THE PATH OF REFLECTION OF REALISTIC ARTISTIC DEPICTION IN WORKS OF ART

JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 18, issue 02, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431 www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIY METODIK JURNAL Ulduz Farhad Kahramanova Doctor of Philosophy in Philology Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University Acting Associate Professor at the Department of “Literature” THE PATH OF REFLECTION OF REALISTIC ARTISTIC DEPICTION IN WORKS OF ART Annotation: The article analyzes the theoretical issues of the realistic reflection method. Also, the historical development path of the realistic reflection method was brought to the level of analysis by the researcher. The researcher also clarified the fact that the reflection methods followed each other throughout history, and the boundaries of realistic and romantic reflection. Keywords: reflection path, realistic reflection, romantic reflection, historical stages of realistic reflection Abstract:Realistic reflection is the most perfect and basic artistic reflection method in art and literature. The term “realist” in Latin means “real, material, as it is”, “something real”. Realistic reflection is one of the main methods and writes the truth. In the 19th century, the term realistic arose after the creation of the “Realist School” association in France and the publication of the journal “Realism” in the 40s-50s of that century, which gave rise to critical realism. The realistic method also raised the creativity of Russian and Western artists to a high level in the 19th century. The realistic literary method is based on the truths of life, on the principles of showing life as it is. The goal of realistic reflection is to reveal and show it as it is in life, in all its complexity, in all its aspects. The realistic method reflects not the random aspects of life, but the main typical, characteristic aspects. Therefore, a true, realistic artistic depiction is as real and convincing as life itself. And it reflects typical events, human relationships and characters, the essence, main purpose, main content of life. The realistic way of reflection is based on the principle of depicting life as it is, that is, realistically. However, realism does not consist in depicting everything as it is. A realistic writer should not reflect all the events that occur, but rather select and reflect those that create the basis for the idea of   the characteristic work and the author's literary creative approach. Keywords:path of decline, realistic decline, romantic decline, historical stages of realistic decline According to literary critics, even if we consider Nizami, Fuzuli and others to be romantic or realistic poets, in reality they did not know what the romantic or realistic method consisted of, and did not have any information about the aesthetic principles of these literary methods. Artists mainly reflect life events with either romantic or realistic lines. The presence of romantic elements in realistic works and realistic elements in romantic works shows that in fact there is no need to build a Chinese Wall between these literary methods. The main hero of both romantic and realistic works is a person. It is impossible to imagine the human character, which is the JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 18, issue 02, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431 www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIY METODIK JURNAL driving force of events, without romance. In other words, no matter how real a person or businessman he is, it is a natural process for him to delve into dreams and enjoy sweet dreams. Romantics and realists always appear in unity with each other, in a common way. In the work of great artists, the realistic method and the romantic method appear in a combined and intersecting way. So, realistic and romantic elements are intertwined in a person's character. This duality is the double wings of a human character. However, there are people whose character is romantic, and there are people whose character is dominated by realistic aspects. This is also the case with works of art. Works with a strong romantic psychological climate are called romantic, and works with realistic features in the foreground are called realistic works. If the source of realism is life, then the source of romanticism is the imagination of the artist. In romantic works, subjective considerations are more pronounced. It is impossible to find a work that fits only into the romantic or realistic framework. Because it is not so much a problem to find realistic images in romantic works, and romantic pathos in realistic works. Sometimes we come across such works that it is difficult to determine in which literary method they were written. It is known that in the romantic method, the subjective position of the artist is leading. Therefore, the artist listens more to the voice of the heart. In the realistic method, the writer should be based on the logic of the development of social processes in life. A romantic writer tries to show life as he wants to see it, while a realist writer tries to show it as it is. In fact, neither realists (M.A. Sabir, J. Mammadguluzadeh) nor romanticists (H. Javid, A. Javad) were reconciled with real life. However, unlike romantics, realists did not depict the existing life as they wanted to see it, but precisely in all its ugliness. Romantics, on the other hand, tried to show life as they desired. Realists, on the other hand, aimed to arouse hatred for this society in people by drawing all the vices of the existing society into the center of artistic depiction. So, although the methods of struggle of realists and romantics differed, in fact the goal was the same. Realistic inversion is the most perfect and basic method of artistic inversion in art and literature. The term “realist” in Latin means “real, material, as it is”, “something real”. Realistic inversion is one of the basic methods and writes the truth. In the 19th century, the term realist was coined after the creation of the “Realist School” association in France and the publication of the journal “Realism” in the 1940s and 1950s, giving rise to critical realism. The realistic method also reached a high level in the 19th century in the creativity of Russian and Western artists. The realistic literary method is based on the truths of life, on the principles of showing life as it is. The goal of realistic depiction is to reveal and show it as it is in life, in all its complexity. The realistic method reflects not the random aspects of life, but the main typical, characteristic aspects. Therefore, a true, realistic artistic depiction is as true and convincing as life itself. And it reflects typical events, human relationships and characters, the essence, main purpose, main