CHEVARCHILIKKA OID TERMINLARNING POLISEMANTIK VA MONOSEMANTIK MUNOSABATLARI

267 Vol. 5, No. 11 – Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 LPTIENP International Scientific-Practice Conference on “Linguistics and Pedagogical Technologies: International Experience and National Practice” Denau, November 20, 2025 in-academy.uz/index.php/ejar CHEVARCHILIKKA OID TERMINLARNING POLISEMANTIK VA MONOSEMANTIK MUNOSABATLARI Mirzayeva Gulasal Ergashovna UDK.801.8.1292 Denov tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti “Xorijiy til va adabiyoti” quyi kurslarkafedrasi katta o’qituvchisi е-mail: mirzaе[email protected] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17629483 Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada chevarchilik sohasidagi terminlarning polisemantik (ko‘p ma’nolilik) va monosemantik (bir ma’nolilik) xususiyatlari lingvistik nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi - chevarchilik terminlarining semantik tuzilishini aniqlash, ularning ma’no shakllanish mexanizmlarini ochib berish va bu hodisalarni tilshunoslikdagi umumiy semantik nazariyalar bilan bog‘lashdan iborat. Tadqiqot deskriptiv-lingvistik va struktur-semantik tahlil usullariga tayangan holda olib borildi. Chevarchilikka oid terminlarning ma’nolari izohli lug‘atlar, o‘quv adabiyotlari hamda amaliy nutq materiallari asosida o‘rganildi. Kalit so‘zlar: chevarchilik, terminologiya, semantika, monosemiya, polisemiya, til tizimi, leksik ma’no. Annotation: This article analyzes the polysemantic (multiple-meaning) and monosemantic (single-meaning) characteristics of sewing-related terminology from a linguistic perspective. The aim of the study is to determine the semantic structure of sewing terms, to reveal the mechanisms of their meaning formation, and to link these phenomena with general semantic theories in linguistics. The research is based on descriptive-linguistic and structural-semantic analysis methods. The meanings of sewing terms were studied using explanatory dictionaries, educational materials, and practical language data. Keywords: sewing, terminology, semantics, monosemy, polysemy, language system, lexical meaning. Аннотация: В данной статье анализируются полисемантические (многозначные) и моносемантические (однозначные) характеристики терминов, связанных с швейным делом, с лингвистической точки зрения. Цель исследования — определить семантическую структуру терминов швейного дела, раскрыть механизмы формирования их значений и связать эти явления с общими семантическими теориями в языкознании. Исследование основано на дескриптивно-лингвистическом и структурно-семантическом методах анализа. Значения терминов, относящихся к швейному делу, изучались на основе толковых словарей, учебной литературы и материалов практической речи. Ключевые слова: швейное дело, терминология, семантика, моносемия, полисемия, языковая система, лексическое значение. Kirish Tilning shakl va mazmun tomonlaridan iborat ikki yoqlama tabiati haqidagi qarashlar lingvistik sath tushunchasining vujudga kelishiga sabab bo‘lgan. Ushbu ikki tomonning har biri o‘z ichki tuzilishiga ega bo‘lib, ular o‘zaro bog‘langan kichik tizimlar majmuasidan tashkil topadi. Natijada tilning umumiy tuzilishi o‘zaro aloqador sistemalar yig‘indisi sifatida shakllanadi va ana shu tizimlar o‘rtasidagi munosabat til mexanizmining harakatini ta’minlovchi omil sifatida talqin etiladi. Ma’lumki, tilshunoslikda so‘zning ma’nosi, uning kontekstga ko‘ra o‘zgarishi hamda bir ma’nolilik va ko‘p ma’nolilik masalalari doimo asosiy dolzarb mavzu bo’lib kelgan. So‘zning semantik tuzilishini tahlil etishda monosemiya (bir ma’nolilik) va polisemiya (ko‘p ma’nolilik) tushunchalari muhim o‘rin tutadi. 