INTERYER VA EKSTERYER DIZAYNIDA GRAFIK NAQSHLARNI MUHANDISLIK GRAFIKASI ASOSIDA MODELLASHTIRISH USLUBLARI
Abstract
This article discusses the issues of creating graphic patterns in interior and exterior design, modeling them based on engineering graphics and improving them based on artistic and ergonomic principles. The application of the principles of compositional balance, proportions, rhythm and symmetry in the process of graphic modeling is scientifically based.
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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE Volume 02, Issue 07 2025 55 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE universalconference.us INTERYER VA EKSTERYER DIZAYNIDA GRAFIK NAQSHLARNI MUHANDISLIK GRAFIKASI ASOSIDA MODELLASHTIRISH USLUBLARI Omonov Dilshod Esonovich Samarqand davlat pedagogika instituti, “Tasviriy san’at va texnologik ta’lim” kafedrasi professori, “Aniq va amaliy fanlar” fakulteti, “Muhandislik grafikasi va dizayn nazariyasi” 1-bosqich magistrantlari Jõrayeva Muxlisa Alisher qizi, Yunusova Nafisa Jamshid qizi Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada interyer va eksteryer dizaynida grafik naqshlarni yaratish, ularni muhandislik grafikasi asosida modellashtirish va badiiy–ergonomik tamoyillar asosida takomillashtirish masalalari yoritilgan. Grafik modellashtirish jarayonida kompozitsion muvozanat, proporsiyalar, ritm va simmetriya tamoyillarining qo‘llanilishi ilmiy asoslangan. Kalit so‘zlar: interyer, eksteryer, naqsh, kompozitsiya, muhandislik grafikasi, modellashtirish, ergonomika, proporsiya, ritm, simmetriya. Abstract: This article discusses the issues of creating graphic patterns in interior and exterior design, modeling them based on engineering graphics and improving them based on artistic and ergonomic principles. The application of the principles of compositional balance, proportions, rhythm and symmetry in the process of graphic modeling is scientifically based. Keywords: interior, exterior, pattern, composition, engineering graphics, modeling, ergonomics, proportion, rhythm, symmetry. Zamonaviy dizayn sohasida interyer va eksteryer loyihalarini badiiy ifodali, ergonomik jihatdan qulay va texnik jihatdan mukammal yaratish masalasi alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ayniqsa, grafik naqshlar — milliy va zamonaviy bezak elementlarini uyg‘unlashtirgan holda, muhandislik grafikasi usullari bilan modellashtirish orqali mukammal shaklga keltiriladi. Muhandislik grafikasi bu jarayonda vizual fikrlash, aniq chizmachilik va texnik tasvirlash madaniyatini ta’minlovchi asosiy vosita hisoblanadi. Interyer va eksteryer dizaynerlari uchun grafik modellashtirish nafaqat estetik, balki funksional yechimlar ishlab chiqishda ham muhim o‘rin tutadi. 1. Grafik naqshlar mohiyati va ularning dizayndagi o‘rni Grafik naqshlar — bu chiziq, shakl, rang, ritm va fakturalarning uyg‘un tizimida tashkil topgan badiiy tuzilma bo‘lib, ular interyer (binoning ichki qismi) va eksteryer (tashqi
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE Volume 02, Issue 07 2025 56 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE universalconference.us muhit)ni vizual boyitadi. Interyerda naqshlar dekorativ kompozitsiyani, devor, shift, poldagi bezaklarni tashkil etsa, eksteryerda ular fasad, deraza ramkalari, gumbaz, panjaralar kabi elementlarni badiiy bezashda qo‘llaniladi. Naqshlar grafik modellashtirish jarayonida chizmachilik, proyeksiyalash, simmetrik va fraktal tuzilmalar asosida yaratiladi. Bunda muhandislik grafikasi naqsh tuzilmasining geometrik asoslarini aniqlab beradi. 2. Muhandislik grafikasi asosida modellashtirish jarayoni Grafik naqshlarni modellashtirish quyidagi bosqichlarda amalga oshiriladi: 1. G‘oyaviy bosqich – naqshning konseptual yechimi, kompozitsiya markazi, ritmik asosini aniqlash. 2. Geometrik konstruksiya – naqsh elementlarining simmetrik va ritmik joylashuvini muhandislik grafikasi yordamida qurish. 3. Raqamli modellashtirish – AutoCAD, CorelDRAW, Adobe Illustrator, Blender yoki SketchUp dasturlarida 2D/3D naqshlar yaratish. 4. Material tanlash va ergonomik tahlil – naqshning joylashuv joyiga mos rang, faktura, yorug‘lik ta’siri va inson bilan o‘zaro munosabatini baholash. 5. Vizualizatsiya va baholash – tayyor naqshning interyer yoki eksteryerda vizual holatini 3D rendering orqali sinovdan o‘tkazish. Mazkur jarayonlarda muhandislik chizmasi — naqsh elementlari orasidagi nisbat, o‘lcham, proporsiya va simmetriyani aniqlovchi ilmiy asos vazifasini bajaradi. 3. Kompozitsion tamoyillar va ergonomik talablar Grafik naqshlarni modellashtirishda quyidagi kompozitsion tamoyillar asosiy rol o‘ynaydi: • Simmetriya va asimmetriya — naqshning vizual barqarorligini ta’minlaydi; • Ritm va takrorlanish — elementlarning muvozanatli harakati; • Masshtab va proporsiya — interyer o‘lchamlari bilan naqshning uyg‘unligi; • Markazlashtirish va dinamika — diqqat markazini aniqlash; • Kontrast va uyg‘unlik — rang va shakllarning muvozanatini belgilaydi. Ergonomik nuqtai nazardan, naqshlar insonning fazoviy idrokiga, qulaylik darajasiga va estetik hissiyotlariga mos bo‘lishi kerak. Shu bois yorug‘lik yo‘nalishi, ko‘rish burchagi, balandlik va masofa omillari ham hisobga olinadi. 4. Zamonaviy texnologiyalar asosida naqsh modellashtirish Bugungi kunda grafik naqshlarni modellashtirishda quyidagi axborot texnologiyalari keng qo‘llaniladi: • AutoCAD – geometrik asos va muhandislik aniqligini ta’minlaydi; • SketchUp – 3D interyer/eksteryer modellashtirish uchun; • CorelDRAW – naqsh chiziqlari va ornamentlarni vektor shaklida yaratish uchun;
