THE TYPES OF CHRONOTOPE IN ERKIN VOKHIDOV'S EPICS

Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AJMDR) Vol. 2 Issue 8, November 2025 www.ajmdr.com IF: 9.2 84 THE TYPES OF CHRONOTOPE IN ERKIN VOKHIDOV’S EPICS Yuldasheva Halima Muxitdinovna , PhD, researcher at Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, E-mail: [email protected] tel: +998916989265 Annotation The article analyzes the literary and aesthetic features of chronotope forms, one of the current problems of literary criticism. The following priorities in the field of the chronotope category in world literature: literary and aesthetic essence and theoretical principles, evolution, modification of types and genres, influence on the architecture of a work of art. The chronotope serves to describe the relationship between the world and man, fully experience the depths of the hero's emotional experiences, express the writer's artistic and ideological purpose, and reveal the content and form of the work. Keywords: chronotope, literary time, literary space, real, social, psychological, national, fantastic chronotope. INTRODUCTION. In world literary studies, many studies have been conducted on the concepts of space and time and their functions in a work of art. Literary critic M. Bakhtin, analyzing the concept of chronotope, which is one of the important elements of a work of art, defines it as follows: “We call the harmony between time and space, artistically perceived in literature, chronotope. This term is used in mathematics on the basis of Einstein’s theory of relativity. The term has no significance for us as a special concept used in mathematics. We accept it as a metaphor for literary studies (although not in the literal sense). What is important here is that the term expresses time and space in a harmonious state.” [Bakhtin, 1975: 234-235]. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AJMDR) Vol. 2 Issue 8, November 2025 www.ajmdr.com IF: 9.2 85 LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODS. Prof., who conducted extensive research in this area in Uzbek literary studies, U.Jurakulov, in his treatise on the analysis of A.Qodiriy’s novel “Bygone Days,” writes, “one of the most important and novel aspects for the world of novels is the chronotope system of the novel. We cannot fully understand the merits, plot, and essence of any literary genre without this theoretical concept.” [Jurakulov U. 2015, 200]. In this sense, it can be said that the chronotope, a necessary concept for the merits, plot, and essence of any literary genre, as envisaged by the scientist, is of great importance in revealing the ideological and artistic characteristics of the epic poem “Nido,” one of the famous works of the famous Uzbek poet Erkin Vohidov, which we have taken as the object of our research. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Chronotope plays an important role in describing the relationship between existence and the person in it, in deeply feeling the most subtle aspects of the experiences, suffering, and mental landscapes in the minds of the heroes, in reflecting the author's artistic and ideological purpose, and in revealing the content of the work. It determines the peculiarities of the creative style, reflects the national way of thinking, and strengthens the internal consistency of the work. It is understood that the categories of time and space perform a generalizing function, ensuring the logic of events in a single whole. The following system of chronotopes can be observed in the epic: Chronotope of space - from the bosom of the mountains, Mother Earth, to my throat, to the painful world, before my eyes, like from a village street; Chronotope of time - one minute, once, twenty years, years, night, at dawn, for now, one breath, 44th year, September morning, for the first time, like the day when the letter was delivered. Real chronotope. In the epics of Erkin Vohidov, the real chronotope plays a great role in ensuring the vitality and believability of reality. The events recorded in the epic are moved in various situations through the method of retrospection (referring to the past). The boy, remembering the sacred word FATHER, which has not been Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AJMDR) Vol. 2 Issue 8, November 2025 www.ajmdr.com IF: 9.2 86 spoken for twenty years, and has been kept in his heart for twenty years, “with his body as a piece of paper”, flies in the sky of imagination, communicates with the soul of his beloved person, whom he “has never lost or found”, and buries him in endless questions. At the very beginning of the epic, the poet gives a good reason for the title of the work. The thirst for FATHER’S LOVE, which has become the harmony of the dry heart, is caused by the sound coming from the majestic mountains, the cry “My son!” heard from the depths of MOTHER EARTH. This cry takes the author’s imagination back to his childhood 20 years ago. The years of the terrible event of the 20th century - the Second World War - coincided with the innocent period of the poet's life. The fact that the infamous war left lifelong wounds in the innocent heart