The Brief Prakriti Inventory: Latent structure, reliability, and validity

*Corresponding Authors: Dr. Bharath Holla, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Dept. of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru 560029, India. Phone: +91-9844259459 Dr. Hemant Bhargav, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Yoga, Dept. of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru 560029, India. 1 Supplementary Information Title: The Brief Prakriti Inventory: Latent Structure, Reliability, and Validity Authors: Hemant Bhargav1*, Umesh Chikkanna1, Bharath Holla1*, Rama Arya2, Rushali Daga1, Nishitha Jasti1, Sadavrat Amlani1, Santhosh C1, Vidhya Sanker1, Akhila Soman1, Krishnaja Unnikrishnan1, Venkataram Shivakumar1, Shivarama Varambally3, Kishore Kumar R1 Affiliations: 1Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. 2Department of Sports Science and Yoga, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Belur Math, India. 3Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India. Table of Contents Supplementary Figure 1: Model Fit Indices Across Competing Latent Class Solutions……………………………………………………………………………………3 Supplementary Figure 2: Convergent Validity of BPI with AyuSoft……………..4 Supplement Table 1. BPI Item and Traditional Ayurvedic Reference Mapping…………………………………………………………………………………...5 Supplement Table 2. Core Guna (Qualities) Associated with Each Dosha…..10 Supplement Table 3: Validated Final Version of Brief-Prakriti Inventory (BPI-21): Item-wise Response Options……………………………………………………………11 2 Supplementary Figure 1: Model Fit Indices Across Competing Latent Class Solutions Model selection plot showing BIC, AIC, and entropy values for 1to 5-class solutions from latent class analysis. The three-class model was selected based on lowest BIC and acceptable entropy (>0.8), supporting the existence of three underlying Prakriti classes. 3 Supplementary Figure 2: Convergent Validity of BPI with AyuSoft Scatterplots showing the alignment between BPI dosha scores and corresponding AyuSoft ratings in a subsample of participants. The strong positive correlations across all three doshas support the convergent validity of the BP 4 Supplement Table 1. BPI Item and Traditional Ayurvedic Reference Mapping Domain Item Dosha Classical Reference (Sanskrit) English Translation Physical 1. Body frame Vata !"#$%&'()*)&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Thin build, short stature Pitta -./. 0&)1&2&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Soft, delicate body Kapha 3"#$%"4)"567-,&78&+ ( $ . #, . 8/96) Well-nourished, full body frame 2. Skin texture Vata )9:&;&%<& =>&()*)&+ ($. #,. 8/98–99) Dry, rough skin Pitta ?@5%#,A.B8#%<#"C/&+ , #>?,<*, -./. 0&)&,D&%1&2&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Freckles, moles, pimples, early wrinkles, delicate fair skin Kapha #EF&8&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Oily, smooth skin 3. Hair texture Vata "GH/I (JK.)L0 ($. #,. 8/98) Dry, rough hair, beard, and body hair Pitta #>?"#<%M&#<NDLH&+ , ?&OL 0P;'/#"<JK.