268 Vol. 5, No. 11 – Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 LPTIENP International Scientific-Practice Conference on “Linguistics and Pedagogical Technologies: International Experience and National Practice” Denau, November 20, 2025 in-academy.uz/index.php/ejar Terminologiyada monosemiya - aniq, yagona ma’noga ega bo‘lish holati ideal hisoblanadi (Rice, 1992), biroq amaliy sohalarda, jumladan chevarchilikda, ko‘pincha polisemiya -bir terminning bir necha bog‘liq ma’noda ishlatilishi hodisasi keng tarqalgan. Bu maqolaning maqsadi - chevarchilik sohasidagi terminlarning polisemantik va monosemantik xususiyatlarini aniqlash, ularning o‘zaro munosabatini ko‘rsatish, shuningdek, tilshunoslikdagi semantik nazariyalar bilan bog‘lashdir. Bizga ma’lumki,chevarchilik - bu qadimdan shakllangan bo’lib, u o‘z terminologik tizimiga ega bo‘lgan amaliy kasb-hunar sohasidan biridir. Bu sohada ishlatiladigan terminlar nafaqat texnik jarayonlarni, balki mato, chok, bezak, ip, asbob va uslublarni ham ifodalaydi. Ushbu maqola deskriptiv-lingvistik va struktur-semantik tahlil usullariga asoslandi. Bundan maqsad esa, chevarchilik sohasidagi terminlarning semantik tuzilishini aniqlash va ularning polisemantik (ko‘p ma’nolilik) va monosemantik (bir ma’nolilik) xususiyatlarini tahlil qilish, hamda ular o‘rtasidagi semantik aloqalarni ochib berishdir. So’zning semantik tuzulishini tahlil etishda monosemiya,a’ni bir ma’nolilik va polisemiya ko’p ma’nolilik tushunchalari asosiy o’rinni egallaydi. Leksik monosemiya bu faqat aniq bitta , aniq ma’noga ega bo’lib, u konteksda ma’nosi o’zgarmaydi. Monosemiya hodisasi til tizimida juda kam uchraydi. Ushbu terminlar o’zbek tilida mavjud bo’lib, ingliz tilida to’g’ridan to’g’ri tarjima qilib bo’lmaydi, ya’ni bu so’alarning ekvivalenti yo’q. Bu so’zlarni faqatgina izohlash orqali ma’nosi beriladi. Quyidagi so’zlar monosemik terminlarga misol bo’la oladi: Qo‘sh chokmilliy termin hisoblanadi. Tikuvni ikki qat qilib mustahkamlash usulidir. Bu termin ingliz tilida “double seam” yoki “reinforced seam” deb izoh beriladi, ammo uning alohida termin sifatida berilmaydi. Yana bir termin, Bezak chokbu kiyimni bezatish uchun tikiladigan maxsus chok turi hisonlanadi. Bu ingliz tilida “Decorative stitching” deb izoh beriladi. Yana bir misol, Seam- “a sewn join between two pieces of textile material ”, (ikki yoki bir nechta mato bo’lagini biriktirib tikish).Bu ham tikuvchilikka mos termin hisoblanadi. Bu kabi so’zlarni ifodalash uchun alohida terminlar mavjud emas. Monosemiya polesemiyadan biroz farqi bor,u bitta ma’noni ifodalaydi va kontekslarda turlicha talqin qilinmaydi. Leksik polisemiya esa bu bir nechta,lekin o’zaro bog’liq ma’nolarga ega bo’lishidir. Bu jarayon tilshunoslikda juda keng tarqalgan bo’lib,ko’p ma’noli so’zlar tilning asosiy boyligini namoyon qiladi. Polisemiya konteksga turli shakllarda kelishi mumkin, ammo uning asl ma’nosi o’zgarmay qoladi. Bundan ko’rinib turibdiki polisemiya bir so’zning bir necha ma’nolarda kelishi, qollanishi ekan. Chevarchilikka doir ba’zi bir terminlarni misol tariqasida ko’rib chiqishimiz mumkin. Masalan ingliz tilidagi needle so’zini misol tariqasida ko’radigan bo’lsak ,uning o’zbekcha tarjimasi igna (nina).Bu so’z ingliz tiliga bir nechta ma’noga ega bo’lib, u konteksga qarab farqlanadi. Masalan: Needle1.sewing needle a thin metal pin, used in sewing, that is pointed at one end and has a hole called an eye at the other end for thread 1 . (matoni tikish, kashta tikish, juda ko’p ishlatiladihan so’z bo’lib, o;tkir uchli tikuv asbobini anglatadi. Masalan:"She carefully threaded the needle with a fine silk string." (U ignaga nozik ipak ipni ehtiyotkorlik bilan o'tkazdi.) 