of a boy who was playing with a swing, "only now turning five to six", is reflected in the painful questions in each verse. The scene of the war that brought horror to humanity comes to life before the reader's eyes: "heavy steps", "the sound of boots", "trembling earth"... The boy, who had not uttered the word "father" for twenty years, but kept it in his heart, enters into a mental relationship to restore in his mind the happy moments spent with his beloved man. Vujudimni chulg‘ar alanga, Bo‘g‘zimga tiqilar hayajon. - Mana, men o‘g‘lingiz, Dardli olamga Sizdan tanho yodgor, So‘ylang, otajon! The real chronotope serves to systematize the events and different times and places scattered in the artistic world of the creator's imagination. The hero's memories and observations expand the chronotope area. The mother's high feelings of trust in the father, who "fights not only for Uzbeks or Russians, but for the whole Earth - for all the generations on it, for the most blessed faith in the world," and at the same time, in the image of the father in the child's imagination, merge with the image of Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AJMDR) Vol. 2 Issue 8, November 2025 www.ajmdr.com IF: 9.2 87 the father in the image of the father in the child's imagination. The real chronotope forms a strong drama in harmony with the author's inner movement. In the epic poem "Nido", the system of events develops through the tormented questions and dream episodes of the main character - the CHILD. Through the chronotope of dreams, the pitiful state of the little ones deprived of their father's love, the fact that the tyrants in human form are heading for abasement and perdition, and the fact that no society or community recognizes them for their own benefit, made it possible to expand the poetic possibilities of the work, and to open up new aesthetic aspects in the verses expressing that "this wounded, crippled world seeks revenge" for the innocent hero of Erkin Vohidov - "a child as black as a black man running along the village street." "The creativity of the creator is also that in his eyes, even dreams have their own color. He can also see the shapes and forms of dreams. The most amazing thing is that the colors of dreams and dreams are so diverse that their variety is even equal to the number of people on earth," [Jabborov. 2015: 29]. writes the literary scholar, professor N.Jabborov. In this sense, through the dream of the hero of the epic, the author artistically depicts his dreams, delicate feelings, longings and sufferings, which are not from the depths of his soul, but from the depths of his mind. While in romantic works the dream episode served to make the heroes aware of some event, in realistic literature it serves to illuminate the inner world and experiences of the heroes, and as a means of creating a complex mental state in the content of the work of art, it psychologically substantiates the dreams and fantasies of the heroes. - Ana, ko’ryapsanmi? - Mening dadamlar! Dada!!! Ovozim hech chiqmaydi biroq, Yuguraman – ortga ketar qadamlar. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AJMDR) Vol. 2 Issue 8, November 2025 www.ajmdr.com IF: 9.2 88 Yig’layman – ko’zimga kelmaydi namlar, Murg’ak vujudimda faqat zo’r titroq! Bo’g’zimda alamlar, Achchiq alamlar, Yo’lning o’rtasida turibman, Shu choq – Poyezd qichqiradi, To’xtang, odamlar! Qayga ketmoqdasiz? Qani dadamlar?! Tepamda yonadi zangori chiroq… The psychological chronotope is artistically expressed in the poetic lines of the epic through the heartache of a man with sparkling eyes but a body that is completely innocent. In a literary work, the dream episode is a device of great artistic significance. The painful longings and bitter sorrows of the hero are soothed by the soothing caresses and loving caresses of the Mother: Orom ol, men senga Allalar aytay. Tongda peshonangdan O’pib uyg’otay. CONCLUSION. In conclusion, a work of art that appears as a reflection of social relations is an expression of events that take place in a certain time and space. Chronotope, as a literary and aesthetic category, affects the entire literary and artistic system: the plot of the work, its characters. Therefore, an in-depth study of this issue, artistic and scientific analysis, is important in determining the main features of the discipline of literary criticism. REFERENCES. 1. Baxtin M. Romanda zamon va xronotop shakllari. –Toshkent: “Akademnashr”, 2015.–B.43-44. 2. Boboev T. Adabiyotshunoslik asoslari. Toshkent., 2002. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (AJMDR) Vol. 2 Issue 8, November 2025 www.ajmdr.com IF: 9.2 89 3. N.Jabborov. Zamon.Mezon.She’riyat. –Toshkent: G’.G’ulom nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2015. –B. 4. Jo’raqulov U. Nazariy poetika masalalari. G’.Gulom nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijoduy uyi. Toshkent. 2015, 200-bet 5. To‘rayeva B. Xronotop shakllari olam tasvirini qayta yaratish vositasi sifatida. Scientific-methodological electronic journal “Foreign Languages in Uzbekistan”, 2022, No 1 (42),146-168 https://journal.fledu.uz ISSN: 2181-8215 (online)