content of life. So, the realistic way of reflection is based on the principle of depicting life as it is, that is, realistically. However, realism does not consist of describing everything as it is. A realistic writer should not reflect all the events that occur, but rather select and reflect those events that create the basis for the idea of   a characteristic work, the author's literary creative approach. F. Engels gives the following definition of the realistic method: "Realism means creating typical characters in typical conditions while correctly showing all the details." So, the main requirement of the realistic method is that the writer, along with describing events as they are, creates typical characters in typical conditions. JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 18, issue 02, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431 www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIY METODIK JURNAL The historical development path of the realistic method in Azerbaijani literary criticism is divided into 4 parts: 1. Humanist realist method 3. Critical realist method 2. Enlightenment realist method 4. Socialist realist method 1. Humanist realist method: It is an early realist method. This early realistic method in Azerbaijani literature emerged during the Renaissance and showed itself until the time of the classics who lived until the 18th century (with the exception of the works of M. P. Vagif, M. V. Vidadi). That is: the works of Nizami, Mahseti are a clear example of this. 2. Enlightenment realist method: It is a method that emerged in a period when the ideas of enlightenment arose all over the world. This method, which began to function in Azerbaijani literature in connection with the enlightenment movement, reached perfection in Azerbaijani literature with the works of M. F. Akhundov. 3. Critical realist method: It is known that after the Fuzuli stage, a new era begins in Azerbaijani literature. That is, lyric poetry begins to approach the reality of life. This aspect is also very clearly observed in the works of M. P. Vagif. Therefore, Vagif is known as the first realistic poet in Azerbaijani literature. For example: in M. P. Vagif's poems "Bayram oldu" and "Bakh", he takes real details as a basis when describing the miserable lifestyle and hard life of a person. As if in words, he creates a certain picture of the life of the Azerbaijani peasant. Literary critics call the M.P. Vagif period the initial, spectator realist method in Azerbaijani literature. In my opinion, M.P. Vagif's poems of this type allow us to say with confidence that the critical realist method in Azerbaijani literature began to sprout not in the 19th century, but precisely in the 18th century. Because the creativity of M.P. Vagif and M.V. Vidadi allows us to say this. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the critical realist method reached its peak in the creativity of M.F. Akhundov, Jalil Mammadguluzade and Mirza Alakbar Sabir. 4. Socialist realist method: This method was a creative method formed based on the principles of socialist ideology, referring to the works created during the Soviet era. The principles of the socialist realist method were built on the pathos of propaganda and affirmation of socialism. This pathos is to respond to the party's policy and to freely show revolutionary development. This slogan was the basis of artistic creativity until the collapse of the Soviet Union. This method originated in Russia, and artists of different nations were forced to show it in a ready-made form from Russian literature. However, works of art written with high craftsmanship and artistry won over the ideology of party affiliation. The main features of the socialist realist method were first reflected in Maxim Gorky's novel "Mother". As can be seen, these methods have replaced each other throughout history. Among them, with the exception of socialist realism, which arose from the ideology of the period, other methods that replaced each other throughout history have been the main goal and task facing the realistic artist based on the broad life scenes of the people, the fate of man, his attitude to nature and society. So, the realistic method is the most powerful method of artistic perception and description. Realistic description is also related to typification. As can be seen, the realistic method is a method that embodies the artist's realistic attitude to reality and its real historical development, as well as through artistic means. In Azerbaijani literature, the realistic method is associated with JOURNAL OF IQRO – ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО – IQRO JURNALI – volume 18, issue 02, 2025 ISSN: 2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR ( RESEARCH BIB ) – 7,245, SJIF – 5,431 www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIY METODIK JURNAL the names of M.F. Akhundov, N. Vezirov, G. Zakir, A. Hakverdiyev, J. Mammadguluzadeh, M.A. Sabir and others. A realistic work requires that each image speak a language appropriate to its level. The author uses language materials in the process of individualizing the image. This also results in individualizing the image. In realistic works, convention is almost eliminated. However, since the beginning of the 20th century, artistic convention has been widely used in the realistic method of depiction. At this time, artistic convention begins to manifest itself at the level of stylistic tendency. The realistic method is a method that reflects the artistic image without embellishment or smoothness. Because realism is an objective reflection of existence. Since realism is based on the principle of loyalty to the truth of life, it requires an objective approach to each event. The realistic reflection method is a specific form of manifestation of life as it is, with its typical tendencies. The realistic method is based on the principle of reflecting typical events in typical circumstances. All areas of social life, representatives of classes and strata are depicted in realistic works. Realistic writers descend to the commonplaces of life and everyday life in terms of subject matter, and set themselves the goal of depicting everyday needs. Literature: 1. Khalid Alimirzayev, (2008) “Scientific-theoretical foundations of literary criticism”, Baku 2. Mir Jalal, Panah Khalilov, (2005) “Fundamentals of literary criticism”, Baku, Chasıoğlu 3. Mammad Aliyev, (2012) “Fundamentals of literary theory”, Baku 4. Mahammadali Mustafayev, (2021) Literary theory, Baku 5. Nizaməddin Shamsizadeh, (2012) “Literary theory”, Baku 6. Najafova Bika Aliyulla gizi, (2022), The problem of historicity and modernity in Azerbaijani literary criticism (in prose of the 1960s-1980s), Baku, dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 7. Rafik Yusifoglu, (2001) "Fundamentals of Literary Studies", Baku