Two new species of Pestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Pestalotiopsidaceae) causing needle blight of Pinus massoniana in China

95 Two new species of Pestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Pestalotiopsidaceae) causing needle blight of Pinus massoniana in China Hui Li1,2 , Yu-Qing Bai1,2, Jun-Ya Xie1,2, De-Wei Li3, Li-Hua Zhu1,2 1 College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China 2 Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China 3 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, USA Corresponding author: Li-Hua Zhu ([email protected]) Copyright: © Hui Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0). Research Article Abstract Pinus massoniana Lamb. is an important tree species widely used for afforestation and industrial timber on barren hills in China. Needle blight of P. massoniana, caused by Pestalotiopsis spp., is widespread and occurs over a large area. In this study, 10 representative strains were isolated from diseased needles of P. massoniana in Anhui and Guangxi provinces. Based on phylogenetic analysis of three genomic loci (ITS, TEF1, and TUB2), combined with morphological characteristics, two new species—Pestalotiopsis liuzhouensis sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis kendrickii sp. nov.—were identified. Pathogenicity experiments showed that these 10 representative strains were pathogenic to P. massoniana. This study enhances understanding of the diversity of pathogens causing P. massoniana needle blight and provides insights for future control strategies. Key words: Asexual fungi, multi-locus phylogeny, new species, Pestalotiopsis, pine Introduction Pinus massoniana Lamb., as a unique native tree species in China, is widely distributed in the subtropical region (Lu et al. 2022). Adapted to arid and barren soil, P. massoniana needles and roots can be used in traditional Chinese medicine (He et al. 2009); its trunk can be used for papermaking and industrial construction (Liu et al. 2015); and it has a strong regeneration ability that can promote carbon cycling (Kang et al. 2006). Therefore, it has extremely high economic and ecological value (Yang et al. 2020). Needle blight was found in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province, and Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, which seriously endangered the health of P. massoniana needles and must be monitored. Pine wood nematode disease, caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode; PWN), is one of the main diseases affecting P. massoniana (Wu et al. 2022). As early as 1975, the Guizhou Forestry Institute investigated local diseases of P. massoniana forests and found diseases such as red blight, pine blister rust, pine leaf rust, and sooty blotch. Pine rot, a world-famous disease of young P. massoniana, is caused by Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. (Fu Academic editor: Fahimeh Jami Received: 10 August 2025 Accepted: 13 October 2025 Published: 17 November 2025 Citation: Li H, Bai Y-Q, Xie J-Y, Li D-W, Zhu L-H (2025) Two new species of Pestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Pestalotiopsidaceae) causing needle blight of Pinus massoniana in China. MycoKeys 125: 95–114. https://doi. org/10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 96 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana 1989). The branches of damaged pine trees become wrinkled due to water loss, resin oozes from the trunk, and infection at the base of the trunk causes bark rot. The infection leads to the death of the whole plant. Cronartium quercuum infects the trunk, lateral branches, and bare roots of pine trees and forms galls, which seriously affect the seed-setting ability of P. massoniana (Li et al. 1995). Zhuang (2001) recorded the pathogen Diplodia sapinea (Fr.) P. Karst., which causes shoot blight of P. massoniana. Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. can cause damping-off of P. massoniana (Luo and Yu 2020). Wilt disease, also known as damping-off disease, begins with the withering of the top needles and, over time, leads to root rot until the whole seedling dies. This pathogen has been proven to cause plant withering (Tint 1945) and root rot (Bloomberg 1971). Pseudofusicoccum kimberleyense Pavlic, T.I. Burgess & M.J. Wingf. and Pse. violaceum Mehl & Slippers can cause P. massoniana branch blight (Li et al. 2023). Needle blight of P. massoniana is caused by Pestalotiopsis funerea (Desm.) Steyaert, which makes the needles dry up, die, and defoliate early (Liang et al. 2002). As endophytes, plant pathogens, or saprophytes, Pestalotiopsis species are widely distributed throughout the world, mainly in tropical and temperate regions, and have a wide range of host plants (Bate-Smith and Metcalfe 1957; Guba 1961; Sutton 1980; Jeewon et al. 2003; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). Pestalotiopsis Steyaert was segregated from Pestalotia by Steyaert (1949). Its stable characteristics include the length and width of conidia, the length and color of the median three cells, and the number and length of apical appendages (Jeewon et al. 2002). However, excessive overlap of conidia makes it difficult to identify species solely by morphological characteristics (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). Although some additional taxonomic features can be used as identification bases for Pestalotiopsis species—such as pigmentation of intermediate cells, an important feature that distinguishes P. funerea from Pestalotiopsis triseta (Moreau & M. Moreau) Steyaert—they still have great limitations (Griffiths and Swart 1974). In the past, Steyaert (1949) and Guba (1961) divided species with variegated conidia into two groups according to the color of intermediate cells. However, with the development of identification technology, phylogenetic analyses based on multi-gene sequences have shown that classifying species by the color of intermediate cells is unreliable (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014). As a plant pathogen, needle blight caused by Pestalotiopsis is a common disease in young forests and is widespread and seriously detrimental. Li et al. (2024) discovered that Pestalotiopsis jiangsuensis is the pathogen of pinprick disease of P. massoniana. Pestalotiopsis funerea can infect Pinus tabulaeformis Carrière (Huang and He 2000), P. taeda (Huang 2018), P. massoniana (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2014), and other species, causing needle blight. Xu et al. (2017) reported that the pathogen causing needle blight of P. sylvestris L. was Parosela citrina Rydb. Needle blight not only leads to chlorosis of leaves and withering of branches but, in severe cases, can cause death of the entire plant, resulting in serious economic and ecological losses (Orlikowski et al. 2014; Hu et al. 2020; Monteiro et al. 2022). In April and July 2023, needle blight samples of P. massoniana were collected in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province, and Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, respectively. Over time, needle blight of P. massoniana occurred more frequently, and the pathogen spread quickly, resulting in the invasion of more P. massoniana forests. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine the needle blight pathogen of P. massoniana, and its pathogenicity was verified by Koch’s postulates. 97 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Materials and methods Field survey and fungal isolation In April and July 2023, pine needle lesions of P. massoniana were discovered in Liuzhou City and Quanjiao County, respectively. The entire P. massoniana forest was inspected, and samples of diseased needles from five trees were taken to the laboratory for further observation. After macroscopic and microscopic examination of the diseased needles, the healthy and diseased middle parts of the needles were cut with sterile scissors. The surface was disinfected in 70% ethanol for 30 s, in 1% NaClO for 90 s, and then washed three times in sterile water for 90 s each. The pine needle fragments were spread on sterile dry filter paper, dried, and inoculated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 3 days in darkness. The hyphal tips of fungi growing from tissue blocks were cut and transferred to new PDA plates to obtain pure cultures. Morphological identification Colony morphology and pigment production were observed after the culture was grown at 25 °C for 7 days. During this period, the development of fungal spores was monitored daily. The shape and color of acervuli and conidial masses were observed using a Zeiss stereo microscope (SteRo Discovery V20, Oberkochen, Germany). A Zeiss Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) was used to examine the micromorphology of the strains, including the shape, color, and number of appendages of conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. Genomic DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing Genomic DNA of the fungi was extracted from the aerial mycelia of 5-day-old cultures using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Three genomic loci—internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), and partial β-tubulin (TUB2)—were amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), and T1/Bt-2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995; O’Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), respectively. The reaction conditions are shown in Table 1. PCR amplifications were performed in a thermal cycler with a 50-μL reaction volume. Each 50-μL PCR reaction contained 25 μL of Premix TaqTM (Takara