<L0/I (&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Early greying, hair fall, soft and scanty hair Kapha QRR*</I (+ (S.T. -U. 3/77) Thick, dark, black hair 4. Eye characteris tics Vata RI2 $VH&U M)W5-) ,PX&#R $&=#6 0P%L"0&#R Y 3Z*#<%&R*, @,[\ -.]I (S.T. -U. 3/88) Dry, dusky eyes, round, half-closed during sleep Pitta %R5#R #"8&#R $<&#R $VH&U... (S.T. -U. 3/94) Small brown eyes, scant eyelashes, red with anger or alcohol Kapha )^&\-.#EF#,(&<D*Q7 -.B^(._&#-%"`<&>+ (S.T. -U. 3/100) Large, clear white eyes with dark lashes and reddish canthus 5. Perspiratio n Vata – – Pitta ?@5%-PabID ($. #,. 8/96), bIDRU D.17c+ (-.. -U. 4/68) Profuse sweating, sometimes foulsmelling Kapha !'bID ($. #,. 8/96) Minimal sweating 6. Body movement s Vata <Q.d&eQ.$"<1#%$Ia&f&)B& f&)&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Fast, restless movements and activities Pitta – – 5 Kapha 0gd&Zg$Ia&f&)B&f&)&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Slow, steady movements and activities 7. Facial features Vata $<d&DR,[h%-i#>j5fkL l#mn&#()+ oc&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Restless eyes, lips, jaw, head and shoulder movements Pitta p&qRMROR%&<.#mn9l&+ (-.. -U. 4/64) Coppery nails, eyes, palate, tongue, lips Kapha ?-rD(7R&RR&+ ($. #,. 8/96), 0f&<<&s&+ (S.T. -U. 3/96) Pleasant face, broad forehead 8. Teeth Vata "GHD(R&+ , -5>0D\&+ , !'D\&+ (f. ?. 5/17-38; S.-U. -U. 8/5-15) Rough, small, extra, or fewer teeth Pitta D\&+ #,(.t,6&7+ (f. ?. 5/1738) Clear, white teeth Kapha – – 9. Tendons & veins Vata uv/w)#-)&?%&R&+ ($. #,. 8/98), W0R*%%+ (-.. -U. 4/64) Prominent veins and tendons Pitta – – Kapha 15x#EF[ya-i[h0&U-&+ (S.T. -U. 3/96) Well-covered joints, compact muscles and bones 10. Walking Vata z.%1#% (-.. -U. 4/64), <Q.$"<1#%+ ($. #,. 8/98) Fast, unsteady gait with short steps Pitta – – Kapha -&)&#W#l%1%O+ ($. #,. 8/96) Stable, steady gait Physiolo gical 11. Digestion Vata – – Pitta %*{6&|O+ ($. #,. 8/97) Strong, intense digestion Kapha – – 12. Appetite Vata <Q.$"<&f&)&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Small, irregular meals Pitta ?@5%&(R&+ , Dg(5/&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Eats frequently, large portions Kapha !'>.%+ ($. #,. 8/96), >.XPs}%]+ (S.T. -U. 3/96) Low appetite, tolerates hunger 13. Thirst Vata – – Pitta ?@5%"&R&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Drinks large amounts of fluids Kapha !'%P~&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Low thirst, tolerates thirst 14. Sleep patterns Vata !'#Rz&+ (S.T. -U. 3/85) Sleeps less, light sleeper Pitta – – 6 Kapha #Rz&<,.+ (S.T. -U. 3/101) Sleeps more, deep sleep 15. Body weight changes Vata – – Pitta – – Kapha 3"#$%"4)"567-,&78&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Well-built, weight resistant 16. Bowel movement s Vata !'".)*H&+ (/&. -U. 18/9-18) Produces little stool Pitta ?@5%-Pa".)*H&+ ( $ . #, . 8/98), @5O.•&)&+ (S.T. -U. 3/94) Frequent, loose stools Kapha – – 17. Temperatu re sensitivity Vata (VN&€*%&-#f~,+ ... ($. #,. 8/98) Intolerant to cold, frequent shivering Pitta 3~&-f&+ Intolerant to heat Kapha 3~-#f~,+ , 3~•€&+ (S.-U. -U. 8/5-15) Tolerant of and prefers warmth 18. Taste preference Vata 0W.)&‚<,6#?O&+ (S.T. -U. 3/87) Preference for sweet, sour, salty Pitta 0W.)/H&O#%^#?O&+ (S.T. -U. 3/92) Preference for sweet, astringent, bitter Kapha #%^/H&O/s.