Full text
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 203 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research “Language and Environment” in Contemporary Tamil Selvi K. Joshiba Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Tamil Studies Lady Doak College, Madurai Dr. G.S. Jemima Jayapriya Associate Professor, Department of Tamil Studies Lady Doak College, Madurai Abstract Today, the environment in India has become severely degraded, described metaphorically as turning into a “garbage bin” (as noted by Maamach Sandhiguha, Environmental Studies in Tamil, P.18). The world has been largely affected by environmental degradation, and despite international conferences aiming to devise plans to prevent and mitigate environmental damage, human society continues to exert dominance over nature. Many environmentalists and concerned individuals are striving to protect ecosystems from human-caused destruction. Natural resources are meant for the use of all living beings, and their benefits should be utilized responsibly rather than being depleted or misused. Unfortunately, society has largely forgotten this principle. Even organisms that once roamed freely in forests now struggle to survive, highlighting the urgent need for faster, more decisive conservation efforts. The extinction of species serves as a warning of global collapse. Evidence shows the planet’s atmosphere is polluted, rivers are drying up, groundwater levels are declining, and forests are disappearing. Overall, environmental degradation today is more severe than ever. All five elements and all forms of life are being adversely affected. However, environmental destruction also impacts language. Linguists and environmentalists note that just as ecosystems degrade, the richness of language can also decline. Language flourishes when new words are adopted and revitalized; conversely, when words disappear from usage, the language itself