Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae) André Larochelle and Marie-Claude Larivière New Zealand Arthropod Collection Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Date of Issue: December 29, 2017 0594 INSECTA MUNDIA Journal of World Insect Systematics Pseudoopterus otiraensis Larochelle and Larivière, new species André Larochelle and Marie-Claude Larivière Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Insecta Mundi 0594: 1–110 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:89FC75EA-2324-4361-B818-FBA7B7682A00 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. 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Nearns Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae) André Larochelle New Zealand Arthropod Collection Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand [email protected] Marie-Claude Larivière New Zealand Arthropod Collection Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1142, New Zealand [email protected] Abstract. The tribe Zolini (Carabidae: Trechinae) is revised for New Zealand. Two subtribes, fi ve genera, and fortyeight species are recognized. The presence of the subtribe Merizodina is confi rmed for New Zealand; it includes three genera (Maungazolus n. gen., Pseudoopterus Csiki, 1928, and Synteratus Broun, 1909). The subtribe Zolina contains two genera (Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 and Zolus Sharp, 1886). One genus and twenty-fi ve species are described as new: Maungazolus n. gen.; Maungazolus acutus n. sp., Maungazolus priestleyensis n. sp., Maungazolus ranatungae n. sp., Maungazolus septempunctatus n. sp., Maungazolus tararuaensis n. sp., Oopterus anglemensis n. sp., Oopterus arthurensis n. sp., Oopterus corvinki n. sp., Oopterus discoideus n. sp., Oopterus garnerae n. sp., Oopterus marrisi n. sp., Oopterus mohiensis n. sp., Oopterus monticola n. sp., Oopterus nanus n. sp., Oopterus nunni n. sp., Oopterus palmai n. sp., Oopterus punctatus n. sp., Oopterus quadripunctatus n. sp., Oopterus taieriensis n. sp., Oopterus trechoides n. sp., Pseudoopterus fi ordlandensis n. sp., Pseudoopterus otiraensis n. sp., Zolus kauriensis n. sp., Zolus unisetosus n. sp., Zolus wongi n. sp. Lectotypes are designated for Zolus helmsi Sharp, 1886 and Oopterus parvulus Broun, 1903. Seven taxa are reinstated as valid genera and previous combinations: Zolus Sharp, 1886 and Pseudoopterus Csiki, 1928 (previously synonymized with Oopterus Guérin-Méneville,1841); Oopterus carinatus Broun, 1882 = Zolus carinatus (Broun, 1882); Oopterus helmsi (Sharp, 1886) = Zolus helmsi Sharp, 1886; Oopterus latipennis Broun, 1903 = Pseudoopterus latipennis (Broun, 1903); Oopterus plicaticollis Blanchard, 1843 = Pseudoopterus plicaticollis (Blanchard, 1843); Oopterus subopacus (Broun, 1915) = Zolus subopacus Broun, 1915. Three new combinations are established: Oopterus pallidipes Broun, 1893 = Maungazolus pallidipes (Broun, 1893); Oopterus parvulus Broun, 1903 = Maungazolus parvulus (Broun, 1903); Oopterus pygmeatus Broun, 1907 = Maungazolus pygmeatus (Broun, 1907). Eleven new synonymies are established: Oopterus basalis Broun, 1915 and Oopterus minor Broun, 1917 = Maungazolus pygmeatus (Broun, 1907); Oopterus nigritulus Broun, 1908 and Oopterus laevigatus Broun, 1912 = Oopterus sobrinus Broun, 1886; Oopterus sculpturatus ovinotatus Broun, 1908 = Oopterus sculpturatus Broun, 1908; Oopterus probus Broun, 1903 and Oopterus latifossus Broun, 1917 = Pseudoopterus latipennis (Broun, 1903); Oopterus puncticeps Broun, 1893 = Oopterus laevicollis Bates, 1871; Zolus atratus Broun, 1893 and Zolus femoralis Broun, 1894 = Zolus carinatus (Broun, 1882); Zolus labralis Broun, 1921 = Zolus helmsi Sharp, 1886. A revision of all taxa is provided. Descriptions, identifi cation keys, illustrations of male genitalia, habitus photos, distributional data and maps are given. Extensive information on ecology, biology, dispersal power, and collecting techniques is included for each species. Key Words. Taxonomy, new genera and species, keys, geographic distribution, ecology, biology, dispersal power. Introduction The tribe Zolini (Carabidae: Trechinae) is circumantarctic and mostly South Temperate in distribution. It occurs in South America, southern Australia (including Tasmania), New Zealand, some subantarctic islands (Baehr 2016), and China (Deuve 1997). The New Zealand Zolini were catalogued by Larochelle and Larivière (2001) in three genera (Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, Synteratus Broun, Zolus Sharp) assigned to the subtribe Oopterina, recognized by Liebherr and Will (1998). Subsequently, Larochelle and Larivière (2007), in their synopsis of supraspecifi c taxa, retained Oopterus and Synteratus in the subtribe Zolina, recognized by Arndt et al. (2005). 0594: 1–110 2017 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE More recently, Larochelle and Larivière (2016), in their Taxonomic Supplement to the 2001 catalogue, listed 34 zoline species, according to the 2007 classifi cation. The current taxonomic revision deals with 48 endemic species belonging to fi ve genera and two subtribes: Oopterus and Zolus, resurrected from synonymy (Zolina); Maungazolus new genus, Pseudoopterus resurrected from synonymy, and Synteratus (Merizodina). The genus Oopterus was described by Guérin-Méneville (1841) based on a single species, Oopterus clivinoides. Sharp (1886) erected the genus Zolus also based on a single species, Zolus helmsi. Broun (1909) described the monotypic genus Synteratus based on Synteratus ovalis. Csiki (1928) created the genus Pseudoopterus to include 27 species previously placed in Oopterus. Jeannel (1940) synonymized Pseudoopterus and Zolus with the genus Oopterus. Larochelle and Larivière (2001) did not follow Jeannel’s (1940) position and resurrected the genus Zolus; they incorrectly synonymized it again with the genus Oopterus in 2007. Johns (1974) provided the fi rst taxonomic review of New Zealand Zolini for species occurring on Subantarctic Islands: Oopterus clivinoides, O. marrineri, O. plicaticollis, O. strenuus, and Synteratus ovalis. Although well represented in New Zealand collections, zolines have escaped the attention of taxonomists for decades probably because of their small size and high degree of morphological variation. Between 1881 and 1921, Broun described the bulk of the zolines for New Zealand. Since then, a single new species has been described by Johns (1974; Oopterus strenuus). Results from the current revision lead to the description of 24 new species. This synopsis provides a detailed treatment of the taxonomy of New Zealand Zolini, identifi cation keys to all taxa, and extensive information on species distribution, ecology, biology, dispersal power, and collecting techniques. The male genitalia are described and illustrated, and habitus photos are provided for all taxa for the fi rst time. This revision is another step in the authors’ goal of attaining a comprehensive understanding of the New Zealand carabid fauna within a reasonable time frame, and of making large amounts of information available for practical use by a wide range of users. It follows the publication of a catalogue of New Zealand Carabidae (Larochelle and Larivière 2001), a revision of the tribe Harpalini (Larochelle and Larivière 2005), a synopsis of supraspecifi c carabid taxa (Larochelle and Larivière 2007), a synopsis of species of the tribes Amarotypini, Cicindelini, Clivinini, Migadopini, Pamborini, Rhysodini, Moriomorphini, and Trechini (Larochelle and Larivière 2013), a synopsis of the genus Bembidion Latreille (Larochelle and Larivière 2015), and a taxonomic supplement (2001 to 2015) to the 2001 catalogue (Larochelle and Larivière 2016). Materials and Methods This study is based on the examination of over 5,000 specimens from several hundred New Zealand localities. Most of this material (about 70%) was collected by the authors from 1992 to 2017 and is deposited in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC), Auckland. Other specimens were kindly provided by the following museums and collections: Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland, New Zealand (AMNZ); Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand (CMNZ); Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. (CMNH); Entomology Research Museum, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand (LUNZ); John Nunn private collection, Dunedin, New Zealand (JNNZ); Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN); Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand (MONZ); The Natural History Museum, London, U.K. (BMNH). Type material has been deposited in some of the above collections. The morphological terminology used in this work generally follows Larochelle and Larivière (2007, 2013, 2015). Elytral striae refer to engraved lines while rows refer to linear arrangements of coarse punctures. All descriptions are based on the same list of characters so as to be fully comparative between taxa. The microsculpture (Fig. 1–3) of head, pronotum and elytra was examined in great detail and proved highly useful in discriminating species. The male genitalia, also highly diagnostic at the species level, were dissected across numerous populations of each taxon. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 3THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND In the identifi cation keys to subtribes, genera, and species, additionally helpful but not necessarily exclusive characters are provided in brackets. The taxonomic arrangement of subtribes, genera and species, and the sequence of habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia, follow the order of taxa in the identifi cation keys. Zolus unisetosus new species was added after completion of the manuscript; illustrative material is provided at the end of the synopsis (Fig. 159–161). Synonyms, new combinations and type data are given for all taxa except for the fi ve subantarctic species revised by Johns (1974). Type data, where provided, are listed in this order: type status followed by sex, acronym of entomological collection or museum serving as repository, and original label data with a forward slash (/) indicating a different label. The two-letter abbreviation codes of Crosby et al. (1976, 1998) for areas of New Zealand (Fig. 111) were used to record geographic distributions. Full distributional information is given for species known from 10 or fewer localities. Appendix A provides decimal degree coordinates for localities cited in the text. Maps summarizing species distribution are alphabetically arranged, except for Zolus unisetosus (Fig. 112–158, 161). Notes on the ecology, biology and dispersal power are based on an analysis and synthesis of specimen label data and fi eld observations by the authors. The terminology and style of presentation follow Larochelle and Larivière (2001, 2003). Habitus photos were taken by B. E. Rhode. The authors prepared all other illustrations. Tribe Zolini Description (New Zealand). Body length 2.8–10.1 mm; not pedunculate. Head. Mandibles with setiferous puncture in scrobe. Labrum slightly emarginate anteriorly (rarely subtruncate). Frontal furrows not extended to posterior margin of eyes. Eyes present; a single setiferous puncture (posteriorly) or two punctures on inner side of each eye (without puncture in Oopterus suavis). Tempora infl ated or not. Clypeus with a setiferous puncture on each side. Antennae submoniliform (subfi liform in Oopterus arthurensis, O. ocularius, O. trechoides, and genus Zolus); segment 1 (scape) with a few setae, segment 2 with numerous setae, segments 3–11 densely pubescent; segments 2–10 with verticillate setae. Mentum: medial tooth present; circular foveae absent; two setae present. Mentum-submentum suture present (absent in Pseudoopterus plicaticollis). Submentum with four setae. Ligula with two fused setae (Oopterus, Zolus, Pseudoopterus (in part)), four setae (two medial setae fused, two lateral setae free in Maungazolus) or six setae (two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free in Pseudoopterus plicaticollis and Synteratus). Palpi: terminal segment conical, glabrous, obtuse at tip; penultimate maxillary segment with numerous long setae; penultimate labial segment with two setae on anterior margin. Thorax. Pronotum with or without lateral groove between lateral margin and laterobasal fovea; usually two setiferous punctures on each side or without puncture (rarely with a single setiferous puncture anteriorly or posteriorly); posterolateral carinae present or absent. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases (invisible, concealed under pronotal base in Synteratus). Legs. Protibiae without outer apical prolongation. Tarsi pubescent dorsally; basal segments 1+2 of male protarsi asymmetrical, dentate and dilated on inner side; claws entire ventrally; unguitractor plate invisible between tarsal claws. Elytra. Fused along suture (hindwings vestigial). Basal margin complete (reaching about scutellum) or incomplete (reaching about stria 3 or 4). Discal setiferous punctures present. Stria 1 recurrent at apex (curving back like a hook as in Trechini and Bembidiini (Tachyina)). Subapical seta present (absent in Maungazolus pygmeatus and Oopterus clivinoides). Umbilicate series separated into two major groups (four+fi ve), with posterior group rather continuous. Radial fi eld without fi ne, dense pubescence. Sutural apices obtuse or rounded. Epipleura twisted (with inner fold or plica) near apex. Abdomen. Apex invisible dorsally. Sterna IV–VI with paired ambulatory setae only. Aedeagus. Basal orifi ce of aedeagus closed anteriorly (Oopterus, Zolus) or open anteriorly (Maungazolus, Pseudoopterus, Synteratus). Right paramere curved, very long, narrow, untwisted medially (Maungazolus, Oopterus, Pseudoopterus, Synteratus) or rather straight, moderately long and wide, twisted medially (Zolus). Left paramere subtriangular. 4 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE References. Johns 1974: 297–300 (revision, subantarctic islands); Maddison et al. 1999: 103–138 (molecular phylogeny); Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (catalogue); Roig-Juñent and Cicchino 2001: 651–670 (phylogeny, key to subtribes); Lorenz 2005: 201 (world catalogue); Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 44–45 (taxonomy); Maddison and Ober 2011: 229–260 (molecular phylogeny); Baehr 2016: 39–45 (as Zolini or Merizodini; Australia, new taxa); Larochelle and Larivière 2016: 20–21 (list). Alphabetical checklist of taxa Valid genusand species-group taxa are listed alphabetically (A = Adventive, E = Endemic, N = Native, but not endemic to New Zealand). Tribe Zolini Subtribe Merizodina Genus Maungazolus E new genus acutus E new species pallidipes (Broun, 1893) E parvulus (Broun, 1903) E priestleyensis E new species pygmeatus (Broun, 1907) E ranatungae E new species septempunctatus E new species tararuaensis E new species Genus Pseudoopterus Csiki, 1928 E fi ordlandensis E new species latipennis (Broun, 1903) E otiraensis E new species plicaticollis (Blanchard, 1843) E Genus Synteratus Broun, 1909 E ovalis Broun, 1909 E Subtribe Zolina Genus Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 N anglemensis E new species arthurensis E new species clivinoides Guérin-Méneville, 1841 E collaris Broun, 1893 E corvinki E new species discoideus E new species frontalis Broun, 1908 E fulvipes Broun, 1886 E garnerae E new species laevicollis Bates, 1871 E laeviventris (Sharp, 1883) E lewisi (Broun, 1912) E marrineri Broun, 1909 E marrisi E new species mohiensis E new species monticola E new species nanus E new species nunni E new species ocularius (Broun, 1917) E palmai E new species patulus (Broun, 1881) E punctatus E new species INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 5THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND quadripunctatus E new species sculpturatus Broun, 1908 E sobrinus Broun, 1886 E strenuus Johns, 1974 E suavis Broun, 1917 E taieriensis E new species trechoides E new species Genus Zolus Sharp, 1886 E carinatus (Broun, 1882) E helmsi Sharp, 1886 E kauriensis E new species subopacus Broun, 1915 E unisetosus E new species wongi E new species Key to subtribes and genera of Zolini (New Zealand) Remarks. The only character distinguishing the genera Oopterus and Zolus is the shape of the right paramere of the aedeagus. To separate Zolus species from Oopterus species using external morphology, see the Key to species of Oopterus where Zolus species are inserted and cross-referenced to the Zolus key. 1. Aedeagus (Fig. 15) with basal orifi ce closed anteriorly; basal bulb without lateral lobes. [Ligula (Fig. 4) with two fused apical setae only; mentum tooth (Fig. 7–9) not bifi d] .......................... .................................................................................................................... (Subtribe Zolina) 2 — Aedeagus (Fig. 16–18) with basal orifi ce open anteriorly; basal bulb with lateral lobes [Ligula (Fig. 4) with two fused apical setae and mentum tooth (Fig. 10) bifi d, or ligula (Fig. 5–6) with four or six apical setae (two medial setae fused, lateral setae free) and mentum tooth (Fig. 7–9) not bifi d] ...................................................................................(Subtribe Merizodina) 3 2(1). Right paramere (Fig. 13) of aedeagus rather straight, moderately long and wide, twisted medially. [Rather large, body length 7.0–10.1 mm; color dark; eyes convex; antennae subfi liform; pronotum subquadrate, with lateral grooves and posterolateral carinae; North and South Islands] ......................................................................................................Genus Zolus Sharp — Right paramere (Fig. 14) of aedeagus curved, very long and narrow, not twisted medially. [Smaller, body length 3.4–7.8 mm (rarely over 6.5 mm); color dark or pale; eyes convex or subdepressed; antennae submoniliform (rarely subfi liform); pronotum subquadrate, transverse or cordate, with or without lateral grooves or posterolateral carinae; North, South and Subantarctic Islands] ....................................................Genus Oopterus Guérin-Méneville 3(1). Body (Fig. 53) ovate, not narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra; eyes subdepressed; pronotum trapezoidal, without lateral setiferous punctures; scutellum invisible, concealed under pronotal base; aedeagus (Fig. 18) with basal orifi ce widely open anteriorly. [Body length 3.0–3.5 mm; ligula with six setae (two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free); Subantarctic Islands (SN)] .................................................................................. Genus Synteratus Broun — Body (Fig. 54–65) not ovate, but narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra; eyes convex; pronotum not trapezoidal, with two lateral setiferous punctures; scutellum visible between elytral bases; aedeagus (Fig. 16–17) with basal orifi ce moderately open anteriorly .............4 4(3). Mentum tooth (Fig. 10) bifi d; segments 1+2 of male protarsi with two rows of ventral scales; aedeagus with dorsal membranous area moderately wide (Fig. 100–103) and moderately distant from basal bulb (Fig. 16). [Larger, body length 3.7–5.7 mm; ligula (Fig. 4, 6) either with two fused apical setae or with six apical setae (two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free); South Island and Subantarctic Islands] ........................ Genus Pseudoopterus Csiki 6 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE — Mentum tooth (Fig. 7–9) not bifi d; segments 1+2 of male protarsi with a single row of ventral scales; aedeagus with dorsal membranous area very wide (Fig. 104–110) and very close to basal bulb (Fig. 17). [Smaller, body length 2.8–4.4 mm; ligula (Fig. 5) with four apical setae (two medial setae fused, two lateral setae free); southern North Island (WN), South Island, and Stewart Island] .......................................................... Genus Maungazolus new genus Subtribe Zolina Description (New Zealand). Aedeagus with basal orifi ce closed anteriorly; basal bulb without lateral lobes. References. Jeannel 1940: 93 (as Oopterini, new tribe); Liebherr and Will 1998: 107–170 (as Oopterina; phylogeny); Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (as Oopterina; catalogue); Roig-Juñent and Cicchino 2001: 651–670 (as Zolina; phylogeny, key to subtribes); Lorenz 2005: 201 (as Oopterini, a junior synonym of Zolina); Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 44–45 (as Oopterina; catalogue), 2016: 20–21 (as Zolina; list). Remarks. Two New Zealand genera (Zolus Broun, Oopterus Guérin-Méneville) share the genitalic characters assigned to Zolina by Jeannel (1940; as Oopterini), as well as by Roig-Juñent and Cicchino (2001): aedeagus with basal orifi ce closed anteriorly; basal bulb without lateral lobes. See Roig-Juñent and Cicchino (2001) for comments on the priority of the subtribal name Zolina over Oopterina. Genus Zolus Sharp, 1886, reinstated Fig. 19–23, 66–70, 154–161 Zolus Sharp, 1886: 371. Synonymized with Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 by Jeannel (1942: 92); reinstated as full genus by Larochelle and Larivière (2001: 78); incorrectly reinstated as a junior synonym of Oopterus by Larochelle and Larivière (2007: 44). Reinstated as full genus Type species. Zolus helmsi Sharp, 1886, by monotypy. Description. Body length 7.0–10.1 mm; not ovate, narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra. Color mostly dark. Metallic luster absent. Dorsal surface mostly glabrous. Head. Narrow or moderately wide. Mandibles moderately long. Labrum slightly emarginate or subtruncate anteriorly. Eyes convex; a single setiferous puncture posteriorly (two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye in Z. subopacus). Antennae subfi liform. Tempora not infl ated. Mentum tooth entire (acute apically). Ligula with two fused setae. Thorax. Pronotum subquadrate (cordate in Z. wongi); lateral grooves present; setiferous punctures absent on each side (a single puncture present in Z. opacus and Z. unisetosus); posterolateral carinae present; base narrower than apex, about as wide as apex or wider than apex. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases. Legs. Very long (moderately long in Z. subopacus). Segments 1+2 of male protarsi with a single row of ventral scales. Elytra. Ovate, subovate, or oblong. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum (incomplete, reaching about interval 4 in Z. subopacus). Shoulders well developed, rounded, obtuse or oblique. Scutellar setiferous pore present, inserted at junction of striae 1+2. Scutellar striole present (obsolete in Z. subopacus). Striae complete (almost complete in Z. subopacus), consisting of lines; three discal setiferous punctures in stria 3 or on interval 3; recurrent stria directed apically toward stria 5, 6 or 7. Subapical seta present. Apical seta present. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view: dorsal membranous area moderately wide or very wide (narrow in Z. subopacus). Dorsal view (Fig. 15): very wide (moderately wide in Z. subopacus); basal orifi ce wide (narrow in Z. subopacus), closed anteriorly, moderately or very distant from membranous area; lateral lobes of basal bulb absent. Parameres with four to seven apical setae. Right paramere rather straight (curved in other zoline genera), moderately long and wide, twisted medially (untwisted in other zoline genera). INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 7THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (as Oopterus and Zolus; catalogue), 2007: 44–45 (as Oopterus; description, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (as Oopterus; list). Remarks. The genus Zolus Sharp, 1886 was previously synonymized with Oopterus. This taxon is resurrected from synonymy here on the basis of the rather straight, moderately long, wide, and medially twisted right paramere of the aedeagus, a character unifying included species and distinguishing Zolus from Oopterus. In addition, Zolus species share the following external characters: rather large, body length 7.0–10.1 mm; color dark; eyes convex, antennae subfi liform; pronotum subquadrate, with lateral grooves and posterolateral carinae. The genus Zolus now includes three newly described species, two species previously described in Zolus, and one species originally described in Oopterus. The taxonomic names Zolus helmsi and Z. subopacus are here reinstated to their original combinations. Key to species of Zolus 1. Pronotum with a single setiferous puncture on each side ..........................................................2 — Pronotum without lateral setiferous punctures ..........................................................................3 2(1). Pronotum with a setiferous puncture on each side (posteriorly); head with two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye; basal margin of elytra incomplete, reaching about interval 4; Fig. 19. [Body length 7.1–7.7 mm; southern South Island (CO, FD, OL, SL)] ..................... ............................................................................................................Zolus subopacus Broun — Pronotum with a setiferous puncture on each side (anteriorly); head with a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly); basal margin of elytra complete, reaching about scutellum; Fig. 159. [Body length 9.2–10.1 mm; southwestern South Island (OL, WD)] ........ .................................................................................................Zolus unisetosus new species 3(1). Pronotum strongly convex; elytral sides strongly rounded; antennal segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width; Fig. 20–21. [North Island] ..........................4 — Pronotum moderately convex; elytral sides moderately rounded; antennal segment 1 (scape) very long, about 2.5x longer than its maximum width; Fig. 22–23. [South Island] ..............5 4(3). Pronotum widest about middle, sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles obtuse, posterolateral carinae moderately long (about half as long as adjoining foveae); elytra oblong, widest before middle, microsculpture moderately transverse, intervals convex; Fig. 20. [Body length 8.0–8.3 mm; northern North Island (northern AK, CL)] ....................... .................................................................................................Zolus kauriensis new species — Pronotum widest before middle, sides moderately rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles subrectangular, posterolateral carinae very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); elytra ovate, widest about middle, microsculpture very transverse (with microlines), intervals subdepressed; Fig. 21. [Body length 7.3–9.2 mm; North Island (southern AK to WN–WA)] ..............................................................................Zolus carinatus (Broun) 5(3). Elytra shiny, microsculpture moderately transverse (brick-like); pronotum subquadrate, widest about middle, sides slightly sinuate posteriorly; head, pronotum, and elytra mostly reddish piceous; Fig. 22. [Body length 7.6–8.9 mm; mostly western South Island (SD to WD)] .......... ................................................................................................................... Zolus helmsi Sharp — Elytra dull, microsculpture isodiametric; pronotum moderately cordate, widest before middle, sides moderately sinuate posteriorly; head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; Fig. 23. [Body length 7.0–8.3 mm; mostly western South Island (SD to WD)] ................................ ......................................................................................................... Zolus wongi new species 14 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 78–79 (as Zolus helmsi, Z. labralis; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2007: 45, 118 (as Oopterus helmsi, O. labralis; taxonomy), 2016: 20 (as Oopterus helmsi, O. labralis; list). Remarks. Sharp described Z. helmsi from a pair of specimens, one of which (a male) is here designated as lectotype. The second specimen (a female) is considered to be a paralectotype. These type designations are made to preserve stability of nomenclature in the future. As stated in Broun’s description, the male holotype of Z. labralis (BMNH) only has four setiferous punctures on the labrum; this represents an anomaly. In all other material seen, the labrum displays six setiferous punctures. Examination of the type of Z. labralis revealed it to be conspecifi c with Z. helmsi. Zolus wongi new species Fig. 23, 70, 158 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND BR] Mt Dewar 1000m J.C. Watt (typed) / under bark [of] logs (typed) / Paparoa Range Dec. 1969 (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Zolus wongi Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (LUNZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 7.0–8.3 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; abdomen yellow laterally; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; apical half of femora pale yellow. Microsculpture moderately deep, isodiametric on head, moderately transverse on pronotum, very deep and strongly isodiametric on elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny on head and pronotum, dull on elytra, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae subfi liform, very long: segment 1 (scape) very long, about 2.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tempora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely punctate across base, wrinkled discally and across base, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex truncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead complete; sides moderately rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves very deep, very long (longer than adjoining foveae); setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae sharp, very long (longer than adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep and wide, oblong, prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much wider than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Very long. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders slightly rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, very deep, impunctate; stria 3 or interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 70): strongly arcuate, moderately widened in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle angulate anteriorly and moderately sinuate dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, strongly convex dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: very wide, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce wide, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with six or seven apical setae. Material examined. 402 specimens (AMNZ, CMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 158). South Island: BR, MB, MC, MK, NC, NN, SD, WD. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 15THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet forests (beech, broadleaf, podocarp), subalpine scrublands, and alpine meadows. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; active at night on logs and trees; hides during the day under logs, fallen branches, and stones. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October–August. Tenerals: December (BR), February (NN, SD), March (NC), April (WD). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales) and mites. Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Fast runner. Regular climber on trees and logs. Collecting techniques. Lifting logs, fallen branches, and stones; pitfall trapping. Remarks. This species is named after Philip Wong (Auckland), a highly skilled health specialist and special acquaintance. Zolus wongi is morphologically close to Z. unisetosus. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, Z. wongi has the following distinguishing features: body length 7.0–8.3 mm; eyes moderately convex; pronotum moderately convex, widest before middle, sides moderately rounded, setiferous punctures absent on each side, base convex medially; elytra with intervals subdepressed and sutural apices obtusely rounded. Zolus wongi occurs mostly in western areas of the South Island (SD to WD), while Z. unisetosus is restricted to southwestern South Island (OL, WD). Genus Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 Fig. 24–52, 71–98, 120–148 Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 123. Type species. Oopterus clivinoides Guérin-Méneville, 1841, by monotypy. Description (New Zealand). Body length 3.4–7.9 mm, rarely over 6.5 mm (O. arthurensis, O. ocularius, O. trechoides); not ovate, narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra. Color dark or pale. Metallic luster present or absent. Dorsal surface mostly glabrous. Head. Narrow or moderately wide. Mandibles moderately long. Labrum slightly emarginate anteriorly (subtruncate in Oopterus palmai). Eyes convex (subdepressed in O. discoideus, O. ocularius, O. quadripunctatus); one or two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye (without puncture in O. suavis). Antennae submoniliform (subfi liform in O. arthurensis, O. ocularius, O. trechoides). Tempora infl ated or not. Mentum tooth entire (usually acute, rarely rounded or subtruncate apically). Ligula with two fused setae. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, subquadrate or cordate; lateral grooves absent (rarely present); usually two setiferous punctures on each side, otherwise a single setiferous puncture or without setiferous puncture; posterolateral carinae usually present; base narrower than apex, as wide as apex or wider than apex. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases. Legs. Moderately long (rarely short or very long). Segments 1+2 of male protarsi with a single row of ventral scales. Elytra. Ovate or subovate (oblong in O. nanus). Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4 (rarely complete, reaching about scutellum). Shoulders poorly to well developed, rounded or obtuse (oblique in O. arthurensis, O. trechoides). Scutellar setiferous pore present, inserted at junction of striae 1+2. Scutellar striole present or absent. Striae complete or incomplete, consisting of lines (mostly replaced by rows of coarse punctures in O. laeviventris, O. lewisi); usually three discal setiferous punctures in stria or row 3, or on interval 3 (four or fi ve punctures in O. anglemensis, O. nanus, O. quadripunctatus; a single puncture in O. arthurensis; without or with one to three punctures in O. punctatus); recurrent stria directed apically toward stria or row 5, 6 or 7. Subapical seta present (absent in O. clivinoides). Apical seta present. Sutural apices rounded or obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae (two additional medial ambulatory setae in O. clivinoides, O. marrineri); female with four apical ambulatory setae (two additional medial ambulatory setae in O. clivinoides). Aedeagus. Lateral view: dorsal membranous area narrow (rarely wide). Dorsal view (Fig. 15): moderately or very wide (narrow in O. clivinoides, O. nanus, O. patulus); basal orifi ce narrow (wide in O. ocularius, O. suavis), 16 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area (close to membranous area in O. collaris, O. fulvipes, O. patulus); lateral lobes of basal bulb absent. Parameres with two to seven apical setae. Right paramere curved, very long, narrow, untwisted medially. References. Johns 1974: 297–300 (revision, subantarctic islands); Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73–79 (catalogue), 2007: 44–45 (description, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (list). Remarks. In the course of this revision, species previously assigned to the genus Oopterus were found to belong to two subtribes and four genera: Zolina (Oopterus, Zolus reinstated) and Merizodina (Maungazolus new genus, Pseudoopterus reinstated). Three taxa are transferred from Oopterus to Zolus (Oopterus carinatus Broun, 1882; O. helmsi (Sharp, 1886); O. subopacus (Broun, 1915)), three taxa to Maungazolus (Oopterus pallidipes Broun, 1893; O. parvulus Broun, 1903; O. pygmeatus Broun, 1907), and two taxa to Pseudoopterus (Oopterus plicaticollis Blanchard, 1843; O. latipennis Broun, 1903). The morphological character unifying Oopterus species and distinguishing them from Zolus species is the curved, very long and narrow, medially untwisted right paramere of the aedeagus. Key to species of Oopterus Remarks. The only character distinguishing the genera Oopterus and Zolus is the shape of the right paramere of the male aedeagus. To facilitate identifi cation based on external morphology, Zolus species are inserted into the Oopterus key, with cross-references to the Zolus key. 1. Pronotum without setiferous punctures on each side .................................................................2 — Pronotum with setiferous punctures on each side ....................................................................11 2(1). Setiferous punctures absent on inner side of each eye; Fig. 24. [Body length 4.9–5.5 mm; microsculpture absent; basal margin of elytra incomplete, reaching about stria 4; southwestern South Island (FD, OL, SL)] ...............................................................Oopterus suavis Broun — Setiferous punctures present on inner side of each eye ..............................................................3 3(2). Two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye; Fig. 25. [Body length 5.9–6.4 mm; basal margin of elytra complete, reaching about scutellum; South Island (MC, Banks Peninsula)] .......................................................................................................Oopterus laevicollis Bates — A single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly) ..........................................4 4(3). Basal margin of elytra complete, reaching about scutellum ......................................................5 — Basal margin of elytra incomplete, reaching about stria 4 ........................................................8 5(4). Elytral microsculpture present ....................................................................................................6 — Elytral microsculpture absent ......................................................................................................7 6(5) Rather small, body length 4.5–5.4 mm; interval 3 with four foveate setiferous punctures; Fig. 26. [Southwestern South Island (FD, OL)] ........ Oopterus quadripunctatus new species — Larger, body length 7.0–9.2 mm; interval 3 or stria 3 with three non-foveate setiferous punctures; Fig. 20–23. [North and South Islands] ....................................................................................... .............Zolus carinatus, Z. kauriensis, Z. helmsi, Z. wongi; see Key to species of Zolus 7(5). Rather small, body length 3.4–4.2 mm; head, pronotum, and elytra mostly testaceous; eyes subdepressed; tempora moderately infl ated; pronotum strongly convex, sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly, laterobasal foveae subrectangular; Fig. 27. [Southwestern South Island (FD)] ..................................................................................Oopterus discoideus new species INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 17THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND — Larger, body length 5.7–6.6 mm; head, pronotum, and elytra mostly reddish black; eyes moderately convex; tempora not infl ated; pronotum moderately convex, sides moderately rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly, laterobasal foveae oblong; Fig. 28. [Southwestern South Island (FD)] ...........................................................................Oopterus marrisi new species 8(4). Elytra without microsculpture; elytral striae mostly replaced by rows of coarse punctures; Fig. 29. [Body length 4.1–4.9 mm; western South Island (NN, BR, WD)] ....................................... ...........................................................................................................Oopterus lewisi (Broun) — Elytra with microsculpture; elytral striae present, consisting of mostly obsolete lines ...........9 9(8). Rather large, body length 5.4–6.2 mm; pronotum with posterolateral carinae blunt; elytra ovate, microsculpture moderately transverse, sides strongly rounded; Fig. 30. [Southern South Island (SC to FD–SL) and Stewart Island] ............................................ Oopterus patulus (Broun) — Smaller, body length 4.6–5.0 mm; pronotum with posterolateral carinae sharp; elytra subovate, microsculpture very transverse (with microlines), sides moderately rounded. [North Island] ...................................................................................................................................................10 10(9). Pronotum strongly transverse, widest before middle, sides moderately sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles rectangular, laterobasal foveae coarsely punctate; elytral shoulders moderately rounded; Fig. 31. [Body length 4.6–5.0 mm; North Island (ND to WN–WA)] ...... ..........................................................................................................Oopterus fulvipes Broun — Pronotum slightly transverse, widest about middle, sides not sinuate, posterolateral angles obtuse, laterobasal foveae impunctate; elytral shoulders obtuse; Fig. 32. [Body length 5.1–6.0 mm; North Island (ND to WN–WA)] ........................................... Oopterus sobrinus Broun 11(1). Pronotum with a single setiferous puncture on each side ........................................................12 — Pronotum with two setiferous punctures on each side .............................................................19 12(11). Head with a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly) ......................13 — Head with two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye ................................................14 13(12). Pronotum with a posterior setiferous puncture on each side; elytra with basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4; Fig. 33. [Body length 5.8–6.4 mm; northwestern South Island (BR, NN)] ................................................................................................. Oopterus collaris Broun — Pronotum with an anterior setiferous puncture on each side; elytra with basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum; Fig. 159. [Body length 9.2–10.1 mm; southwestern South Island (OL, WD)] ................................. Zolus unisetosus new species; see Key to species of Zolus 14(12). Pronotum with an anterior setiferous puncture on each side ..................................................15 — Pronotum with a posterior setiferous puncture on each side ...................................................17 15(14). Microsculpture absent on pronotum and elytra; elytral striae mostly replaced by rows of coarse punctures; Fig. 34. [Body length 4.1–5.3 mm; western South Island (NN, WD)] .................... ................................................................................................ Oopterus laeviventris (Sharp) — Microsculpture present, very transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra; elytral striae present, consisting of fi nely punctate lines ............................................................................16 16(15). Rather large, body length 7.9 mm; forebody narrow in comparison to elytra; antennae subfi liform, very long; tempora strongly infl ated; pronotum subquadrate, not cordate, posterolateral angles subrectangular; elytral striae mostly obsolete; Fig. 35. [Northwestern South Island (NN, Mount Arthur)] .................................................... Oopterus arthurensis new species 18 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE — Smaller, body length 4.3–4.6 mm; forebody wide in comparison to elytra; antennae submoniliform, moderately long; tempora not infl ated; pronotum strongly transverse, moderately cordate, posterolateral angles obtuse; elytral striae mostly visible; Fig. 36. [Southwestern South Island (FD, Gilbert Islands)] ......................................................... Oopterus corvinki new species 17(14). Rather large, body length 7.1–7.7 mm; head, pronotum, and elytra dull; elytral microsculpture isodiametric; antennae subfi liform, very long; pronotum with laterobasal foveae simple, lateral grooves very deep and long; Fig. 19. [Southern South Island (CO, FD, OL, SL)] .................... ...........................................................................Zolus subopacus; see Key to species of Zolus — Smaller, body length 4.8–5.7 mm; head, pronotum, and elytra shiny; elytral microsculpture very transverse (with microlines); antennae submoniliform, moderately long; pronotum with laterobasal foveae double, without lateral grooves ................................................................18 18(17). Pronotum with sides moderately rounded, not sinuate posteriorly, laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned, without posterolateral carinae; elytral striae 5–7 poorly developed, incomplete; Fig. 37. [Body length 5.3–5.7 mm; southern South Island (CO, MK)] ........Oopterus palmai new species — Pronotum with sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly, laterobasal foveae well defi ned, oblong, posterolateral carinae blunt, very long; elytral striae 5–7 well developed, complete; Fig. 38. [Body length 4.8–5.2 mm; southern South Island (CO, Rock and Pillar Range)] ............................................................................. Oopterus monticola new species 19(11). A single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly); Fig. 39. [Body length 3.9–4.6 mm; Subantarctic Islands (SN)] ....................................................Oopterus strenuus Johns — Two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye ..................................................................20 20(19). Elytra (Fig. 12) with apical seta, but without subapical seta; Fig. 40. [Body length 4.5–5.6 mm; basal margin of elytra incomplete, reaching about stria 4; Subantarctic Islands (AN, AU, CA, SN) and Stewart Island] ...................................... Oopterus clivinoides Guérin-Méneville — Elytra (Fig. 11) with both apical and subapical setae ..............................................................21 21(20). Basal margin of elytra complete, reaching about scutellum ....................................................22 — Basal margin of elytra incomplete, reaching about stria 4 ......................................................24 22(21). Eyes moderately convex; pronotum with posterolateral angles rectangular, laterobasal foveae coarsely punctate; microsculpture obsolete on pronotum and elytra; Fig. 41. [Body length 5.0–6.1 mm; southern North Island (TK–HB to WN–WA)] ...................................................... ........................................................................................... Oopterus mohiensis new species — Eyes slightly convex; pronotum with posterolateral angles obtuse, laterobasal foveae fi nely punctate or virtually impunctate; microsculpture strong on pronotum and elytra .............23 23(22). Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; antennae entirely reddish; pronotum with sides moderately rounded, laterobasal foveae fi nely punctate, prolonged forward; elytral striae 2–7 incomplete; Fig. 42. [Body length 5.3–6.5 mm; southern North Island (WI, WN)] ........................................................................................................ Oopterus frontalis Broun — Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly dark brown; antennae with segments 1–3 reddish and segments 4–11 dark brown; pronotum with sides strongly rounded, laterobasal foveae virtually impunctate, not prolonged forward; all elytral striae complete; Fig. 43. [Body length 5.4–6.5 mm; South Island (MC, Banks Peninsula and the Port Hills, Christchurch)] ............ ......................................................................................................Oopterus punctatus Broun 24(21). Posterolateral angles of pronotum acute, projected laterally ...................................................25 — Posterolateral angles of pronotum subrectangular or obtuse ..................................................27 INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 19THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND 25(24). Forebody narrow in comparison to elytra; antennae subfi liform, very long; tempora strongly infl ated; pronotum subquadrate, strongly cordate; elytra subovate; Fig. 44. [Body length 5.9–7.3 mm; southwestern South Island (FD, OL, SL)] ............................................................ ...........................................................................................Oopterus trechoides new species — Forebody wide in comparison to elytra; antennae submoniliform, moderately long; tempora not infl ated; pronotum transverse, not cordate; elytra ovate ......................................................26 26(25). Pronotum widest about middle, base coarsely punctate, laterobasal foveae subrectangular, posterolateral carinae blunt, very long; elytra strongly convex; Fig. 45. [Body length 5.2–6.3 mm; northwestern South Island (NN)] .................................Oopterus sculpturatus Broun — Pronotum widest before middle, base impunctate, laterobasal foveae oblong, without posterolateral carinae; elytra moderately convex; Fig. 46. [Body length 4.6–5.7 mm; southeastern South Island (DN)] ................................................................................ Oopterus taieriensis new species 27(24). All elytral striae complete ..........................................................................................................28 — Most elytral striae incomplete ....................................................................................................31 28(27). Elytra with three setiferous punctures in stria 3 or on interval 3; tempora strongly infl ated (about as long as eyes or two-thirds as long) ..........................................................................29 — Elytra with four or fi ve setiferous punctures in stria 3; tempora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes) .........................................................................................................................30 29(28) Rather large, body length 7.4–7.8 mm; tempora about as long as eyes; eyes subdepressed; antennae subfi liform, very long; elytra widest before middle, discal setiferous punctures present on interval 3; Fig. 47. [Southwestern South Island (FD, OL, WD)] ............................ ....................................................................................................Oopterus ocularius (Broun) — Smaller, body length 4.9–5.4 mm; tempora about two-thirds as long as eyes; eyes moderately convex; antennae submoniliform, short; elytra widest about middle, discal setiferous punctures present in stria 3; Fig. 48. [Subantarctic Islands (CA)] ............Oopterus marrineri Broun 30(28). Elytra moderately convex, subovate, sides moderately rounded; pronotum strongly cordate, laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned; Fig. 49. [Rather large, body length 6.0–6.5 mm; Stewart Island] ...........................................................................Oopterus anglemensis new species — Elytra subdepressed, oblong, sides subparallel; pronotum not cordate, laterobasal foveae well defi ned, rectangular; Fig. 50. [Smaller, body length 3.9–5.2 mm; southern South Island (CO, OL)] .......................................................................................... Oopterus nanus new species 31(27). Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly dark reddish; tempora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes); pronotum strongly convex and cordate, posterolateral carinae blunt, short; elytra strongly convex; Fig. 51. [Body length 4.1–6.2 mm; southwestern South Island (FD, SL)] .............................................................................Oopterus garnerae new species — Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; tempora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes); pronotum moderately convex, not cordate, posterolateral carinae absent; elytra moderately convex; Fig. 52. [Body length 4.9–5.8 mm; southeastern South Island (DN, SL)] .......................................................................Oopterus nunni new species Oopterus suavis Broun, 1917 Fig. 24, 71, 146 Oöpterus suavis Broun, 1917: 365. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 3807. [male symbol] (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / [OL] Routeburn. 13.2.1914 (hand-written) / Oöpterus suavis. [male symbol] (hand-written).” 20 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Pseudoopterus suavis: Csiki 1928: 226. Oopterus suavis: Hudson 1934: 177. Description. Body length 4.9–5.5 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly reddish piceous; base of pronotum reddish; lateral margins, suture, and apex of elytra reddish; abdomen yellowish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; palpi with yellowish tinge; femora pale yellowish, reddish basally. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum moderately transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; setiferous punctures absent on inner side of each eye (present in other zoline species). Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base, unwrinkled, slightly transverse, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves moderately deep, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles acute, projected laterally; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep and wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, wider than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Stria 1 complete, deep; striae 2–7 incomplete, shallow, fi nely punctate; interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 71): moderately arcuate, strongly widened in apical half; base moderately biconvex dorsally; middle moderately convex dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex subtriangular, strongly concave dorsally, almost straight ventrally, with extreme tip unusually wide and short. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce moderately wide, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with fi ve apical setae. Material examined. 202 specimens (AMNZ, BMNH, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 146). South Island: FD, OL, SL. Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine. Epigean-arboreal. Forests (beech). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; active at night on mossy trees and logs; hides during the day under the loose bark of fallen trees. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October–March, August. Tenerals: December–March. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Defense mechanism: feigns death when disturbed. Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Regular climber on trees and logs. Collecting technique. Lifting loose bark of fallen trees. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 77 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 21 (list). Remark. Oopterus suavis is the only zoline species without setiferous punctures on the inner side of each eye. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 21THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Oopterus laevicollis Bates, 1871 Fig. 25, 72, 129 Oopterus laevicollis Bates, 1871: 14. Holotype: male (MNHN) labeled: “New Zealand (hand-written) / Oopterus laevicollis Bates (hand-written) / Ex Musaeo H. W. Bates 1892 (typed) / Museum Paris ex. Coll. R. Oberthur (typed).” Oöpterus puncticeps Broun, 1893: 1399 ([MC] Port Hills, Christchurch). Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 2440. (hand-written) / Canterbury (typed) / New Zeal. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Oöpterus puncticeps (hand-written).” New synonym Pseudoopterus laevicollis: Csiki 1928: 225. Pseudoopterus puncticeps: Csiki 1928: 225. Oopterus laevicollis: Hudson 1934: 177. Oopterus puncticeps: Hudson 1934: 177. Description. Body length 5.9–6.4 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly reddish piceous; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; abdomen reddish piceous, yellow laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; femora pale yellow. Microsculpture obsolete and isodiametric on head, strong, moderately transverse on pronotum, very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, very strong on elytra. Very shiny, with metallic luster (aeneous) on elytra. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tempora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, fi nely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, subquadrate, widest about middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead complete; sides moderately rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; setifer ous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, fi nely punctate, very deep and wide, square, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, about as wide as pronotal apex, slightly narrower than elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders obtuse. Sides moderately rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 72): strongly arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base strongly convex dorsally; middle strongly sinuate dorsally, moderately convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and long; apex slender, slightly convex dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with extreme tip unusually slender. Dorsal view: moderately wide, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to left); apex defl ected to left; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with three apical setae. Material examined. 85 specimens (AMNZ, BMNH, CMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, MNHN, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 129). South Island: MC–Banks Peninsula. Port Hills. Ecology. Lowland (hills). Epigean-arboreal. Wet or dry forests (broadleaf, podocarp, beech) and scrublands. Nocturnal; active on tree-trunks at night; hides during the day under logs and in leaf litter. Biology. Seasonality: throughout the year, except September, August. Tenerals: November–December, February. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Occasional climber on trees. 22 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Collecting techniques. Lifting logs; sifting leaf litter; pitfall trapping. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 74, 76 (as O. laevicollis, O. puncticeps; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (as O. laevicollis, O. puncticeps; list). Remarks. Bates’ original description was based on a single male. Three specimens, two males and one female, were obtained from the Bates collection in Paris (MNHN); the male bearing Bates’ handwritten identifi cation label is believed to be the holotype. Examination of the type of Oopterus puncticeps revealed it to be conspecifi c with O. laevicollis. Oopterus quadripunctatus new species Fig. 26, 73, 142 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND FD] Mt. [= Mount] Wilmot 1372m (hand-written) / Manapouri Exp. Jan 70 J. McBurney (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus quadripunctatus Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: two females (LUNZ, NZAC) from Percy Saddle (North of), Turret Range (FD), bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 4.5–5.4 mm. Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; abdomen piceous black to rufous; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; antennal segments 1–3, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segments 4–11 infuscated red. Microsculpture obsolete and isodiametric on head, strong, moderately transverse on pronotum, very isodiametric on elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny on head, moderately shiny on pronotum and elytra, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes subdepressed; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, obsoletely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, subquadrate, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex truncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead complete; sides moderately rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; setifer ous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, very deep, moderately wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base truncate, much narrower than pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders obtuse. Sides moderately rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; interval 3 with four foveate setiferous punctures (without or with 1–5 non-foveate punctures in other Oopterus species). Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 73): strongly arcuate, moderately widened in apical half; base rather strongly biconvex dorsally; middle moderately concave dorsally, moderately convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex triangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four or fi ve apical setae. Material examined. 176 specimens (AMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 142). South Island: FD, OL. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 23THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Ecology. Alpine. Endogean. Grasslands, fellfi elds, screes. Open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under well-embedded stones. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: November–February. Tenerals: February (FD). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting technique. Lifting stones. Remarks. The name of this species is based on the Latin quadri (four) and punctatus (punctate), referring to the four setiferous punctures on elytral interval 3. Oopterus quadripunctatus is morphologically close to O. discoideus and O. marrisi. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. quadripunctatus has the following distinguishing features: pronotum subquadrate, widest before middle; elytra moderately convex, microsculpture isodiametric, four foveate setiferous punctures on interval 3. All three species occur in southern areas of the South Island. Oopterus discoideus new species Fig. 27, 74, 125 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND FD] Wolfe Flat 600m-680m (typed) / Turret Ra [= Range] (typed) / Manapouri Exp. Jan. 70 J. McBurney (typed) / moss (typed) 70/69 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus discoideus Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: two females (LUNZ, NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 3.4–4.2 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly testaceous; disc of head dark rufous; base and disc of pronotum dark rufous; a dark rufous oblong vitta present on each elytron; abdomen dark rufous medially; antennae, palpi, and femora pale yellow; femora (base), tibiae, and tarsi reddish. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes subdepressed; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, obsoletely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, widest about middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, virtually impunctate, very deep and wide, subrectangular, not prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base subtruncate, about as wide as pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, very deep, coarsely punctate; striae 2–7 shallower apically; interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals strongly convex. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 74): moderately arcuate, strongly widened in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle moderately convex dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex triangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip narrow, long, and curved downward. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to 30 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet forests (beech, broadleaf, podocarp). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; active on trees at night; hides during the day under the loose bark of fallen trees, in fallen rotten branches, in moss growing on logs and trees. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: November–June, August. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Regular climber on trees and logs. Collecting techniques. Lifting loose bark of fallen trees; breaking rotten branches; sifting moss. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 74–75, 77 (as O. sobrinus, O. laevigatus, O. nigritulus; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (O. sobrinus, O. laevigatus, O. nigritulus; list). Remark. Examination of the types of Oopterus nigritulus and O. laevigatus revealed them to be conspecifi c with O. sobrinus. Oopterus collaris Broun, 1893 Fig. 33, 80, 123 Oöpterus collaris Broun, 1893: 1002. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / [male symbol] (hand-written) / 1797. (hand-written) / [NN] Mount Arthur. (hand-written) / Zolus. (hand-written) / New Zeal. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Oöpterus collaris [male symbol] (hand-written).” Pseudoopterus collaris: Csiki 1928: 225. Oopterus collaris: Hudson 1934: 177. Description. Body length 5.8–6.4 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly dark brown; head darker medially; abdomen reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish. Microsculpture obsolete and isodiametric on head, feeble and moderately transverse on pronotum, strong and very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, strong on elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum moderately transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, subquadrate, widest about middle; apex truncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides moderately rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves moderately to very deep, very long (as long as pronotum); a single setifer ous puncture on each side (posteriorly); posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae sharp, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, moderately deep and wide, oblong, prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, about as wide as pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides moderately rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae incomplete; striae 1–3 shallow, fi nely punctate; striae 4–7 obsolete, impunctate; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 6. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 80): strongly arcuate, not widened in apical half; base moderately biconvex dorsally; middle subparallel, slightly convex dorsally, moderately convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex triangular, slightly concave dorsally, straight ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 31THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, close to membranous area. Parameres with three apical setae. Material examined. 73 specimens (BMNH, JNNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 123). South Island: BR, NN. Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet forests (beech). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; active at night on trees and logs; hides during the day under loose bark of trees, and in moss growing on logs and trees. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October–May. Tenerals: December (NN). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Regular climber on trees and logs. Collecting techniques. Lifting loose bark of trees; sifting moss. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20 (list). Oopterus laeviventris (Sharp, 1883) Fig. 34, 81, 130 Tarastethus laeviventris Sharp, 1883: 24. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Tarastethus laeviventris [male symbol] type D.S. [BR] Greymouth Helms. (hand-written) / Type H.T. (circular red-bordered label; typed) / Greymouth New Zealand Helms. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Sharp Coll. 1905-313. (typed).” Molopsida laeviventris: Britton 1940: 477. Oopterus laeviventris: Johns 1980: 57. Description. Body length 4.1–5.3 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; apex of head reddish; lateral margins, suture, and apex of elytra reddish; abdomen reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs pale yellow; base of femora piceous black. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) very long, about 2.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base, unwrinkled, strongly transverse, slightly cordate, widest about middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; a single setiferous puncture on each side (anteriorly); posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep and wide, subrectangular, not prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, wider than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae mostly replaced by rows of coarse punctures; stria 1 complete, very deep; rows 2–5 moderately deep, obsolete apically; rows 6–7 obsolete basally; interval 3 with three setiferous punctures, close to row 3. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward row 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals slightly convex. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 81): 32 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE moderately arcuate, moderately widened in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle slightly concave dorsally, mostly straight ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and moderately long; apex subtriangular, slightly concave dorsally, straight ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with fi ve or six apical setae. Material examined. 157 specimens (AMNZ, BMNH, CMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 130). South Island: BR, MC, NN, WD. Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet forests (beech, podocarp, broadleaf) and scrublands. Shaded ground. Nocturnal; active at night on mossy logs; hides during the day in moss and leaf litter, as well as under logs. Biology. Seasonality: September, November–June. Tenerals: February–March (BR). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Occasional climber on logs. Collecting techniques. Pitfall trapping; sifting moss and leaf litter; lifting logs. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 74 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20 (list). Oopterus arthurensis new species Fig. 35, 121 Holotype: female (MONZ) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND NN] Mt. Balloon [= Balloon Hut, Mount Arthur] IN CAVE J.T. Salmon 24.I.48 (hand-written) / [female symbol] / HOLOTYPE [female symbol] Oopterus arthurensis Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Description. Body length 7.9 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly rufous; margins and suture of elytra red; antennae, palpi, and legs testaceous. Microsculpture strong, isodiametric on head, very transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent on head, very strong on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Forebody narrow in comparison to elytra (as in O. trechoides). Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae subfi liform (as in O. ocularius, O. trechoides, and Zolus species), very long: segment 1 (scape) very long, about 2.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, subparallel. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora strongly infl ated (about as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum slightly convex, fi nely punctate across base, wrinkled in basal half, subquadrate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles well developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides moderately rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; a single setifer ous puncture on each side (anteriorly); posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, fi nely punctate, very deep and wide, oblong, prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, about as wide as pronotal apex, much narrower than elytral base. Legs. Very long. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders oblique. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Stria 1 complete, deep; striae 2–7 incomplete, obsolete; striae 1–2 fi nely punctate; stria 3 with a single setiferous puncture (anteriorly). Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 6. Subapical seta present. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 33THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male unknown; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Male unknown. Material examined. 1 specimen (MONZ). Geographic distribution (Fig. 121). South Island: NN–Mount Arthur, Balloon Hut. Ecology. Subalpine. A beech forest and red tussock area. Found in a cave. Biology. Seasonality: January. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Fast runner (based on leg morphology). Remarks. This species is named after the type locality Mount Arthur (NN) and the Latin suffi x -ensis, denoting a place, locality, or country. Oopterus arthurensis is morphologically close to O. corvinki and has the following distinguishing features: body length 7.9 mm; forebody narrow in comparison to elytra; antennae subfi liform, very long; tempora strongly infl ated (about as long as eyes); pronotum subquadrate, not cordate, posterolateral angles subrectangular; elytral striae mostly obsolete. The two species are allopatric: O. arthurensis is restricted to the northwestern South Island (NN, Mount Arthur), while O. corvinki occurs in the southwest of the South Island (FD, Gilbert Islands). O. arthurensis, with its darkly colored body and normally developed eyes, is probably not a regular cave-dweller. Oopterus corvinki new species Fig. 36, 82, 124 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “NEW ZEALAND FD (typed) Breaksea So Gilbert Is No 6 May 1982 (hand-written) / C.F. Butcher ex litter r2 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus corvinki Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: two males (LUNZ, NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 4.3–4.6 mm. Head reddish, darker medially; pronotum and elytra dark red; abdomen mostly yellow, black anterobasally; lateral margins and a large apical space on each elytron pale yellow; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segment 1 (scape) and femora pale yellow. Microsculpture obsolete and isodiametric on head, strong and very transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent on head, very strong on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, with metallic luster (aeneous) on pronotum and elytra. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex truncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; a single setiferous puncture on each side (anteriorly); posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, shallow, very wide, subrectangular, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, about as wide as pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Stria 1 complete; striae 4–7 incomplete; striae 1–4 moderately deep; striae 5–7 shallow; striae 1–7 fi nely punctate; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward striae 5 or 6. Subapical seta present. Intervals slightly convex. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 82): 34 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE strongly arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle angulate basally and somewhat straight dorsally, moderately convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex subtriangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip moderately wide and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with fi ve apical setae. Material examined. 3 specimens (LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 124). South Island: FD–Breaksea Sound, Gilbert Islands. Ecology. Lowland. Wet forest (beech). Found in leaf litter. Biology. Seasonality: May. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting technique. Sifting leaf litter. Remarks. This species is named after our friend and colleague Cor J. Vink (Canterbury Museum, Christchurch) for his special help and encouragement in our entomological studies. Oopterus corvinki is morphologically close to O. arthurensis. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. corvinki has the following distinguishing features: body length 4.3–4.6 mm; antennae submoniliform, moderately long; tempora not infl ated; pronotum strongly transverse, moderately cordate, posterolateral angles obtuse; elytral striae mostly visible. The two species are allopatric: O. corvinki is restricted to the southwestern South Island (FD, Gilbert Islands), while O. arthurensis occurs in the northwest of the South Island (NN, Mount Arthur). Oopterus palmai new species Fig. 37, 83, 139 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “New Zealand MK (typed) Temple Stream Ohau Valley 11 April 2010 (typed) / Under log, mountain beech forest (typed) / JOHN NUNN (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus palmai Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratype: one female (NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing a blue paratype label. Description. Body length 5.3–5.7 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; apex and base of head reddish; base of pronotum reddish; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; abdomen yellowish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segment 1 (scape) pale yellowish; femora piceous black. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, obsolete and moderately transverse on pronotum, strong and very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, very strong on elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum moderately transverse, subtruncate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, subparallel. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled apically and discally, strongly transverse, widest about middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides moderately rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; a single setiferous puncture on each side (posteriorly); posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned, impunctate, shallow, moderately wide, not prolonged forward, double; base emarginate, about as wide as pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Mod- INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 35THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND erately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae 1–4 complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; striae 5–7 incomplete, obsolete. Interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 83): strongly arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle narrowed from base to apex, moderately convex dorsally, almost straight ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and moderately long; apex triangular, slightly concave dorsally and ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with seven apical setae. Material examined. 24 specimens (JNNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 139). South Island: CO–Rock and Pillar Range, Six-Mile Creek. MK– Lake Ohau. Ohau Range, Ohau Ski Field. Ohau Valley, Temple Stream. Ecology. Montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Dry forests (beech); fellfi elds. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under logs and stones. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: December, March–April. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting techniques. Lifting logs and stones. Remarks. This species is named after our friend and colleague Ricardo L. Palma (Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington) for his special help and encouragement in our entomological studies, and for his many years (1991–2016) as curator of entomology at the Museum of New Zealand. Oopterus palmai is morphologically close to O. monticola. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. palmai has the following distinguishing features: pronotum with sides moderately rounded, not sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral carinae absent, laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned; elytral striae 5–7 poorly developed, incomplete. Both species inhabit southern areas of the South Island: O. palmai occurs in the Central Otago (CO) and Mackenzie (MK) regions, while O. monticola is known only from Central Otago (CO, Rock and Pillar Range). Oopterus monticola new species Fig. 38, 84, 135 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND CO] Rock & Pillar Ra Otago 13.IX.69 J.S. Dugdale (typed) / moss (typed) 69/203 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus monticola Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (CMNZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 4.8–5.2 mm. Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; abdomen mostly dark brown, yellow laterally and apically; apex of head reddish; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; antennae and legs mostly reddish; antennal segments 1+2 pale yellow; palpi mostly yellow, strongly infuscated; femora dark brown. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, feeble and moderately transverse on pronotum, obsolete and very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, very strong on elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem- 36 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; a single setiferous puncture on each side (posteriorly); posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, shallow, moderately wide, oblong, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base subtruncate, about as wide as pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; striae 5–6 shallower; interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 84): strongly arcuate, strongly widened in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle slightly concave dorsally, strongly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex triangular, slightly biconcave dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with fi ve or six apical setae. Material examined. 6 specimens (CMNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 135). South Island: CO–Rock and Pillar Range (McPhees Rock; Otago Ski Hut). Ecology. Alpine. Epigean. Herbfi elds, along seepages and at the edge of a bog. Open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in moss. Biology. Seasonality: September, November. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting technique. Sifting moss. Remarks. The name of this species is based on the Latin noun mons, montis (mountain) and the suffi x -cola (dweller). Oopterus monticola is morphologically close to O. palmai. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. monticola has the following distinguishing features: pronotum with sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral carinae blunt and very long, laterobasal foveae well defi ned, oblong; elytral striae 5–7 well developed, complete. Both species occur in the southern South Island: O. monticola is restricted to Central Otago (CO, Rock and Pillar Range), while O. palmai occurs in the Central Otago (CO) and Mackenzie (MK) regions. Oopterus strenuus Johns, 1974 Fig. 39, 85, 145 Oopterus strenuus Johns, 1974: 299. Type locality: Station Point, SN. Description. Body length 3.9–4.6 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly reddish brown; lateral margins, suture, and apex of elytra reddish; abdomen reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; femora yellow. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, strong and moderately transverse on pronotum, obsolete and very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, feeble on elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 37THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tem pora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, unwrinkled, subquadrate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate or not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures present on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, very deep and wide, oblong, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, slightly narrower than pronotal apex and elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole absent. Striae incomplete; stria 1 deep; striae 2–7 obsolete, impunctate; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 85): moderately arcuate, not narrowed in apical half; base almost straight dorsally; middle moderately convex dorsally and angulate posteriorly, straight ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four apical setae. Material examined. 107 specimens (CMNZ, LUNZ, NZAC) Geographic distribution (Fig. 145). Subantarctic Islands: SN–Penguin Creek. Penguin Rookery. Sinkhole Drain. Sinkhole Flat. Station Point. Ecology. Lowland. Epigean. Wet peaty forests (Olearia); penguin colonies and their vicinity. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter and bird nests. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October, December–January. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting leaf litter; inspecting bird nests. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 77 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 21 (list). Oopterus clivinoides Guérin-Méneville, 1841 Fig. 40, 86, 122 Oopterus clivinoïdes Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 123. Type locality: Auckland Islands [AU]. Oopterus guerini Kirsch, in Kiesenwetter and Kirsch 1877: 158. Type locality: Auckland Islands [AU]. Synonymized by Gourlay 1950: 181. Oopterus tripunctatus Broun, 1909: 87. Type locality: Carnley Harbour, Auckland Islands [AU]. Synonymized by Gourlay 1950: 181. Oopterus tarsalis Broun, 1909: 89. Type locality: Campbell Island [CA]. Synonymized by Johns 1974: 297. Pseudoopterus guerini: Csiki 1928: 225. Pseudoopterus tripunctatus: Csiki 1928: 226. Pseudoopterus tarsalis: Csiki 1928: 226. 38 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Description. Body length 4.5–5.6 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; abdomen yellowish laterally and apically; antennae and legs reddish; palpi yellowish; femora yellowish, reddish basally. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, moderately transverse, strong on pronotum, feeble on elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, with metallic luster (aeneous) on head, pronotum, and elytra. Head. Labrum moderately transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora strongly infl ated (about two-thirds as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, fi nely punctate across base, wrinkled between laterobasal foveae, slightly transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, fi nely punctate, very deep and wide, oblong, prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae incomplete; stria 1 deep; striae 2–7 fi nely punctate, obsolete (striae 2–5 shallow medially); stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 7. Subapical seta absent (present in other Oopterus species). Intervals depressed. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical and two medial ambulatory setae; female with four apical and two medial ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 86): strongly arcuate, not widened in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle subparallel, dorsally angulate, moderately concave anteriorly and straight posteriorly, moderately concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area narrow and short; apex subtriangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: narrow, symmetrical (ostium of membranous area dorsal); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with three or four apical setae. Material examined. 653 specimens (AMNZ, CMNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 122). Stewart Island: Port William. Subantarctic Islands: AN, AU, CA, SN. Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Wet forests (broadleaf); peaty scrublands; tussock areas; pastures; fellfi elds, supralittoral zone; sea beaches; penguin, shag, and seal colonies. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under logs, stones, in leaf litter, moss and mat plants, also under cow dung, in turf, among tussock roots, in logs, and under algae. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October–February, April–May, July. Tenerals: December–April (AU). Predacious: amphipods, caterpillars. Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Lifting logs and stones; sifting leaf litter, moss, and mat plants. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20 (list). Remarks. Oopterus clivinoides is the only Oopterus species without an elytral subapical seta. This taxon, common in the Subantarctic Islands, is recorded for the fi rst time from Stewart Island (Port William; CMNZ). INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 39THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Oopterus mohiensis new species Fig. 41, 87, 134 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “NEW ZEALAND HB Mohi Bush Sce. Res. [= Scenic Reserve] 300m 21.I.1998 Larochelle and Larivière (typed) / Dry Tawa forest. Under fallen branches. (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus mohiensis Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: two males (CMNH, NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 5.0–6.1 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; apex and base of head reddish; base of pronotum reddish; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; abdomen reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segments 1+2 yellow; femora infuscated. Microsculpture mostly absent on head (isodiametric basally), obsolete and very transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent on head, feeble on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, subtruncate apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely punctate across base, unwrinkled, strongly transverse, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides moderately rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep and wide, subrectangular, not prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, wider than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae incomplete; stria 1 deep; striae 2–4 shallow, fi nely punctate; striae 5–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 87): strongly arcuate, not narrowed in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle rather straight dorsally, moderately convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex subtriangular, rather straight dorsally, straight ventrally, with extreme tip wide and rather long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four to six apical setae. Material examined. 38 specimens (AMNZ, CMNH, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 134). North Island: HB, TK, WA, WN. Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Wet or dry forests (beech, broadleaf); alpine tussock grasslands. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter and moss, under stones and fallen branches. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: December–March. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting leaf litter and moss; lifting stones and fallen branches; pitfall trapping. 46 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Oopterus ocularius (Broun, 1917) Fig. 47, 93, 138 Zolus ocularius Broun, 1917: 365. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 3808. [male symbol] (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / [OL] Mt. [= Mount] Earnslaw. 5.2.1914. (hand-written) / Zolus ocularius [male symbol]. (hand-written).” Oopterus ocularius: Jeannel 1940: 92. Zolus ocularius: Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 79. Oopterus ocularius: Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 45. Description. Body length 7.4–7.8 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly reddish piceous; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; abdomen yellow laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs testaceous. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, feeble and moderately transverse on pronotum, obsolete and very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, feeble on elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae subfi liform (as in O. arthurensis, O. trechoides, and Zolus species), very long: segment 1 (scape) very long, about 2.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes subdepressed; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora strongly infl ated (about as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, much longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, fi nely punctate, wrinkled across base, moderately transverse, widest just before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides moderately rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setifer ous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, fi nely punctate, very deep and wide, square, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base subtruncate, slightly wider than pronotal apex, slightly narrower than elytral base. Legs. Very long. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, widest before middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides moderately rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 93): strongly arcuate, moderately widened in apical half; base moderately biconvex dorsally; middle moderately concave dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex triangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: moderately wide, symmetrical (ostium of membranous area dorsal); apex straight; basal orifi ce wide, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with fi ve or seven apical setae. Material examined. 15 specimens (AMNZ, BMNH, JNNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 138). South Island: FD, OL, WD. Ecology. Lowland (hills), montane, subalpine. Endogean. Wet forests (beech). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under well-embedded logs. Biology. Seasonality: December–March. Tenerals: December (FD). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Fast runner. Collecting techniques. Lifting logs; pitfall trapping. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 47THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 75 (as Zolus ocularius; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2007: 45, 118 (as Oopterus ocularius; taxonomy), 2016: 21 (as Oopterus ocularius; list). Oopterus marrineri Broun, 1909 Fig. 48, 94, 132 Oopterus marrineri Broun, 1909: 88. Type locality: Campbell Island [CA]. Oopterus elongellus Broun, 1909: 89. Type locality: Campbell Island [CA]. Synonymized by Darlington 1964: 336. Pseudoopterus marrineri: Csiki 1928: 225. Pseudoopterus elongellus: Csiki 1928: 225. Oopterus marrineri: Johns 1974: 297. Description. Body length 4.9–5.4 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly reddish brown (forebody slightly paler); abdomen yellow laterally and apically; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish. Microsculpture strong, isodiametric on head, moderately transverse on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora strongly infl ated (about two-thirds as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, much longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled across base, slightly transverse, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex truncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves shallow, very long (about two-thirds as long as pronotum); two setifer ous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles obtuse; posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, moderately deep and wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base subtruncate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders moderately rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae complete, shallow, impunctate or fi nely punctate; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5 or 6. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical and two medial ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 94): moderately arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle strongly sinuate dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and long; apex subtriangular, moderately concave dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with two or three apical setae. Material examined. 201 specimens (AMNZ, CMNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 132). Subantarctic Islands: CA. Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Supralittoral zone; peaty scrublands; tussock swards; fellfi elds; mollymawk and penguin colonies. Open or shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under stones, in leaf litter, under pieces of wood, in/under tussock clumps and moss, and under mat plants. Gregarious. 48 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Biology. Seasonality: September–January, May, August. Tenerals: December–January. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with mites. Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Lifting stones and pieces of wood; sifting leaf litter and moss; inspecting vegetation clumps. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 75 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 21 (list). Oopterus anglemensis new species Fig. 49, 95, 120 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND SI] Mt. [= Mount] Anglem, 3000’ Stewart Island (typed) / 28.I.62 G. Kuschel (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus anglemensis Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: two females (AMNZ, NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 6.0–6.5 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly black; base of pronotum reddish; lateral margins and suture of elytra reddish; abdomen reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish. Microsculpture strong, isodiametric on head, very transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent on head, very strong on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, strongly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setifer ous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned, impunctate, shallow, very wide, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base subtruncate, much narrower than pronotal apex, slightly narrower than elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Moderately convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides moderately rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; stria 3 with four or fi ve setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 95): moderately arcuate, not widened in apical half; base moderately biconvex dorsally; middle subparallel, almost straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex subtriangular, slightly biconcave dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four or fi ve apical setae. Material examined. 48 specimens (AMNZ, CMNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 120). Stewart Island: Freds Camp. Freshwater. Mount Anglem. Oban. Ocean Beach. Pegasus Creek. Port Pegasus. Port William. Table Hill. Twilight Bay. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 49THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Wet forests (broadleaf, podocarp). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under logs, as well as in moss and leaf litter. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: January–February. Tenerals: February. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting techniques. Lifting logs; sifting moss and leaf litter. Remarks. This species is named after the type locality Mount Anglem (Stewart Island) and the Latin suffi x -ensis, denoting a place, locality, or country. Oopterus anglemensis is morphologically close to O. nanus. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. anglemensis has the following distinguishing features: body length 6.0–6.5 mm; pronotum strongly cordate, laterobasal foveae illdefi ned; legs moderately long; elytra moderately convex, subovate, sides moderately rounded. The two species are allopatric: O. anglemensis is restricted to Stewart Island, while O. nanus occurs in southern areas of the South Island (CO, OL). Oopterus nanus new species Fig. 50, 96, 136 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND CO] Old Man Ra CO 1615m 26 Feb 74 J.S. Dugdale (hand-written) / ex Celmisia haastii (hand-written) / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus nanus Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: two females (LUNZ, NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 3.9–5.2 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly black; abdomen reddish piceous laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, obsolete and moderately transverse on pronotum, feeble and isodiametric on elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setifer ous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, shallow, very wide, rectangular, not prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, slightly narrower than elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Subdepressed, oblong, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides subparallel. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; stria 3 with four unusually large setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5, 6 or 7. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 96): strongly arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base moderately biconvex dorsally; middle strongly convex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and moderately long; apex slender, strongly concave dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide, unusually long. Dorsal view: narrow, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four to six apical setae. 50 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Material examined. 196 specimens (AMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 136). South Island: CO, OL. Ecology. Alpine. Epigean. Fellfi elds; tussock grasslands. Open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day under stones and in mat plant litter. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: November–April. Tenerals: January–February. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Lifting stones; sifting plant litter. Remarks. The species name is based on the Latin noun nanus, denoting a dwarf, referring to the small size of the beetle. Oopterus nanus is morphologically close to O. anglemensis. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. nanus has the following distinguishing features: body length 3.9–5.2 mm; pronotum not cordate, laterobasal foveae well defi ned, rectangular; elytra subdepressed, oblong, sides subparallel. The two species are allopatric: O. nanus occurs in southern areas of the South Island (CO, OL), while O. anglemensis is restricted to Stewart Island. Oopterus garnerae new species Fig. 51, 97, 128 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND FD] Mt. [= Mount] Barber 1350m Wilmot Pass (hand-written) / Wilmot Pass 300m-630m (typed) / Manapouri Exp. Jan 70 A.C. Eyles (typed) / Mats (typed) 70/88 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus garnerae Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratype: one male (NZAC) from Lake Hauroko (FD), bearing a blue paratype label. Description. Body length 4.1–6.2 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly dark reddish (forebody slightly paler); disc of head darker; lateral margins, suture, and apex of elytra reddish; abdomen yellow laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segments 1+2 pale yellow; femora mostly pale yellow, reddish basally. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, moderately transverse on pronotum, strong and very transverse (with microlines) on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, very strong on elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, impunctate, unwrinkled, strongly transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, strongly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setifer ous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae blunt, short (shorter than adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, moderately deep, very wide, oblong, prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, slightly narrower than elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae shallow, fi nely punctate; stria 1 complete; striae 2–7 incomplete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5, 6 or 7. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 51THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 97): moderately arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle angulate anteriorly and slightly convex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and long; apex triangular, straight dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and long. Dorsal view: narrow, symmetrical (ostium of membranous area dorsal); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four to six apical setae. Material examined. 38 specimens (JNNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 128). South Island: FD, SL. Ecology. Montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Wet forests (beech); alpine grasslands. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in moss and tussock litter. Biology. Seasonality: October–February, April–June. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting moss and tussock litter; pitfall trapping. Remarks. This species is named after our friend and colleague Beulah Garner (The Natural History Museum, London) for facilitating our study of the type material of Carabidae, especially the Broun Collection. Oopterus garnerae is morphologically close to O. nunni. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. garnerae has the following distinguishing features: head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly dark reddish; tempora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes); pronotum strongly convex and cordate, posterolateral carinae blunt and short; elytra strongly convex. The two species are allopatric: O. garnerae occurs in the southwest of the South Island (FD, SL), while O. nunni is found in the southeast of the South Island (DN, SL). Oopterus nunni new species Fig. 52, 98, 137 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “NEW ZEALAND SL Catlins SFP [= Catlins State Forest Park], Tawanui Campground 100m 12.I.1999 Larochelle and Larivière (typed) / Wet beech forest – along stream banks – in leaf litter. (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus nunni Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (MONZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 4.9–5.8 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; disc of head paler; lateral margins, suture, and apex of elytra reddish yellow; abdomen reddish piceous, yellow laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; femora pale yellow. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, obsolete and very transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent on head, very strong on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, much longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, impunctate, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, widest before middle; apex emarginate; anterolateral angles moderately developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setifer ous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, impunctate, moderately deep, very wide, oblong, not 52 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, slightly narrower than elytral base. Legs. Moderately long. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae incomplete; striae 1–4 shallow, fi nely punctate; striae 5–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 98): moderately arcuate, not widened in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle slightly concave dorsally, moderately convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and long; apex subtriangular, slightly concave dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with extreme tip slender and curved downward. Dorsal view: narrow, symmetrical (ostium of membranous area dorsal); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with four to six apical setae. Material examined. 75 specimens (JNNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 137). South Island: DN, SL. Ecology. Lowland. Endogean. Wet forests (beech, broadleaf, podocarp), along streams. Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter, under well-embedded fallen branches, logs, and stones. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: December–March, July. Tenerals: February (DN). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting techniques. Treading leaf litter into water; lifting fallen branches, logs, and stones; pitfall trapping. Remarks. This species is named after our friend and colleague John Nunn (Dunedin) for his contribution to the building of important reference collections of New Zealand carabids. Oopterus nunni is morphologically close to O. garnerae. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, O. nunni has the following distinguishing features: head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; tempora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes); pronotum moderately convex, not cordate, posterolateral carinae absent; elytra moderately convex. The two species are allopatric: O. nunni is found in the southeast of the South Island (DN, SL), while O. garnerae occurs in the southwest of the South Island (FD, SL). Subtribe Merizodina Description (New Zealand). Aedeagus with basal orifi ce open anteriorly; basal bulb with lateral lobes unequal in length. References. Sloane 1920: 139 (Merizodini, new tribe); Jeannel 1940: 93 (as Merizodini); Roig-Juñent and Cicchino 2001: 651–670 (as Merizodina; phylogeny, key to subtribes); Lorenz 2005: 201 (as Merizodini, a junior synonym of Zolina). Remarks. Three New Zealand genera (Synteratus Broun, Pseudoopterus Csiki, Maungazolus new genus) share the genitalic characters assigned to Merizodina by Jeannel (1940) and Roig-Juñent and Cicchino (2001): aedeagus with basal orifi ce open anteriorly; basal bulb with lateral lobes unequal in length. The genera Synteratus and Pseudoopterus (taxon previously synonymized with Oopterus) are INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 53THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND transferred from subtribe Zolina to subtribe Merizodina. The presence of the latter subtribe is confi rmed here for New Zealand. Genus Synteratus Broun, 1909 Fig. 53, 99, 153 Synteratus Broun, 1909: 84. Type species. Synteratus ovalis Broun, 1909, by monotypy. Description. Body length 3.0–3.5 mm; ovate, not narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra (as opposed to other zoline genera). Color mostly dark. Metallic luster present. Dorsal surface mostly glabrous. Head. Narrow. Mandibles moderately long. Labrum slightly emarginate anteriorly. Eyes subdepressed; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Antennae submoniliform. Tempora infl ated. Mentum tooth entire (truncate apically). Ligula with six setae (two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free). Thorax. Pronotum transverse, trapezoidal; lateral grooves absent; setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral carinae absent; base wider than apex. Scutellum invisible, concealed under pronotal base. Legs. Short. Segments 1+2 of male protarsi with a single row of ventral scales. Elytra. Oblong. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellar striole. Shoulders well developed, angular. Scutellar setiferous pore present, inserted at junction of striae 1+2. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, consisting of lines; two or three discal setiferous punctures in stria 3; recurrent stria directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Apical seta present. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view: dorsal membranous area narrow. Dorsal view (Fig. 18): moderately wide; basal orifi ce wide, open anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area; lateral lobes of basal bulb widely distant (moderately distant in Maungazolus and Pseudoopterus). Parameres with two or three apical setae. Right paramere curved, very long, narrow, untwisted medially. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 77–78 (catalogue), 2007: 45 (description, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 21 (list). Remarks. The genus Synteratus is transferred from the subtribe Zolina to the subtribe Merizodina on the basis of the aedeagus with basal orifi ce open anteriorly and basal bulb with lateral lobes unequal in length. The morphological characters distinguishing this genus from Pseudoopterus and Maungazolus are: body ovate, not narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra; eyes subdepressed; pronotum trapezoidal, without lateral setiferous punctures; scutellum invisible, concealed under pronotal base; aedeagus (in dorsal view) with basal lobes widely open behind. Synteratus ovalis Broun, 1909 Fig. 53, 99, 153 Synteratus ovalis Broun, 1909: 85. Type locality: The Snares [SN]. Description. Body length 3.0–3.5 mm. Head reddish; pronotum and elytra mostly reddish piceous; lateral margins, suture and apex of elytra reddish; abdomen mostly reddish piceous, reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; femora mostly pale yellow, reddish basally. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, feeble and isodiametric on pronotum, moderately transverse on elytra. Iridescence absent on head and pronotum, moderately strong on elytra. Very shiny, with metallic luster (aeneous) on head, pronotum, and elytra. Head. Labrum moderately transverse, slightly emarginate. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes subdepressed; a single setiferous puncture on 54 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tem pora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, truncate apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately convex, fi nely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, subtriangular, widest basally; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, obtusely rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles obtusely rounded; laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned, fi nely punctate, shallow, very wide, not prolonged forward, double; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much wider than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, oblong, widest basally. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellar striole. Shoulders angular. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, shallow, fi nely punctate; stria 3 with two or three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt. Intervals depressed. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 99): very strongly arcuate, narrowed in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle strongly convex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area narrow anteriorly, moderately wide posteriorly, very long; apex slender, strongly convex dorsally, strongly concave ventrally, with extreme tip slender and curved downward. Dorsal view: moderately wide, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); basal orifi ce wide, open anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with two or three apical setae. Material examined. 187 specimens (AMNZ, CMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 153). Subantarctic Islands: SN. Ecology. Lowland. Endogean. Wet peaty forests (Olearia). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter, under fallen branches and logs, and in rotten pieces of wood. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: September–October, December–March. Tenerals: December, March, July. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with mites; regularly infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting leaf litter; lifting branches and logs; breaking rotten branches. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 77–78 (catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2007: 115 (taxonomy), 2016: 21 (list). Genus Pseudoopterus Csiki, 1928, reinstated Fig. 54–57, 100–103, 149–152 Pseudoopterus Csiki, 1928: 225. Synonymized with Oopterus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 by Jeannel (1940: 92). Reinstated as full genus Type species. Oopterus plicaticollis Blanchard, 1843, designated by Larochelle & Larivière (2001: 73). Description. Body length 3.7–5.7 mm; not ovate, narrowed around bases of pronotum and elytra. Color dark or pale. Metallic luster present or absent. Dorsal surface mostly glabrous. Head. Narrow or moderately wide. Mandibles moderately long. Labrum slightly emarginate. Eyes convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye (a single puncture posteriorly in P. otiraensis). Antennae submoniliform. Tempora infl ated. Mentum tooth bifi d (entire in other zoline genera). Mentum-submentum suture present as in other zoline genera (absent in P. plicaticollis). Ligula with two fused setae (with six setae in P. plicaticollis; two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free). Thorax. Pronotum cordate; INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 55THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND lateral grooves absent (present in P. latipennis); two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral carinae present, absent, or obsolete; base narrower than apex or about as wide as apex. Scutellum visible, inserted entirely between elytral bases. Legs. Short or moderately long. Segments 1+2 of male protarsi with two rows of ventral scales (with a single row in other zoline genera). Elytra. Ovate or subovate. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders poorly or well developed, rounded. Scutellar setiferous pore present, inserted at junction of striae 1+2. Scutellar striole present or absent. Striae complete or incomplete, consisting of lines (replaced by rows of coarse punctures in P. otiraensis). Three discal setiferous punctures in stria or row 3; recurrent stria directed apically toward stria or row 5 or 7. Subapical seta present. Apical seta present. Sutural apices acute, obtuse, or rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae (two additional medial ambulatory setae in P. plicaticollis); female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view: dorsal membranous area moderately wide. Dorsal view (Fig. 16): moderately wide; basal orifi ce wide, open anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area; lateral lobes of basal bulb moderately distant (as in Maungazolus). Parameres with three or four apical setae. Right paramere curved, very long, narrow, untwisted medially. References. Csiki 1928: 225 (taxonomy); Jeannel 1940: 92 (taxonomy). Remarks. The genus Pseudoopterus Csiki, 1928 was synonymized with Oopterus by Jeannel (1940) without justifi cation. This taxon is resurrected from synonymy here on the basis of the bifi d mentum tooth, the two ventral rows of scales on segments 1+2 of the male protarsi, and the aedeagus with its dorsal membranous area moderately wide and moderately distant from the basal bulb. The genus Pseudoopterus now includes two newly described species as well as two species previously described in Oopterus. Key to species of Pseudoopterus 1. A single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly); elytral striae replaced by rows of coarse punctures; microsculpture absent on elytra; Fig. 54. [Body stout, length 3.7–4.6 mm; western South Island (BR, WD)] .................. Pseudoopterus otiraensis new species — Two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye; elytral striae present, consisting of lines; microsculpture present on elytra ..............................................................................................2 2(1). Body stout; elytra mostly dark brown, without reddish apical spots; pronotum coarsely wrinkled discally; striae very deep; mentum–submentum suture absent; ligula (Fig. 6) with six apical setae (two medial setae fused, four lateral setae free); Fig. 55. [Body length 4.1–4.5 mm; Subantarctic Islands (AU)] ................................ Pseudoopterus plicaticollis (Blanchard) — Body slender; elytra mostly piceous black, with two reddish apical spots; pronotum fi nely wrinkled discally; striae shallow; mentum–submentum suture present; ligula (Fig. 4) with two fused apical setae; Fig. 56–57. [Body length 4.5–5.7 mm; South Island] ........................3 3(2). Elytra moderately convex, with two large reddish apical spots, microsculpture present on entire surface; pronotum with lateral grooves moderately deep, very long, posterolateral angles acute, projected laterally, posterolateral carinae blunt, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); Fig. 56. [Body length 4.5–5.5 mm; western and southern South Island (NN to OL–CO)] ...... ........................................................................................ Pseudoopterus latipennis (Broun) — Elytra strongly convex, with two small reddish apical spots, microsculpture present in apical half only; pronotum without lateral grooves, posterolateral angles rectangular, posterolateral carinae absent; Fig. 57. [Body length 5.3–5.7 mm; southwestern South Island (FD)] ............ .........................................................................Pseudoopterus fi ordlandensis new species 62 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE — Antennae entirely pale reddish; head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; elytral sides and apex narrowly pale reddish; elytral striae present, consisting of lines; mentum (Fig. 7) with medial tooth acute apically; Fig. 62. [Body length 2.8–3.5 mm; southwestern South Island (FD)] ................................................................................ Maungazolus acutus new species 6(2). Antennae entirely testaceous; eyes moderately convex; tempora not infl ated; pronotum widest about middle; rather large, body length 3.8–4.1 mm; Fig. 63. [Northwestern South Island (NN)] .................................................................................Maungazolus pallidipes (Broun) — Antennae with segments 1+2 yellow and segments 3–11 reddish; eyes slightly convex; tempora moderately infl ated; pronotum widest before middle; smaller, body length 2.9–3.4 mm ......7 7(6). Head and pronotum entirely dark brown; elytra yellowish, dark brown on disc; pronotum moderately transverse and cordate; elytral with striae finely punctate and intervals subdepressed; Fig. 64. [Body length 2.9–3.4 mm; southern North Island (WN) and northern South Island (MB, NN, SD)] ................................Maungazolus ranatungae new species — Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly testaceous, black on disc; pronotum strongly transverse and cordate; elytra with striae coarsely punctate and intervals moderately convex; Fig. 65. [Body length 3.1–3.3 mm; southern North Island (WN, Tararua Range)] .......................................... ..............................................................................Maungazolus tararuaensis new species Maungazolus pygmeatus (Broun, 1907), new combination Fig. 58, 104, 116 Oöpterus pygmeatus Broun, 1907: 57. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red–bordered label; typed) / 2618. [male symbol] (hand-written) / New Zeal. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / [CO] Obelisk Pk. [= Peak] Carrick Range (hand-written) / Oöpterus pygmeatus. (hand-written).” Oöpterus basalis Broun, 1915: 274. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 3684. (hand-written) / [OL] Lomond [= Ben Lomond]. Dec. 1912. (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Oöpterus basalis. [male symbol] (hand-written).” New synonym Oöpterus minor Broun, 1917: 364. Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 3805. [male symbol]. (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / [OL] Mount Dick. 10.3.1914 (hand-written) / Oöpterus minor. [male symbol] (hand-written).” New synonym Pseudoopterus pygmeatus: Csiki 1928: 225. Pseudoopterus basalis: Csiki 1928: 225. Pseudoopterus minor: Csiki 1928: 225. Oopterus pygmeatus: Hudson 1934: 38, 177. Oopterus basalis: Hudson 1934: 177. Oopterus minor: Hudson 1934: 177. Description. Body length 3.0–4.2 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly piceous black; extreme apex of elytra reddish; abdomen reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segments 1+2 and femora pale yellow, femora slightly contrasting with tibiae. Microsculpture obsolete on head, absent on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum moderately or strongly convex, usually coarsely punctate (rarely fi nely punctate) across base, wrinkled discally, moderately transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 63THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, usually coarsely punctate (rarely fi nely punctate or impunctate), very deep, moderately wide, rounded or oblong, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression deep, coarsely punctate (with 8 to 10 punctures); basal transverse impression deep, coarsely punctate (with 8 to 10 punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders rounded or obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Stria 1 complete; striae 2–7 incomplete; striae 1–4 shallow, fi nely punctate; striae 5–7 obsolete; stria 3 with four setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta absent (present in other Maungazolus species). Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 104): moderately arcuate, very strongly widened in apical half; base strongly biconvex dorsally; middle moderately concave dorsally, strongly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, unusually short, moderately convex dorsally, very concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide, unusually short and turned downward. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with three or four apical setae. Material examined. 141 specimens (AMNZ, BMNH, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 116). South Island: BR, CO, FD, MC, MK, OL, SL, WD. Ecology. Subalpine, alpine. Epigean. Mostly alpine fellfi elds and herbfi elds; also subalpine shrublands. Open or shaded ground. Nocturnal; active at night on moss; hides during the day under stones, in leaf litter and moss. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October–November, January–March, May. Tenerals: October (SL), January (FD, WD). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Occasionally infested with fungi (Laboulbeniales). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Occasional climber on moss. Collecting techniques. Lifting stones; sifting leaf litter and moss. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 73, 75–77 (as Oopterus pygmeatus, O. basalis, O. minor; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 20–21 (as Oopterus pygmeatus, O. basalis, O. minor; list). Remarks. Examination of the types of Oopterus basalis and O. minor revealed them to be conspecifi c with M. pygmeatus. This is the most widespread and most variable of all Maungazolus species (color; microsculpture of head; convexity; posterolateral angles and laterobasal foveae of pronotum; basal margin and shoulders of elytra). In addition, M. pygmeatus is the only Maungazolus species lacking the elytral subapical seta. Maungazolus septempunctatus new species Fig. 59, 105, 118 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND SI] Table Hill Stewart I. (typed) / 2000’ 16.II.68 J. McBurney (typed) / Mat plants (typed) 68/55 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Maungazolus septempunctatus Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (CMNZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. 64 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Description. Body length 3.1–4.4 mm. Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; lateral margins, suture, and extreme apex of elytra reddish; abdomen mostly reddish piceous, reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segment 1 (scape) and femora bright yellow, femora strongly contrasting with tibiae. Microsculpture strong and isodiametric on head, absent on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, with metallic luster (aeneous) on head, pronotum, and elytra. Forebody narrow in comparison to elytra (wide in other Maungazolus species). Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base, unwrinkled, slightly transverse, strongly cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, strongly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves shallow, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae; absent in other Maungazolus species); two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae ill-defi ned, coarsely punctate, shallow to moderately deep, moderately wide, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 8 punctures); basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 10 punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 3. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, fi nely punctate; stria 1 deep; striae 2–7 shallow; stria 3 with seven setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical and two medial ambulatory setae (without medial setae in other Maungazolus species); female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 105): moderately arcuate, not widened in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle slightly convex dorsally, mostly straight ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, strongly concave dorsally, vaguely slightly convex, with extreme tip wide and short. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with two or three apical setae. Material examined. 11 specimens (CMNZ, JNNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 118). Stewart Island: Mount Anglem. Table Hill. Ecology. Alpine. Epigean. Herbfi elds. Open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in mat plants. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: February. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting technique. Sifting mat plants. Remarks. The species name is derived from the Latin words septem (seven) and punctatus (punctate), referring to the presence of seven setiferous punctures in elytral stria 3. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, Maungazolus septempunctatus has the following distinguishing features: metallic luster present on head, pronotum, and elytra; forebody narrow in comparison to elytra; seven setiferous punctures in elytral stria 3. Maungazolus septempunctatus is restricted to Stewart Island, while other Maungazolus species occur on the South Island and in southern areas of the North Island. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 65THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Maungazolus priestleyensis new species Fig. 60, 106, 115 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND BR] Mt Priestly [= Mount Priestley] 915m J.G. McBurney (typed) / 10 Dec 1969 Litter (typed) 69/241 (hand-written) / TENERAL (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Maungazolus priestleyensis Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) from the same locality as the holotype and one male (MONZ) from Mount Dewar (BR), bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 4.0–4.3 mm. Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly dark reddish (forebody slightly paler); lateral margins, suture, and extreme apex of elytra pale reddish; abdomen mostly reddish piceous, reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; femora pale yellow, slightly contrasting with tibiae. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, moderately long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base, virtually unwrinkled, strongly transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, strongly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep, moderately wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with 10 to 12 punctures); basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 10 punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Moderately long (short in other Maungazolus species). Elytra. Strongly convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole absent. Stria 1 complete; striae 2–7 incomplete; striae 1–4 deep, coarsely punctate; striae 5–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals 1–3 slightly convex, 4–7 depressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 106): moderately arcuate, strongly widened in apical half; base moderately convex dorsally; middle biconvex dorsally, strongly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, strongly convex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with extreme tip wide and very long. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with two or three apical setae. Material examined. 5 specimens (MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 115). South Island: BR–Mount Dewar. Mount Priestley. Ecology. Montane. Epigean. Wet forest (beech). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter and moss. Biology. Seasonality: December. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Moderate runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting leaf litter and moss. 66 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Remarks. This species is named after the type locality, Mount Priestley (BR) and the Latin suffi x -ensis, denoting a place, locality, or country. Maungazolus priestleyensis is morphologically close to M. acutus and M. parvulus. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, M. priestleyensis has the following distinguishing features: pronotum with posterolateral angles subrectangular; elytra with basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum; body length 4.0–4.3 mm. Maungazolus priestleyensis is so far known from Mount Dewar and Mount Priestley (BR) only, while M. parvulus and M. acutus are more broadly distributed on the South Island in the northwest (BR, NN) and southwest (FD), respectively. Maungazolus parvulus (Broun, 1903), new combination Fig. 61, 114 Oöpterus parvulus Broun, 1903: 610. Lectotype (here designated): male (BMNH) labeled: “[male symbols] / Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 2617. [male symbol] (hand-written) / New Zeal. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / [NN] Westport 1902. / Oöpterus parvulus (hand-written) / LECTOTYPE [male symbol] Oopterus parvulus Broun, 1903 designated by Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed). New combination Pseudoopterus parvulus: Csiki 1928: 225. Oopterus parvulus: Hudson 1934: 177. Description. Body length 2.9–3.1 mm. Head yellowish, infuscated discally; pronotum and elytra yellowish, dark brown discally; elytra with suture reddish, sides and apex widely yellowish; abdomen mostly dark brown, yellowish laterally and apically; antennal segments 1+2, palpi, and legs yellowish; antennal segments 3–11 reddish. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, rounded apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base and fi nely punctate apically, unwrinkled, strongly transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles acute, projected laterally; posterolateral carinae obsolete; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, moderately deep and wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 10 punctures); basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 10 punctures); base subtruncate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae replaced by rows of coarse punctures, very deep; row 1 complete; rows 2–7 incomplete; row 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt, directed apically toward row 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals moderately convex. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Not seen (no specimen available for dissection). Material examined. 4 specimens (BMNH, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 114). South Island: BR–Punakaiki. NN–Westport. Ecology. Lowland. Epigean. Wet forests (beech). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in moss, and under logs and stones. Biology. Seasonality: October. Tenerals: March (BR). Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 67THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting moss; lifting logs and stones. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 76 (as Oopterus parvulus; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 21 (as Oopterus parvulus; list). Remark. Oopterus parvulus was described by Broun (1903: 610) based on two male syntypes mounted together on a white rectangular label (BMNH); the male on the left is selected as the lectotype, while the male on the right becomes a paralectotype. These type designations are made to preserve stability of nomenclature in the future. Maungazolus acutus new species Fig. 62, 107, 112 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “NEW ZEALAND FD Takahe Valley Murchison Mts [= Mountains] 11 Dec 1972 A.C. Eyles (typed) / Litter (typed) 72/271 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Maungazolus acutus Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (AMNZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 2.8–3.5 mm. Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; elytra with suture reddish, sides and apex narrowly pale reddish; abdomen mostly reddish black, reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs pale reddish; femora mostly bright yellow, strongly contrasting with tibiae, reddish basally. Microsculpture feeble and isodiametric on head, absent on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora slightly infl ated (about one third as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse, moderately cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, slightly sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles unusually acute, projected laterally; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep, moderately wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 10 punctures); basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 8 punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae fi nely punctate; stria 1 complete, deep; striae 2–4 incomplete, shallow; striae 5–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals depressed. Sutural apices obtuse. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 107): slightly arcuate, moderately widened in apical half; base mostly straight dorsally; middle strongly convex dorsally, mostly straight ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, slightly convex dorsally, straight ventrally, with extreme tip wide and short. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with four apical setae. Material examined. 79 specimens (AMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 112). South Island: FD. 68 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet subalpine forests (beech); alpine herbfi elds and fellfi elds. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; active at night on trees; hides during the day in leaf litter, tussock litter, moss, and under stones. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: December–February, April. Tenerals: November. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Occasional climber on trees. Collecting techniques. Sifting leaf litter, tussock litter, and moss; lifting stones. Remarks. The name of this species is derived from the Latin adjective acutus (acute), referring to the shape of the posterolateral angles of the pronotum. Maungazolus acutus is morphologically close to M. parvulus. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, M. acutus has the following distinguishing features: antennae entirely pale reddish; head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; elytra with sides and apex narrowly pale reddish, striae present, fi nely punctate, and intervals depressed; mentum with medial tooth acute apically. The two species are allopatric: M. acutus is known only from the Fiordland region (southwestern South Island), while M. parvulus occurs in the northwest of the South Island (BR, NN). Maungazolus pallidipes (Broun, 1893), new combination Fig. 63, 108, 113 Oöpterus pallidipes Broun, 1893: 1003. Holotype: female [teneral] (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / [female symbol] (hand-written) / 1798 (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Oöpterus pallidipes (hand-written).” Pseudoopterus pallidipes: Csiki 1928: 225. Oopterus pallidipes: Hudson 1934: 177. Description. Body length 3.8–4.1 mm. Head reddish, infuscated discally; pronotum pale reddish, brownish discally; elytra reddish, brownish discally, sides and apex widely pale yellow; abdomen mostly dark reddish, pale reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs testaceous; femora pale yellow, strongly contrasting with tibiae. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora not infl ated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, truncate apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base and fi nely punctate apically, wrinkled discally, slightly transverse, moderately cordate, widest about middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles rectangular; posterolateral carinae obsolete; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, moderately deep and wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression replaced by two foveolae; basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with about 10 punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae coarsely punctate; stria 1 complete, very deep; striae 2–4 incomplete, moderately deep; striae 5–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals moderately convex. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambula- INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 69THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND tory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 108): strongly arcuate, very strongly widened in apical half; base moderately convex dorsally; middle moderately sinuate dorsally, strongly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex triangular, slightly concave dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and short. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with two apical setae. Material examined. 149 specimens (BMNH, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 113). South Island: NN. Ecology. Montane, subalpine, alpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet forests (beech); alpine tussock grasslands and fellfi elds. Shaded (usually) or open ground. Nocturnal; active at night on mossy, logs, and trees; hides during the day in moss and leaf litter. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: November–March. Tenerals: March, May. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Occasional climber on trees. Collecting techniques. Sifting moss and leaf litter. References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 75–76 (as Oopterus pallidipes; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2016: 21 (as Oopterus pallidipes; list). Remark. Broun (1887: 604) cited Oopterus pallidipes from Mount Arthur, NN, without providing any description. This comment and Broun’s annotation of his personal copy of his manual suggest Mount Arthur, NN, as the type locality. Maungazolus ranatungae new species Fig. 64, 109, 117 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “[NEW ZEALAND MB] Fell Pk. [= Mount Fell] 1296m (typed) / Richmond Ra. [= Range] (typed) / 13 March 69 J.C. Watt (typed) / Litter (typed) 69/113 (hand-written) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Maungazolus ranatungae Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratypes: one female (NZAC) and one male (LUNZ) from the same locality as the holotype, bearing blue paratype labels. Description. Body length 2.9–3.4 mm. Head and pronotum dark brown; elytra yellowish, dark brown discally, base dark brown medially, sides and apex widely pale yellow; abdomen mostly reddish piceous, reddish laterally and apically; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segments 1+2 yellow; femora bright yellow, strongly contrasting with tibiae. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, slightly emarginate apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely punctate across base, unwrinkled, moderately transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae absent; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, coarsely punctate, very deep, moderately wide, rounded, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal 70 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE transverse impression replaced by two foveolae; basal transverse impression well developed, coarsely punctate (with 10 to 12 punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, subovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae fi nely punctate; stria 1 complete, very deep; striae 2–5 incomplete, shallow; striae 6–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, blunt, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 109): rather strongly arcuate, not widened in apical half; base moderately convex dorsally; middle slightly concave dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, moderately convex dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and short. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with two apical setae. Material examined. 49 specimens (LUNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 117). North Island: WN–Tararua Range (Dundas Ridge Hut; Otaki Forks, Judd Ridge). South Island: MB–Mount Fell. Mount Johnson. NN–Abel Tasman National Park, Moa Park. SD–Mount Stokes. Ecology. Montane, alpine. Epigean. Mostly forests (beech); tussock grasslands. Shaded or open ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter and tussock litter. Gregarious. Biology. Seasonality: October–December, March. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting techniques. Sifting leaf litter and tussock litter. Remarks. This species is named after Dhahara Ranatunga (Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland) for her special help in our entomological studies. Maungazolus ranatungae is morphologically close to M. tararuaensis. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, M. ranatungae has the following distinguishing features: head and pronotum dark brown; elytra yellowish, dark brown discally; abdomen mostly reddish piceous; mentum tooth slightly emarginate apically; pronotum moderately transverse and cordate, coarsely punctate across base; elytra with striae fi nely punctate and intervals subdepressed. M. ranatungae occurs in the south of the North Island (WN) and northern areas of the South Island (MB, NN, SD), while M. tararuaensis is only found in the south of the North Island (WN). M. ranatungae is the only zoline species known from both North and South Islands. Maungazolus tararuaensis new species Fig. 65, 110, 119 Holotype: male (NZAC) labeled: “NEW ZEALAND WN Dennan Tararua FP [= Forest Park] 4 Jun 1984 (hand-written) / J. Nunn (typed) / [male symbol] / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Maungazolus tararuaensis Larochelle & Larivière, 2017 (red label; typed).” Paratype: one male (NZAC) from Field’s Hut [= Field Hut], Tararua FP [= Forest Park] (WN), bearing a blue paratype label. Description. Body length 3.1–3.3 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen mostly testaceous; disc of head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen black; suture of elytra reddish to black; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; antennal segments 1+2 and femora bright yellow, femora strongly contrasting with tibiae. Microsculpture absent. Iridescence absent. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum strongly transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae submoniliform, short: segment 1 (scape) short, INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 71THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND stout, about 1.5x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, deep, convergent. Eyes slightly convex; two setiferous punctures on inner side of each eye. Tem pora moderately infl ated (about half as long as eyes). Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, slightly longer than ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, fi nely punctate across base, wrinkled discally, strongly transverse and cordate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead incomplete, obsolete medially; sides strongly rounded, not sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves absent; two setiferous punctures on each side; posterolateral angles subacute; posterolateral carinae obsolete; laterobasal foveae well defi ned, virtually impunctate, very deep, moderately wide, oblong, not prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; sub-basal transverse impression replaced by two foveolae; basal transverse impression poorly developed, virtually impunctate (with about 10 obsolete punctures); base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Short. Elytra. Strongly convex, ovate, widest about middle. Basal margin incomplete, reaching about stria 4. Shoulders rounded. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole obsolete. Striae coarsely punctate; stria 1 complete, very deep; striae 2–7 incomplete; striae 2–5 moderately deep; striae 6–7 obsolete; stria 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5. Subapical seta present. Intervals moderately convex. Sutural apices rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female unknown. Aedeagus. Lateral view (Fig. 110): strongly arcuate, very strongly widened in apical half; base moderately convex dorsally; middle strongly convex dorsally, slightly convex ventrally, with dorsal membranous area very wide and long; apex subtriangular, slightly concave dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with extreme tip wide and short. Dorsal view: very narrow, almost thin, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area defl ected to right); apex straight; basal orifi ce narrow, very close to membranous area. Parameres with four or fi ve apical setae. Material examined. 3 specimens (JNNZ, NZAC). Geographic distribution (Fig. 119). North Island: WN–Tararua Range (Dennan; Field Hut). Ecology. Montane. Forests (beech). Epigean. Shaded ground. Nocturnal; hides during the day in leaf litter. Biology. Seasonality: January, June. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology). Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of fl ight). Slow runner. Collecting technique. Sifting leaf litter. Remarks. This species is named after the Tararua Range (WN) where the beetle occurs, and the Latin suffi x -ensis, denoting a place, locality, or country. Maungazolus tararuaensis is morphologically close to M. ranatungae. In addition to diagnostic characters of the male genitalia, M. tararuaensis has the following distinguishing features: head, pronotum, and elytra mostly testaceous; disc of head, pronotum, elytra, and abdomen black; mentum tooth acute apically; pronotum strongly transverse and cordate, fi nely punctate across base; elytra with striae coarsely punctate and intervals moderately convex. Maungazolus tararuaensis is only found in the south of the North Island (WN), while M. ranatungae occurs both in the south of the North Island (WN) and in northern areas of the South Island (MB, NN, SD). Acknowledgments For the opportunity to examine material in their care, the authors thank J. M. W. Marris (Entomology Research Museum, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand), J. W. Early and D. Ranatunga (Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland, New Zealand), R. L. Palma and P. Sirvid (Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand), J. Nunn (Dunedin, New Zealand), C. J. Vink (Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand), R. Davidson (Carnegie Museum of Natural 78 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Port Hills, Christchurch MC -43.6600 172.6000 Port Levy, Banks Peninsula MC -43.6490 172.8206 Port Pegasus SI -47.2182 167.6829 Port William SI -46.8451 168.0866 Punakaiki BR -42.1080 171.3359 Richmond Range MB -41.4500 173.3800 Rock and Pillar Range CO -45.3934 170.1145 Routeburn OL -44.7280 168.1960 Sinkhole Drain SN -48.0105 166.5888 Sinkhole Flat SN -48.0105 166.3600 Six-Mile Creek, Rock and Pillar Range CO -45.4449 170.1146 Spey River FD -45.5494 167.2142 Station Point SN -48.0150 166.6060 Stewart Island SI -46.9962 167.8842 Table Hill SI -47.0396 167.8425 Taieri Mouth DN -46.0546 170.1934 Taieri River DN -46.0384 170.1819 Takahe Valley FD -45.2891 167.6574 Tapu-Coroglen Saddle CL -36.9881 175.5866 Tararua Forest Park/Range WN -40.9000 175.3300 Tawanui Campground, Catlins State Forest Park SL -46.4588 169.4937 Temple Stream, Ohau Valley MK -44.1207 169.8347 The Snares SN -48.0210 166.6027 Turret Range FD -45.5312 167.3401 Twilight Bay SI -47.1620 167.6990 Wadestown WN -41.2629 174.7740 Waitakere Ranges AK -36.9924 174.5203 Wellington WN -41.2783 174.7771 Westport NN -41.7526 171.5834 Wilmot Pass FD -45.5081 167.1925 Wilton’s Bush WN -41.2700 174.7500 Wolfe Flat, Turret Range FD -45.5200 167.3200 INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 79THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 1–18. Microsculpture: 1) isodiametric; 2) mode rately transverse; 3) very transverse. Ligula: 4) with two fused setae; 5) four setae (medial setae fused); 6) six setae (medial setae fused). Mentum tooth: 7) entire, acute; 8) entire, rounded; 9) entire, truncate; 10) bifi d. Elytral apex: 11) subapical seta present; 12) subapical seta absent. Right paramere: 13) straight, twisted medially; 14) curved, untwisted. Aedeagus, dorsal: 15) basal orifi ce closed anteriorly; 16–18) basal orifi ce open anteriorly. 80 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 19–22. Dorsal habitus. 19) Zolus subopacus. 20) Z. kauriensis new species, teneral. 21) Z. carinatus. 22) Z. helmsi. Scale line = 1 mm. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 81THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 23–26. Dorsal habitus. 23) Zolus wongi new species. 24) Oopterus suavis. 25) O. laevicollis. 26) O. quadripunctatus new species. Scale line = 1 mm. 82 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 27–30. Dorsal habitus. 27) Oopterus discoideus new species. 28) O. marrisi new species. 29) O. lewisi. 30) O. patulus. Scale line = 1 mm. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 83THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 31–34. Dorsal habitus. 31) Oopterus fulvipes. 32) O. sobrinus. 33) O. collaris. 34) O. laeviventris. Scale line = 1 mm. 84 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 35–38. Dorsal habitus. 35) Oopterus arthurensis new species. 36) O. corvinki new species. 37) O. palmai new species. 38) O. monticola new species. Scale line = 1 mm. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 85THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 39–42. Dorsal habitus. 39) Oopterus strenuus. 40) O. clivinoides. 41) O. mohiensis new species. 42) O. frontalis. Scale line = 1 mm. 86 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 43–46. Dorsal habitus. 43) Oopterus punctatus new species. 44) O. trechoides new species. 45) O. sculpturatus. 46) O. taieriensis new species. Scale line = 1 mm. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 87THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 47–50. Dorsal habitus. 47) Oopterus ocularius. 48) O. marrineri. 49) O. anglemensis new species. 50) O. nanus new species. Scale line = 1 mm. 94 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 82–89. Aedeagi, lateral. 82) Oopterus corvinki new species. 83) O. palmai new species. 84) O. monticola new species. 85) O. strenuus. 86) O. clivinoides. 87) O. mohiensis new species. 88) O. frontalis. 89) O. punctatus new species. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 95THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 90–97. Aedeagi, lateral. 90) Oopterus trechoides new species. 91) O. sculpturatus. 92) O. taieriensis new species. 93) O. ocularius. 94) O. marrineri. 95) O. anglemensis new species. 96) O. nanus new species. 97) O. garnerae new species. 96 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 98–105. Aedeagi, lateral. 98) Oopterus nunni new species. 99) Synteratus ovalis. 100) Pseudoopterus otiraensis new species. 101) P. plicaticollis. 102) P. latipennis. 103) P. fi ordlandensis new species. 104) Maungazolus pygmeatus. 105) M. septempunctatus new species. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 97THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 106–110. Aedeagi, lateral. 106) Maungazolus priestleyensis new species. 107) M. acutus new species. 108) M. pallidipes. 109) M. ranatungae new species. 110) M. tararuaensis new species. 98 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figure 111. Map of New Zealand, outlying islands, areas and area codes. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 99THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 112–117. Species distribution maps. 112) Maungazolus acutus new species. 113) M. pallidipes. 114) M. parvulus. 115) M. priestleyensis new species. 116) M. pygmeatus. 117) M. ranatungae new species. 100 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 118–123. Species distribution maps. 118) Maungazolus septempunctatus new species. 119) M. tararuaensis new species. 120) Oopterus anglemensis new species. 121) O. arthurensis new species. 122) O. clivinoides. 123) O. collaris. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 101THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 124–129. Species distribution maps. 124) Oopterus corvinki new species. 125) O. discoideus new species. 126) O. frontalis. 127) O. fulvipes. 128) O. garnerae new species. 129) O. laevicollis. 102 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Figures 130–135. Species distribution maps. 130) Oopterus laeviventris. 131) O. lewisi. 132) O. marrineri. 133) O. marrisi new species. 134) O. mohiensis new species. 135) O. monticola new species. INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 • 103THE TRIBE ZOLINI IN NEW ZEALAND Figures 136–141. Species distribution maps. 136) Oopterus nanus new species. 137) O. nunni new species. 138) O. ocularius. 139) O. palmai new species. 140) O. patulus. 141) O. punctatus new species. 110 • INSECTA MUNDI 0594, December 2017 LAROCHELLE AND LARIVIÈRE Zolina 6 Zolini 3 Zolus Sharp 6