Biomedical Technology Company Limited, Beijing, China), 2 μL of forward primer, 2 μL of reverse primer, 2 μL of DNA template, and 19 μL of sterile water. The PCR amplicons were purified and sequenced by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). Phylogenetic analyses Based on partial comparison results from the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database and recent studies on Pestalotiopsis species, reference strains were selected. Neopestalotiopsis protearum (CBS 114178) was designated as the outgroup taxon. Concatenated multilocus data (ITS, TEF1, and TUB2) were used for phylogenetic analyses with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). MAFFT version 7.313 (Katoh and Standley 2013) and BioEdit version 98 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana 7.0.9.0 (Hall 1999) were used to manually align and edit DNA sequences. IQTREE version 1.6.8 (Nguyen et al. 2015) was used to conduct ML analyses on the multilocus alignments. The GTR+F+I+G4 substitution model and bootstrap method were applied, with 1,000 replications to infer phylogenetic relationships. RAxML bootstrap support values were considered significant at ML ≥ 70. Bayesian inference was performed using MrBayes version 3.2.6 (Quaedvlieg et al. 2014) under the GTR+I+G+F model (two parallel runs; 2,000,000 generations). Bayesian posterior probability values were considered significant at PP ≥ 0.90. The phylogenetic tree was constructed in FigTree version 1.4.4 (http:// tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). Genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition analyses SplitsTree version 4.14.6 and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) analysis were used to assess recombination levels among closely related species. The pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was performed, and the new taxon of Pestalotiopsis and its most closely related species were independently evaluated. A PHI value (Φw < 0.05) indicates significant recombination in the dataset. Using the LogDet transform and splits decomposition options, the relationships among closely related species were displayed in a splits diagram. Pathogenicity test The pathogenicity of 10 representative isolates was tested on 33 healthy 2-yearold P. massoniana seedlings. The tested plants were obtained from the Gudong Seedling Base in Hechi, Guangxi, China. Healthy needles of P. massoniana were stabbed with sterile needles, each producing one wound, and conidial suspensions (106 conidia·mL−1) were sprayed evenly on the wounds. Each isolate was inoculated onto three plants, while control plants were sprayed with sterile water. Inoculated and control seedlings were placed in a chamber (1.5 × 1.2 × 1.5 m) equipped with a humidifier (300 mL/h) to maintain relative humidity (RH) at 70%. The chamber was kept in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2 °C and observed continuously for 10 days. All experiments were conducted three times. Results Disease symptoms and fungal isolation In April and July 2023, needle blight of P. massoniana was observed in Liuzhou City and Quanjiao County, showing two distinct symptom types. In Liuzhou, the disease presented as necrotic bands and dead areas, with necrotic bands encircling pine needles of varying sizes. These bands were dry and discolored, not easTable 1. Reaction conditions used in PCR amplification and sequencing. Locus PCR primers (forward/reverse) PCR thermal cycles (annealing temperature in bold) ITS ITS5/ITS4 94 °C: 3 min, (94 °C: 45 s, 55 °C: 45 s, 72 °C: 1 min) ×35 cycles, 72 °C: 10 min TEF1 EF1-728F/EF1-986R 94 °C: 3 min, (94 °C: 45 s, 55 °C: 45 s, 72 °C: 1 min) ×35 cycles, 72 °C: 10 min TUB2 T1/Bt-2b 94 °C: 3 min, (94 °C: 45 s, 56 °C: 60 s, 72 °C: 1 min) ×35 cycles, 72 °C: 10 min 99 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana ily broken, and the pine needles outside the necrotic zones remained green (Fig. 1B), with an incidence rate of approximately 70%. However, in Quanjiao County, the disease symptoms included dead needle tips or upper parts of needles that broke off easily, while the remaining portions of the needles stayed green (Fig. 1A), with an incidence rate of approximately 70%. The two sample sets from Liuzhou City and Quanjiao County were treated separately. Based on colony morphology on PDA and ITS sequence analysis, 183 Pestalotiopsis strains were isolated and identified from the two regions, with isolation frequencies of 91% and 92%, respectively. Ten representative isolates (DB 1-1, DB 1-2, DB 1-3, DB 1-4, DB 1-5, AH 1-1, AH 1-2, AH 1-3, AH 1-4, and AH 1-5) were selected for further study and deposited at the China Forestry Culture Collection Center (CFCC). Phylogenetic analyses The ten representative isolates, together with 163 additional isolates and Neopestalotiopsis protearum