begins to decay over time. Scholars observe a direct correlation: environmental destruction contributes to language loss. This study examines how environmental degradation can accelerate the erosion of language and emphasizes the interconnectedness of ecological and linguistic preservation. Keywords: Environment, Ecological Crisis, Conservation Efforts, Language Loss References 1. Asokan, K. (2016). The Hindu (Tamil), 29/05/2016 2. Ainganesan, P. (2010). Seventh Estate, Colombo 3. Nakkeeman (2022). Tamil: An Environmental Linguistic Study, Kaadodi Publications, Nannilam 4. Maamach Sandhiguha (2018). Environmental Studies in Tamil: A Comprehensive View, Edhir Publications 5. Web Reference: https://example.com/9492781 (Accessed 17/01/2017) ©»º: 10 ]Ó¨¤uÌ: 1 ©õu®: AU@hõ£º Á¸h®: 2025 P-ISSN: 2454-3993 E-ISSN: 2582-2810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.17346726
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 204 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ \©Põ»z uªÇõ#ÂÀ “ö©õȲ® `Ǿ®” ö\À Q. ÷áõæ£õ •øÚÁº£mh B#Áõͺ, uªÌ E¯µõ#Ä |kÁ® ÷hõU ö£¸©õmi PÀ¿›, ©xøµ •øÚÁº ã._. ö᪩õ öᯨ¤›¯õ Cøn¨ ÷£µõ]›¯º, uªÌE¯µõ#Ä |kÁ® ÷hõU ö£¸©õmi PÀ¿›, ©xøµ B#Äa_¸UP® CßøÓUS C¢v¯õ, _ØÖa`Çø»¨ ö£õÖzuÁøµ S¨ø£z öuõmi¯õP ©õÔ²ÒÍx (µõ©a\¢vµSíõ, _ØÖa`Ǽ¯À E»P® uʯ Áµ»õÖ, uªÈÀ: ö£õß. ]ßÚzu®¤ •¸÷P\ß, £.18) GßÝ® µõ©a \¢vµSíõÂß P¸zx¨£i, E»P® ªP¨ ÷£µÍÂÀ _ØÖa`ÇÀ ^º÷PmiÚõÀ £õv¨£øh¢xÒÍx. _ØÖa`ÇÀ ^º÷PkPøÍa ^º£kzxÁuØPõÚ •ßöÚk¨¦PøÍ Âøµ¢x ö\¯À£kzxÁuØPõÚ ö\¯Àvmh[PøÍ ÁS¨£uØS¨ £ßÚõmk ©õ|õkPÒ £» |øhö£Ö® AÍÂØS ©Ûu \‰P® C¯ØøP°ß «x BvUP® ö\¾zv Á¸QÓx. _ØÖa`ÇØ ^µÈøÁz ukzx, ©ÛuµõÀ HØ£k® Aȼ¸¢x `Çø»¨ £õxPõ¨£uØPõPa `ÇÀ|» AUPøÓ²øh÷¯õº £»º £À÷ÁÖ •¯Ø]PøÍ ÷©ØöPõsk Á¸QßÓÚº. C¯ØøP°ß ÁÍ[PÒ AøÚzx® AøÚzx- °ºPÎß £¯ß£õmkUS® E›¯øÁ. C¯ØøP AÎUS® |ßø©PøÍz ÷uøÁUS¨ £¯ß£kzvU öPõÒÍ»õ÷© Jȯ, £õÌ£kzuU Thõx Gߣøu ©Ûu \‰P® CßøÓUS ©Ó¢v¸UQÓx. Ps£õºøÁUSÒ _ØÔzv›¢u E°›Ú[PÒ Th, PõÚPzvß öÁSöuõø»ÂØS Emö\ßÖ ÷uiÚõ¾® Põs£uØP›¯Ú ÁõQÂmhÚ. AÈÂß Âή¤¼¸US® E°›Ú[PøÍU Põ¨£uØPõÚ |hÁiUøPPøÍ Aµ_® ußÚõºÁ»ºPЮ •ßöÚkzuõ¾®, CßÝ® x›u©õPa ö\¯»õØÓ ÷Ási¯ ö|¸UPi {ø»ø¯ A¸QÁ¸® E°›Ú[PÒ AÔÄÖzxQßÓÚ. E°›Ú[PÎß AÈÄ, E»P AÈÂØPõÚ AøÓTÁÀ Gߣøua \‰P® Enµ ÷Ásk®. E»P® •ÊÁx® ÁΩsh»® ©õ\øh¢xÒÍx; |vPÒ£¯ÛÇ¢x Põn¨£kQßÓÚ; {»zui }º©mh® öuõhº¢x SøÓ¢x Á¸QÓx; PõkPÒPõnõ©À ÷£õQßÓÚ; ö©õzuzvÀ _ØÖa`ÇÀ •ßöÚ¨÷£õøuU Põmi¾® ÷£µÍÂÀ £õvUP¨£mkÒÍx. _ØÖa`ÇÀ ^º÷PmhõÀ £g\§u[PЮ AøÚzx°ºPЮ £õv¨¦USÒÍõQ Á¸QßÓÚ Gߣx |õ® AÔ¢ux uõß. BÚõÀ, Axö©õ顧 AÈÂØS® Áõ#UPõÀ Aø©zv¸UQÓx Gߣx Avºa]u¸® Esø© GßQÓ ö\#vø¯a `Ǽ¯»õͺPÒ £vÄ ö\#u Ásn® EÒÍÚº. ö\õÀÁÍ® uõß ö©õ顧 ÁÍ®. Põ»©õØÓzvØ÷PØ£¨ ¦v¯ ö\õØPÒ ö©õÈUSÒ ¦S¢x, ö©õÈø¯¨ ¦x¨¤zx¨ ¦zx°º¨÷£õk C¯UQÚõÀ uõß G¢uöÁõ¸ ö©õȲ® }izx {ø»zv¸UP •i²®. J¸ö©õȰÀ ¦ÇUPzv¼¸US® ö\õØPÒ ©øÓ¯z öuõh[QÚõÀ, Põ»÷ÁõmhzvÀ ö©õȲ® ©øÓ¢x® ©Ó¢x® ÷£õS®. ö©õ顧 AÈÂØS •ßøÁUP¨£kQßÓ £» Põµn[P÷Íõk, “`ÇÀ AÈÁõÚx, ö©õÈ AÈÂØSU Põµn©õQÓx’ GßQÓ ö\#v, AøÚÁ›ß P¸zøu²® PÁÚzøu²® öuõ¢uµÄ ö\#QÓøu ©Ö¨£uØQÀø». `ÇÀ AÈÄ G[VÚ® ö©õÈ AÈÂØS ÂzvkQÓx Gߣøu Bµõ#ÁuõP CUPmkøµ Aø©QÓx. vÓÄaö\õØPÒ: _ØÖa`ÇÀ,`ÇÀ ö|¸UPi, £õxPõ¨¦ •¯Ø]PÒ, ö©õÈ AÈÄ
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 205 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research •ßÝøµ \©Põ»z uªÇõ#ÄPÒ, uØPõ»zvÀ ©Ûu \‰P® GvºöPõÒQßÓ ]UPÀPøÍ¨ ö£›x® ÷£\UTi¯uõP C¸UQßÓÚ. ö£so¯®, u¼zv¯®, \‰PAµ]¯À BQ¯Ú ÷£õßÓ HµõÍ©õÚ ö£õ¸sø©PÎÀ uªÌ B#ÄPÒ ÷©ØöPõÒͨ£mk Á¸QßÓÚ. SÔ¨£õP, \©Põ»zvÀ _ØÖa`ÇÀ \õº¢u ÷£a_® GÊzx® ÷£µÍÂÀ uªÌ C»UQ¯ öÁÎø¯ {øÓ¢xU öPõsi¸UQÓøu, \©Põ»¨ £øh¨¦PЮ B#ÄPЮ CÚ[PõmkQßÓÚ. ¦vÚ®, ]ÖPøu, PÂøu, Pmkøµ BQ¯ uªÈß AøÚzx C»UQ¯ ÁiÁ[Pξ® _ØÖa`ÇØ ]¢uøÚPÒ £õkö£õ¸ÍõUP¨£mkÒÍÚ. _ØÖa`ÇÀ ]UPÀPøÍ¨ ÷£õ»÷Á `ÇÀ\õº¢u GÊzx® uØ÷£õx wµ©øh¢xÒÍx. uªÈÀ “£_ø© C»UQ¯®” GßöÓõ¸ ÁøPø© ÷uõØÓ® ö£Ö©ÍÂØS¨ `Ǽ¯À £ÝÁÀPÒ ö£¸UP©øh¢xÒÍÚ. \[P C»UQ¯®, AÓC»UQ¯®, £Uv C»UQ¯®, ]ØÔ»UQ¯® ÷£õßÓ C»UQ¯ ÁøPø©PÎß Á›ø\°À |ÃÚ C»UQ¯ ÁøPø©°ß J¸ £Sv¯õP¨ ö£õ¸sø© Ai¨£øh°À _ØÖa`ÇÀ P¸zuõUP[PøÍ EÒÍhUQ¯ £ÝÁÀPÒ AøÚzx® £_ø© C»UQ¯©õP Aøh¯õÍ® Põn¨£mk, uÚUöPÚz uÛzuöuõ¸ Chzøu¨ ö£ØÖÒÍø©ø¯ AÔ¯»õ®. öuõÈÀ~m£ Áͺa], |Pµ©¯©õUP®, E»P©¯©õUP®, •u»õÎzxÁa ]¢uøÚ, Awu~PºÄU P»õa\õµ® •u»õÚ Põµn[PÎÚõÀ C¯ØøP