Cultural Elements of the Tamils
Abstract
The poet of Namakkal identified Tamils by saying, “There is a race called Tamil and it has its own unique character.” Tamil and Tamils have a pride that no other race or language has. The reason is that the cultural footprints of the Tamils, who taught humanity how not to live rather than how to live, still leave their mark all over the world today. This means that lofty thoughts and ideas have been sown in the sandy soil of society. Plants and vines only flourish in cultivated soil. Similarly, the Tamil nation has aught this nation that if this society is to be civilized, it must have good culture.
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http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 75 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research Cultural Elements of the Tamils Dr. A. Ponnammal Associate Professor, Department of Tamil S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil Abstract The poet of Namakkal identified Tamils by saying, “There is a race called Tamil and it has its own unique character.” Tamil and Tamils have a pride that no other race or language has. The reason is that the cultural footprints of the Tamils, who taught humanity how not to live rather than how to live, still leave their mark all over the world today. This means that lofty thoughts and ideas have been sown in the sandy soil of society. Plants and vines only flourish in cultivated soil. Similarly, the Tamil nation has taught this nation that if this society is to be civilized, it must have good culture. References 1. Mu. Jeyamani, Assistant Professor – Tamil Cultural Arts. 2. Ramasamy – Research Articles on Culture, Tamil College, Karaikudi. 3. Nagarasan, S. (Editor) – Tamil Culture in World Countries, Tamil University, Thanjavur. ©»º: 10 ]Ó¨¤uÌ: 1 ©õu®: AU@hõ£º Á¸h®: 2025 P-ISSN: 2454-3993 E-ISSN: 2582-2810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.17346653
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