#?O&+ (S.T. -U. 3/100) Preference for bitter, astringent, spicy 19. Physical endurance Vata !'u<&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Low stamina, low strength Pitta 0ƒu<&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Moderate stamina Kapha _I(-f&+ (-.. -U. 4/64) High stamina, resilient 20. Infection resistance Vata (*„#,/&)&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Falls ill easily Pitta – – Kapha !#(„#,/&)&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Rarely falls ill, resistant Psycholo gical 21. Emotional temperam ent Vata (*„>L@&+ ... ($. #,. 8/97) Easily disturbed, fearful, unstable Pitta _I(&-#f~,+ ($. #,. 8/97) Intolerant to distress Kapha !#(„>L@&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Calm, not easily disturbed 7 22. Emotional arousal Vata (*„>L@&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Easily excitable Pitta #>?/L"?-&D&+ (-.. -U. 4/68) Quick to anger and quick to calm Kapha !#(„>L@&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Stable, not excitable 23. New learning & memory Vata K.%…&#f6L†'‡P%O+ ($. #,. 8/97) Good immediate recall, poor retention Pitta 0IW&,*, #R".60#% (-.. -U. 4/68) Intelligent, sharp memory Kapha #$)…&f* , #,ˆ&,\+ ( -. . -U . 4/52; $. #,. 8/96) Retains long-term memory 24. Communi cation style Vata ,&$&<&+ , uv@&#H6+ (S.-U. -U. 8/5-15), -^@&H&+ (S.T. -U. 3/85-89) Talkative, excessive speech Pitta ?1‰ ,^&+ (OL1)Š/&) ?.#,. 5–6) Assertive, convincing speech Kapha ,D#% R #R‹Œ.)0}, #0%,&/} (@I< -U. #,. 4/16-18) Gentle, moderate speech 25. Decisionmaking Vata (*„-0&)•&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Quick to decide and act Pitta #,@&,u.[t+ , "[w%+ (S.T. -U. 3/85-89) Intelligent, confident decisionmaker Kapha !#(„-0&)•&+ , -&[d/+ ($. #,. 8/96) Deliberate, thoughtful decisions 26. Mood rhythms Vata #/#ŽDI, #,<"[\ ... ( -. . -U . 4/64) Easily upset, frequent complaints Pitta #>? /L" #>? ?-&D&+ ... (S.-U. -U. 8/5-15) Intense mood swings, quick to anger/calm Kapha (&\&+ , >0&,\+ (-.. -U. 4/64) Calm, forgiving, steady mood 27. Competiti veness Vata (*„ 2&-&+ , !WP%O+ (-.. -U. 4/64) Anxious, less confident Pitta %*{6")&•0&+ ... (-.. -U. 4/64) Competitive, fearless, bold Kapha -#f~,+ , •x0%O+ (-.. -U. 4/64) Steady, tolerant, principled 28. Attention & concentrat ion Vata $<WP#%‡P#%u.tO+ (S.T. -U. 3/84) Distractible, fluctuating attention 8 Pitta – – Kapha WP#%0\+ (-.. -U. 4/64) Focused, retains attention 29. Work initiative Vata (*„-0&)•&+ ($. #,. 8/97) Quick to start tasks Pitta – – Kapha !#(„-0&)•&+ ($. #,. 8/96) Slow to initiate tasks 30. Speech patterns Vata ?%%=>>&0... uv?<&"&+ ($. #,. 8/98) Harsh, incoherent, excessive talk Pitta #,1P‘ ,^&+ (-.. -U. 4/69) Argumentative, aggressive speech Kapha ?-r#EFb)&+ , "4)#R#’%,&“"D&+ ($. #,. 8/96; -.. -U. 4/75) Clear, pleasant, coherent speech Classical References: Cha. Vim. – Charaka Samhita, Vimana Sthana; Cha. Sut. – Charaka Samhita, Sutra Sthana; Su. Sa. – Sushruta Samhita; Su. Sha. – Sushruta Samhita, Sharira Sthana; A.H. Sa. – Ashtanga Hridaya, Sharira Sthana; A.S. Sa. – Ashtanga Sangraha, Sharira Sthana; Harita Pra. – Harita Samhita, Prakriti Adhyaya; Kashyapa Sa. – Kashyapa Samhita; Bhela Vim. – Bhela Samhita, Vimana Sthana; Sha. Mad. – Sharangadhara Samhita, Madhyama Khanda; AS Sha. – Ashtanga Sangraha, Sharira Sthana; Yogaratnakara – Yogaratnakara, Prakriti Vichara. 9