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE Volume 02, Issue 07 2025 57 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE universalconference.us • Adobe Illustrator – rang va kompozitsion yechimlarni tahlil qilish; • 3ds Max va Blender – vizualizatsiya va realistik yoritish modellarini yaratish. Bu dasturlar orqali dizayner aniq o‘lchov, real tekstura va yorug‘lik muhitini yaratish imkoniyatiga ega bo‘ladi. Natijada, grafik naqshlar nafaqat estetik, balki funksional jihatdan ham mukammal bo‘ladi. 5. Ilmiy va amaliy natijalar Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, muhandislik grafikasi asosida modellashtirilgan naqshlar dizayn ob’yektining umumiy ko‘rinishini yaxshilaydi, interyer va eksteryerda inson ruhiy qulayligini oshiradi. Amaliyotda bu yondashuv quyidagi afzalliklarni beradi: • Dizayn yechimlarining aniqligi va proporsional uyg‘unligi; • Dekorativ bezaklarning ergonomik mosligi; • Naqshlarning milliy va zamonaviy uslublarda uyg‘unlashuvi; • Dasturiy vositalar yordamida qisqa vaqt ichida yuqori sifatli natijalarga erishish. Xulosa Interyer va eksteryer dizaynida grafik naqshlarni modellashtirishda muhandislik grafikasi tamoyillari asosida yondashish — badiiy g‘oya bilan texnik aniqlikni uyg‘unlashtirish imkonini beradi. Bu esa nafaqat estetik go‘zallikni, balki inson uchun qulay, funksional va zamonaviy fazoviy muhitni yaratishning asosiy garovi hisoblanadi. Kelajakda ushbu yo‘nalishda sun’iy intellekt va parametrik dizayn tizimlari orqali naqshlarni avtomatik modellashtirish bo‘yicha tadqiqotlarni davom ettirish maqsadga muvofiqdir. FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR: 1. Qodirova G.X. Dizayn asoslari va kompozitsiya tamoyillari. — Toshkent, 2021. 2. Akbarov M., To‘xtayev A. Muhandislik grafikasi asoslari. — Toshkent, 2019. 3. Abdurahmonova M. Libos va interyer dizaynida ergonomika. — Toshkent, 2020. 4. Norman D. The Design of Everyday Things. — MIT Press, 2013. 5. Wong W. Principles of Two-Dimensional Design. — New York, 1993. 6. Omonov Dilshod Esonovich., Spiritual values and their importance in human development. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT] ISSN : 2394-3696 Website: ijiert.org VOLUME 8, ISSUE 10, Oct. -2021 199 | P a g e 7. D. E. Omonov., The Role of Engineering Graphics in the Training of "Fine Arts and Drawing" Teachers Pioneer: Journal of Advanced Research and Scientific Progress (JARSP) Volume: 01 Issue: 04 | 2022 ISSN: 2751-7551 http://innosci.org 108 | Page 8. I. U. Izbosarov, D.E.Omonov, S.Abduvohidova., Stages of Working Thematic Composition in Fine Arts Lessons Pioneer: Journal of Advanced Research and
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE Volume 02, Issue 07 2025 58 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE universalconference.us Scientific Progress (JARSP) Volume: 01 Issue: 04 | 2022 ISSN: 2751-7551 http://innosci.org 112 | Page 9. DILSHOD ESONOVICH OMONOV., Ways to introduce the science of painting to the visual arts using new pedagogical technologies. International journal of philosophical studies and Social sciences ISSN-E: 2181-2047, ISSN-P: 2181-2039 http://ijpsss.iscience.uz/index.php/ijpsss Vol 1, Issue 3 2021 10. D. E. Omonov., Integration of fine arts and computer technologies in art education of students. MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN ISSN 2694-9970 Middle European Scientific Bulletin, VOLUME 17 Oct 2021 Copyright (c) 2021 Author (s). This is an open -access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) .To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 11. D. E. Omonov., Improving Conversation Classes on Fine Arts in Secondary Schools. European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE) Volume 2 | Issue 2 | ISSN: 2795-8612. 12. D.E.Omonov., the Role of Graphics in the Training of Teachers of "Fine Arts and Engineering Graphics" European Journal of Innovation in Nonformal Education (EJINE) Volume 2 | Issue 2 | ISSN: 2795-8612. 13. D. E. Omonov, G. Namozova, F. Rashidov, S. Abduvohidova., Engineering graphic sciences are a conceptual framework for conducting educational technologies in lectures and practical training. 14. D. E. Omonov., Conceptual Bases of the Production of Teaching Technologies in Exposure and Practical Training (In the Example of the Engineering Graphics Course) Pioneer: Journal of Advanced Research and Scientific Progress (JARSP) Volume: 01 Issue: 04 | 2022 ISSN: 2751-7551 http://innosci.org 104 | Page Internet saytlari: 15. http:// devianart.com/ gremo 16. http://issuu.com/westminsterfashion/docs/westminster gim atkinson 17. http://pikby.com/account/quangkitaro198/6861658306348 72965/ 18. https://www.arts.ac.uk/colleges/central-saint-martins