CBS 114178 as the outgroup, were included in multilocus phylogenetic analyses using concatenated ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 sequences (Table 2; Fig. 2). A total of 1,801 bp, including gaps, was obtained (ITS = 1–657, TEF1 = 658–1,273, TUB2 = 1,274–1,801). The tree topologies generated from the ML and BI analyses were consistent, with ML bootstrap support values greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) greater than 0.90 shown at the nodes (ML/BI). In the phylogenetic analyses, the ten isolates were clustered into two independent clades (ML/BI = 100/1), which formed a larger branch with four ex-type strains with strong support (ML/BI = 100/1: Pestalotiopsis foliicola CFCC 54440, P. pinicola KUMCC 19-0183, P. suae CGMCC3.23546, and P. rosea MFLUCC 12-0258). DB 1-1, DB 1-2, DB 1-3, DB 1-4, DB 1-5, and P. jiangsuensis CFCC 59538 (ex-type) clustered into a smaller branch with strong support (ML/BI = 100/1), while AH 1-1, AH 1-2, AH 1-3, AH 1-4, and AH 1-5 were placed in a different clade (Fig. 2). Based on the three-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphology, ten strains (DB 1-1, DB 1-2, DB 1-3, DB 1-4, DB 1-5, AH 1-1, AH Figure 1. Symptoms of needle blight of Pinus massoniana found in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province (A), and Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province (B). 100 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana 1-2, AH 1-3, AH 1-4, and AH 1-5) were identified as two different new species of Pestalotiopsis. The PHI test of the new species showed no significant recombination (Φw = 0.704) with their closely related taxa (P. foliicola, P. pinicola, P. suae, P. rosea, and P. jiangsuensis) (Fig. 3) Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Pestalotiopsis isolates DB 1-1, DB 1-2, DB 1-3, DB 1-4, DB 1-5, AH 1-1, AH 1-2, AH 1-3, AH 1-4, and AH 1-5, based on concatenated sequences of ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 regions. RAxML bootstrap support values (ML ≥ 70) and Bayesian posterior probability values (PP ≥ 0.90) are shown at the nodes (ML/PP). Neopestalotiopsis protearum (CBS 114178) was used as the outgroup. Scale bar = 0.04 substitutions per nucleotide position. Sequences from this study are shown in red, and ex-type strains are shown in bold. 99/1 100/0.95 94/- 100/1 -/- 90/0.95 -/1 -/0.97 96/- 97/0.96 95/0.98 100/1 100/1 100/1 100/ -/- 1 97/- 100/0.99 100/ 100/1 1 99/- 99/- 100/0.95 -/ -/- 0.95 100/1 99/1 98/- 100/1 -/- 100/1 97/0.92 -/0.97 100/0.99 97/1 100/1 98/1 92/0.97 94/ 99/1 0.94 100/1 100/1 100/1 -/ 100/1 - 94/0.98 94/- -/0.98 98/1 100/1 -/0.95 100/1 100/1 90/- 92/0.98 93/- 100/1 100/1 92/0.96 100/1 -/- 100/1 100/1 100/1 -/- 100/1 -/- -/1 97/0.99 100/1 100/1 -/- -/- 100/1 -/- 100/1 -/- 100/0.95 -/1 94/1 -/1 100/1 100/1 96/0.98 96/0.99 100/1 91/0.91 97/- 100/1 93/- 100/0.95 -/0.95 -/- 95/0.94 97/0.98 100/1 -/0.98 91/- -/- -/- 100/ 100/1 1 -/1 99/1 95/1 100/ 97/0.91 1 -/- 100/1 99/ 99/0.98 0.99 100/ -/0.96 - 91/0.96 -/- 100/1 99/1 100/1 99/- 90/- -/0.93 99/0.95 100/0.98 99/1 97/0.99 100/1 -/- 100/1 -/- -/0.99 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a n n h h u u i i e e n n s s i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 4 4 7 7 9 9 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g r r e e v v i i l l l l e e a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 2 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s f f o o l l i i i i c c o o l l a a C C F F C C C C 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s f f u u r r c c a a t t a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 0 0 5 5 4 4 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s i i n n f f l l e e x x a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 0 0 Neopestalotiopsis protearum CBS 114178 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c l l a a v v a a t t a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 6 6 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g u u i i y y a a n n g g e e n n s s i i s s C C F F C C C C 7 7 0 0 6 6 2 2 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s t t u u m m i i d d a a C C F F C C C C 5 5 5 5 1 1 5 5 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d i i a a n n e e l l l l a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 4 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 1 1 Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis CFCC 58805 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a l l p p i i n n i i c c o o l l a a H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 6 6 4 4 4 4 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s k k r r a a b b i i e e n n s s i i s s M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 6 6 - - 0 0 2 2 6 6 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s