Open Science Explained - A PSDI Webinar

https://www.psdi.ac.uk/ Open Science Explained: Why it Matters and How to Get Started 29th May 2025 Dr Cerys Willoughby Please use the Q&A feature if you have a question during this webinar and we will answer them at an appropriate time This Webinar has been adapted from learning materials developed by Skills4EOSC ‘Skills for the European Open Science commons: creating a training ecosystem for Open and FAIR science’ The original materials were released under a CC-BY 4.0 licence by Skills4EOSC: https://www.skills4eosc.eu/ First, a little audience participation! Please can you answer the following questions in the Webinar chat: What is your role? What does open science mean to you? All answers will be kept anonymous after the meeting. What is Open Science? A set of values, principles, and practices that aim to make scientific research from all fields accessible to everyone, for the benefit of the whole humanity UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science.2021. CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO license. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949 UNESCO Open Science Toolkit. 2023. CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO license. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387983 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization What is Open Science? A set of values, principles, and practices that aim to make scientific research from all fields accessible to everyone, for the benefit of the whole humanity Access to the products of scientific research (research articles, data, software) as well as participation in the process of knowledge production (citizen science, crowdsourcing) UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science.2021. CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO license. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949 UNESCO Open Science Toolkit. 2023. CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO license. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387983 https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949 •Quality and integrity •Support high-quality research by bringing together multiple sources of knowledge •Collective benefit •Open science as a global public good belonging to humanity •Equity and fairness •Equity among researchers •Equal access to scientific knowledge to both producers & consumers of knowledge •Diversity and inclusiveness •Diversity of knowledge, practices, workflows, languages, research outputs and research topics Open Science core values Open Science guiding principles 1. Transparency, scrutiny, critique and reproducibility Increased openness leads to increased trust in scientific information 2. Equality of opportunities Equal opportunity to access, contribute to, and benefit from science 3. Responsibility, respect and accountability Intellectual integrity and respect for ethical principles 4. Collaboration, participation and inclusion Collaboration between disciplines should be promoted 5. Flexibility There is no one-size-fits-all way of practicing open science 6. Sustainability Build on long-term practices, services, infrastructures, funding models UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science.2021. CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO license. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379949 Pillars of Open Science Open scientific knowledge Open science infrastructure Open engagement of societal actors Open dialogue with other knowledge systems Understanding open science - UNESCO Digital Library Why the world needs Open Science now Open Science can accelerate our ability to solve the complex challenges of our global, interconnected society Environment and Climate Change Environmental research is one of the most important area where technologies and services developed by scientists can have a huge positive impact on society. Some examples: by Enrique via Pixabay •Open Data for Earth Sciences in Italy •Norwegian Geological Survey •EPOS Data Portal •European Ground Motion Service •NASA Oceans research •Hellenic National Oceanographic Data Center •Climatology: PANACEA EDS Book – Open notebooks in Environmental Science Peer-reviewed findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) computational notebooks Through the publication of peer-reviewed executable use cases e.g. Jupyter notebooks, the resource aims to be a living, open and community-driven online resource guiding the scientific community about information extraction, exploration and analysis from environmental sensors (ground sensors, drones, satellite observations) and other type of data (e.g. simulations). Computational notebook community putting open science into practice towards a collaborative, reusable and transparent environmental research. Who is it for? Researchers with some background in environmental science interested in AI and data science methods. Researchers with some background in computer science interested in environmental data science. Anyone else interested in reproducibility, inclusive, shareable and collaborative open environmental science. https://edsbook.org/ Examples: Livestock detection Sea ice forecasting Physics of ocean temperatures Land use Wildfires Strategies to support innovative Open Science initiatives •Provide institutional support and infrastructures for Open Science •Set up collaborative platforms and networks •Address stakeholders’ concerns: (e.g. intellectual property, privacy/security, assessment and tenure) •Promote cultural change within the scientific community •Advocate for policy frameworks and funding/support •Public communication Image by UNESCO European Open Science Cloud The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is a digital platform designed to help researchers across Europe share and access scientific data, tools, and services more easily. It acts as a federated system, meaning it connects various research infrastructures rather than being a single centralized database. https://infraportal.org.uk/ https://eosc.eu/ https://www.ukri.org/what-we-do/creating-world-class-research-and-innovation-infrastructure/digital-research-infrastructure/ PSDI: filling a Gap in Provision Other domains have established provision in the UK, e.g. EBI in Life Sciences NERC Data centres in Environmental Science UK Data Archive in Social Science USA: Materials Genome Initiative Japan: NIMS European data infrastructures, e.g. E-CAM, MaX and NOMAD German National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) Other countries have initiatives underway in this domain, e.g. We are building a UK, Physical Science, Data Infrastructure