hyperscalers providing AI software and services Hyperscalers are signing contracts with old and new nuclear power plants: Who gets what resources? 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 36 https://www.pexels.com/de-de/foto/gehen-madchen-jung-kind-13229632 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 37 And the Future AI&ED? https://tenor.com/de/view/ai-bot-chatgpt-artificial-chat-gpt-gif-282704938762721238 - https://apps.microsoft.com/detail/9wzdncrd29v9?hl=en-US&gl=US 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 38 Hypothesis 3 AI and Education have to focus much stronger ethics, democracy and our social future and society 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 39 3rd AI&ED Working Conference Council of Europe, 7th and 8th of October 2025 https://opening-up.education Network "Ethical use of AI" European Community for Ethical AI&ED https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Our networks 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 40 Networks "Ethical Use of AI" German Network since March 2023: https://ethischeki.ecompetence.eu European Network since AIED 2023: https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu Monthly meetings for collaboration: Everybody is most welcome! 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 41 Network "Ethical Use of AI" "Ethical Use of AI in Higher Education –a Handout" for university teachers (Version 1.1 from 18th of July 2024) •10 statements (1 page) and FAQ list with answers (4 pages), both revised and updated https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 48 References Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., ..., & Jandrić, P. (2023). Speculative Futures on ChatGPT and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Collective Reflection from the Educational Landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53-130. https://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/709/394 Stracke, C. M., Bozkurt, A., McGreal, R., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2022). Open Educational Resources and their global needs, benefits and practices: The call for a future research agenda. IEEE Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology. https://tc.computer.org/tclt/10-1109-proofread-2022-03007 [ESCI] Tlili, A., Burgos, D., Stracke, C. M., Mason, J., Denden, M., Altinay, F., & Nascimbeni, F. (2022). Impact of personality on educator attitudes towards open educational resources. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(4), 444–465. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2022.14.023 [SSCI, Open Access] 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 49 References Stracke, C. M., Burgos, D., Santos-Hermosa, G., Bozkurt, A., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Responding to the initial challenge of COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of international responses and impact in school and higher education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031876 [SSCI, Open Access] Awarded by the National Institute for Digital Learning (Ireland) as Global Top 10 COVID-19 research in 2022! Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Santos-Hermosa, G., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on formal education: An international review on practices and potentials of Open Education at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120 [SSCI, Open Access] 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 50 References Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Burgos, D., Bozkurt, A., Karakaya, Ö., Ossiannilsson, E., Mason, J., Nerantzi, C., Agbu, J.-F., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Shon, J. G., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Farrow, R., Wan, M., Santos-Hermosa, G., & Conole, G. (2021). How COVID-19 has an impact on formal education: A collective international evaluation of open education in distance learning. Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI) (pp. 4270-4275). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5764585 Truong, V., Denison, T., & Stracke, C. M. (2021). Developing institutional Open Educational Resource repositories in Vietnam: Opportunities and challenges. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(4), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.5582 [SSCI, Open Access] Stracke, C. M., & Skuballa, I. (2021). Using, analysing and evaluating eye-tracking at different educational levels: Towards an evaluation framework for impact assessment. TEM JOURNAL - Technology, Education, Management, Informatics, 10(2), 483-487. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM102-01 [ESCI, Open Access] 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 51 References Stracke, C. M., & Trisolini, G. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on the Quality of MOOCs. Sustainability, 13(11), 5817. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115817 [SSCI, Open Access] Holubinka, K., Stracke, C. M., Forsman, P., & Juutinen, S. (2021). Virtual Internationalization in Higher Education: Design Reflections and Lessons Learned. Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung (ZfHE), 16(2), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.3217/zfhe-16-02/03 [Open Access] Stracke, C. M., van Dijk, G., Fasen, J., Lisdat, F., & Simoens, W. (2020). A Holistic Pedagogical Model for STEM learning and education inside and outside the classroom. In P. Zaphiris & A. Ioannou (Eds.): Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Designing, Developing and Deploying Learning Experiences. LCT 2020, Part I, HCII 2020, LNCS 12205 (pp. 568–581). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50513-4_41 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 52 References Stracke, C. M. (2020). Open Science and Radical Solutions for Diversity, Equity and Quality in Research: A Literature Review of Different Research Schools, Philosophies and Frameworks and Their Potential Impact on Science and Education. In D. Burgos (Ed.), Radical Solutions and Open Science. An Open Approach to Boost Higher Education. Lecture Notes in Educational Technology (pp. 17-37). Springer: Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4276-3_2 [Open Access] Stracke, C. M., Downes, S., Conole, G., Burgos, D., & Nascimbeni, F. (2019). Are MOOCs Open Educational Resources? A literature review on history, definitions and typologies of OER and MOOCs. Open Praxis, 11(4), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.11.4.1010 [ESCI, Open Access] Stracke, C. M. (2019). Quality Frameworks and Learning Design for Open Education. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 20(2), 180-203. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i2.4213 [SSCI, Open Access] and many more, all are openly and freely available at: http://www.opening-up.education Let us cooperate! [email protected] @christianm.stracke9671 @[email protected] https://www.linkedin.com/in/christian-m-stracke www.opening-up.education 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 53 16th of September 2025 AI (and education) & the question of ethics (ETF Club Teaching with AI) - Christian M. Stracke 54 Thank you for your attention! Dr. Christian M. Stracke Coordinator Cloud Strategy, OE and AI&ED Research [email protected] www.hrz.uni-bonn.de www.opening-up.education Interested? What are your questions? www.opening-up.education Opening up Education for All! © Sabine Dertinger