p p a a t t h h u u l l i i a a p p p p e e n n d d i i c c u u l l a a t t a a C C B B S S 1 1 4 4 4 4 0 0 3 3 5 5 Pestalotiopsis olivacea SY17A P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s h h a a a a n n x x i i e e n n s s i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 4 4 9 9 5 5 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d i i p p l l o o c c l l i i s s i i a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 8 8 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s i i t t a a l l i i a a n n a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 6 6 5 5 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s n n a a n n n n i i n n g g e e n n s s i i s s CSUFTCC 10 Pestalotiopsis linguae ZHKUCC22-0160 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s l l i i t t h h o o c c a a r r p p i i C C F F C C C C 5 5 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 Pestalotiopsis rhodomyrtus CFCC 55052 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s l l i i c c u u a a l l a a c c o o l l a a H H G G U U P P 4 4 0 0 5 5 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s l l u u s s h h a a n n e e n n s s i i s s L L C C 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 Pestalotiopsis parva CBS 278.35 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a n n a a c c a a r r d d i i a a c c e e a a r r u u m m I I F F R R D D C C C C 2 2 3 3 9 9 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s h h a a w w a a i i i i e e n n s s i i s s C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 9 9 1 1 Pestalotiopsis cyclosora HJAUP C1724.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s e e r r i i c c a a c c e e a a r r u u m m I I F F R R D D C C C C 2 2 4 4 3 3 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c h h i i a a r r o o s s c c u u r r o o B B R R I I P P 7 7 2 2 9 9 7 7 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c h h a a m m a a e e r r o o p p i i s s C C B B S S 1 1 8 8 6 6 . . 7 7 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p i i n n i i c c o o l l a a K K U U M M C C C C 1 1 9 9 - - 0 0 1 1 8 8 3 3 Pestalotiopsis disseminata CBS 143904 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c y y c c l l o o s s o o r r a a H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 7 7 2 2 4 4 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c h h a a o o y y a a n n g g e e n n s s i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s h h e e d d e e r r a a e e H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 6 6 3 3 8 8 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p a a p p u u a a n n a a C C B B S S 3 3 3 3 1 1 . . 9 9 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a d d u u s s t t a a I I C C M M P P 6 6 0 0 8 8 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d i i v v e e r r s s i i s s e e t t a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 8 8 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s r r o o s s e e a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 258 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s j j i i n n c c h h a a n n g g h h e e n n s s i i s s L L C C 6 6 6 6 3 3 6 6 Pestalotiopsis photiniicola YB28-2 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s n n e e o o lits s e e a a e e NTUCC 1 1 7 7 - - 0 0 1 1 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s j i u e n s i s C F C C 5 9 5 3 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d r r a a c c o o n n t t o o m m e e l l o o n n M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 0 0 - - 0 0 1 1 4 4 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s c c o o p p a a r r i i a a C C B B S S 1 1 7 7 6 6 . . 2 2 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p a a l l l l i i d d o o t t h h e e a a e e M M A A F F F F 2 2 4 4 0 0 9 9 9 9 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c o o l l o o m m b b i i e e n n s s i i s s C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 8 8 5 5 5 5 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s z z h h a a o o q q i i n n g g e e n n s s i i s s Z Z H H K K U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 - - 0 0 8 8 2 2 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d r r a a c c a a e e n n i i c c o o l l a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 8 8 - - 0 0 9 9 1 1 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s f f u u s s o o i i d d e e a a C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p i i n n i i M M E E A A N N 1 1 0 0 9 9 2 2 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s n n o o v v a a e e - - h h o o l l l l a a n n d d i i a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 3 3 0 0 9 9 7 7 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g u u a a n n g g x x i i e e n n s