Supporting UK Chemistry, Materials and related disciplines Interfacing to other domains: eg. Life, Medical, Engineering and Environmental Sciences Interfacing with international initiatives Physical Sciences Data Infrastructure Data is a major driver of research in Physical Sciences A platform for data collection, sharing, aggregation, integration and curation Supporting analysis across experimental, simulation and reference data Combining and enhancing existing data infrastructures Sustaining data resources beyond lifespan of individual research projects Driven by community needs, PSDI will provide A data infrastructure that connects existing experimental and computational facilities within Physical Sciences and beyond Data Services Data Tools Access to Data Sources Guidance, Training & Case Studies Community Collaboration FAIR Data Principles at a glance For this vision of shared and useful research data, and the network of tools to support them, we need our data to be FAIR. FAIR Data Principles at a glance 1. Findable – Easy to find by both humans and computer systems thanks to rich metadata and unique persistent identifiers 2. Accessible – Stored for easy access and downloading 3. Interoperable – Ready to be combined with other datasets by humans and computer systems 4. Re-usable – Ready for reuse thanks to detailed, accurate documentation and clear usage license Data vs Metadata seb, sebastian, vettel, sebastian vettel, redbull, f1, formula 1, car, wet, track, race, blue, red, yellow, silverstone, england, 2012, wings for life foundation, rain, spray, racing, race car, tilt-shift, rb8, grand prix, british grand prix Image Size Resolution Camera make Software used Date and timestamps Colour profiles Lens details Focus points Exposure Bias GPS And many more.. EXIF - metadata about the imageUser-defined (or AI identified) metadata about the image in the form of tags DATA https://www.flickr.com/photos/fluffydragon/8164474444/ To be Findable F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier F2. data are described with rich metadata F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data it describes F4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource Wilkinson, M., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. et al. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data 3, 160018 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18 Stakeholders in Open Science Who can influence or be influenced by Open Science? Research Institutions Researchers Research Ethics & Integrity Bodies Research Funders Libraries, repositories & datacentres Publishers Citizen Scientists & Others Creating a Collaborative Culture CO-OPERATION INSTEAD OF COMPETITION CROSS DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EU MISSIONS TO POOL TOGETHER POLICY & REGULARTORY RESOURCES ENGAGEMENT WITH CITIZENS, POLICYMAKERS, AND INDUSTRY OPEN SCIENCE CAN’T BE ONLY “SHARING” –ONE WAY FROM ACADEMIA OUTWARD. IT MUST BE IN A REAL DIALOGUE WITH SOCIETY –A TWO-WAY CONVERSATION Citizen Science Citizen Science is science performed with contributions from non-expert citizens A new name for a very old concept dating back to Galilei and Oldenburg in XVII century Science was born open Citizen Science is science communicated to, and advanced with the help of, the community. https://eu-citizen.science/projects Citizen Science portals and initiatives In the last years many initiatives have been launched, in different scientific areas, to allow citizens to contribute to science and this is mainly done through specific portals. Among these: Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF): an international network and data infrastructure funded by the world's governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data about all types of life on Earth Cos4Env: A service that integrates environmental data from multiple citizen observatories in one place and provides access to an enormous quantity of data. eBird: a citizen-science project that gathers observations from birders around the world VeraHub: empowers participatory research in Social Sciences and Humanities by making it easy to create a diverse team, find funding, work together and share with the world Pl@ntNet: a citizen science project available as an app that helps people identify plants thanks to their pictures  Citizen Seismology RSPB Garden Bird Watch World’s largest garden wildlife survey Started initially in 1979 as a one-off event for junior members, it proved so popular with 34,000 results returned that it was repeated annually, opening to adults in 2001. Nearly 50 years' worth of data, allowing scientists to track long-term trends and challenges for species eBird is among the world’s largest biodiversity-related science projects, with more than 100 million bird sightings contributed annually by eBirders around the world A collaborative enterprise with hundreds of partner organizations, thousands of regional experts, and hundreds of thousands of users, eBird is managed by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. eBird eBird data are stored across secure facilities, archived daily, and are freely accessible to anyone. eBird data have been used in hundreds of conservation decisions and peer-reviewed papers, thousands of student projects, and help inform bird research worldwide. RiverDip https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260102 Citizen-led sampling to monitor phosphate levels in freshwater environments using a simple paper microfluidic device Hundreds of measurements and mapping water quality across Europe and the UK Project M: investigating the effect of additives on calcium carbonate crystallisation through a school citizen science program •CaCO3 exists in 3 different crystal forms •Important because it makes up the skeletons and shells of many animals •Want to understand crystallisation conditions in the presence of other organic material •200 experiment conditions repeated 4 times across 110 schools for 800 samples •Simple, safe, repeatable method that can be done in the classroom •X-Ray Analysis using the Diamond Light Source https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/ce/d3ce01173a Project M Impact •Involvement of secondary school students, laboratory technicians, teachers, and teaching assistants •Scale of experiment wouldn’t have been possible without the help of citizen scientists •Only a day to collect the data •Gained real exposure to the scientific process •Helped them contextualise their own learning •Teaching staff appreciated the connection to real science •Data sharing, participants could see and compare their results https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03587-9