Catalogue of Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini): an annotated, illustrated and historical approach

1 European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.876.2149 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2023 · Pecci-Maddalena I.S. de C. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:63FDFE77-6D4F-412C-B77D-129F2AAE8C47 Catalogue of Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini): an annotated, illustrated and historical approach Italo Salvatore de Castro PECCI-MADDALENA 1,*, Cristiano LOPES-ANDRADE 2 & Paul SKELLEY 3 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1 Laboratório Regional de Pesquisa Em Sanidade Apícola (LASA), Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento, Instituto Biológico, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia Dos Agronegócios (APTA), São Paulo, Brazil. 1,2 Laboratório de Sistemática e Biologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 3 Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture – DPI, P.O. Box 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:03AFD484-F7E4-4643-8637-C8DBCD5F9D02 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6A3F4101-8599-44D9-9210-BCD5DD8564E9 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B32C97F5-7D05-4887-9399-236C9C8AF75D Abstract. The New World genus Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 (Erotylidae: Erotylinae: Tritomini) is the second most speciose genus within Erotylidae and is found mainly in the Neotropical region. Currently, the genus includes 231 available names, of which 204 are valid. Accurate species identification is hampered by the lack of taxonomic revisions, identification keys or an illustrated catalogue for Mycotretus. To correct this problem and to allow further studies, the objective in this paper is to provide an illustrated catalogue for Mycotretus and propose some taxonomic acts promoting taxonomic stability within the genus. The present catalogue is the result of more than six years of morphological studies and careful comparisons of specimens, including research in several scientific collections throughout America and Europe, searching for identified specimens and types of available names of Mycotretus. The historical literature was examined and all available names listed in the catalogue of Blackwelder (1945) are included here, along with updated information from the catalogue of Alvarenga (1994). Our main results are: (i) examination of types of 216 former available names within Mycotretus, including 74 types previously not examined or not located by Alvarenga (1994); (ii) lectotype designations for 143 available names of Mycotretus; (iii) proposal of 41 new synonyms and three new combinations; (iv) the number of valid species of Mycotretus is reduced from 204 to 174; (v) plates providing images (most of them types) of specimens representing most available names within Mycotretus. The present work is the first major step towards a nomenclatural stability that will allow further revisionary and phylogenetic studies on Mycotretus. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 2 Keywords. Pleasing fungus beetles, species inventory, Neotropical region, Erotylinae, Erotyloidea. Pecci-Maddalena I.S. de C., Lopes-Andrade C. & Skelley P. 2023. Catalogue of Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Tritomini): an annotated, illustrated and historical approach. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.876.2149 Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Taxonomic history of the genus Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 .......................................................... 3 Material and methods .............................................................................................................................. 5 Acronyms of scientific collections ..................................................................................................... 5 Format of the catalogue ..................................................................................................................... 5 Terms for external morphology and photographs .............................................................................. 6 Morphological comparisons and synonymies .................................................................................... 8 Names of species listed in the present catalogue ............................................................................... 8 Format of species accounts .............................................................................................................. 10 Locating types .................................................................................................................................. 10 Results ................................................................................................................................................... 11 Taxonomic synopsis .......................................................................................................................... 11 Included species .......................................................................................................................... 11 Excluded species .......................................................................................................................... 16 Catalogue .......................................................................................................................................... 16 I. Alvarenga, M. .......................................................................................................................... 16 II. Arrow, G. J. ............................................................................................................................ 20 III. Boyle, W.W. .......................................................................................................................... 22 IV. Casey, T.L. ............................................................................................................................ 23 V. Chevrolat, L.A.A. ................................................................................................................... 23 VI. Crotch, G.R. .......................................................................................................................... 24 VII. Deelder, C.L. ....................................................................................................................... 58 VIII. Delkeskamp, K. ................................................................................................................. 58 IX. Duponchel, P.A.J. ................................................................................................................. 61 X. Fauvel, C.A.A. ....................................................................................................................... 71 XI. Germar, E.F. .......................................................................................................................... 72 XII. Gorham, H.S. ...................................................................................................................... 74 XIII. Guérin, J. ............................................................................................................................ 98 XIV. Guérin-Méneville, F.E. ..................................................................................................... 101 XV. Harold, E. .......................................................................................................................... 104 XVI. Kirsch, T.F.W. .................................................................................................................. 105 XVII. Kuhnt, P. ......................................................................................................................... 107 XVIII. Lacordaire, J.T. ............................................................................................................. 118 XIX. Mader, L. ......................................................................................................................... 163 XX. Olivier, A.G. ...................................................................................................................... 168 XXI. Pecci-Maddalena, I.S.C. & Lopes-Andrade, C. .............................................................. 170 XXII. Taschenberg, E.L. ........................................................................................................... 171 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................... 174 Comparisons with the Catalogue of Alvarenga (1994) .................................................................. 174 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 175 References ........................................................................................................................................... 176 PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 3 Introduction Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 (Erotylidae: Erotylinae: Tritomini) currently includes 231 available names, of which 204 are valid (Gorham 1888; Blackwelder 1945; Alvarenga 1994; Pecci-Maddalena & LopesAndrade 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Skelley & Powell 2018; Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a). The genus is mostly Neotropical and is the second most speciose within Erotylidae Latreille, 1802, after Iphiclus Chevrolat, 1836 with more than 300 described species (Alvarenga 1994). Both larval and adult individuals of Mycotretus feed on basidiomycete fungi, although data on host fungi are scarce and records are too few to discuss host fungus specialization (Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b). Despite the lack of phylogenetic and revisionary works, morphological and molecular evidence suggest that Mycotretus is not a monophyletic group and should be divided to form natural genera (Robertson et al. 2004; PecciMaddalena et al. 2021a, 2021b). Indeed, Mycotretus is a large conglomerate of highly diverse species (Skelley & Powell 2018) and its unresolved taxonomy makes any scientific study difficult to carry out. The present catalogue is the result of more than six years of efforts, including morphological and taxonomical studies (e.g., Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a, 2021b), and research visits to scientific institutions to find and study primary types of Mycotretus. Historical literature on Erotylidae was consulted (e.g., Duponchel 1825; Lacordaire 1842; Crotch 1876; Gemminger & Harold 1876: 465; Kuhnt 1909: 76, 1911: 52, and others) and all available names listed in the catalogues of Blackwelder (1945) and Alvarenga (1994) are included here, with annotations on their current status. The main achievements of the present catalogue are: (i) examination of 216 types of available names within Mycotretus, including 74 types previously not located by Alvarenga (1994); (ii) lectotype designations for 143 available names of Mycotretus; (iii) proposal of 41 new synonyms, two new generic and one new specific combinations; (iv) the number of valid species of Mycotretus is reduced from 204 to 174; (v) plates providing images of specimens (most of them types) representing most available names within Mycotretus. The present work is the first major step towards a nomenclatural stability that will allow further revisionary and phylogenetic studies on Mycotretus. Taxonomic history of the genus Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 The first described members of Mycotretus were originally placed under Erotylus Fabricius, 1775, as follows: Erotylus maculatus Olivier, 1792 and E. tigrinus Olivier, 1792, from Suriname; and E. conspersus Germar, 1824, E. humeralis Germar, 1824 and E. ocellatus Germar, 1824, from Brazil. After these works, Duponchel (1825) published the Monographie du genre Erotyle, containing almost all Erotylinae Latreille, 1802 as presently interpreted (Węgrzynowicz 2002), and described ten species of Erotylus later transferred to Mycotretus (one of them was recently placed in Mycomystes Gorham, 1888; Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). Ten years after Duponchel’s work, Chevrolat (1835) described Erotylus lesueuri from Mexico. The name Mycotretus was originally proposed by Dejean (1836) and its authorship was attributed to Chevrolat. In that work, 49 species names under Mycotretus are cited, but without descriptions or diagnoses for the genus and its species. Dejean’s catalogue were simply checklists of his collection in which many generic and specific names were presented. Because Dejean names lacked descriptions, they were often disregarded as valid names by early taxonomists (Skelley 1998a). In 1841, Guérin-Méneville described Erotylus (Brachymerus) cinctellus (currently in Mycomystes, see Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b)), Erotylus (Brachymerus) sobrinus and Erotylus (Mycotretus Chevr.) fallax, the latter case using the name “Mycotretus” as a subgroup of Erotylus. Jean Théodore Lacordaire (1801–1870) – in his historical monograph of the Erotylidae world fauna (Lacordaire 1842) – was the first author to provide a description for Mycotretus, describing and including within this genus about half of the Mycotretus, most of the “Lybas Chevrolat” and a few of the “Brachymerus Chevrolat” listed by Dejean (1836). However, it is worth noting that Lacordaire did not designate a type species for Mycotretus, which was subsequently made by Boyle (1956), who European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 4 designated Mycotretus lesueuri (Chevrolat, 1835) as generotype. Today, the authorship of Mycotretus is attributed to Lacordaire and the validity of M. lesueuri as the type species of the genus was fixed by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (see Skelley & Goodrich 1994; ICZN 1996; Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017). Lacordaire (1842) also described several new species in many early collections (e.g., those from Buquet, Dejean, Dupont, Reiche, etc.). Additionally, Lacordaire moved many previously described species into Mycotretus (for instance, the aforementioned “Erotylus”). In total, he recognized 90 species of Mycotretus: 32 from Brazil, 22 from Cayenne (French Guiana), one from Bolivia, 27 from Colombia and eight from Mexico (Lacordaire 1842). Lacordaire also proposed a subgeneric classification for Mycotretus and split the genus into two, as follows: (1) the first division included 89 species with an antennal club of four antennomeres and was subdivided into the groups “A” (“Menton coupé plus ou moins obliquement de chaque côté de son bord antérieur.”, Lacordaire (1842: 134)) and “B” (“Menton arrondi à son bord antérieur.”, Lacordaire (1842: 163)). Each of these groups was, in turn, split into two others based on the expansion of the apical maxillary palpomere (i.e., very expanded or slightly expanded); (2) the second division included a single species (Mycotretus tesserarius Lacordaire, 1842) with an antennal club of three antennomeres. Despite his purpose, Lacordaire stated the inclusion of this latter species in Mycotretus was controversial (translated by us): “(…) In a single species (M. tesserarius), which I have not thought it necessary to reject from the genus, the club is composed of only three transverse articles, and therefore resembles that of the Ischyrus. This difference did not seem to me sufficient for the proposition of a genus. (…)”. Lacordaire’s divisions are noteworthy as the first attempt to organize species of Mycotretus, although his ideas were not followed by any subsequent author. For instance, according to Crotch (1876: 145): “Lacordaire has divided this genus into two sections according to the shape of the mentum, but I find this very difficult to ascertain: he is certainly in error in many cases.” Soon after Lacordaire’s work had been published and before the publication of the monographic studies of Crotch (1876) and Gorham (1888), the following authors included species in Mycotretus: GuérinMéneville (1844), Fauvel (1860), Kirsch (1865), each describing a single species; Taschenberg (1870), six new species; Crotch (1873b), one species; and Kirsch (1876), five species. Chevrolat (1843) transferred Tritoma fasciatus Fabricius, 1801 to Mycotretus, which Alvarenga (1994) listed under Mycotretus on his catalogue. However, it belongs to the genus Epopterus Chevrolat, 1844 (Coleoptera: Endomychidae) and should not be counted among the number of available names within Mycotretus (see Blackwelder 1945; Alvarenga 1994; Strohecker 1997). After Lacordaire, the two authors who described the most species of Mycotretus were George Robert Crotch (1842–1874) and Henry Stephen Gorham (1839–1920). The former built his Erotylidae collection by donation, exchange, or purchase, but in 1874 (after contracting tuberculosis in the United States) he died before seeing his major manuscript, A Revision of the Coleopterous Family Erotylidae, published. In 1876, Crotch’s work was posthumously published by E.W. Janson (Skelley 1998b). In that work – a catalogue of all species known at that time, with descriptions of new taxa (Węgrzynowicz 2002) – several new species of Mycotretus were described, making Crotch the author to describe the second greatest number of Mycotretus in a single work (surpassed only by Lacordaire). A few years after Crotch’s revision, Gorham (1888) published the seventh volume of Biologia Centrali-Americana, which was the third study to describe a great number of Mycotretus and one of the major contributions to our knowledge of the Central American erotylids. Through the 20th century, a few additional Mycotretus descriptions were made by the following authors: Arrow (1909), Kuhnt (1909, 1910, 1911), Casey (1916), Delkeskamp (1939, 1957). Mader (1940, 1942, 1955), Deelder (1942), Guérin (1949a, 1949b, 1956), Boyle (1954), and Alvarenga (1983, 1989). After Alvarenga (1989), no species was included in Mycotretus until recently, when Mycophtorus peruvianus PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 5 Kirsch, 1876 was transferred to Mycotretus by Skelley & Powell (2018) (currently M. peruvianus is under Mycomystes, see Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b) and Mycotretus alvarengai Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade, 2018 was described from North Brazil. That description was based on a single adult male, originally from the private collection of the late Moacyr Alvarenga (1915–2010). The species name was a tribute to his important contributions to the knowledge on Neotropical Erotylidae, including the Catalogue of Neotropical Erotylidae (Alvarenga 1994) and a valuable collection of hundreds of worldwide erotylids, deposited in several Brazilian museums after his death (Pecci-Maddalena & LopesAndrade 2018a). Material and methods Acronyms of scientific collections ANSP = Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA BMNH = The Natural History Museum, London, UK CAMB = Coleção Ayr de Moura Bello, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil CELC = Coleção Entomológica do Laboratório de Sistemática e Biologia de Coleoptera, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil DZUP = Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil FSCA = Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL, USA IFML = Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Argentina MACN = Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina MCNZ = Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil MFN = Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Berlin, Germany MIZ = Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland MNHN = Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France MNRJ = Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil MRSN = Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy MZSP = Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil NHMD = Natural History Museum of Denmark (previously Zoological Museum, ZMUC), Copenhagen, Denmark NMBS = Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Basel, Switzerland NMNH = National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA RBINS = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium RMNH = Naturalis Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum, Leiden, Netherlands SDEI = Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany SNSD = Senckenberg Naturhistorischen Sammlungen Dresden, Dresden, Germany UMZC = University Museum of Zoology Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ZNS = Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen, Halle, Germany ZSBS = Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, München, Germany Format of the catalogue A lectotype is designated for species clearly based on syntypes, but also in the cases when a single specimen was located, and the author of the species name did not state whether there was one or more specimens in the type series. A specimen was considered to be the holotype only when the author clearly stated the description was based on a single specimen. In most cases, a red label was placed on the specimen chosen to be the lectotype. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 6 Most specimens were labelled by the senior author, but when visits to institutions were not possible, we asked curators to label the specimens (e.g., specimens from MFN, ZNS and others). Aside from that, the types of the following species are currently unlabelled and their labels will be sent to the appropriate curator of the institutions to be placed on specimens: the types from Kirsch (SNSD); Mycotretus argus Lacordaire, 1842 (MRSN) – lectotype; Mycotretus coccidulinus Gorham, 1888 (BMNH) – paralectotype from Belize; Mycotretus cognatus Lacordaire, 1842 (RBINS) – lectotype; Mycotretus durius Lacordaire, 1842 (MRSN) – lectotype; Mycotretus figuratus Lacordaire, 1842 (MRSN) – lectotype; Mycotretus leopardus Crotch, 1876 (UMZC) – lectotype; Mycotretus maculosus (Duponchel, 1825) (MRSN) – lectotype; Mycotretus nigropunctatus (Duponchel, 1825) (MRSN) – lectotype; Mycotretus nubifer Casey, 1916 (USNM) – lectotype; Mycotretus partitus Lacordaire, 1842 (RBINS) – lectotype; Mycotretus pecari Lacordaire, 1842 (MRSN) – holotype; Mycotretus polyophthalmus Lacordaire, 1842 (MRSN) – lectotype. It was noted that all descriptions provided by Kirsch (1876) did not state whether there was one or more specimens in the type series. The types of this author are housed in SNSD and all of them have a red label written “Holotypus” or “Syntypus” which, probably, were not placed by Kirsch (Figs 22F, 23A–E; images were made available to us by Ester Helena de Oliveira and Olaf Jäger, see Acknowledgments). Since such specimens are the primary types of Kirsch, in the present study they were designated as lectotypes. Such specimens were not also labelled as lectotypes and the labels will be sent to the curator to be placed on them. Species accounts are organized in alphabetical order first by author surname (preceded by Roman numbers) and then alphabetically by the available species names (preceded by Arabic numbers). Only species names currently included in Mycotretus are numbered, each number is unique and the count is continuous. The division of the present catalogue, based on authors, instead of a simple list of species alphabetically organized is due to: (i) the authors’ contribution to the study and description of new species of Mycotretus was very asymmetric (see Introduction) and, therefore, a historical approach is herein adopted; (ii) there are patterns in the deposition of type specimens, format of specimens labels and other historical information related to each author (e.g., Gorham’s types are in BMNH, Lacordaire’s types are in MRSN and MNHN, etc.) and, in order to reflect these patterns, the data are consistently arranged by authors’ surnames. Whenever possible, a specimen of the type series representing each available name was photographed and shown in plates (Figs 2–40). When the type was not located, or the available image was not in a resolution suitable for publication, an image of another named specimen was used. Each plate contains six or seven images of specimens in dorsal view, marked with letters (A–F or A–G), and under those are their respective labels marked with letters followed by an apostrophe (e.g., Fig. 1A’–F’). This format was chosen to facilitate our work and make easier any search by author name. Terms for external morphology and photographs Transcription of label data and dissection of specimens followed Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade (2017). Terms for external morphology follow McHugh et al. (1997) and Lawrence et al. (2011), and those for colour pattern follow Skelley (1998a). The “penile flagellum” refers to a male genitalia structure with two interconnected elements: “head” and “virga” (Węgrzynowicz 2002; Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018a, 2018b; Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a). Higher taxonomic classification follows Cai et al. (2022). Photography methods for Figures 2, 3A, 13A, E, 26C, E, 28A, 29B, 30B, 31E, 32D, 33F–G, 36A, 39E, G, 40A, E followed Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade (2017). Other specimens were photographed in the institutions where they are housed, under the available conditions, which were not always ideal. For instance, the MRSN was closed to the public, due to an accidental explosion in 2013 (Andreone et al. 2014); by the time the senior author visited, he had only a few hours for locating, photographing PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 7 Fig. 1. The largest historical collections of Neotropical Erotylidae Latreille, 1802. A–C. Museum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France). A. Part of the MNHN Erotylidae collection. B–C. Drawer from Oberthür collection containing several Mycotretus Lacordaire, 1842 primary types. D–E. Natural History Museum (BMNH, London, UK). D. Drawer containing part of the Gorham collection including several Mycotretus described in the Biologia Centrali-Americana. E. The type specimen of Mycotretus hirudo Gorham, 1888. F. Cabinet of the Crotch Erotylidae Collection from University Museum of Zoology (UMZC, Cambridge, UK), one of the most representative Erotylidae collections of the world. G. Drawer of the Brême collection from Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali (MRSN, Torino, Italy), containing especially Duponchel and Lacordaire primary types. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 8 and labelling specimens. It was not possible to visit the institutions ANSP, IFML, MCNZ, MFN, MIZ, NMBS, NMNH, RBINS, RMNH, SDEI, SNSD, ZNS or ZSBS and, in these cases, their curators generously made available images of specimens or lent specimens to us (MCNZ). Therefore, it was not possible to standardise photographic techniques, equipment and conditions, and thus image quality is variable and, unfortunately, in some cases it was not possible to include a scale bar (e.g., Fig. 25). Morphological comparisons and synonymies Synonymies were provided in the following cases: (1) “obvious synonyms”, i.e., based on those representatives of supposedly different species that are morphologically almost identical and usually have a congruent geographical distribution; (2) the cases where only a few specimens were required for dissections in order to confirm the synonymy. Other more complicated cases of potential synonyms (e.g., “red” representatives of Central American species, members of many species groups, etc.) are beyond the scope of this work and were not treated here. They will be examined in the future revisionary studies on Mycotretus, along with keys, species diagnoses, redescriptions, etc. The protocol for morphological examination of specimens was, whenever possible, the following: (i) dorsal and ventral photographs were taken for comparisons of external characters; (ii) specimens were directly examined and compared under stereo microscope; (iii) specimens (usually males) were dissected, the genitalic characters photographed and compared. As noted previously, the penile flagellum is a taxonomically powerful structure used to distinguish species in Erotylidae (Boyle 1956; PecciMaddalena et al. 2021a) and, in most cases, it was used here to support proposals of new synonyms, along with dorsal and ventral morphological similarities, geographical distribution congruences, and other characteristics. Colour pattern variations, among conspecific individuals, are common in the Erotylidae and may be related to clinal factors, differences in the teneral vs fully pigmented adults or some unknown genetic mechanism (Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b; Powell & Skelley 2021; Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). Most of these variations consist of differences in the degree of fusion of the colour marks, the absence of spots in tenerals that usually are present in fully pigmented specimens, etc. We noted that several species of Mycotretus described in the past are colour variations of a broadly distributed species. When such variations were detected, they are mentioned in the species Remarks. Only three primary types (the holotypes of M. tucuruiensis Alvarenga, 1983, M. bistrioculatus Alvarenga 1983 and M. lopesi Alvarenga, 1989) had to be dissected. All other primary types were left intact, and paratypes, paralectotypes and other named specimens compared with types were dissected. The majority of dissected specimens belong to the collection of the late Moacyr Alvarenga, housed in the MNRJ (see comments under Locating types) and DZUP, which includes representatives of several species of Mycotretus. Names of species listed in the present catalogue The present work includes only the extant species of Mycotretus. The single fossil record for the genus, “Mycotretus binotatus Scudder, 1878”, from the Eocene, was not examined and it was not listed here. Taxonomic works of Lacordaire (1842), Crotch (1876), Gemminger & Harold (1876), Gorham (1888) and Kuhnt (1909, 1910, 1911) were consulted and all available names of Mycotretus mentioned in the catalogues of Alvarenga (1994) and Blackwelder (1945) are listed here, including valid names and synonyms. Exceptions to this rule are the following: (i) Mycotretus fasciatus (Fabricius, 1801), which was incorrectly listed in Mycotretus by Alvarenga (1994: 25), is an Endomychidae Leach, 1815 (Strohecker 1997: 166), type in NHMD (images made available by curator); (ii) the invalid names “Mycotretus bruchi Bruch, 1915” and “M. unguicularis Bruch, 1915” listed under Mycotretus by Blackwelder (1945). Bruch (1914) mentioned those names followed by the statement “Kuhnt, in litteris”, without description or diagnosis. Kuhnt never formally described these species and, therefore, M. bruchi and M. unguicularis PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 9 are considered to be nomina nuda. Images of specimens in the Kuhnt collection (MFN) and the Bruch collection (MACN) identified as “M. bruchi Kuhnt”, were made available to us. Those specimens are M. trifasciatus Guérin, 1956. We did not designate a lectotype for any species originally described in Mycotretus that is currently included in a different genus. These are: (1) Mycotretus chrysomelinus Lacordaire, 1842 (listed in Lacordaire 1842; currently under Cyclomorphus Hope, 1841); (2) Mycotretus dissimulator Crotch, 1873 (listed in Crotch 1873a, 1876; current combination Triplax dissimulator (Crotch, 1873)); (3) “Mycotretus hieroglyphicus Dej.” (listed in Dejean 1836; current combination Callischyrus hieroglyphicus (Duponchel, 1825)); (4) “Mycotretus laetus Dej.” (listed in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus laetus (Lacordaire, 1842)); (5) “Mycotretus scriptus Olivier” and “Mycotretus affinis Dej.” (listed and placed in synonymy in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus scriptus (Olivier, 1807) and Ischyrus affinis (Duponchel, 1825), synonym of I. scriptus); (6) “Mycotretus variabilis Dej.” (listed in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus variabilis (Duponchel, 1825)); (7) “Mycotretus incertus Dej.” (listed in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus incertus (Lacordaire, 1842)); (8) “Mycotretus interruptus Dej.” (listed in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus interruptus (Duponchel, 1825)); (9) “Mycotretus patruelis Dej.” and “Mycotretus similis Chevrolat” (listed and placed in synonymy in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus patruelis (Lacordaire, 1842) and M. similis Chevrolat is a nomen nudum); (10) “Mycotretus subcylindricus Chevrolat” and “Mycotretus variegata Dej.” (listed and placed in synonymy in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus subcylindricus (Lacordaire, 1842), synonym of Ischyrus quadripunctatus quadripunctatus (Olivier, 1792), M. variegata Dej. is a nomen nudum); (11) “Mycotretus quadripunctatus Olivier” and “Mycotretus humeralis Chevrolat” (listed and placed in synonymy in Dejean 1836; current combination Ischyrus quadripunctatus quadripunctatus (Olivier, 1792), M. humeralis Chevrolat is a nomen nudum); (12) “Mycotretus flavitarsis Sturm.”, “Mycotretus signaticollis Klug.” and “Mycotretus thoracica Dej.” (listed and placed in synonymy in Dejean 1836; current combination Notaepytus flavitarsis (Lacordaire, 1842), “M. signaticollis Klug.” and “M. thoracica Dej.” are nomina nuda); (13) “Mycotretus modestus Olivier” (listed in Dejean 1836; current combination Notaepytus modestus (Olivier, 1807)); (14) Mycotretus triplacoides Crotch, 1876 (current combination Triplax triplacoides (Crotch, 1876)). The species of Mycomystes Gorham, 1888 listed here were placed in Mycotretus and were recently transferred to Mycomystes in Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b). Due to their historical positioning under Mycotretus, these taxa (unnumbered) are cited in the present catalogue along with their current combinations. The “varieties” of species described by Crotch (1876), Kuhnt (1910) and Deelder (1942) were here considered “subspecies”, according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) (Article 45.6.4) “(…) it [a taxon] is subspecific if first published before 1961 and its author expressly used one of the terms “variety” or “form” (including use of the terms “var.”, “forma”, “v.” and “f.”), unless its author also expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was proposed for an infrasubspecific entity, in which case it is infrasubspecific [see also Art. 45.6.1]”. Exceptions not considered subspecies were the six secondary assignments of the term “var.”, made by Kuhnt (1909, 1910), for a few taxa originally described at a species-level rank by early authors (e.g., Duponchel 1825; Lacordaire 1842). Probably, following a chronological order of events, Alvarenga (1994) repeated Kuhnt and listed such names as “varieties”. In addition, we noted that all these names had been placed in synonymy with other species of Mycotretus by early authors (e.g., Crotch 1876 and Gorham 1888) and, therefore, they are considered synonymies in our species count of Alvarenga’s catalogue (see below). European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 16 Mycotretus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910 (Fig. 24F) Mycotretus tibialis Gorham, 1888 (Fig. 21B) Mycotretus tigratus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 37D) Mycotretus nigrocinctus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 33E) Mycotretus trabeatus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 37E) syn. nov. Mycotretus tigrinoides Mader, 1942 (Fig. 39C) Mycotretus tigrinus (Olivier, 1792) (Fig. 39F) Erotylus conspersus Germar ,1824 Mycotretus leopardus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus multimaculatus Taschenberg, 1870 (Fig. 40F) Mycotretus tigrinus pardalis Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus tigripennis Mader, 1942 (Fig. 39D) Mycotretus tricolor Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 11E) Mycotretus trifasciatus Guérin, 1956 (Fig. 22A) Mycotretus tucuruiensis Alvarenga, 1983 (Fig. 3A) Mycotretus vilis Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus vittatus Gorham, 1888 (Fig. 21C) Mycotretus xanthomelas Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 12A) Mycotretus ziczac ziczac Kuhnt, 1910 (Fig. 26B) Mycotretus ziczac serenus Delkeskamp, 1957 (Fig. 12E) Excluded species Iphiclus virgatus (Kuhnt, 1910) comb. nov. Mycolybas antesignatus (Mader, 1942) comb. nov. Catalogue I. Alvarenga, M. Figs 2A–F, 3A 1. Mycotretus bistrioculatus Alvarenga, 1983 Mycotretus bistrioculatus Alvarenga, 1983: 583. Type locality: “BRASIL, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador (coordenadas aproximadas, long 71º38’W e lat 4º33’S)”. Mycotretus bistrioculatus – Alvarenga 1994: 21. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 2A) BRAZIL • ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus bistrioculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Paratipo [red label, printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus bistrioculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 17 Remarks Penile flagellum elongated, thin, sclerotized at the anterior third of virga and with a desclerotized portion (approximately 2× the length of head) connecting virga and head. Head V-shaped, each arm separating from each other anteriorly and ending in two outer tips slightly bent laterally. Mycotretus bistrioculatus is similar to M. argus (Fig. 26F), M. sexoculatus chaparensis (Fig. 12D) and M. pulchellus (Fig. 34F) in body shape and arrangement of circular elytral spots. There are few morphological differences in the flagellar head (e.g., lateral borders more or less elongated, sclerotized). The status of these species requires examining more specimens, which will be studied in future research. 2. Mycotretus fragosoi Alvarenga, 1983 Mycotretus fragosoi Alvarenga, 1983: 587. Type locality: “BRASIL, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador (coordenadas aproximadas, long 71º38’W e lat 4º33’S)”. Mycotretus fragosoi – Alvarenga 1994: 26. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 2B) BRAZIL • “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus fragosi m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Remarks New junior synonym of M. signatellus Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 11B, see below). 3. Mycotretus lopesi Alvarenga, 1989 Mycotretus lopesi Alvarenga, 1989: 35. Type locality: “BRASIL, Pará: Jacareacanga”. Mycotretus lopesi – Alvarenga 1994: 28. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 2C) BRAZIL • ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Jacareacanga, Pará, Brasil, XII–1968, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus lopesi M. Alvarenga, 19 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Remarks New junior synonym of M. reticulatus Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 10C, see below). 4. Mycotretus luizi Alvarenga, 1983 Mycotretus luizi Alvarenga, 1983: 588. Type locality: “BRASIL, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador (coordenadas aproximadas, long 71º38’W e lat 4º33’S)”. Mycotretus luizi – Alvarenga 1994: 28. Primary type BRAZIL • Holotype (Fig. 2D); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus luizi m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 18 Fig. 2. Alvarenga holotypes (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Mycotretus bistrioculatus Alvarenga, 1983. B–B’. M. fragosoi Alvarenga, 1983. C–C’. M. lopesi Alvarenga, 1989. D–D’. M. luizi Alvarenga, 1983. E–E’. M. octoculatus Alvarenga, 1983. F–F’. M. quadrioculatus Alvarenga, 1983. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 0.5 mm; C = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 19 Remarks New junior synonym of M. cinctiger Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 5B, see below). 5. Mycotretus octoculatus Alvarenga, 1983 Mycotretus octoculatus Alvarenga, 1983: 585. Type locality: “BRASIL, Pará, Tucuruí”. Mycotretus octoculatus – Alvarenga 1994: 31. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 2E) BRAZIL • “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Tucurui Pará, Brasil, I.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus octoculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Paratipo [red label, printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus octoculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Brasil M. Gerais, Aguas Vermelhas, XII. 1983, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus octoculatus Alv. 1983 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1985 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North and Southeast Brazil. Remarks Flagellar head U-shaped, similar to that in M. alvarengai (Fig. 39G), but with a desclerotization on virga approximately 3× as long as that in this latter species. Body length and genitalia of M. octoculatus are bigger than in M. alvarengai, and the colour pattern is remarkably distinct in both species (Figs 2E, 39G). 6. Mycotretus quadrioculatus Alvarenga, 1983 Mycotretus quadrioculatus Alvarenga, 1983: 585. Type locality: “BRASIL, Pará, Tucuruí”. Mycotretus quadrioculatus – Alvarenga 1994: 33. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 2F) BRAZIL • “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Tucurui Pará, Brasil, I.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus quadrioculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Paratipo [red label, printed] \ Tucurui Pará, Brasil, I.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus quadrioculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Paratipo [red label, printed] \ Tucurui Pará, Brasil, I.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus quadrioculatus m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]; MNRJ. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 20 Distribution North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994). Remarks Type locality, additional data: Tucuruí, in the state of Pará, North Brazil. 7. Mycotretus tucuruiensis Alvarenga, 1983 Mycotretus tucuruiensis Alvarenga, 1983: 586. Type locality: “BRASIL, Pará, Tucuruí”. Mycotretus tucuruiensis – Alvarenga 1994: 37. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 3A) BRAZIL • ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Tucurui Pará, Brasil, I.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus tucuriensis m. [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1983 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994). II. Arrow, G.J. Fig. 3B–C 8. Mycotretus centralis Arrow, 1909 Mycotretus centralis Arrow, 1909: 196. Type locality: “Guatemala, San Gerónimo”. Mycotretus centralis – Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Mader 1942: 174; 1951: 216. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 21. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b: 8. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 3B) GUATEMALA • “Type [disc-shaped label, red/orange border, printed] \ S. Geronimo, Guatemala., Champion. [printed] \ Sp. figured. [printed] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed], tigrinus, Oliv. [handwritten] \ Mycotretus centralis, type, arrow [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE, Mycotretus centralis Arrow, 1909 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined See Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade (2018b). Distribution Mexico, Guatemala, South and Southeast Brazil. Remarks See Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade (2018b). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 21 Fig. 3. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Holotype of Mycotretus tucuriensis Alvarenga, 1983. B–B’. Lectotype of M. centralis Arrow, 1909. C–C’. Lectotype of M. distinguendus Arrow, 1909. D–D’. Holotype of M. nigromanicatus Boyle, 1954. E–E’. Lectotype of M. nubifer Casey, 1916. F–F’. Lectotype of M. lesueuri (Chevrolat, 1835). Scale bars = 1 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 22 9. Mycotretus distinguendus Arrow, 1909 Mycotretus distinguendus Arrow, 1909: 196. Type locality: “Mexico, Toxpam” [apud Gorham 1888: 60]”. Mycotretus distinguendus – Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 3C) MEXICO • “Type [disc-shaped label, red/orange border, printed] \ Mycotretus distinguendus, type, arrow [handwritten] \ sobrinus, Lac. [handwritten] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Toxpam [printed] \ Mexico., Salle, Coll. \ LECTOTYPE, Mycotretus distinguendus Arrow, 1909 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotypes MEXICO • 1 spec.; “Toxpam [handwritten], Mexico., Salle, Coll. [printed] \ Mycotretus sobrinus Guer, apud Sallé [handwritten] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE, Mycotretus distinguendus Arrow, 1909 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 spec.; “Toxpam [handwritten], Mexico., Salle, Coll. [printed] \ 2409 [printed] \ Mycotretus sobrinus Guer, apud Sallé [handwritten] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE, Mycotretus distinguendus Arrow, 1909 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Mexico., Salle, Coll. [printed] \ Toxpam [printed] \ Mycotretus sobrinus Guer, apud Sallé [handwritten] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE, Mycotretus distinguendus Arrow, 1909 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Additional material MEXICO • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ mex. [front] 56, 143 [back] [handwritten] \ 1680 [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus distinguendos [sic] Arrow, 1909 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution Mexico. Remarks Mycotretus distinguendus was described by Arrow (1909) based on individuals first identified by Gorham (1888) as M. sobrinus Guérin-Méneville (Fig. 22F). According to Arrow (1909: 196) “The Mexican form recorded as Mycotretus sobrinus, Guer., by Mr. Gorham in the same work must similarly be distinguished from that Brazilian species. It is much smaller, relatively shorter, the knees blacker, and the abdominal lines more marked. It may be called M. distinguendus”. We compared the male genitalia of both M. distinguendus and M. sobrinus and observed that they are clearly separated species. We also noted that M. distinguendus differs from other Mycotretus in having the first antennomere of the antennal club conspicuously wider than succeeding antennomeres. III. Boyle, W.W. 10. Mycotretus nigromanicatus Boyle, 1954 Mycotretus nigromanicatus Boyle, 1954: 48. Type locality: “Pinery Canyon (6000 ft.), Chiricahua Mts., Cochise County, Arizona” [Arizona, USA]. Mycotretus nigromanicatus – Boyle 1956: 138. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 23 Primary type Holotype (Fig. 3D) USA • “HOLOTYPE, Mycotretus nigromanicatus Boyle [red label, printed \ 10701, Mycotretus nigromanicatus Boyle [handwritten] TYPE [printed] \ Cochise Co., Ariz [printed] VII-19-[handwritten] 1919 [printed] Witmer Stone [printed] \ Pinery Canyon 6000 feet Chiricahua Mts.”; ANSP. Other specimens examined USA • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Madera Cn., Santa Rita, 8-VIII-1963 Mts., Ariz. Vincent Vesterby [printed] \ Mycotretus nigromanicatus Boyle det WW Boyle [printed] \ W. Boyle, US Coll’n Rec. 2016 [printed] \ Mycotretus nigromanicatus Boyle [handwritten] det. P.E.Skelley [printed]”; CELC. Distribution Southwest USA and Mexico. Remarks Mycotretus nigromanicatus resembles M. bistrigatus Lacordaire (Fig. 27A) in body shape and colour. It is possible these two species are closely related or even synonymous, but we had no male specimens of M. bistrigatus at hand for comparison. IV. Casey, T.L. 11. Mycotretus nubifer Casey, 1916 Mycotretus nubifer Casey, 1916: 158. Type locality: “Guatemala (Quitché)” [= Department of Quiché, Guatemala]. Mycotretus nubifer – Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 3E). GUATEMALA • “Joyabaj, Quitché, Guatemala [handwritten] \ nubifer [handwritten], Csy. [name?, handwritten] \ CASEY, bequest, 1925 [printed] \ TYPE USNM [red label, printed], 48793 [handwritten]”; NMNH. Remarks New junior synonym of M. scitulus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 36E, see below). V. Chevrolat, L.A.A. 12. Mycotretus lesueuri (Chevrolat, 1835) Erotylus lesueuri Chevrolat, 1835: 175, fasc. 8. Type locality: “Bocadelmonte” [Boca del Monte, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico]. Mycotretus savignyi Lacordaire, 1842: 156. Type locality: “Colombie” syn. nov. (Fig. 36C). Mycotretus lesueuri – Lacordaire 1842: 155. — Crotch 1876: 455. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 59. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. — Skelley & Goodrich 1994: 129. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — PecciMaddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b: 21. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 24 Mycotretus savignyi – Crotch 1873b: 145; 1876: 455. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Gorham 1888: 60. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Deelder 1942: 89. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 212. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 3F) MEXICO • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], lesueuri Ch [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Erotylus lesueuri Chevrolat, 1835 [red label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus lesueuri (Chevrolat) [handwritten], det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [printed]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined Paralectotype MEXICO • 1 spec.; “Chevr. [printed] \ PARATYPE [blue label, printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed], Erotylus lesueuri Chevrolat, 1835 [yellow label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus lesueuri (Chevrolat) [handwritten], det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [printed]”; 1 specimen (UMZC) “mex. [handwritten]”; UMZC. Additional material BRAZIL • 1 spec.; “Braz [handwritten]”; UMZC. MEXICO • 1 ♀ (dissected); BMNH • 1 spec.; “Toxpam [handwritten] Mexico. Salle Coll. [printed] \ 2405 [printed] \ B.C.A., Col.,VII. Mycotretus lesueuri. [printed] \ Mycotretus lesueuri Chev apud Sallé [handwritten]”; UMZC • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Mexico. Salle Coll. [printed] \ Toxpam [printed] \ B.C.A., Col.,VII. Mycotretus lesueuri. [printed] \ Mycotretus lesueuri Chev apud Sallé [handwritten]”; BMNH • 1 ♂ (dissected); “red label [unwritten] \ M. lesueuri Chev [handwritten] \ MUSEUM PARIS AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE (Coll du [?] Biol Central Amer) Godman 1908 [printed] \ Jalapa, Mexico. Hoege. [printed]”; MNHN • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ Coatepec, Ver. [handwritten] \ Mycotretus lesueuri Chevr. [handwritten] \ 1655 [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Erotylus lesueuri Chevr., 1835 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ Mycotretus lesueuri Coat. Chev. [handwritten] \ DZUP 132756 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Apaneco, Ahuachapau, El Salvador, 16.VII. 1959, J. Bechyné [handwritten] \ DZUP 132757 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ I. [?] San Vicente Finca Lapaz El Salvador 3.VIII. 1959 [?] J. Bechyne [handwritten] \ 1653 [printed] \ lesueuri [?] Chevr. [handwritten] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ lesueuri Chevr. 