Pkø©¯õP¨ £õvUP¨£mk Á¸® {ø»°À £_ø© C»UQ¯zvß £[PΨ¦ Gߣx \©Põ»a \‰Pz ÷uøÁ¯õP EÒÍx. `Çø»U SÔzx®, Aøu¨ £õxPõUP ÷Ási¯uß ÷uøÁø¯U SÔzx®, £õxPõUPz uÁÔÚõÀ HØ£k® B£zuõÚ ÂøÍÄPøÍU SÔzx® ©UPÐUS ÂȨ¦nºÅmkÁøu¨ £_ø© C»UQ¯® uߣo¯õPU öPõskÒÍx. Av¾® uØ÷£õx, _ØÖa`ÇÀ ÂȨ¦nºÄU Pmkøµ¨ £ÝÁÀPÒ, `Ǽ¯»õͺPÍõÀ AvP©õP GÊu¨£mk Á¸® `Çø»z uªÌ E»P® |ßPÔ²®. £õ©¯ß, ÷PõøÁ \uõ]Á®, _. v¯÷hõº £õìPµß, |URµß •u»õÚ `Ǽ¯»õͺPÒ AvPõzvµ©õPU PÍzv¾®, uªÌz uÍzv¾® C¯[Q Á¸QßÓÚº. SÔ¨£õP, GÊzuõͺ |URµß, _ØÖa`ÇÀ \õº¢u ÂÍUP[PøÍz öuÎÁõPÄ®, GÎø©¯õPÄ®, Esø©ø¯ Ai¨£øh¯õPU öPõsk® Áõ\PºPÐUS ÂȨ¦nºÄ HØ£kzx® ÁøP°À £» Pmkøµ¨ £ÝÁÀPøÍ¨ £øhzxÒÍõº. AÁµx, “uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ” GßÝ® Pmkøµ¨ £ÝÁÀ, `Ǽ¯À GÊzvß Ai¨£øh¨ ö£õ¸sø©ø¯ ÂÍUSÁ÷uõk, C¯ØøP AÈ¢x Á¸ÁuõÀ £»ö©õÈPÒ Em£h E»Qß ªP¨£Çø©¯õÚ ö©õȯõÚ uªÌ ö©õȲ® AÈ©õÚzxUSÒÍõQ Á¸QßÓøu E›¯ \õßÖP÷Íõk EµUPa ö\õÀQÓx. _ØÖa`ÇÀ £õxPõ¨¦ Gߣx ö©õ顧 £õxPõ¨¦®Th Gߣøu |URµÚõ›ß Pmkøµa ö\#vPÒÁÈ Bµõ#ÁuõP CUPmkøµ Aø©QÓx. uªÈÀ £_ø© C»UQ¯® _ØÖa`ÇÀ \õº¢u GÊzx ÷©ø»|õkPÎÀ “£_ø© C»UQ¯®” GßÓ ö£¯›À, J¸ uÛ¨¤›ÁõP EÒÍx. uªÈ¾® _ØÖa `ÇÀ, C¯ØøP, Põmk°º \õº¢u GÊzx ö£¸Q Á¸ÁuõÀ CuøÚ, “_ØÖa`ÇÀ \õº¢u GÊzx’ GßÖ®, “£_ø© GÊzx’ GßÖ®, “£_ø© C»UQ¯®’ GßÖ® £»Âu[PÎÀ SÔ¨¤kQßÓÚº. GÊzuõͺ |URµß, _ØÖa`ÇÀ ÂȨ¦nºÄ ¡ÀPÒ SÔzxU SÔ¨¤køP°À, “uªÈÀ `Ǽ¯À AUPøÓ \õº¢u £_ø© C»UQ¯®
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 206 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £zuõ°µzxUS¨ ¤Ó÷P öuõh[Q¯x. £zuõ°µzxUS¨ ¤ÓPõÚ |h¨¦¨£vß Bsøha `Ǽ¯À GÊzxUPõÚx GÚ»õ®. Cøu ö©#¨¤US® ÁøP°À £» £v¨£P[PÒ `Ǽ¯À \õº¢u ¡ÀPøÍU öPõsk Á¸QßÓÚ. CuØPõÚ •¯Ø]ø¯¨ £» BskPÐUS •ßÚ÷µ öuõh[Q øÁzu ö£¸ø© “§Ä»Qß |s£ºPÒ” Aø©¨ø£z öuõh[Q¯ “ö|kgö\ȯÝU÷P” E›¯x. CÆÁø©¨¤ß ÁÈ, CzxøÓ \õº¢u HµõÍ©õÚ ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ ¡ÀPøÍ öÁΰmk, PÁÚ® ö£ÓøÁzux CÁµx \õuøÚ¯õS®. Cuß öuõhºa]¯õPz uØ÷£õx® £» ö©õÈö£¯º¨¦ ¡ÀPÒ öÁίõQßÓÚ(P.A÷\õPß, (£.B.), v C¢x |õÎuÌ (uªÌ), 29/05/2016, £.9) GßQÓõº. _.v¯÷hõº £õìPµß GßÝ® `Ǽ¯ GÊzuõͺ, £_ø© C»UQ¯® SÔzxU SÔ¨¤køP°À, \[P¨ £õhÀPÎÀ C¯ØøP uÛzxz x¸zvU öPõsk C¸UPÂÀø». AßÓõh ÁõÌÂÀ CøÇ¢÷uõk® Kº A®\©õP Ax C¸¢ux. Kº F›¼¸¢x ©ØöÓõ¸ F¸US¨ ÷£õÁøu ÂÁ›US® ÷£õx Th, C¯ØøPU TÖPÒ C¯À£õP÷Á £vÄ ö\#¯¨£mkÒÍÚ. BÚõÀ, CßÖ C¯ØøP A¢{¯©õQÂmhx. “µ¨£º”, “Põk”, “\õ¯õÁÚ®” ÷£õßÓ ÂµÀÂmk GsoÂhU Ti¯ |õÁÀPÒ, ÷\õ.uº©ß, ö£¸©õÒ •¸Pß, v.