s i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 4 4 3 3 0 0 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s k k a a k k i i K K N N U U - - P P T- - 1804 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c a a m m e e l l l l i i i i c c o o l l a a H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 8 8 0 0 4 4 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s k k a a n n d d e e l l i i c c o o l l a a N N C C Y Y U U C C C C 1 1 9 9 - - 0 0 3 3 5 5 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a p p p p e e n n d d i i c c u u l l a a t t a a C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 2 2 3 3 5 5 5 5 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s f f o o r r m m o o s s a a n n a a N N T T U U C C C C 1 1 7 7 - - 0 0 0 0 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p o o r r t t u u g g a a l l l l i i c c a a C C B B S S 3 3 9 9 3 3 . . 4 4 8 8 Pestalotiopsis machiliana HJAUP C1790.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s f f i i c c i i c c o o l l a a S S A A U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 4 4 6 6 Pestalotiopsis hispanica CBS 115391 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s i i c c h h u u a a n n e e n n s s i i s s C G 8 2 4 4 Pestalotiopsis alpinicola HJAUP C1644.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m e e n n h h a a i i e e n n s s i i s s C G M C C 3 . 1 8 2 5 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s b b i i c c i i l l i i a a t t a a C C B B S S 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 6 6 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s e e t t o o n n e e n n s s i i s s B B R R I I P P 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g i i b b b b o o s s a a N N O O F F 3 3 1 1 7 7 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s t t e e r r r r i i c c o o l l a a C C B B S S 1 1 4 4 1 1 . . 6 6 9 9 Pestalotiopsis gardeniae HJAUP C1729.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s i i n n t t e e r r m m e e d d i i a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 5 5 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s r r o o s s a a r r i i o o i i d d e e s s C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 4 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d a a l l i i e e n n s s i i s s C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 4 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c a a s s t t a a n n o o p p s s i i d d i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s r r h h i i z z o o p p h h o o r r a a e e M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 7 7 - - 0 0 4 4 1 1 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s t t h h a a i i l l a a n n d d i i c c a a M M FLUCC 17- - 1616 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s e e q q u u o o i i a a e e M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 3 3 - - 0 0 3 3 9 9 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s e e r r i i o o b b o o t t r r y y a a e e H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 7 7 4 4 2 2 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c y y c c l l o o b b a a l l a a n n o o p p s s i i d d i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m a a l l a a y y a a n n a a C C B B S S 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s b b r r a a c c h h i i a a t t a a C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 1 1 8 8 1 1 5 5 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a r r c c e e u u t t h h o o b b i i i i C C B B S S 4 4 3 3 4 4 . . 6 6 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g u u i i z z h h o o u u e e n n s s i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 7 7 3 3 6 6 4 4 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s b b r r a a s s s s i i c c a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 7 7 0 0 . . 2 2 6 6 Pestalotiopsis multicolor CFCC 59982 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s j j i i a a n n g g x x i i e e n n s s i i s s L L C C 4 4 3 3 9 9 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s h h o o r r e e a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 3 3 1 1 4 4 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s h h u u m m u u s s C C B B S S 3 3 3 3 6 6 . . 