2.Hypodermic needleA very thin, hollow, pointed piece of metal that is connected to a syringe and used to take blood from the body or to put drugs or medicine in (inyeksiya ignasi. Bu tibbiyotda juda ko’p 1 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/needle 269 Vol. 5, No. 11 – Special Issue (EJAR) ISSN: 2181-2020 LPTIENP International Scientific-Practice Conference on “Linguistics and Pedagogical Technologies: International Experience and National Practice” Denau, November 20, 2025 in-academy.uz/index.php/ejar ishlatiladigan jism bo’lib,unda qon olish yoki vaksina kiritish uchun foydalaniladi. Masalan: “The needle of the compass slowly settled, pointing north.” (Kompasning ignasi asta-sekin joylashib, shimolni ko'rsatdi.) 3. Compass NeedleOna compass or measuring device,the thin moving part that points in a particular direction or points to a particular measurement : (kompas ignasi, bunda esa yo’nalishni toppish, yo;l ko’rsatish ignasi hisoblanadi. Masalan:”The needle of the compass slowly settled, pointing north.” (Kompasning ignasi asta-sekin joylashib, shimolni ko'rsatdi.) 4.Pine needleA needle is also a small stick with a point or hook, used to make stitches 2 : (igna barglari ma’nosida ya’ni archa va qarag’ay barglari ma’nosida keladi.)Masalan: “The forest floor was covered with a thick carpet of fallen pine needles.” (O'rmon zaminini to'kilgan qarag'ay ignalarining qalin gilami qoplagan edi.) Monosemiya va polisemiya bir-biriga qarama-qarshi bo‘lishiga qaramay, ular til tizimining yaxlitligini ta’minlovchi ikki asosiy semantik mexanizm sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi. Monosemiya termonologik aniqlik hamda ilmiy ifoda uchun zarur bo’lsa, polisemiya esa tildagi ko’p ma’nolilik,va madaniy moslashishni kuchaytirish uchun o’ta muhum semantic jarayondir. Xulosa qilib shuni aytish joizki, chevarchilik terminologiyasining semantik tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, bu sohada monosemiya texnik jarayonlarni aniqlik bilan ifodalashda, polisemiya esa kasbiy tajribaning kengayishida va tildagi semantik boylikni oshirishda muhim o‘rin tutadi. References: 1. Rice, S. A. (1992). Monosemy, Polysemy, or Homonymy? eScholarship. https://escholarship.org/content/qt7bk5p2w9/qt7bk5p2w9_noSplash_a080568c32cef49d12479c0d5 9c82d6c.pdf 2. Carston, R. (2021). Polysemy: Pragmatics and sense conventions. Mind & Language, Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mila.12329 3. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. (2017). Polysemy. https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore9780199384655-e-325 4. Tikuvchilik terminlari izohli lug‘ati. (2020). O‘zbekiston to‘qimachilik ilmiy markazi. Toshkent. 5. Kasb-hunar terminologiyasi bo‘yicha amaliy qo‘llanma. (2022). Toshkent davlat yengil sanoat kolleji. 6. Wikipedia contributors. (2024). Polysemy & Monosemy. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysemy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosemy 7. Мирзаева, Г., & Махкамова, С. (2025). Effective methods and techniques for teaching foreign languages. Объединяя студентов: международные исследования и сотрудничество между дисциплинами, 1(1), 374-378. 8. Ergashovna, M. G., & Xoliqulovna, B. R. M. (2025). THE STUDY OF SEWING TERMINOLOGY IN LINGUISTICS. Western European Journal of Linguistics and Education, 3(05), 156-158. 2 https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/needle_1?q=needle