áõÚQµõ©ß ÷£õßÓ J¸]»›ß GÊzx ©mk÷©, C¯ØøP \õº¢x ÷£\•øÚ¢u ¦øÚÄ C»UQ¯[PÒ. uªÈÀ £_ø© C»UQ¯® ö£›¯AÍÂÀ Áµ ÷Ási¯ AÁ]¯® C¸UQÓx. Pmkøµ C»UQ¯zvß CßöÚõ¸ £›©õn® uõß £_ø© C»UQ¯® (http://tamil.the hindu.com/general/ environment/article9492781.ece,17/01/2017) GßQÓõº. CUTØÖPÎÚi¨£øh°À _ØÖa`ÇÀ \õº¢u £ÝÁÀPøÍ¨ £_ø© C»UQ¯©õP Aøh¯õÍ® PõqQÓ ÷£õUS {»ÄQÓøu AÔ ¯•iQÓx. `Ǽ¯À GÊzxUPÒ |h¨¦U Põ»¢öuõm÷h, GvºPõ»zvØS©õP, _ØÖa`Çø»U SÔzxa ]¢v¨£uØS®, ö\¯À£kÁuØS® ÁÈÁSUQßÓÚ GÚ»õ®. uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ uªÌö©õȯõÚx, £s£õmk ö©õÈ, Áµ»õØÖ ö©õÈ, Aµ]¯À ö©õÈ, \©¯ö©õÈ, AÔ¯À ö©õÈ, £SzuÔÄ ö©õÈ GÚ¨ £»¨ £›©õn[PÎÀ £õºUP¨£mh ÷£õv¾®, uªøÇa `Ǽ¯À ö©õȯõP¨ £õºUS® •uÀ ¡À “uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ” GߣuõS®. C¢¡ø» GÊv¯ |URµß CøuU SÔzxU SÔ¨¤køP°À £aø\¯® ªS¢u ö©õÈ, uªÌ. Ax \¸PõQhU Thõx Gߣ÷u |® Bu[P®. J¸¦Ó®, E»P©¯©õUPÀ Aøu E»ºzu •øÚQÓx. ©Ö¦Ó®, BvUP ö©õÈPÒ Aøu APØÓ {øÚUQßÓÚ. £aø\¯® Gߣx |® {»zvß _ØÖa`ÇÀ. `ÇÀ }[QÚõ¾®, ö©õÈ E»¸®. ö©õÈ }[QÚõ¾®, `ÇÀ E»¸®. GÚ÷Á, ö©õÈø¯²® `Çø»²® J¸ ÷\µU PõUS® AÁ]¯zøu¨ ÷£\ÂøÇQÓx, C¢¡À (|URµß, uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ, £.7) GßQÓõº. £_¢uªÌ, Aø»÷£]°ß BÐøP¯õ¾® BvUP ö©õÈPÎß AhUS•øÓ¯õ¾® Aøh¯õÍ ©ØÖU ÷£õ#U öPõsi¸UQÓ `ǼÀ, uªÈÀ ¦v¯ ö\õØPøÍ E¸ÁõUPõ©À, öuõÈÀ~m£ Áͺa]¯õÚx ©Ûuµx ]¢vUS® BØÓø»a ö\¯¼ÇUPa ö\#x öPõsi¸UQÓøu Enµ÷Ási¯ Pmhõ¯zvÀ EÒ÷Íõ®. C¯ØøP SÔzu £vÄPøÍz uªÌ C»UQ¯[PÎÀ Bµõ¯z uø»¨£m÷hõ©õÚõÀ, uªÊUSU Qøhzu uø» ¡»õÚ
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 207 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research öuõÀPõ¨¤¯® öuõmk, |h¨¦U Põ»¨£øh¨¦PÒ Áøµ¯õÚ Auß £›©õn®, Põ»©õØÓzvß Ai¨£øh°À ÂuÂu©õP ©õÔ Á¢v¸UQÓøu Enµ •i²®. öuõÀPõ¨¤¯©õÚx, C¯ØøP ö|Ô Áõ̯ø», “vøn¨£S¨¦” Ai¨£øh°À ÂÍUQa ö\ÀQÓx. CuÝÒ Põm]¨£kQÓ I¢vøn \õº¢u {» Aø©¨¦PЮ, E°›Ú[PЮ, öuõÈÀ •øÓPЮ, ©Ûuº u® ÁõÌ•øÓPЮ C¯ØøP÷¯õiø¯¢uuõP÷Á C¯UP® ö£ÖQßÓÚ. \[P C»UQ¯[PЮ öuõÀPõ¨¤¯ ©µ¤ß£i, C¯ØøP ö|ÔÁõ̯ø»÷¯ ÁÈ ö©õÈQßÓÚ. Põ»©õØÓ©õÚx, C¯ØøP¯ø©¨¤ß ÷uõØÓ öÁΰÀ HØ£kzv¯ ©õØÓ[PÒ, ¦v¯vøn E¸ÁõUPzvØS® ThU Põµn©õ°Ú. \©Põ»¨ £øh¨¦PÒ, SÔ¨£õP C¸£uõ® ¡ØÓõsiØS •ßÝ® ¤ßÝ©õÚ£vß BskPÎÀ, _ØÖa`ÇØ]UPÀPøÍ ø©¯¨ ö£õ¸sø©¯õUQ¯ £øh¨¦¨ ¤µvPÒ, “£_ø© C»UQ¯[PÒ” GßÓ ö£¯›À, Aøh¯õÍ[Põnz uUPÂu©õP¨ ö£¸Q{ØQßÓÚ. Põ»¢÷uõÖ©õÚ uªÌ C»UQ¯[PÒ, “uªÌö©õÈ C¯À£õP÷Á C¯ØøP \õº¢u ö©õÈ’ Gߣøu EÖv¨£kzx® Ásn©õP Aø©¢v¸UQÓøu Enµ»õ®. `ÇÀ AÈ¢uõÀ ö©õÈ AȲ®; ö©õÈ AÈ¢uõÀ `ÇÀ AȲ® C¯ØøP°À AøÚzx® Jß÷ÓõöhõßÖ ¤ønUP¨£mi¸¨£x ÷£õ», `Ǿ® ö©õȲ® CµshÓU P»¢uøÁ. JßÔß £õxPõ¨÷£õ/ AÈ÷Áõ, ©ØöÓõßÔÀ uõUPzøu HØ£kzx® Gߣøu |õ® AÔ¯ ÷Ásk®. ö©õÈ Gߣx öÁÖ® ö\õØPÒ AÀ». Ax J¸ \‰Pzvß ÁõÌUøP•øÓ, £ÇUPÁÇUP®, ]¢uøÚ •øÓ°ß ¤µv£¼¨£õS®. _ØÖa`ÇÀ AÈÁuõÀ, Aa\‰Pzvß Áõ̯À ©õÖ£kQÓx. GkzxUPõmhõP, ©ø»¨ £SvPÎÀ ÁõÊ® ©UPÎß ö©õȰÀ ©ø»PÒ, BÖPÒ, PõkPÒ £ØÔ¯ ¡ØÖUPnUPõÚ ö\õØPÒ P»¢v¸US®. Põk AÈ¢uõÀ Aaö\õØPЮ £¯ß£õmi¼¸¢x ÁÇUöPõÈ¢x ÷£õS®. ÂÁ\õ¯® AÈ¢uõÀ AuÝhß öuõhº¦øh¯ ö\õØPÒ, £Çö©õÈPÒ, £õhÀPÒ ©øÓ¢xÂk®. ©UPÒ Ch®ö£¯º¢uõÀ, u[PÒ ö\õ¢u¨ £s£õmka`ÇÀ CÇ¢x, A¢u ö©õÈø¯²® uͺzxÁõºPÒ. BP, _ØÖa`ÇÀ AÈ¢uõÀ ö©õȲ® ÷\º¢x AȲ® {ø» HØ£kQÓx. CuøÚ, “ö©õÈ£s£õmiÝøh¯ ªP¨ö£¸® P¸Å»®. EnĨ £ÇUP ÁÇUP[PÒ & ÷ÁÍõs •øÓPÒ & Bøh AoP»ßPÒ & v¸©n øÁ£Á[PÒ & ©µna\h[SPÒ ÷£õßÓ £s£õmk ÁõÌUøP •øÓPøÍ²®, ¸¢÷uõ®£À £s¦ & ‰z÷uõøµU PÚ® ö\#uÀ & ©nEÓÄPøÍz wº©õÛzuÀ ÷£õßÓ £s£õmk ÁõÌÂ¯Ø ]¢uøÚPøÍ²®, CÁØÔß Ai Buõµ©õP ÂÍ[SQßÓ uõÁµ[PÒ & »[SPÒ & Põ»{ø» ÷£õßÓ E°ºa`ÇÀ £ØÔ¯ AÔuÀPøÍ²® ö\õØPÍõPz ÷uUQz ußÛÀ øÁ¨¤¼mkÒÍx. CøÁ £» B°µ® BskPõ»a ÷\ª¨¦PÒ. A¢u¢uU Põ» Pmh[PÐUS® Ch[PÐUS® HØ£ {»Â¯ ÁõÌUøP •øÓPøÍ²®, ÁõÌÂ¯Ø ]¢uøÚPøÍ²©, C¯ØøP AÔuÀPøÍ²® ¦»¨£kzuÄ® ¦›¢x öPõÒÍÄ® Ti¯ ¦x¨¦xa ö\õØPÍõP E¸ÁõUQ, öuõhº¢x ö\õØPÎß PÍg]¯©õP ö©õÈ £›nõªzx Á¸QÓx (I[Pµ÷|\ß, ö£õ., HÇõÁx FÈ, Fø©¯õS® ö©õÈPЮ ©µoUS® E°ºa`Ǿ® (Pm.),