1835 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “[red label, unwritten] \ M. savignyi [handwritten] \ MUSEUM PARIS AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE (Coll du [?] Biol Central Amer) Godman 1908 [printed] \ V. de Chiriqui, 25–4000 ft. Champion [printed]”; MNHN • 1 ♂ (dissected); “292, 39 [disc-shaped label, handwritten]”; MNHN • 1 spec.; “D. Lebas. [green label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Distribution Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, North Brazil. Remarks The unique clear-cut difference between M. lesueuri and M. savignyi is the colour of the legs, which is black in the former and reddish-brown in the latter. There is no detectable morphological difference. VI. Crotch, G.R. Figs 4–11, 12A 13. Mycotretus adalioides Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus adalioides Crotch, 1876: 448. Type locality: “Peru”. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 25 Mycotretus adalioides – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3691. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 47. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 214. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 20. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3099. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 4A) PERU • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], adalioides Peru. Jans. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus adalioides Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Unknown locality in Peru. Remarks Mycotretus adalioides resembles Mycomystes apicalis (Fig. 26E) in body colour and shape (PecciMaddalena et al. 2021b). More material and comparative genitalic studies are needed to verify whether M. adalioides must be transferred to Mycomystes or, on the other hand, considered a Mycotretus representative. 14. Mycotretus balteatus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus balteatus Crotch, 1876: 445. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus balteatus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 21. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 4B) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], balteatus Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus balteatus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ Rio Cauaburi, Amazon, Brasil, 7-8.XII.1962, J. Bechyné col. [printed] \ Convênio DZSP-Goeldi [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus balteatus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1823-A [handwritten]”; MNRJ. PERU • 1 ♂ (dissected); “PERU: Dept. Loreto, 1.5 km, N Teniente Lopez, 2º35.66’S, 76º06.92’W, 16 July 1993, 210–240 m, Richard Leschen #116, ex Favolus brasiliensis [printed] \ Mycotretus balteatus [handwritten] det. P.E.Skelley [printed]”; FSCA. Distribution North Brazil. Remarks 1) The locality “Ega” mentioned by Crotch (1876) currently corresponds to “Tefè”, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994), and we use the name Tefé, rather than Ega, throughout the text. 2) The penile flagellum of Mycotretus balteatus has a flagellar ring-shaped head, similar to that present in other Mycotretus (e.g., M. pygmaeus, M. deyrollei, M. maculatus). European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 32 det. Delkeskamp 19[printed]57 [handwritten]”; BMNH • 1 ♀ (dissected); “MAI 1951 [printed] \ BoliviaRegion, Chapare-400m-leg. Zischka [printed] 2.V.51 [handwritten] \ PARATYPUS [red label, printed]”; MZSP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “BOLIVIA tropica, Region CHAPARÉ (400 Mtr.) DIRINGS [printed] \ Bolivia tropica, Region Chapara, 400 M.–Zischka [printed] \ Paratypus Nr. [red label, printed] \ Mycotretus zischkai m. [handwritten] det. Delkeskamp 19 [printed] 57 [handwritten]”; MZSP. Distribution North Brazil, Bolivia. Remarks There is no morphological difference between M. cordiger and M. zischkai. Mycotretus cruciger (Fig. 5E) is morphologically similar to M. cordiger, but their lectotypes show phenotypic differences, such as the comparatively larger pronotal and elytral spots in M. cruciger. Nevertheless, as we do not have males of M. cruciger at hand, we prefer not to synonymize it with M. cordiger at this moment. 22. Mycotretus cruciger Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus cruciger Crotch, 1876: 452. Type locality: Unknown. Mycotretus cruciger – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909:74; 1911:49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 23. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 5E) UNKNOWN COUNTRY • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], cruciger [?, handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus cruciger Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ Maturaca, AM, alto Rio Cauaburi, 12–17.XII.1962, J. Bechyné col. [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus cruciger Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1750A [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Maturacá Rio Negro [printed] 14.12 [handwritten] -196[printed]2[handwritten] \ Brasil, A M, J.&B. Bechyne [printed] \ Mycotretus cruciger Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution Northern Brazil. 23. Mycotretus decorus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus decorus Crotch, 1876: 442. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus decorus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 23. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 5F) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], decorus Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus decorus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 33 Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 spec.; “Bates [printed] \ yellow square [unwritten] \ PARATYPE [blue label, printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus decorus Crotch, 1876 [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Northern Brazil. 24. Mycotretus deyrollei Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus deyrollei Crotch, 1876: 451. Type locality: “St Catharina” [state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil]. Mycotretus discipennis Kuhnt, 1910: 240. Type locality: “St. Catharina” [state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 24A). Mycotretus discipennis conductus Kuhnt, 1910: 240 [as a variety]. Type locality: “St. Catharina (Colonia Hansa)” [in the state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 24B). Mycotretus sexlineatus Kuhnt, 1910: 241. Type locality: “Brasilien” [Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 25D). Mycotretus deyrollei – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 23. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Mycotretus discipennis – Kuhnt 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. Mycotretus discipennis conductus – Kuhnt 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. Mycotretus sexlineatus – Kuhnt 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 6A) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], Deyrollii, St. Cath. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus deyrollii Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 2 ♀♀ (dissected); “Porto Alegre [handwritten], R.G. do Sul. [printed], 10949 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18197 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus discipennis Kuhnt [handwritten], J. Guerin. det. 19[printed]54[handwritten]”; MZSP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “BRASIL, Timbó, Sta. Catarina, Dirings [front, printed] out 1958 [printed]”; MZSP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “BRASIL, Timbó, Estº. Sta. Catar. Col.: DIRINGS [front, printed] out 1958 [printed]”; MZSP • 1 spec.; “BRASIL, Timbó, Sta. Catarina, Dirings [front, printed] out 1958 [printed]”; MZSP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Rancho Queimado, SC, 8-11 / X [handwritten] /19[printed]94[handwritten] L. Moura [handwritten] leg. [printed] \ Col. MCN 232961 [printed]”; MCNZ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Triunfo, RS (Copersul), 25/XI [handwritten]19[printed]94[handwritten], A. Franceschini [handwritten] \ Col. MCN 232960 [printed] \ M. sexlineatus [handwritten]”; MCNZ • 2 specs; “Curitibá, Paraná [printed] 10942 [handwritten] \ Coll J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 4180 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus sexlineatus Kuhnt. [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 194[printed]5[handwritten]”; MCNZ. Distribution South Brazil. Remarks 1) There was one unlabelled specimen close to the lectotype in the UMZC collection. However, we do not know whether it is a syntype. 2) The unique (and very small) difference between the lectotypes European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 34 of M. discipennis and M. sexlineatus is the length of the elytral stripes, which is shorter in the former than in the latter. Similarly, the central elytral spot of the lectotype of M. deyrollei is shorter than that of M. discipennis conductus. Aside from colour variation, there is no other external morphological difference in the examined specimens and the morphological pattern of their male genitalia is the same. Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876: 444 [nec Taschenberg, 1870]. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil]. Mycotretus dimidiatus – Harold 1876: 174. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Remarks Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876 is a junior homonym of M. dimidiatus Taschenberg, 1870. Harold (1876: 174) proposed M. seminiger as a replacement name (see below). 25. Mycotretus egae Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus egae Crotch, 1876: 442. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus basalis Crotch, 1876: 438. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 4C). Mycotretus egae – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Mycotretus basalis – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 465. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 52. — Alvarenga 1994: 21. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 6C) BRAZIL • “TYPE. [printed], Egae Bates Ega [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus egae Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TEFÉ, Amazonas, Brasil, XII-1961, F.M. Oliveira [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus basalis Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Borba. Amazonas. [printed] 3.943 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18974 [handwritten] \ BORBA, Amazonas, BRASIL [printed] III-1943 [handwritten] Alexandre PARKO [printed] \ Mycotretus basalis Crotch [handwritten] J. Guerin det. 19[printed] 53 [handwritten]”; MZSP. Distribution North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994). Remarks Mycotretus egae differs from M. basalis in the more elongated elytral band. However, such a small difference in body coloration is expected to occur in conspecific Mycotretus within the same locality. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 35 26. Mycotretus episcaphoides Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus episcaphoides Crotch, 1876: 456. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus episcaphoides – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 6D) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], Episcaphoides Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus episcaphoides Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined ECUADOR • 1 ♂ (dissected); “ECUADOR [printed] Napo-cuyabeno, 230 m, nov 17/85 [?] [handwritten], Legit [printed] E. cotyiozo [?] [handwritten] \ Callischyrus n. sp. [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994). Remarks Mycotretus episcaphoides resembles M. floriger (Fig. 29F) in body shape and morphology of male genitalia. The penile flagellum of M. episcaphoides is less sclerotized than that of M. floriger. Male genitalia of both species have a sinuosity at the anterior one-third of the flagellum virga. That sinuosity is strongly sclerotized in M. floriger and desclerotized in the examined M. episcaphoides. This morphology of the penile flagellum resembles that observed in M. chilensis Crotch (Fig. 4F) and M. trifasciatus Guérin (Fig. 22A) (Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017). 27. Mycotretus fulviceps Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus fulviceps Crotch, 1876: 447. Type locality: “Santarem” [Santarém, in the state of Pará, North Brazil]. Mycotretus fulviceps – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 6E) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], fulviceps Santar. Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus fulviceps Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X. 1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 36 Fig. 6. Crotch primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus deyrollei Crotch, 1876. B–B’. Lectotype of M. dimidiatus Crotch, 1876 [= M. seminiger Harold, 1876]. C–C’. Lectotype of M. egae Crotch, 1876. D–D’. Lectotype of M. episcaphoides Crotch, 1876. E–E’. Lectotype of M. fulviceps Crotch, 1876. F–F’. Lectotype of M. fulvilabris Crotch, 1876. Scale bars = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 37 28. Mycotretus fulvilabris Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus fulvilabris Crotch, 1876: 447. Type locality: “S. Paulo” [São Paulo de Olivença, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus rastratus Crotch, 1876: 445. Type locality: “S. Paulo” [São Paulo de Olivença, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 10B). Mycotretus fulvilabris – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus rastratus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 6F) BRAZIL • “TYPE. [printed], fulvilabris S. Paulo Bates [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus fulvilabris Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X.1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus ? Haemetichytus [?] [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Jacareacanga, Pará Brasil, XII-1968, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ 2040 [printed] \ Mycotretus 164 [handwritten] \ n. sp [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994). Remarks 1) The locality “S. Paulo” mentioned on the labels of the lectotypes of M. fulvilabris and M. rastratus (Figs 6F’ and 10B’) refers to “São Paulo de Olivença” (in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil), where Henry Walter Bates collected specimens a few years before Crotch published his revision (Crotch 1876; Papavero 1973; Alvarenga 1994). 2) We examined the lectotype of M. rastratus in the Crotch collection and, excepted for its resemblance with a teneral (Fig. 10B), there is no morphological variation between it and the lectotype of M. fulvilabris. It is worth noting that the coloration observed in the lectotype of M. rastratus is typical of tenerals or not fully pigmented adults of Erotylidae. 29. Mycotretus guatemalae Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus guatemalae Crotch, 1876: 441. Type locality: “Guatemala”. Mycotretus guatemalae – Gorham 1888: 55. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 7A) GUATEMALA • “TYPE. [printed], guatemala Shepp. [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus guatemalae Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined GUATEMALA • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ S. Salvador, El Salvador, 24.vi.1960, J. Bechyné [handwritten] \ Mycotretus elegans Gorham, 1888 European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 38 [handwritten, misidentification] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1971 [handwritten] \ 1835-A [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Rio Caurimare, Caracas, 900m, 8.ix.1963, Boroon [handwritten] \ 1826 [printed] \ Mycotretus 203 [handwritten] \ M. guatemalae ? [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ S. Salvador, El Salvador, 24.vi.1960, J. Bechyné [handwritten] \ DZUP 132850 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution Guatemala, El Salvador, Venezuela. 30. Mycotretus illustris Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus illustris Crotch, 1876: 440. Type locality: “Mexico”. Mycotretus illustris – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 54. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 7B) MEXICO • “TYPE. [printed], illustris mex. Sallé [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus illustris Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined MEXICO • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Toxpam [printed] \ Mexico. Salle Coll. [printed] \ Mycotretus illustris Crotch = confluens Thom [?] apud Sallé [handwritten] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. Remarks According to Gorham (1888) it is “One of the largest and most beautiful species of this genus”. 31. Mycotretus laeviventris Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus laeviventris Crotch, 1876: 454. Type locality: “Mexico”. Mycotretus laeviventris – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 51. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 7C) MEXICO • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], laeviventris Mex. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus laeviventris Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined MEXICO • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ Volcán Sn. Martín, Ver. 29/v/51, Alfredo Barrera [handwritten] \ Volcán Sn. Martín, VER. 29–V–51, A. Barrera. [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus laeviventris Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1766 [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution Mexico. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 39 Fig. 7. Crotch primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus guatemalae Crotch, 1876. B–B’. Lectotype of M. illustris Crotch, 1876. C–C’. Lectotype of M. laeviventris Crotch, 1876. D–D’. Lectotype of M. lissomoides Crotch, 1876. E–E’. Lectotype of M. mutabilis Crotch, 1876. F–F’. Lectotype of M. mycetophagoides Crotch, 1876. Scale bars = 1 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 40 32. Mycotretus leopardus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus leopardus Crotch, 1876: 451. Type locality: “Peru”. Mycotretus leopardus – Gorham 1888: 49. — Kuhnt 1911: 54 [synonym of M. tigrinus]. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b: 4 [assignment of authorship to Crotch]. Primary type Lectotype PERU • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed] leopardus Peru [handwritten]”; UMZC. Remarks Junior synonym of M. tigrinus (Olivier, 1792) (see below). See discussion on the authorship of M. leopardus and other comments in Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade (2018b). 33. Mycotretus lissomoides Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus lissomoides Crotch, 1876: 455. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus lissomoides – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 7D) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], lissomoides Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus lissomoides Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution North Brazil. 34. Mycotretus mutabilis Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus mutabilis Crotch, 1876: 438. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus mutabilis – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 7E) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], mutabilis Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus mutabilis Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined Paralectotypes BRAZIL • 3 specs; “PARATYPE [blue label, printed] \ green label unwritten \ Bates [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus mutabilis Crotch, 1876 [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMZC • 1 spec.; “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], tricinctus Ega Bates [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed] ?, Mycotretus mutabilis Crotch [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMZC. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 41 Remarks 1) Mycotretus mutabilis is a new junior synonym of M. maculatus Olivier, 1792 (Fig. 39E, see below). 2) Under the description of M. mutabilis, Crotch (1876: 438) stated the following: “(…) In one specimen (M. tricinctus), which may be distinct, there is a third supplementary subapical fascia. Sides of the metasternum very sparingly punctate”. Although Crotch had suggested the name “M. tricinctus”, he did not provide a description for this species and that name has never been published anywhere, being therefore a nomen nudum. The specimen labelled as “M. tricinctus” in UMZC is morphologically similar to those from the type series of M. mutabilis with a few differences in the colour pattern that may be an infraspecific variation. Based on Crotch’s description and our examination, the specimen labelled as “M. tricinctus” is here considered a paralectotype of M. mutabilis, but we included a question mark on its label. 35. Mycotretus mycetophagoides mycetophagoides Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus mycetophagoides Crotch, 1876: 457. Type locality: “Para” [State of Pará, Brazil]. Mycotretus mycetophagoides – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 7F) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], mycetophagoides Para B. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus mycetophagoides Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution North Brazil (Alvarenga 1994). Remarks Resembles M. pulchellus Lacordaire (Fig. 34F), but differs in having an entire yellow spot at the basal third of elytra, rather than a divided yellow spot. We have no specimen of M. mycetophagoides at hand, but comparison of their descriptions has shown they may be conspecific. 36. Mycotretus mycetophagoides erythrocerus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus mycetophagoides erythrocerus Crotch, 1876: 457 [as a variety]. Type locality: “Tapagos” [= Tapajós, in the state of Pará, North Brazil]. Mycotretus mycetophagoides erythrocerus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 18. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 8A) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], erythrocerus Tapajos B [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus mycetophagoides erythrocerus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X. 1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed] \ Mycotretus mycetophagoides v. erythrocerus CR, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1989 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 48 Distribution Peru, North Brazil. Remarks The dissected female of M. pebasensis has the pronotal black spot slightly “split”, resembling that of M. separandus (Fig. 10F). In fact, M. pebasensis, M. separandus, M. egae (Fig. 6C), M. decoratus (Fig. 13B) and M. hilaris (Fig. 31B) are morphologically similar, based on their colour pattern, body shape and morphology of male genitalia. However, we noted a few differences in the sclerotization of the penile flagellum and flagellar head morphology. These species may be synonyms, a decision that is not possible to take before examining more specimens and determining whether their variations are diagnostic for keeping species separated or constitute infraspecific variations of a single species. 45. Mycotretus peruae Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus peruae Crotch, 1876: 446. Type locality: “Peru”. Mycotretus peruae – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 213. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 32. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 9D) PARU • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], Peruae Peru Jans [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus peruae Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined Paralectotype PERU • 1 spec.; “PARATYPE [blue label, printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed] ?, Mycotretus peruae Crotch, 1876 [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Unknown locality in Peru. Remarks One specimen placed close to the lectotype in the museum drawer has a single label on which is written “PARATYPE”. In the Crotch collection, most specimens which appear to be types have an additional blue “TYPE” or “PARATYPE” label of unknown origin (Skelley 1998b). We considered this specimen a paralectotype of M. peruae, but included a question mark on its label. Mycotretus peruae is morphologically similar to M. bicolor (Fig. 40A). 46. Mycotretus psylloboroides Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus psylloboroides Crotch, 1876: 443. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus psylloboroides – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. — Skelley 1998b: 16. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 49 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 9E) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], psylloboroid. Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus psylloboroides Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TEFE, Amazonas BRASIL, 27 a 31–VII–1956, M. Alvarenga legit [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus psylloboroides Crotch., 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1838 [printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “BRASIL Pará, Serra dos Carajas, II. 1988, Roppa & Magro [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil. Remarks The dissected male specimen has the central elytral spot split into two elongated spots, whereas in the dissected female the spot is undivided (as in the lectotype). It would be important to better compare additional males and females of the species and evaluate whether this is a sexual dimorphism. 47. Mycotretus quadripunctatus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus quadripunctatus Crotch, 1876: 450. Type locality: “N. Peru” [Northern Peru, apud Alvarenga 1994]. Mycotretus quadripunctatus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 174; 1951: 219, 223. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 9F) PERU • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], 4-punctatus N. Peru. Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus quadripunctatus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Remarks As pointed out by Skelley (1998b), and confirmed here, the lectotype lacks prothorax and head. 48. Mycotretus quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus Crotch, 1876: 440 [as a variety]. Type locality: unknown. Mycotretus quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 15. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 50 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 10A) UNKNOWN COUNTRY • “TYPE [printed], conjunctus Sheppard [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus quatuordecimguttatus conjunctus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Remarks New junior synonym of M. pecari Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 34C, see below). 49. Mycotretus rastratus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus rastratus Crotch, 1876: 445. Type locality: “S. Paulo” [São Paulo de Olivença, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus rastratus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 10B) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], rastratus, S. Paulo B. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus rastratus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Remarks New junior synonym of M. fulvilabris Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 6F, see above). 50. Mycotretus reticulatus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus reticulatus Crotch, 1876: 443. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus lopesi Alvarenga, 1989: 35. Type locality: “BRASIL, Pará: Jacareacanga” [Jacareacanga, in the state of Pará, North Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 2C). Mycotretus reticulatus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994. — 34; Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus lopesi – Alvarenga 1994: 28. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 10C) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], reticulatus Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus reticulatus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Rio Branco, Terr. do Acre BRASIL [printed], I. 1963, M. Alvarenga [handwritten] \ DZUP 132806 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ CRUZEIRO do SUL, Acre Brasil, II–1963, M. Alvarenga leg. [printed] \ 1832 [printed] \ Mycotretus reticulatus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1971 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 51 Fig. 10. Crotch primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus quatuordecimguttatus conjunctus Crotch, 1876. B–B’. Lectotype of M. rastratus Crotch, 1876. C–C’. Lectotype of M. reticulatus Crotch, 1876. D–D’. Lectotype of M. sallaei Crotch, 1876. E–E’. Lectotype of M. sanguinosus Crotch, 1876 [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842)]. F–F’. Lectotype of M. separandus Crotch, 1876. Scale bars = 1 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 52 Distribution North Brazil. Remarks The examined specimens of M. reticulatus differ from the holotype of M. lopesi (Fig. 2C) only in having the basal elytral fascia interrupted and the body length slightly larger. Two dissected individuals have body colour similar to that of M. reticulatus and are males, whereas the holotype of M. lopesi is a female. It should be evaluated whether such a small variation in colour is a sexual dimorphism. A similar example of sexual dimorphism related to colour variation can be found in M. chilensis Crotch (see Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017). 51. Mycotretus sallaei Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus sallaei Crotch, 1876: 452. Type locality: “Mexico”. Mycotretus sallaei – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Gorham 1888: 53. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 10D) MEXICO • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], Sallaei Mexico Sallé [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus sallaei Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined MEXICO • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Sp. figured [printed] \ Mexico. Salle Coll. [printed] \ Toxpam [printed] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Mycotretus sallaei Crotch, apud Sallé [handwritten]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. Mycotretus sanguinosus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus sanguinosus Crotch, 1876: 458. Type locality: “N. Granada” [The old Viceroyalty of New Granada, which at various times included parts of Colombia, Panama, Ecuador and Venezuela; without details of which country]. Mycotretus sanguinosus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Gorham 1888: 68. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 18. — PecciMaddalena et al. 2021b: 3080 [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus]. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 10E) UNKNOWN COUNTRY • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed] sanguineus N Gran R. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus sanguinosus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten]”; UMZC. Remarks Junior synonym of Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842) (Fig. 27C, see below), see PecciMaddalena et al. (2021b). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 53 52. Mycotretus separandus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus separandus Crotch, 1876: 442. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus separandus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 10F) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. separandus Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus separandus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Estirão do Equador, Amazonas, Brasil X. 1979, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus separandus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten] \ M [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil. 53. Mycotretus sericeonitens sericeonitens Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus sericeonitens Crotch, 1876: 445. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus sericeonitens – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 53. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 223. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Delkeskamp 1957: 99. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 11A) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed], sericeonitens Ega B [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus sericeonitens Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimen examined Paralectotype BRAZIL • 1 spec.; “PARATYPE [blue label, printed] \ green square [unwritten] \ Bates [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus sericeonitens Crotch, 1876 [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, North Brazil. Remarks Mycotretus sericeonitens resembles M. signatellus (Fig. 11B) in body colour and shape, and these species are morphologically similar. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 54 54. Mycotretus sericeonitens monticola Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus sericeonitens monticola Crotch, 1876: 445 [as a variety]. Type locality: “Ecuador”. Mycotretus sericeonitens monticola – Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Mader 1951: 223. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Type specimen Not located. Distribution Unknown locality in Ecuador. Remarks As mentioned by Skelley (1998b), there is no M. sericeonitens monticola labeled in the Crotch collection. Recently, the senior author also examined that collection and did not find any M. sericeonitens monticola there. 55. Mycotretus signatellus signatellus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus signatellus Crotch, 1876: 443. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus signatellus imperfectus Crotch, 1876: 443 [as a variety]: Type locality: “Para” [State of Pará, North Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 11C). Mycotretus fragosoi Alvarenga, 1983: 587. Type locality: “BRASIL, Amazonas, Estirão do Equador (coordenadas aproximadas, long 71º38’W e lat 4º33’S)” [Rio Javari, Estirão do Equador, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 2B). Mycotretus signatellus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus signatellus imperfectus – Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16 [“imperfecta”]. Mycotretus fragosoi – Alvarenga 1994: 26. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 11B) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], signatellus Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus signatellus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined Paralecotype BARZIL • 1 spec.; “Bates [printed] \ PARATYPE [blue label, printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus signatellus Crotch, 1876 [yellow label, handwritten]; UMZC. Additional material BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TEFE, Amazonas BRASIL, 27 a 31-VII-1956, M. Alvarenga legit [printed] \ signatellus Crotch [handwritten] \ 1779 [printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TEFE, Amazonas BRASIL, 27 a 31-VII-1956, M. Alvarenga legit [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus signatellus v. imperfectus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 55 [printed] \ 1778 [printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TEFE, Amazonas BRASIL, 27 a 31-VII-1956, M. Alvarenga legit [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus signatellus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ DZUP 132790 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 spec.; “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ TEFE, Amazonas BRASIL, 27 a 31-VII-1956, M. Alvarenga legit [printed] \ DZUP 132792 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Marituba [printed] 24.10 [handwritten] -196 [printed] 1 [handwritten] \ Brasil, P A, J. & B. Bechyné [printed] \ MG [printed] \ 1772 [printed] \ Mycotretus 186 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution North Brazil. Remarks There is no morphological difference between the holotype of M. fragosoi (Fig. 2B) and the lectotype of M. signatellus (Fig. 11B). Despite small differences in body colour between M. signatellus and M. signatellus imperfectus, there are no conspicuous differences in the external morphology and the morphology of their male genitalia. We have also observed that M. signatellus is morphologically similar to M. lacertosus (Fig. 31E) based on similarities of their penile flagellum and body color. 56. Mycotretus signatellus imperfectus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus signatellus imperfectus Crotch, 1876: 443 [as a variety]. Type locality: “Para” [State of Pará, North Brazil]. Mycotretus signatellus imperfectus – Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16 [“imperfecta”]. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 11C) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE [printed], Var imperfecta Para Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus signatellus imperfecta Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Remarks New junior synonym of Mycotretus signatellus Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 11B, see above). 57. Mycotretus succinctus Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus succinctus Crotch, 1876: 452. Type locality: “N. Granada” [The old Viceroyalty of New Granada, which at various times included parts of Colombia, Panama, Ecuador and Venezuela; without details of which country]. Mycotretus succinctus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 54. — Deelder 1942: 90. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 11D) UNKNOWN COUNTRY or COLOMBIA • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. succinctus, N. Gran Reiche. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus succinctus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 56 Fig. 11. Crotch primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus sericeonitens Crotch, 1876. B–B’. Lectotype of M. signatellus Crotch, 1876. C–C’. Lectotype of M. signatellus imperfectus Crotch, 1876. D–D’. Lectotype of M. succinctus Crotch, 1876. E–E’. Lectotype of M. tricolor Crotch, 1876. Scale bars = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 57 Other specimens examined UNKNOWN COUNTRY • 1 spec.; “Col. [handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Colombia. Remarks In the UMZC drawer, there is one specimen placed close to the lectotype and labeled “Col.” (handwritten), but we do not know whether it is a syntype and prefer not to label it as a paralectotype. 58. Mycotretus tigrinus pardalis Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus tigrinus pardalis Crotch, 1876: 451 [as a variety]. Type locality: “Ecuador” [apud Alvarenga 1994]. Mycotretus tigrinus pardalis – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 54. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 216. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b: 4 [synonym of M. tigrinus]. Type specimen Not located. Distribution Peru, Ecuador, North Brazil. Remarks Junior synonym of M. tigrinus (Olivier, 1792) (Fig. 39F, see comments below). The type of M. tigrinus pardalis was not located in the Crotch collection. 59. Mycotretus tricolor Crotch, 1876 Mycotretus tricolor Crotch, 1876: 444. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus tricolor – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 54. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 212. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 11E) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. tricolor Ega Bates [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus tricolor Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TABATINGA, Amazonas BRASIL [printed] X. 1958 [handwritten] F.M. Oliveira [printed] \ Mycotretus tricolor Crotch., 1876 [handwritten], M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1971 [handwritten] \ PMMA [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ TEFÉ, Amazonas Brasil [printed] VIII.1957 [handwritten] R. Carvalho [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus tricolor Crotch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1840 [printed] \ DZUP 132801 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 64 Fig. 13. A–D. Duponchel primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Lectotype of Erotylus coronatus Duponchel, 1825 [currently Mycotretus coronatus (Duponchel)]. B–B’. Lectotype of E. decoratus Duponchel, 1825 [currently M. decoratus (Duponchel)]. C–C’. Lectotype of E. duodecimguttatus Duponchel, 1825 [currently M. duodecimguttatus (Duponchel)]. D–D’. Lectotype of E. melanophthalmus Duponchel, 1825 [currently Mycomystes melanophthalmus (Duponchel)]. E–E’. Specimen of M. minutus (Duponchel, 1825) from the DZUP collection (Brazil). F–F’. Specimen of M. nigropunctatus (Duponchel, 1825) from the Brême collection (MRSN). Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm; E = 0.5 mm; F = see Material and methods. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 65 Collection of M. le marquis de Brême (MRSN). Dejean (1836) indicated the synonymy of the specific name “polyomatus chevrolat” listed under the name “Duodecimgutattus. Dej.”, by placing both names within a single set of brackets. The name “polyomatus” is a nomen nudum, and appears only in the catalogue of Gemminger & Harold (1876) under the name “12-guttatus Duponch”, both names being synonyms of M. ocellatus Germar. We have only located that “polyomatus” specimen, among the Dejean specimens in the Brême collection. Duponchel (1825) did not mention Chevrolat’s name on his description of M. duodecimguttatus. However, it is known that Chevrolat exchanged specimens with notable entomologists throughout his life (Latreille, Duméril, Dejean and Guérin) (Reiche 1884). We considered that this “polyomatus specimen” was already kept in the Brême collection, along with many of Dejean’s specimens, by the time Duponchel (1825) made his descriptions. Therefore, we selected the “polyomatus” as the lectotype of M. duodecimguttatus. Mycomystes melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus melanophthalmus Duponchel, 1825: 160 [description]. Type locality: “Brésil”. Erotylus (Brachymerus) cinctellus Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 153 [description]. Mycotretus discoidalis Taschenberg, 1870: 199 [description]. Mycotretus melanophthalmus – Lacordaire 1842: 179. — Guérin-Méneville 1855: 610. — Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 29. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Pecci-Maddalena & LopesAndrade 2020: 585. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycotretus cinctellus – Lacordaire 1842: 178. — Crotch 1876: 447. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 48. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 212. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin-Méneville 1841: 153–154. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3090 [junior synonym of Mycomystes melanophthalmus]. Mycotretus discoidalis – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 49. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 214. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3091 [junior synonym of Mycomystes melanophthalmus]. Mycomystes melanophthalmus – Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3090. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 13D) BRAZIL • “LECTOTYPE [printed] Erotylus melanophthalmus Duponchel, 1825 [red label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825) [handwritten] det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [printed]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined See Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b). Distribution From Central America to Argentina. Remarks See Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b). 69. Mycotretus minutus (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus minutus Duponchel, 1825: 54. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus quadrinus Lacordaire, 1842: 155 (Fig. 35D). Type locality: “Brésil”. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 66 Mycotretus minutus – Lacordaire 1842: 154. — Crotch 1876: 455. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 29. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Mycotretus quadrinus – Crotch 1876: 455 [junior synonym]. — Alvarenga 1994: 29. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Type specimen Not located. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ spec. (dissected; Fig. 13E); “IX [handwritten] 195 [printed] 2 [handwritten] \ Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 27º11ºB [?].52º23ºL, Fritz Plaumann, 300–500 m [printed] \ DZUP 135192 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Canela, RS, Barragem dos Bugres, 23.XI.1998, Franceschini col [printed] \ Col. MCN [printed] 163.038 [handwritten] \ M. minutus [handwritten]”; MCNZ. Distribution South and Southeast Brazil. Remarks Mycotretus minutus resembles M. pygmaeus (Fig. 35C) in body shape and morphology of male genitalia. In the absence of a larger series of named specimens for comparison, we prefer not to synonymize these species. Duponchel (1825) stated that M. minutus “(…) fait partie de la collection de M. le comte Dejean, qui l’a nommée minutus”. In the Brême collection (MRSN), there is one specimen labeled “D. Gysselen”, a name that sometimes appears in Dejean’s catalogue (although not close to the name “minutus”). We are still in doubt whether that specimen would be the primary type or not; therefore, we prefer not to assign type status to it. 70. Mycotretus nigropunctatus (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus nigropunctatus Duponchel, 1825: 51. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus nigropunctatus – Lacordaire 1842: 142. — Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Gorham 1888: 48. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 51. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 13F). BRAZIL • “Lacordaire [handwritten]”; MRSN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see below). 1) Lacordaire (1842) provided a redescription of M. nigropunctatus stating the following: “Cette description du type de l’espèce est faite sur le même exemplaire qui a servi à M. Duponchel pour la sienne”. The examined specimen from MRSN has a label written “Lacordaire” and fits the description made by him and Duponchel. Therefore, this specimen is designated as the lectotype of M. nigropunctatus. 2) The name “octopunctatus Chevrolat” is a nomen nudum and appears in the Dejean Catalogue (1836) under M. nigropunctatus. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 67 71. Mycotretus ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus ornatus Duponchel, 1825: 49. Type locality: “Brésil”. Erotylus coronatus Duponchel, 1825: 50. Type locality: “Brésil” syn. nov. (Fig. 13A). Erotylus maculosus Duponchel, 1825: 52 (Fig. 14B). Type locality: “Brésil”. Erotylus nigropunctatus Duponchel, 1825: 51. Type locality: “Brésil” syn. nov. (Fig. 13F). Erotylus puncticollis Duponchel, 1825: 54. Type locality: “Brésil” syn. nov. Mycotretus cognatus Lacordaire, 1842: 145. Type locality: “Rio-janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 27E). Mycotretus difficilis Lacordaire, 1842: 136. Type locality: “Brésil” syn. nov. (Fig. 28A). Mycotretus dubius Lacordaire, 1842: 141. Type locality: “Brésil” syn. nov. (Fig. 28E). Mycotretus godarti Lacordaire, 1842: 146. Type locality: “Colombie” (Fig. 30D). Mycotretus graphoderus Lacordaire, 1842: 144. Type locality: “Brésil” syn. nov. (Fig. 30F). Mycotretus intermedius Lacordaire, 1842: 135. Type locality: “Rio-Janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil] syn. nov. (Fig. 31C). Mycotretus melanostictus Lacordaire, 1842: 139 (Fig. 33A). Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus posticus Lacordaire, 1842: 147. Type locality: “Colombie” syn. nov. Mycotretus terminalis Lacordaire, 1842: 134 (Fig. 37C). Type locality: “Rio-Janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil]. Mycotretus graphoderus strigipennis Kuhnt, 1910: 244 [as a variety]. Type locality: not mentioned [based on type label = “Brasilien”] syn. nov. (Fig. 24E). Mycotretus graphoderus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910: 244 [as a variety]. Type locality: not mentioned [based on type label = “Brasilien”] syn. nov. (Fig. 24F). Mycotretus dispar Taschenberg, 1870: 197. Type locality: “Colombia” syn. nov. (Fig. 40E). Mycotretus partitialis Mader, 1940: 12. Type locality: “Cauca in Colombien” [Department of Cauca, Colombia] syn. nov. (Fig. 39A). Mycotretus ornatus partitialis Deelder, 1942: 88 [as a variety]. Type locality: “Cauca, Colombia” [Department of Cauca, Colombia] syn. nov. (Fig. 12B). Mycotretus ornatus – Lacordaire 1842: 137. — Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Gorham 1888: 47; 1898: 253. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 51. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 220. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Delkeskamp 1957: 99. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Węgrzynowicz 2002: 450. — Drilling et al. 2013: 38. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycotretus nigropunctatus – Lacordaire 1842: 142. — Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Gorham 1888: 48. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 51. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus puncticollis – Lacordaire 1842: 142 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. Mycotretus cognatus – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus coronatus – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 23 [error in type-locality]. Mycotretus difficilis – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. Mycotretus dubius – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. Mycotretus godarti – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 47 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1911: 52. — Deelder European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 68 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 218, 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Mycotretus graphoderus – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Mader 1951: 220. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus intermedius – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Mycotretus maculosus – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 47 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1910: 238; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus melanostictus – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 47 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus posticus – Crotch 1876: 450 [junior synonym of M. godarti Lacordaire]. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 218, 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. Mycotretus terminalis – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Gorham 1888: 47 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1911: 52. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 32. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus dispar – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 49. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 215, 223. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Mycotretus graphoderus strigipennis – Kuhnt 1911: 50. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Mader 1951: 221. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. Mycotretus graphoderus thoracicus – Kuhnt 1911: 50. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 19. — Mader 1951: 221. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Mycotretus partitialis – Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Delkeskamp 1957: 113. — Alvarenga 1994: 32. Mycotretus ornatus partitialis – Delkeskamp 1957: 113. — Alvarenga 1994: 32. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 14A) BRAZIL • “Myc. Ornatus. Type [handwritten]” \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Erotylus ornatus Duponchel, 1825 [red label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus ornatus (Duponchel) [handwritten] det. I Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [printed]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 spec. (Fig. 28A); “Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, Santa Catharina [printed], 3.1935 [handwritten], B. Pohl [printed] \ Mycotretus difficilis lac. [handwritten]”; MZSP • 1 ♂ (dissected; Fig. 40E); “Santa Jnéz, (Ecuad.), R.Haensch S. [printed] \ Mycotretus dispar Tasch., 1870 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Rio Grande, RS, 17/X/76, ey. Becker. [handwritten] leg. [printed] \ Col MCN 26.759 [handwritten]”; MCNZ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CORCOVADO, Guanabara BRASIL [printed], XII. 1967 [handwritten], Alvarenga & Seabra [printed] \ DZUP 135988 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CORCOVADO, Guanabara BRASIL [printed], X. 1969 [handwritten], Alvarenga & Seabra [printed] \ DZUP 135987 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Campos do Jordão, S. Paulo, Brasil, I–1969, W. Bokermann [printed] \ 2345 [printed] \ PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 69 nigropunctatus Dup. [handwritten] \ DZUP 136014 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Erotylidae [printed] \ BRASIL–MG, Viçosa–UFV [printed], 16/III/98 [handwritten], MARIANO, CSF [printed]”; CELC • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Col MCN 26.760 [handwritten] \ Rio Grande, 17/X/76, ey. Becker. [handwritten] leg. [printed]”; MCNZ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Triunfo/RS (Copesul), 03/V/2000, R. Araujo col. [printed] \ Col. MCN [printed] 167.259 [handwritten]”; MCNZ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Inst. M. Lillo [printed] \ Cotomayo. Salta. R.A. 22.II.1960, R. Golbach [printed] \ 2274 [printed] \ DZUP 136349 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Bra de Riquête [?], 1500 m P. Moreira, MG. XII. 1957 [handwritten] \ DZUP 136023 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CAMPOS do JORDÃO, S. Paulo BRASIL, XI-1957, K. Lenko leg. [printed] \ DZUP 136094 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Cambará do Sul, RS, 19-21/XII/ 1994, A. Franceschini [handwritten] \ Col. MCN 238412 [printed]”; MCNZ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ PARATYPUS [printed] \ Cauca, Columb. [printed] \ Mycotretus partitialis Mader, 1940 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ CAMPOS do JORDÃO, S. Paulo BRASIL, XI-1957, K. Lenko leg. [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus graphoderes Lac., 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 2257 [printed] \ DZUP 136064 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ CAMPOS do JORDÃO, S. Paulo BRASIL, XI-1957, K. Lenko leg. [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus graphoderes v. strigipennis Kuhnt., 1910 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 2251 [printed] \ DZUP 136065 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ PARATYPUS [printed] \ Cauca, Columb. [printed] \ Mycotretus partitialis Mader, 1940 [handwritten] \ DZUP 311170 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution Neotropical region. Remarks 1) As already pointed out by Gorham (1888), M. ornatus (Duponchel) “is one of the most variable species of the Erotylidae, hence descriptions founded upon colour alone are of little value”. Gorham (1888) synonymized five species under M. ornatus (see heading above), mentioning that “species cited as synonymous present absolutely no structural difference and probably several others described by Lacordaire are in the same position”. In fact, we dissected several male indivuals phenotypically close to the species synonymized here, as well specimens showing other colour variations, and their genitalia have exactly the same morphological pattern. Aside from that, the ventral and dorsal morphologies follow the same pattern in all specimens, with no consistent and conspicuous differences among them. Therefore, eighteen synonyms are here included under M. ornatus. 2) We observed, based on colour pattern and structures of male genitalia, that M. ornatus is morphologically similar to M. scitulus Lacordaire (Fig. 36E), M. expressus Kuhnt (Fig. 24C), M. dorsonotatus Lacordaire (Fig. 28D), M. fallax (Guérin-Menéville) (Fig. 22C) and M. fasciolatus Lacordaire (Fig. 29C). 3) The labels of the lectotype of M. coronatus (Duponchel) (Fig. 13A’, new synonym of M. ornatus) seem to preserve its full story: (i) the disc-shaped label has the name “Campos geraés” (Campos Gerais), which is one of the places that Augustin F.C.P de Saint-Hilaire (who collected that specimen (Duponchel 1825: 51)) visited during his expedition through Brazil from 1816 to 1822 (see Papavero 1971). The region of Campos Gerais corresponds to a place close to Curitiba, the capital of the state of Paraná in South Brazil (Pereira & Iegelski 2004), and the specimen may have been collected in 1820, the year in which Saint-Hilaire visited there (see Papavero 1971); (ii) The letter of the label “coronatus” resembles that of Saint-Hilaire who, probably, may have also suggested that name to Duponchel, the latter describing the species as “Erotylus coronatus” in 1825; (iii) The letter of the label “Mycotretus coronatus Duponchel” closely resembles that of Lacordaire (see Horn et al. 1990b: 507, an example of Lacordaire lettering). Lacordaire, transferred that species from Erotylus to Mycotretus (Lacordaire 1842: 141), and it is worth noting that he made European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 70 a mistake mentioning that the examined M. coronatus would have been collected in “Minas Geraes” (Minas Gerais), a state in Southeast Brazil; (iv) The printed label “Lectotipo” (in Portuguese) follows the pattern used by Moacyr Alvarenga, who visited some European natural history museums in the 1960s. Although Alvarenga may have labeled this specimen, he never published any lectotype designation; (v) The last label was recently added by the senior author and includes the current identification of the species. 4) Lacordaire (1842:137) synonymized Mycotretus pectoralis, a name that appears in the Dejean Catalogue (1836), with M. ornatus. However, the former species was never described and was mentioned in the literature only a few times (e.g., Gemminger & Harold 1876; Gorham 1888), being absent in the two main catalogues containing Neotropical Erotylidae (i.e., Blackwelder 1945; Alvarenga 1994). Furthermore, we did not locate its type in any of the examined collections. Therefore, here we considered the name Mycotretus pectoralis a nomen nudum. 72. Mycotretus puncticollis (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus puncticollis Duponchel, 1825: 54. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus puncticollis – Lacordaire 1842: 142 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. Type specimen Not located. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). Lacordaire (1842) synonymized M. puncticollis under M. nigropunctatus (one of the new junior synonyms of M. ornatus proposed here, see above). Based on the description and redescription of M. puncticollis (Duponchel 1825: 54 and Lacordaire 1842: 142), we’ve noted that this species is just another variation of M. ornatus. 73. Mycotretus maculosus (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus maculosus Duponchel, 1825: 52. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus maculosus – Lacordaire 1842: 140. — Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 47 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1910: 238; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 14B) BRAZIL • “maculifrons Chevrolat. [handwritten] \ femoratus Chevrolat. [handwritten]”; MRSN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). The names “maculifrons Chevrolat” and “femoratus Chevrolat” are nomina nuda, and appear only in the catalogue of Gemminger & Harold (1876) under the name “maculosus Duponch”. We have located only the specimen with two labels (“maculifrons Chevrolat” and “femoratus Chevrolat”) among the Dejean specimens in the Brême collection (Fig. 14B) and selected it as the lectotype of M. maculosus (see the Remarks for M. ocellatus (Germar) above). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 71 74. Mycotretus sanguineus (Duponchel, 1825) Erotylus sanguineus Duponchel, 1825: 54. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus sanguineus – Lacordaire 1842: 187. — Crotch 1876: 456. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 14C) BRAZIL • “rubidulus Chevrolat [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Erotylus sanguineus Duponchel, 1825 [red label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus sanguineus (Duponchel) [handwritten] det. I. PecciMaddalena 2017 [printed]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Viamão, RS, 08/X/1997, L. Moura [handwritten] leg. [printed] \ Col. MCN 238468 [printed]”; MCNZ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Corcovado [handwritten], Rio de Janeiro [printed], 21.10. [handwritten]1945[printed], WYGODZINSKY L. [printed] \ Mycotretus sanguineus Dup. [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 194 [printed]8[handwritten] \ DZUP 132947 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution Colombia. Southeast Brazil. X. Fauvel, C.A.A. Mycotretus unicolor Fauvel, 1860 Mycotretus unicolor Fauvel, 1860: 326. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus unicolor – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3080 [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus]. Type specimen Not located. Remarks Junior synonym of Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842) (Fig. 27C, see below), see PecciMaddalena et al. (2021b). Part of Fauvel’s collection is now in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, RBINS (Horn et al. 1990a) and the specimen shown in Fig. 14D belongs to that collection. Although it is a “topotype”, we believe that this specimen is not that used by Fauvel on his description. According to Fauvel (1860: 326): “(…) Palpes, épistome et base des antennes tescés (…)” and after: “L’exemplaire unique que j’ai sous les yeux perdu ses antennes moins deux articles de chaque côté”. We did not examine the individual shown in the plate (Fig. 14D, image sent by the RBINS curator); however, it is possible to note that its right antennal club is present and, therefore, that specimen may not be Fauvel’s type. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 72 XI. Germar, E.F. 75. Mycotretus conspersus (Germar, 1824) Erotylus conspersus Germar, 1824: 614. Type locality: “Brasilia”. Erotylus conspersus – Lacordaire 1842: 145 [junior synonym of M. tigrinus (Olivier, 1792), Fig. 39F, see below]. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2018b: 4. Type specimen Not located. Remarks Junior synonym of M. tigrinus (Olivier, 1792) (see comments below). 76. Mycotretus humeralis (Germar, 1824) Erotylus humeralis Germar, 1824: 614. Type locality: “Brasilia”. Mycotretus humeralis – Lacordaire 1842: 189. — Crotch 1876: 457. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Type specimen Not located. Distribution Unknown locality in Brazil. Mycotretus ocellatus (Germar, 1824) Erotylus ocellatus Germar, 1824: 613 [nec Olivier, 1792]. Type locality: “Brasilia”. Erotylus duodecimguttatus Duponchel, 1825: 53. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus ocellatus – Lacordaire 1842: 164. — Crotch 1876: 441. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 51. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 215. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Mycotretus duodecimguttatus – Lacordaire 1842: 164. — Crotch 1876: 441. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. — Skelley 1998b: 15. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Type specimen Not located. Remarks Mycotretus ocellatus (Germar, 1824) is a primary junior homonym and this species must be referred to as Mycotretus duodecimguttatus (Duponchel, 1825); see Remarks on M. duodecimguttatus above. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 73 Fig. 14. A–C, E–F. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Lectotype of Erotylus ornatus Duponchel [currently Mycotretus ornatus (Duponchel)]. B–B’. Lectotype of E. maculosus Duponchel, 1825 [currently M. maculosus (Duponchel)]. C–C’. Lectotype of E. sanguineus Duponchel, 1825 [currently M. sanguineus (Duponchel)]. D–D’. Topotype of M. unicolor Fauvel, 1860 from RBINS (Belgium) [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842)]. E–E’. Lectotype of M. aegrotus Gorham, 1888. F–F’. Lectotype of M. alternans Gorham, 1888. Scale bars = 1 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 80 Primary type Holotype (Fig. 16C) MEXICO • “[?, Handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ M. crudus G. [handwritten] \ Atlisco, Puebla. Höge. [printed] \ Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus crudus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. 88. Mycotretus cruentus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus cruentus Gorham, 1888: 59. Type locality: “Guatemala, Zapote, San Juan in Vera Paz, Senahu”. Mycotretus cruentus – Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 23. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 16D) GUATEMALA • “B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ M. cruentus [handwritten] \ Senahu, Vera Paz. Champion. [printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Type [disc-shaped label] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus cruentus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotype GUATEMALA • 1 spec.; “San Juan, Vera Paz. Champion. [printed] \ Mycotretus cruentus G. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus cruentus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Guatemala. 89. Mycotretus elegans Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus elegans Gorham, 1888: 55. Type locality: “Guatemala, San Gerónimo”. Mycotretus elegans – Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 16E) GUATEMALA • “Mycotretus elegans, Gorh [handwritten] \ S. Geronimo, Guatemala. Champion. [printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus elegans Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotypes GUATEMALA • 1 ♀ (dissected); “S. Geronimo, Guatemala. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] elegans Gorh. [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus elegans Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 spec.; “San Geronimo, Vera Paz. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A., PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 81 Fig. 16. Gorham primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus consanguineus Gorham, 1888. B–B’. Lectotype of M. cribratus Gorham, 1888. C–C’. Holotype of M. crudus Gorham, 1888. D–D’. Lectotype of M. cruentus Gorham, 1888. E–E’. Lectotype of M. elegans Gorham, 1888. F–F’. Holotype of M. epopterus Gorham, 1888. Scale bars = 1 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 82 Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] elegans Gorh. [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus elegans Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Guatemala. 90. Mycotretus epopterus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus epopterus Gorham, 1888: 69. Type locality: “Mexico, Toxpam”. Mycotretus epopterus – Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 16F) MEXICO • “Toxpam [handwritten] Mexico. Salle Coll. [printed] \ Sp. figured. [printed] \ 2388 [printed] \ Mycotretus epopterus, Gorh. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus epopterus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. 91. Mycotretus erraticus Gorham, 1898 Mycotretus erraticus Gorham, 1888: 254. Type locality: “Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero 4600 feet” [state of Guerrero, Mexico]. Mycotretus erraticus – Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 17A) MEXICO • “B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Mycotretus erraticus, Gorh. [handwritten] \ Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 4600 ft. July. H.H. Smith. [printed] \ Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus erraticus Gorham, 1888 [printed] (left) [red label, handwritten]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotype MEXICO • “B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Mycotretus erraticus, Gorh. [handwritten] \ Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 4600 ft. July. H.H. Smith. [printed] \ Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus erraticus Gorham, 1888 [printed] (right) [yellow label, handwritten]”; BMNH Distribution Mexico. Remarks The lectotype and paralectotype are mounted on the same card on the left and right sides, respectively. Only the lectotype is shown here (Fig. 17A). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 83 92. Mycotretus geminus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus geminus Gorham, 1888: 50. Type locality: “Panama, Bugaba, David” [province of Chiriquí, Panama]. Mycotretus geminus – Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 17B) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Bugaba, Panama. Champion [printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ [?, handwritten] \ Mycotretus geminus, Gorh [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus geminus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotype PANAMA • 1 ♂ (dissected); “David, Chiriqui. Champion. [printed] \ geminus Gorh. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus geminus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Panama. 93. Mycotretus haemapterus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus haemapterus Gorham, 1888: 68. Type locality: “Panama, Bugaba”. Mycotretus haemapterus – Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 17C) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Bugaba, Panama. Champion [printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Mycotretus haemapterus, Gorh [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus haemapterus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotype PANAMA • 1 spec.; “Bugaba, Panama. Champion [printed] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. [printed] Mycotr. haemapterus, Gor. [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus haemapterus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Panama, North Brazil. 94. Mycotretus haematicus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus haematicus Gorham, 1888: 61. Type locality: “Costa Rica”. Mycotretus haematicus – Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 84 Fig. 17. Gorham primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus erraticus Gorham, 1888. B–B’. Lectotype of M. geminus Gorham, 1888. C–C’. Lectotype of M. haemapterus Gorham, 1888. D–D’. Holotype of M. haematicus Gorham, 1888. E–E’. Holotype of M. hirudo Gorham, 1888. F–F’. Lectotype of M. incarnatus Gorham, 1888. Scale bars = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 85 Primary type Holotype (Fig. 17D) COSTA RICA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ haematicus Gorham [handwritten] \ Costa Rica. H. Rogers. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus haematicus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Unknown locality in Costa Rica. 95. Mycotretus hirudo Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus hirudo Gorham, 1888: 59. Type locality: “Guatemala, San Gerónimo”. Mycotretus hirudo – Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 17E) GUATEMLA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Mycotretus hirudo, Gor. [handwritten] \ S. Geronimo, 3000 ft. Champion. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus hirudo Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Guatemala. 96. Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888: 62. Type locality: “Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui” [province of Chiriquí, Panama]. Mycotretus incarnatus – Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 17F) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Bugaba, 800–1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ Mycotretus incarnatus Gorh. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed] left [handwritten]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotypes PANAMA • 1 spec.; “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Bugaba, 800– 1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ Mycotretus incarnatus Gorh. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed] right [handwritten]”; BMNH • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Jalapa, Mexico. Hoege. [printed] \ incarnatus [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 spec.; “Jalapa, Mexico. Hoege.\ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] incarnatus [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 spec.; “Chontales. Nicaragua. T. Belt [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] incarnatus [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 86 Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 2 specs; “V. de Chiriqui, 25–4000 ft., Champion [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] incarnatus [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] incarnatus [handwritten] \ 1660 [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; MNRJ • 1 spec.; “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Panama [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ incarnatus [handwritten] \ 1659 [printed] \ DZUP 132761 [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus incarnatus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; DZUP. Distribution Mexico and Central America. Remarks The lectotype and one paralectotype are mounted on the same card and we considered the left one as being the lectotype. Only the lectotype is shown here (Fig. 17F). 97. Mycotretus interstictus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus interstictus Gorham, 1888: 50. Type locality: “Nicaragua, Chontales” [Department of Chontales, Nicaragua]. Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt, 1910: 239. Type locality: “Panama, Isthmus Mataschin” syn. nov. (Fig. 25A). Mycotretus interstictus – Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Mycotretus interstitialis – Kuhnt 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 18A) NICARAGUA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Mycotretus interstictus Gorham. [handwritten] \ Chontales. Nicaragua. T. Belt. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus interstictus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Nicaragua and Panama. Remarks Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt, 1910 is almost identical to M. interstictus Gorham 1888, the single detectable difference being that a black cephalic spot is apparently absent on the former and present on M. interstictus. Based on general similarities and the proximity of their type localities (Nicaragua and Panama), we synonymize M. interstitialis under M. interstictus. 98. Mycotretus laccophilinus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus laccophilinus Gorham, 1888: 57. Type locality: “Panama, Bugaba”. Mycotretus laccophilinus – Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3099. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 87 Primary type Holotype (Fig. 18B) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Bugaba, 800–1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ Sp. figured. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ Mycotretus laccophylinus Gorh [handwritten; misspelling] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus laccophilinus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Panama. 99. Mycotretus luteolus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus luteolus Gorham, 1888: 58. Type locality: “Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui” [province of Chiriquí, Panama]. Mycotretus luteolus – Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 18C) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ V. de Chiriqui, 25–4000 ft. Champion. [printed] \ M. luteolus G [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus luteolus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Panama. 100. Mycotretus melanotus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus melanotus Gorham, 1888: 66. Type locality: “Panama, La Caldera in Chiriqui” [province of Chiriquí, Panama]. Mycotretus melanotus – Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 29. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 18D) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Caldera, 1200 ft. Champion [printed] \ Mycotretus melanotus, G. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus melanotus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Panama. 101. Mycotretus nigricollis Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus nigricollis Gorham, 1888: 70. Type locality: “Mexico, Toxpam”. Mycotretus nigricollis – Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3099. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 88 Fig. 18. Gorham primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Holotype of Mycotretus interstictus Gorham, 1888. B–B’. Holotype of M. laccophilinus Gorham, 1888. C–C’. Lectotype of M. luteolus Gorham, 1888. D–D’. Lectotype of M. melanotus Gorham, 1888. E–E’. Holotype of M. nigricollis Gorham, 1888. F–F’. Holotype of Mycotretus nigripes Gorham, 1888. Scale bars = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 89 Primary type Holotype (Fig. 18E) MEXICO • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ Mycotretus nigricollis [handwritten] \ 2421 [printed] \ Toxpam [printed] \ Mexico. Salle Coll. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus nigricollis Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. 102. Mycotretus nigripes Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus nigripes Gorham, 1888: 64. Type locality: “Guatemala, Cerro Zunil” [= Volcán Santo Tomás, Guatemala]. Mycotretus nigripes – Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 18F) GUATEMALA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Cerro Zunil, 4–5000 ft. Champion. [printed] \ Mycotretus nigripes, Gorh [handwritten] \ black legs –coarse punct. - ? Palpi [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus nigripes Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Guatemala. 103. Mycotretus normalis Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus normalis Gorham, 1888: 51. Type locality: “Mexico, Cordova”. Mycotretus normalis – Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 51. — B1ackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 19A) MEXICO • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Mycotretus normalis, G. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII Mycotretus [printed] \ Cordova, Mexico. Hoege. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus normalis Gorham 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. 104. Mycotretus noterinus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus noterinus Gorham, 1888: 65. Type locality: “Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui” [province of Chiriquí, Panama]. Mycotretus noterinus – Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 51. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 96 113. Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888: 53. Type locality: “Panama, Bugaba”. Mycotretus spadiceus – Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1910: 239; 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 20E) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus [printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ M. spadiceus Gorh. [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotypes PANAMA • 2 specs (mounted on same card); “Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 2 specs (mounted on same card); “Bugaba, 800–1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ Mycotretus spadiceus Gorh. [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 2 specs (mounted on same card); “Bugaba, 800–1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ spadiceus Gorham [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 4 specs; “Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 1 spec.; “Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ Sp. figured. [printed] \ spadiceus Var. α [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH • 2 specs; “Chontales. Nicaragua, T. Belt. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus. [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [printed]”; BMNH • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Bugaba, 800–1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus. [printed] \ 1746 [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Bugaba, 800–1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus. [printed] \ Mycotretus spadiceus Var. B. [handwritten] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1744 [printed] \ DZUP 132893 [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; DZUP. BELIZE • 1 spec.; “Belize. Blancaneaux. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus spadiceus. [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus spadiceus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Central America, Colombia. 114. Mycotretus stramineus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus stramineus Gorham, 1888: 58. Type locality: “Panama, Bugaba”. Mycotretus stramineus – Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 97 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 20F) PANAMA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Bugaba, 800– 1,500 ft. Champion. [printed] \ Mycotretus stramineus G. [handwritten] \ ment. subpent. pr.not comp. abd. lines short. Epist. ?not punctd [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus stramineus Gorham, 1888 [printed] (left) [red label, handwritten]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined Paralectotypes PANAMA • 1 spec. (mounted on same card as lectotype); same collectionn data as for lectotype \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus stramineus Gorham, 1888 (right) [yellow label, handwritten]”; BMNH • 2 specs: “Bugaba, Panama. Champion. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] bipunctatus [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE Mycotretus stramineus Gorham, 1888 [yellow label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Panama. 115. Mycotretus ternotatus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus ternotatus Gorham, 1888: 51. Type locality: “Mexico, Jalapa”. Mycotretus ternotatus – Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 21A) MEXICO • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Höge. [printed] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ Mycotretus ternotatus [handwritten] \ ? [handwritten] signatellus [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus ternotatus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Distribution Mexico. Remarks Mycotretus ternotatus resembles M. signatellus Crotch (Fig. 11B) in colour and body shape. 116. Mycotretus tibialis Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus tibialis Gorham, 1888: 56. Type locality: “Nicaragua, Chontales” [Department of Chontales, Nicaragua]. Mycotretus tibialis – Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 21B) NICARAGUA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Chontales, Nicaragua, T. Belt. [printed] \ M. tibialis Gorham. [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus tibialis Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 98 Distribution Nicaragua. 117. Mycotretus vittatus Gorham, 1888 Mycotretus vittatus Gorham, 1888: 57. Type locality: “Guatemala, Pantaleon, Zapote”. Mycotretus vittatus – Gorham 1898: 253. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 21C) GUATEMALA • “Type [disc-shaped label, printed] \ Mycotretus vittatus. Gorham [handwritten] \ Type. Sp. figured. [printed] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] \ Zapote, Guatemala, C. Champion. [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus vittatus Gorham, 1888 [red label, printed]”; BMNH. Other specimens examined MEXICO • 1 spec.; “Temax, N. Yucatan. Gaumer. [printed] \ Mycotretus vittatus, Gorh [handwritten] \ B.C.A.,Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed]”; BMNH. EL SALVADOR • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ V. S. Vicente, Finca Lapaz, El Salvador, 3.VIII.1959, J. Bechyné [handwritten] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus vittatus Gorham, 1888 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1756 [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution Mexico, Guatemala. XIII. Guérin, J. Figs 21D–F, 22A 118. Mycotretus anchoralis Guérin, 1956 Mycotretus anchoralis Guérin, 1956: 62. Type locality: “Jujuy, Reyes, Argentina”. Mycotretus anchoralis – Alvarenga 1994: 20. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017: 148. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 21D) ARGENTINA • “Tipo [red label, printed] \ Jujuy, Reyes, Argentina, 4.950 [handwritten] \ Coll. J Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18476 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus anchoralis J. Guer [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 19[printed]54[handwritten]”; MZSP. Other specimens examined Paratype BOLIVIA • 1 spec.; “PARATIPO [pink label, handwritten] \ Yungas de Palmar Bolivia, 1.949 [handwritten] \ Coll. J Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18592 [handwritten] \ BOLIVIA, Yungas de Palmar, 2000 M. – Zischka [printed] \ Mycotretus anchoralis J. Guér [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 19[printed]54[handwritten]”; MZSP. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 99 Fig. 21. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Holotype of Mycotretus ternotatus Gorham, 1888. B–B’. Holotype of M. tibialis Gorham, 1888. C–C’. Lectotype of M. vittatus Gorham, 1888. D–D’. Holotype of M. anchoralis Guérin, 1956. E–E’. Holotype of M. bicinctus Guérin, 1949. F–F’. Holotype of M. monrosi Guérin, 1949. Scale bars: A–C, F = 1 mm; D–E = 0.5 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 100 Distribution Bolivia, Argentina. 119. Mycotretus bicinctus Guérin, 1949 Mycotretus bicinctus Guérin, 1949a: 236. Type locality: “Parque da Cantareira, São Paulo” [state of São Paulo, Brazil]. Mycotretus bicinctus – Alvarenga 1994: 21. — Campaner et al. 2008: 242. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017: 149. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 21E) BRAZIL • “HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Cantareira., S. Paulo. [printed], 1938 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guérin., S. Paulo., Brasil. [printed], 18336 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus bicinctus J. Guer [handwritten], J. Guerin det. [printed] 1949 [handwritten]”; MZSP. Remarks Junior synonym of M. chilensis Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 4F, see above). See Pecci-Maddalena & LopesAndrade (2017). 120. Mycotretus monrosi Guérin, 1949 Mycotretus monrosi Guérin, 1949b: 589. Type locality: “Piletas, Salta” [Department of Salta, Argentina]. Mycotretus monrosi – Alvarenga 1994: 29. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017: 148. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 21F) ARGENTINA • “Piletas–Salta, 26 JUL–3AG. 944, R. Colbach. [handwritten] \ HOLOTIPO [red label, printed] \ Mycotretus monrosi J. Guérin, J. Guerin det. 949 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus monrosi J. Guerin [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 194[printed]9[handwritten] \ COLECCION, INST – FUND. M. LILLO (4000) – S.M. TUCUMAN, TUCUMAN – ARGENTINA [printed] \ TCOL190 [printed]”; MZSP. Other specimens examined Paratype BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “PARATIPO [printed] \ Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18410 [handwritten] \ Piletas, Prov. Salta, Argentina, 8.944 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus monrosi J. Guer [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 194[printed]9[handwritten]”; MZSP. Remarks New junior synonym of M. bicolor Taschenberg, 1870 (Fig. 40A, see below). 121. Mycotretus trifasciatus Guérin, 1956 Mycotretus trifasciatus Guérin, 1956: 63. Type locality: “Nova Teutonia, Estado de Santa Catarina” [state of Santa Catarina, Brazil]. Mycotretus trifasciatus – Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017: 153. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 101 Primary type Holotype (Fig. 22A) BRAZIL • “TIPO [red label, printed] \ N. Teutonia., S. Catarina. [printed], 12.948 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guérin., S. Paulo., Brasil. [printed], 18407 [handwritten] \ 194, Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 27º 11 B, 52º 23’ L, Fritz Plaumann, 3500 m [printed] \ Mycotretus trifasciatus J. Guer [handwritten], J. Guerin det. 19[printed]54 [handwritten]”; MZSP. Other specimens examined See Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade (2017). Distribution South and Southeast Brazil, with one doubtful record in Obidos (in the state of Pará, North Brazil) (Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017). XIV. Guérin-Méneville, F.E. Fig. 22B–E Mycotretus cinctellus (Guérin-Méneville, 1841) Erotylus cinctellus Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 153–154 (Fig. 22B). Type locality: “Bolivie”. Mycotretus cinctellus – Lacordaire 1842: 178. — Crotch 1876: 447. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 48. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 212. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278; Mycomystes cinctellus – Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3080. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 22B) BOLIVIA • “Mycotretus cinctellus [handwritten] \ Coll. Thoms. [printed] \ Brésil [printed] \ Type [white label, printed]”; Collection Maurice Sedillot; MNHN. Remarks Synonym of Mycomystes melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 13D, see Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). 122. Mycotretus fallax Guérin-Méneville, 1841 Erotylus fallax Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 155. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus fallax – Lacordaire 1842: 153. — Crotch 1876: 453. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 19. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 22C) BRAZIL • “Mycotretus fallax. guer. Rev. Type, zool. Brésil. [handwritten] \ Type [printed] \ Lectotipo [red label, printed]”; MNHN. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 102 Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ BARUERI, S. Paulo BRASIL [printed] 7.II.1960 [handwritten] K. Lenko leg. [printed] \ DZUP 235139 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “BRASIL: MG, Viçosa; “Mata do Paraíso, trilha do pesquisador”, 11.X.2016; I Souza-Gonçalves, P Borlini, C Lopes-Andrade leg [printed] \ ex Pleurotus ostreatus [printed]”; CELC • 1 ♀ (dissected); “BRASIL: MG, Ingaí: “Boqueirão próx. Poço Bonito” xi. 2002 leg. R.J.Silva [printed]”; CELC. Distribution Southeast and South Brazil. Remarks The names “amoenus Dej.” and “fallax Chevrolat” appears in the Dejean Catalogue (1836) within the same pair of brackets. Both names were published before 1931 and lack a description or an indication of the taxon they denote. Therefore, they fail to conform to Article 12 of the CODE (ICZN 1999) and here are considered nomina nuda. The “Lectotipo” label is that used by Alvarenga, and was likely placed on the specimen when he studied it. We accept and validate that designation. 123. Mycotretus sedecimguttatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) Ischyrus sedecimguttatus Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 310. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus sedecimguttatus – Crotch 1876: 440. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Type specimen Not found. Other specimens examined COLOMBIA • 1 spec. (Fig. 22D); “TYPE. [printed, crossed out], 16-guttatus, ex descr. [handwritten] \ L [printed] \ N gran [handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Unknown locality in Colombia. Remarks The unique individual examined by us has a label “ex descr”, which means “ex description”, and it was probably identified by Crotch based on the original description by Guérin-Méneville. Labels with the word “Type.” crossed out by Crotch indicate the specimen is probably not the type (Skelley 1998b). 124. Mycotretus sobrinus (Guérin-Méneville, 1841) Erotylus sobrinus Guérin-Méneville, 1841: 154. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus silaceus Lacordaire, 1842: 187 (Fig. 37A). Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus sobrinus – Lacordaire 1842: 186. — Crotch 1876: 456. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Gorham 1888: 60. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Deelder 1942: 90. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycotretus silaceus – Gorham 1888: 60 [junior synonym]. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. — Skelley 1998b: 17. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 103 Fig. 22. A–C, D–F. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Holotype of Mycotretus trifasciatus Guérin, 1956. B–B’. Lectotype of Erotylus cinctellus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 [= M. cinctellus; synonym of Mycomystes melanophthalmus (Duponchel, 1825)]. C–C’. Lectotype of M. fallax Guérin-Méneville, 1841. D–D’. Specimen of M. sedecimguttatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) from the UMZC collection. E–E’. Lectotype of Erotylus (Brachymerus) sobrinus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 [currently M. sobrinus (Guérin-Meneville)]. F–F’. Lectotype of M. dichrous Kirsch, 1876. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–F = 1 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 104 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 22E) BRAZIL • “TYPE [printed, blue label] \ TYPE. [printed] sobrinus Guér [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Erotylus (Brachymerus) sobrinus Guérin-Meneville, 1841 [red label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus sobrinus (Guérin-Méneville) [handwritten] det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [printed]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined Paralectotype BRAZIL • 1 spec.; “TYPE [printed, blue label] \ TYPE. [printed] simplex Guéri. [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed] ? Erotylus (Brachymerus) sobrinus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 [yellow label, handwritten] \ Mycotretus sobrinus (Guérin-Méneville) [handwritten] det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [printed]”; UMZC. Additional material BRAZIL • 2 specs; “K [printed]”; UMZC • 1 spec.; “S Paul [handwritten]”; UMZC • 1 spec; “Chevr. [printed]”; UMZC • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Mycotretus sobrinus Guèrin, 1841 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1971 [handwritten] \ CORCOVADO, Guanabara BRASIL [printed] X. 1966 [handwritten] Alvarenga & Seabra [printed] \ 1678 [printed]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀; “Brasil: MG, Piau, 13.xii.2014, Pecci-Maddalena, I.S.C. leg. [printed]”; CELC. Distribution The type is from an unknown locality in Brazil, but the other specimens are from Southeast Brazil. Remarks As pointed out by Skelley (1998b) the name Mycotretus simplex is probably a nomen nudum. However, based on its label “TYPE” we considered that specimen a paralectotype of M. sobrinus and we included a question mark (?) indicating doubt. XV. Harold, E. Fig. 6B 125. Mycotretus seminiger Harold, 1876 Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876: 444 [nec Taschenberg, 1870]. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus seminiger Harold, 1876: 174. Type locality: “Ega” [= Tefé, in the state of Amazonas, North Brazil]. Mycotretus dimidiatus – Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Mycotretus seminiger – Alvarenga 1994: 35. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 6B) BRAZIL • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. Dimidiatus Ega Bates, handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed], Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ FORTE PRINCIPE, Rondônia, Brasil [printed] XI. 1962 [handwritten] W. Bokermann [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed], PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 105 Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876 [handwritten], M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ Mycotretus seminiger Harold, 1876 [handwritten], M. Alvarenga det. [printed], 1984 [handwritten] \ 20-38-A [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Remarks Harold (1876) proposed the new specific name Mycotretus seminiger Harold, 1876 to replace Mycotretus dimidiatus Crotch, 1876. Taschenberg (1870) described a species called M. dimidiatus, so therefore the name proposed by Crotch (1876) is a junior homonym. The present combination is a replacement name, Mycotretus seminiger Harold, 1876, not Mycotretus dimidiatus Taschenberg, 1870, fide Alvarenga (1994) and Skelley (1998b). XVI. Kirsch, T.F.W. Figs 22F, 23A–D Mycotretus bicolor Kirsch, 1876 Mycotretus bicolor Kirsch, 1876: 101 [nec Taschenberg, 1870]. Type locality: “Peru” [based on type label = “Pozuzu” (= locality of Pozuzo), in the department of Pasco, Peru]. Mycotretus bicolor – Fleutiaux 1886: 223. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 48. — Alvarenga 1994: 21. Remarks Mycotretus bicolor Kirsch, 1876 is a junior homonym of M. bicolor Taschenberg, 1870. Kuhnt (1911: 48) proposed M. bicoloratus as a replacement name (see below). 126. Mycotretus dichrous Kirsch, 1876 Mycotretus dichrous Kirsch, 1876: 100. Type locality: “Peru” [based on type label = “Pozuzu” (= locality of Pozuzo), in the department of Pasco, Peru]. Mycotretus dichrous – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 49. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 212. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 23. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 22F) PERU • “Pozuzu M. Kirsch [printed] \ Typus [printed] \ Mycotretus dichrous Kirsch Typus ! [handwritten] \ HOLOTYPUS [red label, printed] \ Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde Dresden [printed]”; SNSD. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ SINOP 12º31’S, 55º37’W, BR 163 km 500 a 600 Mato Grosso, BRASIL 350 m [printed] X. 1975 [handwritten] Roppa & Alvarenga col. [printed] \ Mycotretus dichrous Kirsch, 1876 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten] \ PMMD [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution Peru, Central-West and North Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 112 136. Mycotretus graphoderus strigipennis Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus graphoderus strigipennis Kuhnt, 1910: 244 [as a variety]. Type locality: not mentioned [based on type label = “Brasilien”]. Mycotretus graphoderus strigipennis – Kuhnt 1911: 50. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Mader 1951: 221. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 24E) BRAZIL • “21308 [printed] \ var. peitore pedibusque nigris. Brasil Sello [handwritten] \ Brasilien [printed] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus graphoderus var. strigipennis Kuhnt [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus graphoderus strigipennis Kuhnt, 1910 det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]; MFN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). 137. Mycotretus graphoderus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus graphoderus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910: 244 [as a variety]. Type locality: not mentioned [based on type label = “Brasilien”]. Mycotretus graphoderus thoracicus – Kuhnt 1911: 50. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Guérin 1948: 19. — Mader 1951: 221. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 24F) BRAZIL • “90399 [printed] \ Brasilien [printed] \ Type [red label, printed] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus graphoderus var. thoracicus Kuhnt [handwritten] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus graphoderus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910 det. I. Pecci-Maddalena [red label, printed]; MFN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). 138. Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt, 1910: 239. Type locality: “Panama, Isthmus Mataschin”. Mycotretus interstitialis – Kuhnt 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 25A) PANAMA • “Panamá, Isthmus Mataschin, O. Thieme S. [printed] \ Coll. Thieme [printed] \ * Matachin [handwritten] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt. [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt, 1910 det. I. PecciMaddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. interstictus Gorham, 1888 (Fig. 18A, see above). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 113 Fig. 25. Kuhnt primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus interstitialis Kuhnt, 1910. B–B’. Holotype of Brachysphaenus (Iphiclus) nigromaculatus Kuhnt, 1909 [currently M. nigromaculatus (Kuhnt)]. C–C’. Holotype of M. quadristriolatus Kuhnt, 1910. D–D’. Lectotype of M. sexlineatus Kuhnt, 1910. E–E’. Holotype of M. stillatus Kuhnt, 1910. F–F’. Holotype of M. thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910. Scale bars: B, E–F = 1 mm; A, C–D = see Material and methods. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 114 139. Mycotretus nigromaculatus (Kuhnt, 1909) Brachysphaenus (Iphiclus) nigromaculatus Kuhnt, 1909: 27. Type locality: “Mexico”. Brachysphaenus (Iphiclus) nigromaculatus – Kuhnt 1911: 17. — Blackwelder 1945: 459. Mycotretus nigromaculatus – Delkeskamp 1939: 27. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 25B) MEXICO • “21583 [printed] \ Mexico. (…) ? [handwritten] \ Iphiclus nigromaculatus Kuhnt [handwritten] \ 1. [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ HOLOTYPE Brachysphaenus (Iphiclus) nigromaculatus Kuhnt, 1909 labelled by I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. rhodosomus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 35F, see below). 140. Mycotretus duodecimguttatus consociatus (Kuhnt, 1910) comb. nov. Mycotretus ocellatus consociatus Kuhnt, 1910: 238 [as a variety]. Type locality: “Bogota”, [Bogotá, Colombia]. Mycotretus ocellatus consociatus – Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 215. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 24. Type specimen Not located. Remarks Kuhnt (1910) described a “variety” of M. ocellatus Germar, 1824, naming it “consociatus”. Since the name “ocellatus Germar” is invalid (see Remarks of M. duodecimguttatus above) and the name “duodecimguttatus Duponchel” is a valid synonym (replacement name), “consociatus” must be considered subspecific according to the Code (see Remarks for M. duodecimguttatus above). Therefore, here we propose the following new combination: “Mycotretus duodecimguttatus consociatus (Kuhnt, 1910)”. Mycotretus parallelus (Kuhnt, 1909) Brachysphaenus (Barytopus) parallelus Kuhnt, 1909: 30 [nec Crotch, 1876]. Type locality: “Peru”. Brachysphaenus (Barytopus) parallelus – Kuhnt 1911: 18. — Mader 1938: 17; 1942: 171. — Blackwelder 1945: 459. Mycotretus parallelus — Delkeskamp 1939: 27. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. Remarks Delkeskamp (1939: 27) transferred Brachysphaenus parallelus Kuhnt to Mycotretus creating a secondary homonymy, and he therefore proposed M. fidelis as a replacement name (see above). 141. Mycotretus quadristriolatus Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus quadristriolatus Kuhnt, 1910: 242. Type locality. “Chanchamayo, Peru”. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 115 Mycotretus quadristriolatus – Kuhnt 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 174; 1951: 217. — B1ackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 25C) PERU • “Chanchamayo, Ober–Peru [printed] \ Coll. Thieme [printed] \ Chanchamayo [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus quadristriolatus Kuhnt. [handwritten] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus quadristriolatus Kuhnt, 1910 labelled by I. PecciMaddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. dorsonotatus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 28D, see below). 142. Mycotretus sexlineatus Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus sexlineatus Kuhnt, 1910: 241. Type locality: “Brasilien”. Mycotretus sexlineatus – Kuhnt 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 35. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 25D) BRAZIL • “21348 [printed] \ Brasilien [printed] \ 6 lineatus Nub. [?], Brasil. Sells. [?] [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus 6-lineatus Kuhnt. [handwritten] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus sexlineatus Kuhnt, 1910, det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. deyrollei Crotch, 1876 (Fig. 6A, see above). 143. Mycotretus stillatus Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus stillatus Kuhnt, 1910: 239. Type locality: “Caracas”[Venezuela]. Mycotretus stillatus – Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 25E) VENEZUELA • “57784 [printed] \ Carácas [printed] \ Caracas, Rothe. [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ Mycotretus stillatus Kuhnt. [handwritten] det. P. Kuhnt [printed] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus stillatus Kuhnt, 1910 labelled by I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Distribution Venezuela. Remarks Two specimens dissected by us, from the states of Rondônia and Paraíba (Brazil), are phenotypically similar to the holotype of M. stillatus, differing from the latter only by slight variations of colour pattern European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 116 Fig. 26. A–B, D–F. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus virgatus Kuhnt, 1910 [= Iphiclus virgatus (Kuhnt), comb. nov.]. B–B’. Holotype of M. ziczac ziczac Kuhnt, 1910. C–C’. Specimen of M. aestuans Lacordaire, 1842 from the Alvarenga collection (MNRJ, Brazil). D–D’. Lectotype of M. ambulator Lacordaire, 1842. E–E’. Lectotype of M. apicalis Lacordaire, 1842 [current combination Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire)]. F–F’. Lectotype of M. argus Lacordaire, 1842. Scale bars: A = see Material and methods; B–F = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 117 on pronotum and elytra. However, as we have no more specimens for comparison, we did not consider those specimens as conspecific with M. stillatus. 144. Mycotretus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910: 242. Type locality: “Chanchamayo, Peru”. Mycotretus thoracicus – Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 222. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 25F) PERU • “Chanchamayo, Ober–Peru [printed] \ Chanchamayo [handwritten] \ Coll. Thieme [printed] \ Type [red label, printed] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus thoracicus Kuhnt. [handwritten] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus thoracicus Kuhnt, 1910 det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Distribution Peru. Iphiclus virgatus (Kuhnt, 1910) comb. nov. Mycotretus virgatus Kuhnt, 1910: 243. Type locality: “Brasilien”. Mycotretus virgatus – Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 26A) BRAZIL • “21324 [printed] \ Brasilien [printed] \ Brasil. Sello. [handwritten] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus virgatus Kuhnt. [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ Kuhnt det. [printed] \ LECTOTYPE Mycotretus virgatus Kuhnt, 1910 det. I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Pedra Azul, M. Gerais Brasil, XII–1970, F.M. Oliveira [printed] \ Mycotretus virgatus Kuhnt, 1910 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten] \ Iphiclus ? [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Jacaré P. N. XINGU, M. Grosso Brasil, XI–1961, Alvarenga e Werner [printed] \ Comparado c/ tipo Mycotretus virgatus Kuhnt, 1910 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1757 [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution Southeast and South Brazil. Remarks The smooth body without depressions on the upper surface, triangular structure of the mentum, terminal maxillary palpomere triangularly dilated, penis with a posterior and narrowed lobe and metendosternite without laminae and with a narrowed stalk clearly remove “virgatus” from Mycotretus and place it in Iphiclus Chevrolat, 1837 (Erotylini). Iphiclus is grossly paraphyletic (Robertson et al. 2004) and currently includes ten recognized subgenera (Alvarenga 1994). Further studies are needed to evaluate which of European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 118 these subgenera have phylogenetic support. Aside from that, they are barely supported taxonomically and we prefer not to include Iphiclus virgatus (Kuhnt, 1910) in any of them until revisionary studies are carried out. 145. Mycotretus ziczac ziczac Kuhnt, 1910 Mycotretus ziczac ziczac Kuhnt, 1910: 241–242. Type locality: “Columbien, Muzo” [western Boyacá Province, in the department of Boyacá, Colombia]. Mycotretus ziczac ziczac – Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 38. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 26B) COLOMBIA • “Colambien, Muzo, Terra cal. O. Thieme S [printed] \ * Muzo. [handwritten] \ Coll. Thieme [printed] \ det. P. Kuhnt [printed] Mycotretus ziczac Kuhnt. [handwritten] \ Type [red label, printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus ziczac ziczac Kuhnt, 1910 labelled by I. Pecci-Maddalena 2017 [red label, printed]”; MFN. Distribution Colombia. XVIII. Lacordaire, J.T. Figs 26C–F, 27–37 146. Mycotretus aestuans Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus aestuans Lacordaire, 1842: 170. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus aestuans – Crotch 1876: 441. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3691. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 20. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Type specimen Not located. Distribution Brazil. Remarks The specimen shown in Fig. 26C was identified by Moacyr Alvarenga and fits well the original description of Lacordaire (1842). Probably, M. aestuans may be a synonym of M. hilaris (Fig. 31B, see below). However, we have not examined the type of M. aestuans and it seems be a poorly represented species in collections (few specimens for comparison), we prefer not to synonymize them here. 147. Mycotretus ambulator Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus ambulator Lacordaire, 1842: 175. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus ambulator – Crotch 1876: 457. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3691. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 20. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 119 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 26D) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus ambulator Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Distribution French Guiana. Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842) Mycotretus apicalis Lacordaire, 1842: 181 [description]. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus gemmula Lacordaire, 1842: 181 [description] (Fig. 30B). Mycotretus gentilis Lacordaire, 1842: 182 [description] (Fig. 30C). Mycotretus nigroterminatus Lacordaire, 1842: 180 [description] (Fig. 33F). Mycotretus pulicarius Lacordaire, 1842: 182 [description] (Fig. 35A). Mycotretus coccinelloides Taschenberg, 1870: 198 [description] (Fig. 40B). Mycotretus corallipennis Crotch, 1876: 448 [description] (Fig. 5C). Mycotretus apicalis – Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3691. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 48. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 214. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 20. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Moreira et al. 2010a: 573; 2010b: 342. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2017: 162; 2020: 585. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycotretus gemmula – Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 214. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Mycotretus gentilis – Crotch 1876: 448 [synonym with M. gemmula]. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — PecciMaddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Mycotretus nigroterminatus – Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Mycotretus pulicarius – Crotch 1876: 448 [synonym with M. gemmula]. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Mader 1942: 173. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Mycotretus coccinelloides – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Mycotretus corallipennis – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Mycomystes apicalis – Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 26E) COLOMBIA • “Colombie [handwritten] \ Apicalis Lac [handwritten] \ Type [handwritten] \ ExMusaeo Mniszech [printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus apicalis Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 120 Other specimens examined See Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b). Distribution Southeast Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Argentina (Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). Remarks See Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b). 148. Mycotretus arcuatus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus arcuatus Lacordaire, 1842: 158. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus arcuatus – Crotch 1876: 437. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 20. Type specimen Not located. Distribution French Guiana. 149. Mycotretus argus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus argus Lacordaire, 1842: 161. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus argus – Crotch 1876: 439. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 465. — Alvarenga 1994: 21. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 26F) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire. [printed]”; MRSN. Other specimen examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Vilhena [printed] 20 [handwritten]-2-1961 [printed] \ Brasil, R O, J. & B. Bechyné [printed] \ MG [printed] \ argus [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Jacareacanga, Pará, Brasil [printed] V. 1969 [handwritten] F.R. Barbosa [printed] \ DZUP 136039 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution French Guiana, North Brazil. 150. Mycotretus bistrigatus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus bistrigatus Lacordaire, 1842: 188. Type locality: “Mexique”. Mycotretus bistrigatus – Crotch 1876: 456. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Gorham 1888: 52; 1898: 253. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911:48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 21. — Skelley 1998b: 17. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 121 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 27A) MEXICO • “Mexique [handwritten] \ Bistrigatus Lac. [handwritten] \ Type [printed] \ Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus bistrigatus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Other specimens examined MEXICO • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Omilteme, Guerrero, 8000 ft. Aug. H.H. Smith. [printed] \ B.C.A., Col.,VII. Mycotretus [printed] bistrigatus [handwritten] \ 1718 [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution Mexico. 151. Mycotretus clitelliger Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus clitelliger Lacordaire, 1842: 149. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus clitelliger – Crotch 1876: 452. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909:74; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Mader 1951: 217. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 27B) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [printed] \ Clitelliger Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus clitelliger Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Distribution Unknown locality in Colombia. Mycomystes coccineus (Lacordaire, 1842) Lybas coccineus Lacordaire, 1842: 239 [description]. Type locality: “Rio-Janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil]. Mycotretus unicolor Fauvel, 1860: 326 [description] (Fig. 14D). Mycotretus sanguinosus Crotch, 1876: 458 [description] (Fig. 10E). Mycotretus coccineus – Crotch 1876: 458. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 48. — Curran 1941: 286. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. — Skelley 1998b: 18. — Pecci-Maddalena & Lopes-Andrade 2020: 585. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycotretus unicolor – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 37. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3080 [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus]. Mycotretus unicolor – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Kuhnt 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 468. — Alvarenga 1994: 37 — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3080 [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus]. Mycotretus sanguinosus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3695. — Gorham 1888: 68. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 53. — Curran 1941: 286 [doubtful synonym of L. coccineus]. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 18. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3080 [synonym of Mycomystes coccineus]. Mycomystes coccineus – Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 128 Distribution French Guiana, North Brazil. 161. Mycotretus dytiscoides Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus dytiscoides Lacordaire, 1842: 184. Type locality: “Mexique”. Mycotretus dytiscoides – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Gorham 1888: 65. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 29A) MEXICO • “TYPE [blue label, printed] \ TYPE. [printed] dytiscoides Ch [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus dytiscoides Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Distribution Unknown locality in Mexico. 162. Mycotretus episcopalis Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus episcopalis Lacordaire, 1842: 152. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus episcopalis – Crotch 1876: 453. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Type specimen Not located. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected; Fig. 29B) “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ FLORESTA da TIJUCA, Guanabara Brasil [printed], I. 1967 [handwritten], C.A. Campos Seabra [printed] \ Mycotretus episcopalis Lac, 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1989 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Brasil M. Gerais, Aguas Vermelhas, XII. 1983, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ M [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution French Guiana, North Brazil. 163. Mycotretus fasciolatus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus fasciolatus Lacordaire, 1842: 150. Type locality: “Mexique”. Mycotretus fasciolatus – Crotch 1876: 452. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Gorham 1888: 49. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Type specimen Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 29C) MEXICO • “Mex [handwritten] \ TYPE. [printed] fasciolatus R [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [red label, printed] Mycotretus fasciolatus Lacordaire, 1842 [handwritten]”; UMZC. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 129 Other specimens examined EL SALVADOR • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Hdo. [?] S. Diego, La Libertad El Salvador, 22.X.1959, J. Bechyné [handwritten] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus fasciolatus Lac., 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ 1733 [printed] \ DZUP 132906 [printed]”; DZUP. PANAMA • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Bugaba, 800– 1,500 ft, Champion [printed] \ Comparado c/ tipo Mycotretus fasciolatus Lac. 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ B.C.A., Col., VII. Mycotretus fasciolatus. [printed]”; MNRJ. Distribution Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, El Salvador. 164. Mycotretus figuratus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus figuratus Lacordaire, 1842: 159. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus figuratus – Chevrolat 1843: 79. — Alvarenga 1994: 29. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 29D) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten]”; MRSN. Remarks Junior synonym of M. maculatus Olivier, 1792 (Fig. 39E, see below). 165. Mycotretus flavomarginatus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus flavomarginatus Lacordaire, 1842: 157. Type locality: “province de Rio-Janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil]. Mycotretus major Mader, 1955: 477. Type locality: “Paraguay: Villarica” syn. nov. (Fig. 38D). Mycotretus flavomarginatus – Crotch 1876: 444. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycotretus major – Alvarenga 1994: 29. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 29E) BRAZIL • “LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus flavomarginatus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined Paralectotype BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Brésil [handwritten] \ Flavomarginatus Lac [handwritten] \ Type [handwritten] \ Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus flavomarginatus Lacordaire, 1842 [yellow label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Additional material BRAZIL • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Brasil: MG, Ipatinga, “Ponte 13”, 05.i.2010, leg. Nolasco & C.L.A [printed]”; CELC • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CAMPINAS-SP, 18/X/1979, C.A. Klink European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 130 Fig. 29. Lacordaire specimens cont. A, C–F. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus dytiscoides Lacordaire, 1842. B–B’. Specimen of M. episcopalis Lacordaire, 1842 from the Alvarenga collection (MNRJ, Brazil). C–C’. Lectotype of M. fasciolatus Lacordaire, 1842. D–D’. Lectotype of M. figuratus Lacordaire, 1842. E–E’. Lectotype of M. flavomarginatus Lacordaire, 1842. F–F’. Holotype of M. floriger Lacordaire, 1842. Scale bars: A, C–F = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 131 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus flavomarginatus Lac. 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Colatina, E. Santo Brasil [printed] XI. 1970 [handwritten] A. Silva [printed] \ 1899 [printed] \ Mycotretus 183 [handwritten] \ n. sp. [handwritten] \ Tibia posterior fortemente curvada. ♂? [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution Paraguay, Southeast Brazil. Remarks We dissected specimens of M. flavomarginatus and M. major and their male genitalia morphology is exactly the same. The holotype of M. major is probably just a barely pigmented individual of M. flavomarginatus. 166. Mycotretus floriger Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus floriger Lacordaire, 1842: 185. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus floriger – Crotch 1876: 456. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 29F) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten] \ Holotype Mycotretus floriger Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined FRENCH GUIANA • 1 spec.; “Cayen [handwritten] \ TYPE. [printed, crossed out] \ floriger C. Reiche [handwritten]”; UMZC • 1 spec.; “Cayen [handwritten]”; UMZC • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ SINOP 12º 31’S, 55º37’W, BR 163 Km 500 a 600, Mato Grosso, BRASIL, 350 m X. 1974, Alvarenga & Roppa col. [printed] \ DZUP 126040 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution French Guiana, Central-West and North Brazil. Mycomystes fuscitarsis (Lacordaire, 1842) Mycotretus fuscitarsis Lacordaire, 1842: 180 [description]. Mycotretus fuscitarsis – Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 68. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 49. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 25. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Murgas 2006: 8. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021a: 955. Mycomystes fuscitarsis – Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3080. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 30A) MEXICO • “Orizaba [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus fuscitarsis Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 132 Other specimens examined See Pecci-Maddalena et al. (2021b). Distribution Mexico. Mycotretus gemmula Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus gemmula Lacordaire, 1842: 181 [description] (Fig. 30B). Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus gemmula – Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Mader 1942: 173; 1951: 214. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 30B) COLOMBIA • “Colombie [handwritten] \ Gemmula Lac [handwritten] \ Type [handwritten] \ Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ HOLOTYPE Mycotretus gemmula Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Remarks Junior synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842) (Fig. 26E, see Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). Mycotretus gentilis Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus gentilis Lacordaire, 1842: 182 [description] (Fig. 30C). Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus gentilis – Crotch 1876: 448 [synonym with M. gemmula]. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — PecciMaddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 30C) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Gentilis Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus gentilis Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Remarks Junior synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842) (Fig. 26E, Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). 167. Mycotretus godarti Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus godarti Lacordaire, 1842: 146 (Fig. 30D). Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus godarti – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Gorham 1888: 47 [junior synonym of M. ornatus]. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1911: 52. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 218, 221. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. — Skelley 1998b: 17. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 133 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 30D) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Godartii Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus godartii Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Remarks Junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). 168. Mycotretus graniformis Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus graniformis Lacordaire, 1842: 152. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus graniformis – Crotch 1876: 453. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. Primary type Not located. Other specimens examined UNKNOWN COUNTRY • 1 spec. (Fig. 30E); unlabeled; MRSN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. lepidus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 31F, see below). 169. Mycotretus graphoderus graphoderus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus graphoderus Lacordaire, 1842: 144. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus graphoderus – Crotch 1876: 450. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Mader 1951: 220. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 30F) BRAZIL • “TYPE. [printed] graphoderus Ch [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus graphoderus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). 170. Mycotretus hepaticus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus hepaticus Lacordaire, 1842: 190. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus hepaticus – Crotch 1876: 457. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 134 Fig. 30. Lacordaire primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus fuscitarsis Lacordaire, 1842 [current combination Mycomystes fuscitarsis (Lacordaire)]. B–B’. Holotype of M. gemmula Lacordaire, 1842 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire)]. C–C’. Lectotype of M. gentilis Lacordaire, 1842 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842)]. D–D’. Lectotype of M. godarti Lacordaire, 1842. E–E’. Specimen of M. graniformis Lacordaire, 1842 from MRSN. F–F’. Lectotype of M. graphoderus Lacordaire, 1842. Scale bars = 1 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 135 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 31A) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [printed] \ Hepaticus Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus hepaticus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Distribution Unknown locality in Colombia. Remarks The present species was not dissected and must be examined again to confirm whether it belongs to Mycotretus or to another genus in Erotylidae (e.g., Cyclomorphus Hope, 1841). Presently, we have no specimens for dissection and, therefore, we prefer to keep it in Mycotretus. 