EUPHEMISMS AND VERBAL ETIQUETTE IN ENGLISH AS A MEANS OF LANGUAGE-BASED MORAL EDUCATION

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTERNATIONAL AND HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS”, OCTOBER 30-31, 2025 221 EUPHEMISMS AND VERBAL ETIQUETTE IN ENGLISH AS A MEANS OF LANGUAGE-BASED MORAL EDUCATION Yahyoyeva Mohinabonu Teacher of Turon Zarmed University https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17564183 Annotation. This thesis shows what is euphemism, its examples, using of it in English language, types and other features of euphemism. In this thesis is given negative and positive euphemism, the way of happening in language and etymology of euphemism. Key words: euphemism, type, various, taboo, translation, bad, meaning. A euphemism is an terrific expression used in the location of a phrase or phrases that may additionally be discovered inappropriate or offensive. Euphemisms are many times used in day by day language and literature to exchange language that some may also discover displeasing. In other words, euphemism is “ a good way to talk about bad things” 1 Euphemistic language is often times used in literature, especially older works, as a way to convey a message except risking the chance of it being barred to censorship for crude language. For examples: “Passed away” instead of “died”; “Let go” instead of “fired” 2 A euphemism is an innocuous word or expression used in area of one that is deemed offensive or suggests some thing unpleasant. Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the consumer needs to downplay. Euphemisms can also be used to masks profanity or refer to topics some consider taboo such as disability, excretion, or loss of life in a polite way. Reasons for the usage of euphemisms range by using context and intent. Commonly, euphemisms are used to avoid without delay addressing topics that would possibly be deemed terrible or embarrassing, e.g. death, excretory bodily functions. They may be created for innocent, well-intentioned purposes or nefariously and cynically, intentionally to deceive and confuse. Reasons are given in below: 1. Phonetic euphemism is used to replace profanities, diminishing their intensity. Modifications include: Shortening or "clipping" the term, such as Jeez (Jesus) and what the— ("what the hell"”) 3 2. Specifically in past conservative time periods, euphemisms were commonly used in everyday conversations to avoid offensive or even taboo language. Examples like “making love,” “the birds and the bees,” and “going all the way” 3. Character traits. When a specific personality in a film or in literature uses a euphemism, one can collect that the persona is alternatively conservative or aware of using inappropriate language. The choice to say the inoffensive version of the sentence is a direct manifestation of their characterization. 1 https://smartblogger.com/euphemism-examples/ 2 https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-euphemism-definition/ 3 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTERNATIONAL AND HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS”, OCTOBER 30-31, 2025 222 4. Substitution. Pleasant, positive, worthy, neutral, or nondescript terms are substituted for explicit or unpleasant ones, with many substituted terms deliberately coined by sociopolitical progressive movements, cynically by planned marketing, public relations, or advertising initiatives, including: "meat packing company" for "slaughter-house" (avoids entirely the subject of killing); "natural issue" or "love child" for "bastard"; "let go" for "fired" or "dismissed" (implies a generosity on the part of the employer in allowing employee to depart). 4 5. Understatement. Euphemisms formed from understatements include: asleep for dead and drinking for consuming alcohol. "Tired and emotional" is a notorious British euphemism for "drunk", one of many recurring jokes popularised by the satirical magazine Private Eye; it has been used by MPs to avoid unparliamentary language. 6. Establish time period. Euphemisms often alternate or are greater or less apparent depending on a story’s time period. If a novel, film, or tv exhibit is taking area within a particular time, euphemism can be used to painting the vernacular of the time period. In addition to what has been mentioned above, euphemism is divided into two general types: positive and negative. The positive euphemisms inflate and magnify, making the euphemized items appear grander or more important than they really are. They also include many occupational titles that can be used to protect or save worker's egos by elevating their. Job status such as "access controller" instead of "doorman". Other kinds of positive euphemisms include imposing job titles adopted to bolster one's self-image or impress one's friends and acquaintances. Examples of these include 'counsel' in place of 'lawyer', 'health care professional' for 'nurse' or 'doctor', 'chief executive officer' instead of 'president' or 'chairman of the board', and 'territory manager' instead of 'salesman'. 5 The negative euphemisms deflates and diminishes. It is defensive in nature, offsetting the power of tabooed terms and otherwise eradicating from the language everything that people prefer not to deal with directly. Thus negative euphemisms replace language that people prefer to avoid using. Examples include 'harvesting‘ in place of 'killing‘, 'collateral damage' instead of "civilian causalities" or 'deaths'. 6 Many euphemisms, whether positive or negative, can be used consciously and unconsciously. In many social circumstances, euphemisms can be used to avoid embarrassment or to protect another's ego. In conclusion, we can say euphemism is a way to replace bad words to good ones. So to grasp its real meaning, reader or learner should know about the culture, history of target country, and attitudes of people toward each other. USED LITERATURE: 1. Hashim Alhussaini "Euphemism in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study" February 2007 2. https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-euphemism-definition/ 3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism 4. https://smartblogger.com/euphemism-examples/ 4 https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-euphemism-definition/ 5 Hashim Alhussaini "Euphemism in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study" February 2007 6 Hashim Alhussaini "Euphemism in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study" February 2007