öu. v. C¢xUPÀ¿›, |õPº÷PõÂÀ 208 £UP® £ßÚõmkU P¸zuµ[P® : Œ©Põ»z uªÇõ#Ĩ @£õUSPÒ £U.359&360) GßQÓ ¦»® ö£¯º GÊzuõ͸® `Ǽ¯»õ͸©õÚ I[Pµ÷|\Ûß TØÖ, `ǾUS® ö©õÈUS©õÚ öuõhºø£ªPz xÀ¼¯©õPz öuÎĨ£kzxQÓx. _ØÖa `ǾUS® ö©õÈUS©õÚ EÓÂøÚ¨ £ØÔ ÷hÂmQ›ìhÀ Gߣõ›ß “ö©õ顧 ©µn®” (Language Death) GßÝ® ¡¾® ÂÍUSQÓx. H÷uÝ® Kº EÖ¨¦¨ £õvUP¨£mhõ¾®, Jmkö©õzu Aø©¨¦US® Ax Gvº£õµõu ÂøÍÄPøÍ E¸ÁõUS®. AvÀ ö©õȲ® Ah[S® Gߣ÷u AÁº P¸zx. AuõÁx, J¸{»zvÀ ÁõÊ® E°›Ú® AÈ¢x¨ ÷£õÚõÀ AÆÄ°›Ú® öuõhº£õÚ A¢{»zvÀ ÷£\¨£k® ö\õØPЮ AȲ®. GkzxUPõmhõP “¯õøÚ” AÈ¢uõÀ Auß÷ÁÖ ö£¯ºPÍõQ¯ PÎÖ, ¤i, ÷ÁÇ®, Sg\µ®, øP®©õ, PÍ£®, ©õu[P®, P¯®, Aµ_Áõ, AÀ¼¯ß, K[PÀ, J¸zuÀ ÷£õßÓ ö\õØPЮ AȲ®. Au÷Úõk AuØSz öuõhº£õÚ “x®¤UøP’ GßQÓ ö\õÀ¾® AȲ®. Kº E°›Ú® AÈ¢uõÀ Aøh¯UTi¯ ö©õÈa]øuÄ A÷|P®. •uÀ uø»•øÓ°À C¸¢u ö\õØPÒ |õßPõ® uø»•øÓ°Ú¸USz öu›ÁvÀø». “¦ÇUPzvÀ C¸¢u J¸ ö\õÀ, ¦Ç[Põu ö\õÀ»õQ, Akzx AÔ¯õu ö\õÀ»õQ, CÖv°À •ØÔ¾® ©øÓ¢u ö\õÀ»õP ©õÔÂkQÓx.” (|URµß, uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ, `ÇÀ AÈ¢uõÀ ö©õȲ® AȲ® (Pm.), £. 41) GßÝ® |URµÛß Eøµ¨£i uªÈÀ £» ö\õØPÒ Põnõ©À ÷£õ#ÂkÁuØSa _ØÖa`ÇÀ AÈÄ ö£¸®£[S ÁSUQÓx Gߣøu Enµ»õ®. _ØÖa`ÇÀ AÈÄ Gߣx öÁÖ® C¯ØøP CǨ¦ ©mk©ßÖ; ö©õÈ, P»õa\õµ Aøh¯õÍ CǨ¦®Th. GÚ÷Á, _ØÖa`Çø»U Põ¨£x Gߣx ö©õÈø¯²®, £õµ®£›¯zøu²® Põ¨£uØSa \©®. CuøÚ EÖv¨£kzxQÓuõP, “ö©õÈPÒ” ¦»¨£kzuöÁÚÄ® ¦›¢xöPõÒÍöÁÚÄ® ©Ûu CÚ® uß £›nõ©¨ £õøu°À PshÔ¢u Aئu©õÚ J¸ \õuÚ®. BÚõÀ, ö©õÈPÐUS CßÖ HØ£mi¸US® Aa_ÖzuÀPÒ öÁÖ©÷Ú uPÁÀ öuõhº¦PÐUPõÚ PuÄPøÍ ©õzvµ® Aøhzx ÂhÂÀø». Cx £s£õmkUS® E°›Ú[PÐUS®HØ£mi¸US®ö£¸® Aa_Özu¾® BS®. J¸ ö©õÈ J¸ £Sv°À ÷uõßÔ ÁͺQßÓ÷£õx, A¢uö©õÈø¯¨ ÷£_QßÓ CÚzvß £s£õmka `ǾhÝ® A¢u CÚ® ÁõÊQßÓ E°ºa`ǾhÝ® JßÓõPa ÷\º¢÷u £¯oUQÓx. JßøÓö¯õßÖ K®¤¯ÁõÖ £›nõªUQÓx. CuÚõÀ, CÁØÔÀ JßÔß AÈÄ ©ØøÓ¯ÁØøÓ²® {µõuµÁõUQ AÈzx Á¸QÓx (I[Pµ÷|\ß, ö£õ., HÇõÁx FÈ, Fø©¯õS® ö©õÈPЮ ©µoUS® E°ºa `Ǿ® (Pm.),£.359) GßQÓuõP GÊzuõͺ I[Pµ÷|\Ûß TØÖ Aø©QÓx. C¯ØøPa ^ØÓ[PÎÚõÀ ¦Â°À ö£¸® AÍÂÀ E°ºa÷\u•® ö£õ¸m÷\u•® HØ£k® {ø»°À, ö©õÈa÷\u•® HØ£mkÒÍx. C¯ØøPUS® E°ºPÐUS® HØ£mkÒÍ ÷£›hºPÎÀ ö©õȲ® £õv¨£øhQÓx. E»QÀ CßÖ 21%£õ¿miPÒ, 13% £ÓøÁPÒ, 15% FºÁÚ ÁøPPÒ, 30% }º {»ÁõÌÂPÒ AÈÂØSU Põzv¸UQßÓÚ. £À¾°º £ß©¯z÷uõk ö©õȨ £ß©¯•® B£zvÀ EÒÍx. ÷£\¨£kQßÓ 7000 ö©õÈPÎÀ |õßQÀ J¸ £[S Aȯ¨÷£õQÓx. 30% ö©õÈPÒ, 1970 US¨ ¤ß AÈ¢xÒÍ {ø»°À CßÝ® 400 ö©õÈPÒ Aȯ¨ ÷£õÁuõP ÷áõÚ uß÷»õ. TÖQÓõº.