171. Mycotretus hilaris Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus hilaris Lacordaire, 1842: 171. Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus hilaris – Crotch 1876: 441. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 31B) BRAZIL • “TYPE. [printed] hilaris Ch [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ Holotype Mycotretus hilaris Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18681 [handwritten] \ Itatiaya. Rio. [printed] 11.936 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus hilaris Lac. [handwritten] J. Guerin det. 19 [printed]54[handwritten]”; MZSP. Distribution Southeast Brazil. 172. Mycotretus humilis Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus humilis Lacordaire, 1842: 189. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus humilis – Crotch 1876: 457. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 73; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Type specimen Not located. Distribution French Guiana. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 136 173. Mycotretus intermedius Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus intermedius Lacordaire, 1842: 135. Type locality: “Rio-Janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil]. Mycotretus intermedius – Crotch 1876: 449. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 27. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 31C) BRAZIL • “Lacordaire [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus intermedius Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). 174. Mycotretus jocosus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus jocosus Lacordaire, 1842: 173. Type locality: “Brésil?”. Mycotretus jocosus – Crotch 1876: 443. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 75: 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 31D) BRAZIL • “2247. 22. [?] [handwritten] \ Mycotretus jocosus. [handwritten] \ Lectotipo [red label, printed]”; MNHN. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CORCOVADO, Guanabara BRASIL [printed] IX. 1969 [handwritten] Alvarenga & Seabra [printed] \ 1944 [printed] \ Mycotretus 013 [handwritten] \ DZUP 136236 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [printed] \ Comparado com tipo [printed] Mycotretus jocosus Lac. 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. 1971 [printed] \ REPRESA RIO GRANDE, Guanabara Brasil [printed] X.1965 [handwritten] F.M.Oliveira [printed] \ DZUP 136233 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution Southeast Brazil. Remarks As well as in the case of M. coronatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 13A), the printed label “Lectotipo” of the M. jocosus lectotype is the style used by Moacyr Alvarenga. He likely placed it on the specimen when he studied it. We accept and validate that designation. 175. Mycotretus lacertosus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus lacertosus Lacordaire, 1842: 176. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus lacertosus – Crotch 1876: 446. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 137 Type specimen Not located. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 spec. (dissected; Fig. 31E); “OIAPOQUE, Amapá, Brasil V–1959, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ 1942 [printed] \ Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Mycotretus lacertosus Lac, 1842 [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ SINOP, M. Grosso, Brasil, X. 1974, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Lat 12º 31’ S, Lon 55º 37’ W [printed] \ DZUP 126123 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution French Guiana, North and Central-West Brazil. 176. Mycotretus lepidus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus lepidus Lacordaire, 1842: 178. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus graniformis Lacordaire, 1842: 152. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana] syn. nov. (Fig. 30E). Mycotretus chontalesi Crotch, 1873b: 145. Type locality: “Santo Domingo, Chontales, Nicaragua” [Department of Chontales, Nicaragua] syn. nov. (Fig. 5A). Mycotretus lepidus – Crotch 1876: 446. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Deelder 1942: 88. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 28. Mycotretus graniformis – Crotch 1876: 453. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 50. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. Mycotretus chontalesi – Crotch: 1876: 446. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3692. — Gorham 1888: 70. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 48. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 22. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 31F) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus lepidus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ 1790 [printed] \ Jacareacanga, Pará, Brasil, XII-1968, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Homeotipo [red label, printed] \ suturalis [handwritten] \ não confere com a descrição [handwritten]”; MNRJ • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Chaparé, Bolivia, 10948 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 18173 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus derasofasciatus Kuhnt. [handwritten] J Guerin det. 19 [printed] 50 [handwritten]”; MZSP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ MANAUS, Amazonas Brasil [printed] XI. 1966, S.J. Oliveira [handwritten] \ 1784 [printed] \ DZUP 127837 [printed] \ malaise [handwritten] \ Mycotretus 023 [handwritten]”; DZUP • 1 ♀ (dissected); “PERU: Loreto Pr.:nr. Jct. Rio Maranon & Ucayali, 73.5ºW 4.8ºS, 6–20–VIII–1994, P. Skelley, day catch [printed] \ Mycotretus Lepidus Lac. [handwritten] det. P.E. Skelley 1996 [printed] \ Col. MCN 238413 [printed]”; MCNZ. Distribution Nicaragua, North Brazil, Bolivia, French Guiana, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru. Remarks The dorsal colour patterns of Mycotretus lepidus, M. chontalesi, M. graniformis are almost identical. Those species differ only by the spots close to the basal elytral edge, which can be completely ‘divided’ European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 144 Other specimens examined FRENCH GUIANA • 1 spec. (Fig. 33D); “Maués. Amazonas. [printed] 4.940 [handwritten] \ Coll. J. Guerin. S. Paulo. Brasil. [printed] 6220 [handwritten] \ Mycotretus nigrivittis Lac. [handwritten] J. Guerin. det. 194[printed]9[handwritten]”; MZSP. Distribution French Guiana, (North Brazil?). Remarks The specimen examined by us was tentatively identified as M. nigrivittis. Therefore, the northern Brazilian record is doubtful. 187. Mycotretus nigrocinctus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus nigrocinctus Lacordaire, 1842: 151. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus nigrocinctus – Crotch 1876: 451 [synonym of M. tigratus]. — Crotch 1876: 451. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 54. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Mader 1951: 217. — Alvarenga 1994: 36. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 33E) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Nigrocinctus Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus nigrocinctus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Remarks Junior synonym of M. tigratus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 37D, see below). Mader (1951) considered “nigrocintus Lacordaire” an “aberration” of M. tigratus and this interpretation was followed by Alvarenga (1994). However, in this case the assignment of “aberration” is incorrect (see Remarks on M. tigratus below). Mycotretus nigroterminatus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus nigroterminatus Lacordaire, 1842: 180. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus nigroterminatus – Crotch 1876: 448. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 30. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonymy with Mycomystes apicalis]. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 33F) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Nigroterminatus Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus nigroterminatus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Remarks Synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842) (Fig. 26E, see Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 145 188. Mycotretus nugator Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus nugator Lacordaire, 1842: 174. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana] (Fig. 33G). Mycotretus nugator – Crotch 1876: 445. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 51. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. Type specimen Not located. Remarks New junior synonym of M. dorsofasciatus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 28C, see above). 189. Mycotretus palmiphilus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus palmiphilus Lacordaire, 1842: 165. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus palmiphilus – Crotch 1876: 439. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994. — 32; Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 34A) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus palmiphilus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined FRENCH GUIANA • 1 spec.; “Cayenne [handwritten] \ Palmiphilus Lac. [handwritten] \ Type [handwritten] \ Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed]”; MNHN • 1 spec.; “Cayen [handwritten] \ TYPE. [printed, crossed out] palmiphilus coll Reiche [handwritten] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus palmiphilus Lacordaire, 1842 [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMCZ. Distribution French Guiana, North Brazil. Remarks We examined a specimen of M. palmiphilus deposited in the MNHN and mistakenly labeled it as “lectotype”. Subsequently we decided that it would be better to designate the specimen from the MRSN (Fig. 34A) as the lectotype, since Lacordaire (1842) did not mention the Dupont collection in his description (see Material and Methods, comments about type depositories). In such cases, the specimens used by Lacordaire presumably belong to the Brême collection (MRSN). Mycotretus palmiphilus resembles M. argus Lacordaire, 1842 (Fig. 26F), but we did not have a sufficient number of specimens of either species for comparison, and we prefer not to propose a new synonym here. 190. Mycotretus partitus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus partitus Lacordaire, 1842: 176. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus partitus – Crotch 1876: 446. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 75; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 32. — Skelley 1998b: 16. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 146 Fig. 33. Lacordaire specimens cont. A–B, E–F. Primary types (dorsal, labels). A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus melanostictus Lacordaire, 1842. B–B’. Lectotype of M. miniatus Lacordaire, 1842. C–C’. Specimen of M. misellus Lacordaire, 1842 from the Crotch collection (UMZC, UK). D–D’. Specimen of M. nigrivittis Lacordaire, 1842 from MZSP (Brazil). E–E’. Lectotype of M. nigrocinctus Lacordaire, 1842. F–F’. Lectotype of M. nigroterminatus Lacordaire, 1842 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842)]. G–G’. Specimen of M. nugator Lacordaire, 1842 from the Alvarenga collection (MNRJ, Brazil). Scale bars: A–F = 1 mm; G = 0.5 mm. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 147 Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 34B) COLOMBIA • “Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B., Colombie, Coll. Chapuis [printed] \ Mycotretus partitus Colombie Lac [handwritten]”; RBINS. Distribution Unknown locality in Colombia. 191. Mycotretus pecari Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus pecari Lacordaire, 1842: 167. Type locality: Colombia. Mycotretus quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus Crotch, 1876: 440 [as a variety]. Type locality: unknown syn. nov. (Fig. 10A). Mycotretus pecari – Crotch 1876: 440. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Gorham 1888: 55. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 52. — Deelder 1942: 89. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 32. — Skelley 1998b: 15. — Pecci-Maddalena et al 2021a: 969. Mycotretus quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus – Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 53. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 34. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 34C). VENEZUELA • “maracay. [handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined Paralectotype COLOMBIA • 1 spec.; “TYPE. [printed, crossed out] pecari Co Reiche [handwritten] \ Valencia [handwritten] \ Colombia [handwritten] \ Paratype Mycotretus pecari Lacordaire, 1842 [yellow label, handwritten]”; UMCZ. Distribution Colombia (apud Alvarenga 1994), Venezuela. Remarks 1) Although no specimen of M. quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus was dissected, we observed that its colour pattern and body shape (Fig. 10A) are very similar to those of M. pecari. Based on the examination of the paralectotype from “Valencia” (UMCZ), we noted a tendency of the first elytral band to fuse with the second band. Once this fusion has occurred, the resulting pattern is that observed in M. quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus. Therefore, here we synonymize M. quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus under M. pecari. 2) A few examined specimens from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in South Brazil, have the colour pattern strongly similar to that of M. pecari. However, such specimens have the contour of the elytral bands smooth, rather than serrate as in the typical M. pecari and their localities are very far from those where M. pecari occurs (with no intermediate geographical records). Therefore, they were not considered conspecific here. 3) Crotch (1876) did not mention the type locality of M. quattuordecimguttatus conjunctus and there is no locality information on the type labels. This species and M. guatemalae were collected by the same person, “Sheppard”, a contemporary of Crotch (Skelley 1998b), so there is a chance these species were collected at the same locality in Guatemala. 4) The two localities mentioned by Lacordaire (1842), “Valencia” and “Maracaybo” (= Maracaibo), as being from Colombia, currently pertain to Venezuela. 5) Lacordaire (1842: 168) pointed out three specimens European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 148 examined by him, two from Valencia and one from Maraibo. According to him, there were the varieties “A” and “B”; variety “A” was not found by us and variety “B” was described by Lacordaire as follows: “La variété B est conforme au type quant à la forme des trois premières bandes, mais la tache oblongue de l’extrémité a complètement disparu”. The specimen from Valencia is currently kept in UMCZ and fits well the description of “variety B”; it has a label with the word “type” crossed out, suggesting that it is not a primary type. On the other hand, the specimen from Maracaibo is kept in MRSN and fits the main description of M. pecari provided by Lacordaire. Lacordaire mentioned a “type”, and the specimen from Maraibo (MRSN) is here considered the “holotype” and, consequently, the specimen from Valencia (UMCZ) is considered a paratype. 192. Mycotretus polyophthalmus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus polyophthalmus Lacordaire, 1842: 163. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus polyophthalmus – Crotch 1876: 441. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 74; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 34D) FRENCH GUIANA • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined FRENCH GUIANA • 1 spec.; “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Cayenne [handwritten] \ Polyophthalmus Lac. [handwritten]”; MNHN • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Porto Platon [printed] 24 [handwritten]-7-1961 [printed] \ Brasil, A P, J. & B. Bechyné [printed] \ Mycotretus polyophthalmus Lac. 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution French Guiana, Venezuela, North Brazil. Remarks The examined specimen (MNHN) was mistakenly labelled as “lectotype”. The specimen from MRSN (Fig. 34D) is the correct lectotype (see the case of the lectotype of M. palmiphilus above, Fig. 34A). 193. Mycotretus posticus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus posticus Lacordaire, 1842: 147. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus posticus – Crotch 1876: 450 [junior synonym of M. godarti Lacordaire]. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Kuhnt 1909: 76 [variety of M. ornatus]; 1911: 52. — Mader 1942: 175; 1951: 218, 221. — Blackwelder 1945 : 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 31. Type specimen Not located. Remarks New junior synonym of M. ornatus (Duponchel, 1825) (Fig. 14A, see above). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 149 Fig. 34. Lacordaire primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus palmiphilus Lacordaire, 1842. B–B’. Lectotype of M. partitus Lacordaire, 1842. C–C’. Lectotype of M. pecari Lacordaire, 1842. D–D’. Lectotype of M. polyophthalmus Lacordaire, 1842. E–E’. Lectotype of M. psittacus Lacordaire, 1842. F–F’. Holotype of M. pulchellus Lacordaire, 1842. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D = see Material and methods. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 150 194. Mycotretus psittacus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus psittacus Lacordaire, 1842: 167. Type locality: “Mexique” [?]. Mycotretus psittacus – Crotch 1876: 440. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Gorham 1888: 54. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. — Skelley 1998b: 15. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 34E) MEXICO • “LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus psittacus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. Other specimens examined Paralectotype FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Cayenne [handwritten] \ Psittacus Lac [handwritten] \ Type [handwritten] \ Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ PARALECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus psittacus Lacordaire, 1842 [yellow label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Additional material BRAZIL • 1 spec.; “Bahia [handwritten] \ Chevr. [printed] \ TYPE. [printed, crossed out] psittacus Ex descr. [handwritten]”; UMCZ. Distribution Mexico [?], French Guiana, unknown locality in Brazil. Remarks According to Lacordaire (1842: 167), in his description of M. psittacus, individuals available to him belonged to the “Collections de M. Dupont et de M. le marquis de Brème”. We chose the specimen from the Brême collection (MRSN) as the lectotype and considered the Dupont specimen (MNHN) as a paralectotype. Gorham (1888) stated that he had not examined any specimen of M. psittacus from Mexico, and suggested that the correct locality for M. psittacus would be “perhaps Bahia” (Gorham commentary is based on a specimen from the Crotch collection, the same examined by us, see above). Alvarenga (1994) also pointed out that the type locality mentioned by Lacordaire might be wrong and mentioned that M. psittacus occurs in Southeast Brazil. We cannot confirm the exact distribution of M. psittacus in Brazil, although it is possible that this species occurs in the Northeast and Southeast regions. 195. Mycotretus pulchellus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus pulchellus Lacordaire, 1842: 177. Type locality: “Rio-Janeiro” [= Rio de Janeiro, state? locality?, Southeast Brazil]. Mycotretus pulchellus – Crotch 1876: 446. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 71; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. Primary type Holotype (Fig. 34F) BRAZIL • “D. Lacordaire [handwritten] \ Holotype Mycotretus pulchellus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MRSN. PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 151 Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 spec.; “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Pulchellus Lac [handwritten] \ Brésil [handwritten]”; MNHN • 1 ♀ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CORCOVADO, Guanabara BRASIL [printed] X. 1970 [handwritten], Alvarenga & Seabra [printed] \ Mycotretus pulchellus Lac. 1842 [handwritten] M. Alvarenga det. [printed] 1984 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. Distribution Southeast Brazil. Remarks The examined specimen (MNHN) was mistakenly labelled as “lectotype”, but the specimen from MRSN (Fig. 34F) is the true holotype (see the case of the lectotypes of M. palmiphilus Lacordaire Fig. 34A and M. polyophthalmus Lacordaire Fig. 34D above). Mycotretus pulicarius Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus pulicarius Lacordaire, 1842: 182 [description]. Type locality: “Colombie”. Mycotretus pulicarius – Crotch 1876: 448 [synonym of M. gemmula]; 1876: 448 [synonym of Mycomystes gemmula]. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3693. — Mader 1942: 173. — Blackwelder 1945: 466. — Alvarenga 1994: 26. — Skelley 1998b: 16. — Pecci-Maddalena et al. 2021b: 3078 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis]. Primary type Lectotype (Fig. 35A) COLOMBIA • “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ Type [handwritten] \ Pulicarius Lac [handwritten] \ Colombie [handwritten] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus pulicarius Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Remarks Synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842) (Fig. 26E, see above). 196. Mycotretus pusillus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus pusillus Lacordaire, 1842: 188. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus pusillus – Crotch 1876: 456. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 52. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. — Skelley 1998b: 17. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 35B) FRENCH GUIANA • “Cayen [handwritten] \ TYPE. [printed] pusillus R [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus pusillus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; UMZC. Other specimens examined BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Jacareacanga, Pará Brasil, XII–1968, M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Malaise [handwritten] \ 1622 [printed] \ Mycotretus 184 [handwritten] \ pusillus Lac., 1842 [handwritten]”; MNRJ. European Journal of Taxonomy 876: 1–182 (2023) 152 Distribution French Guiana, North Brazil. Remarks Mycotretus pusillus resembles M. pygmaeus Lacordaire (Fig. 35C) in body shape, coloration and morphology of male genitalia, but differs from the latter in the more elongated penile flagellum. 197. Mycotretus pygmaeus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus pygmaeus Lacordaire, 1842: 156. Type locality: “Cayenne” [French Guiana]. Mycotretus pygmaeus – Crotch 1876: 455. — Gemminger & Harold 1876: 3694. — Gorham 1888: 62. — Kuhnt 1909: 72; 1911: 52. — Bruch 1914: 384. — Curran 1941: 286. — Mader 1942: 172; 1951: 211. — Blackwelder 1945: 467. — Guérin 1948: 20. — Alvarenga 1994: 33. — Skelley 1998b: 17. — McHugh & Chaboo 2015: 278. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 35C) FRENCH GUIANA — “Cayenne [handwritten] \ Pygmaeus Lac [handwritten] \ Type [handwritten] \ Ex-Musaeo Mniszech [printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus pygmaeus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; MNHN. Other specimens examined FRENCH GUIANA • 1 spec.; “D. Guerin. [handwritten]”; MRSN • 1 spec.; “Cayenne Lacordaire. [handwritten] \ TYPE. [printed, crossed out] pygmaeus coll. Reiche. [handwritten]”; UMZC. BRAZIL • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ Jacaré P.N.XINGU, M. Grosso Brasil, XI–1961, Alvarenga e Werner [printed] \ DZUP 371368 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♀; “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ SERRA do NAVIO, Terr. Amapá BRASIL, IX–1957, K. Lenko leg. [printed] \ DZUP 371396 [printed]”; DZUP • 1 ♂ (dissected); “Coleção M. Alvarenga [printed] \ CHAPADA GUIMARÃES, Mato Grosso Brasil, XI–1963, Alvarenga e Werner [printed] \ DZUP 371440 [printed]”; DZUP. Distribution From Mexico to Argentina. 198. Mycotretus quadrinus Lacordaire, 1842 Mycotretus quadrinus Lacordaire, 1842: 155 (Fig. 35D). Type locality: “Brésil”. Mycotretus quadrinus – Crotch 1876: 455 [junior synonym]. — Alvarenga 1994: 29. Primary type Lectotype, here designated (Fig. 35D) BRAZIL • “TYPE. [printed] quadrinus Ch [handwritten] \ TYPE [blue label, printed] \ LECTOTYPE [printed] Mycotretus quadrinus Lacordaire, 1842 [red label, handwritten]”; UMCZ. Remarks Synonym of M. minutus Duponchel, 1825 (Fig. 13E, see above). PECCI-MADDALENA I.S. de C. et al., Catalogue of Mycotretus 153 Fig. 35. Lacordaire primary types (dorsal, labels) cont. A–A’. Lectotype of Mycotretus pulicarius Lacordaire, 1842 [synonym of Mycomystes apicalis (Lacordaire, 1842)]. B–B’. Lectotype of M. pusillus Lacordaire, 1842. C–C’. Lectotype of M. pygmaeus Lacordaire, 1842. D–D’. Lectotype of M. quadrinus Lacordaire, 1842. E–E’. Lectotype of M. quatuordecimguttatus Lacordaire, 1842. F–F’. Lectotype of M. rhodosomus Lacordaire, 1842. Scale bars = 1 mm.