http://www.shanlaxjournals.com 209 £UP® Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research E°›Ú[PÎÀ “Kº ChÁõÌÂ’ (Endemic species) Esk. ¤Ó £SvPÎÀ Põn•i¯õx, J¸ SÔ¨¤mh {»zvÀ ©mk® ÁõÊ® E°›Ú[P÷Í K›h ÁõÌ Gߣº. GkzxUPõmhõP, Bìv÷µ¼¯õÂß P[Põ¸ GßÝ® K›h ÁõÌÂø¯¨ ÷£õ» ö©õÈPξ® Kº Chö©õÈPÒ EÒÍÚ. E°›Ú[PÎÀ K›h ÁõÌÂPøÍ¨ £õxPõUS® |õ® K›h ö©õÈPøÍ øP ÂkQ÷Óõ®. HÓzuõÇ 1500 BskPÐUS •ߦ, uØ÷£õx C¸US® ©UPÒ öuõøPø¯ Âh 500 ©h[S SøÓÁõP C¸UQ÷Óõ®. BÚõÀ ©Ûu ö©õÈPÎß GsoUøP 10,000 ö©õÈPÒ C¸¢u {ø»°À, CßÖ SøÓ¢xÒÍx. ©ÛuºPÒ ö£õ¸Ïmk® ö£õ¸mkU PõkPøÍ AÈUPz öuõh[QÚº. BøP¯õÀ _ØÖa`Çø» AȨ£÷uõk ö©õȨ £ß©¯zøu²® ÷\ºzx AÈzuÚº GÚ»õ®. ö£õ¸Ò DmkÁuØPõPU PõkPøÍ AÈzx Á¢u {ø»°À, CßÖ A÷u £oø¯ ÷ÁÖÂu©õPa \¢øu¨ ö£õ¸Íõuõµ•® ö\#QÓx. CuØS¨ £ßö©õȨ ö£¸UP® ÷uøÁ°Àø» GßÖ®, JØøÓ ö©õȯõP C¸¢uõÀ ÁoP® ö\#¯ GÎx GÚU P¸v £» ö©õÈPÒ C¸¨£øu Cøh³ÓõP GsqQßÓÚº. JØøÓö©õȨ £s£õk Põº¨£÷µmkUS ©mk® ÷Ásk©õÚõÀ Áõ#¨£õÚuõP C¸UP»õ®. BÚõÀ C¯ØøPUS GvµõÚx Gߣøu |õ® {øÚÂÀ öPõÒÍ÷Ásk® GÚ Á¼²ÖzxQÓõº |URµß. •iÄøµ ö©õÈPÒ, £s£õmiß EøÓÂh©õP ÂÍ[Q E»Qß E°º¨ £ÀÁøPø©ø¯¨ £õxPõzx Á¸QßÓÚ. A÷uõk, _ØÖa `Ǿhß ÷|µi¯õPÄ® E°÷µõmh©õÚ EÓÄPøÍU öPõsi¸UQßÓÚ. J¸ £Sv°À {»ÄQßÓ ö©õÈ, A¨£Sv°ß _ØÖa`ÇÀ £µ[PøÍz ußÛÀ £vÄö\#x öPõÒQßÓx. A¢u ÁøP°À, “uªÌö©õÈ vønU ÷Põm£õmkhß Cøn¢ux. Ax |©x £s£õmka `Ǽ¯À” (|URµß, uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ, ÁÀ»µ_ ö©õ顧 ÁÍ Aµ]¯À (Pm.), £U. 121) GßÝ® |URµÛß TØÖ, _ØÖa`ÇØ \[Q¼¨ ¤øn¨¤À ö©õȲ® CønUP¨£mkÒÍx Gߣøu ÂÍUSQÓx. CßøÓUSa `ÇÀ AÈÁøu¨ ö£›¯ Âh¯©õP P¸uõx, ußÝøh¯ Áͺa] ©mk÷© ÷£õx® GßQÓuõÚ SµÀPÒ J¼zu Ásn® EÒÍÚ. £›nõ©¨ £õøu°À JßÓõP÷Á øP÷Põºzx¨ ÷£]Á¢u ö©õȨ £ÀÁøPø©²® E°º¨ £ÀÁøPø©²® xºAvºèhÁ\©õP JßÓõP÷Á ÷\º¢x ©i¯Ä® Bµ®¤zxÒÍÚ (I[Pµ÷|\ß, ö£õ., HÇõÁx FÈ, Fø©¯õS® ö©õÈPЮ ©µoUS® E°ºa`Ǿ® (Pm.), £.364) GßQÓuõÚ P¸zx ]¢vUP ÷Ási¯uõ²ÒÍx. £õºøÁ ¡ÀPÒ 1. A÷\õPß, P., (£.B.), v C¢x |õÎuÌ (uªÌ), 29/05/2016. 2. I[Pµ÷|\ß, ö£õ.,(2010), HÇõÁx FÈ, ÷\©©k £v¨£P®, öPõÊ®¦. 3. |URµß, (2022), uªÌ J¸ `Ǽ¯À ö©õÈ, Põ÷hõi £v¨£P®, |ßÛ»®. 4. µõ©a \¢vµSíõ, (2018), _ØÖa `Ǽ¯À E»P® uʯ Áµ»õÖ, Gvº öÁαk. 5. http://tamil.thehindu.com/general/environment/article9492781.ece,17/01/2017.