9 9 7 7 Pestalotiopsis vismiae HHL DG P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s t t r r a a c c h h y y c c a a r r p p i i c c o o l l a a I I F F R R D D C C C C 2 2 2 2 4 4 0 0 Pestalotiopsis eleutherococci P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s m a n n n y y y u e y u a n n n a n n n i N N T T U U P P P P M M C C C C 1 1 8 8 - - 1 1 6 6 5 5 Pestalotiopsis manyueyuanani NTUPPMCC 22-012 HMJAU 60190 Pestalotiopsis linguae ZHKUCC22-0159 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m u u l l t t i i c c o o l l o o r r C C F F C C C C 5 5 9 9 9 9 8 8 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s n n a a n n j j i i n n g g e e n n s s i i s s C C S S U U F F T T C C C C 1 1 6 6 Pestalotiopsis shandongensis DLH 2019b P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c a a m m e e l l l l i i a a e e M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c h h a a n n g g j j i i a a n n g g e e n n s s i i s s CFCC 54314 Pestalotiopsis xuefengensis HJHB5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p h h y y l l l l o o s s t t a a c c h h y y d d i i s s Z H K U K U U C C 2 3 - 0 8 7 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s h h y y d d e e i i M M F F L L U U C C C C 2 2 0 0 - - 0 0 1 1 3 3 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p i i r r a a u u b b e e n n s s i i s s C C O O A A D D 2 2 1 1 6 6 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s k k e e n n y y a a n n a a C C B B S S 4 4 4 4 2 2 . . 6 6 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s o o r r y y z z a a e e C C B B S S 3 3 5 5 3 3 . . 6 6 9 9 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p a a n n d d a a n n i i c c o o l l a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 6 6 - - 0 0 2 2 5 5 5 5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s y y a a n n g g l l i i n n g g e e n n s s i i s s L L C C 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s e e n n d d o o p p h h y y t t i i c c a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 8 8 - - 0 0 9 9 3 3 2 2 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d r r a a c c a a e e n n a a e e H H G G U U P P 4 4 0 0 3 3 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s r r h h a a p p h h i i o o l l e e p p i i d d i i s s S S A A U U C C C C 3 3 6 6 7 7 7 7 0 0 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d i i g g i i t t a a l l i i s s M M F F L L U U 1 1 4 4 - - 0 0 2 2 0 0 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m a a c c h h i i l l i i a a n n a a H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 7 7 9 9 0 0 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s t t e e l l o o p p e e a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 6 6 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s k k n n i i g g h h t t i i a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 3 8 8 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c h h i i n n e e n n s s i i s s M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m o o n n o o c c h h a a e e t t a a C C B B S S 1 1 4 4 4 4 . . 9 9 7 7 Pestalotiopsis xuefengensis HJHB1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a g g g g e e s s t t o o r r u u m m L L C C 6 6 3 3 0 0 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a u u s s t t r r a a l l i i s s C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 9 9 3 3 Pestalotiopsis camelliicola HJAUP C1804.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s v v e e r r r r u u c c u u l l o o s s a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 4 4 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a r r e e n n g g a a e e C C B B S S 3 3 3 3 1 1 . . 9 9 2 2 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c a a m m e e l l l l i i a a e e - - j j a a p p o o n n i i c c a a e e Z Z H H K K U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 - - 0 0 8 8 2 2 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c a a n n g g s s h h a a n n e e n n s s i i s s i i C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s l l i i n n e e a a r r i i s s M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p h h o o e e b b e e s s S S A A U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 0 0 0 0 9 9 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s l l e e u u c c a a d d e e n n d d r r i i C C B B S S 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 7 7 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s t t a a x x i i c c o o l l a a C C F F C C C C 5 5 9 9 9 9 7 7 6 6 Pestalotiopsis taxicola CFCC 59978 0.04 100/- Pestalotiopsis eriobotryae HJAUP C1742.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s r r h h o o d d o o d d e e n n d d r r i i I I F F R R D D C C C C 2 2 3 3 9 9 9 9 Pestalotiopsis mangifericola HJAUP C1639.222 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m a a n n g g i i f f e e r r i i c c o o l l a a H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 6 6 3 3 9 9 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s p p y y r r r r o o s s i i a a e e - - l l i i n n g g u u a a e e Z Z H H K K U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 - - 0 0 8 8 0 0 7 7 Pestalotiopsis pyrrosiae-linguae ZHKUCC 23-0808 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s p p a a t t h h o o l l o o b b i i S S A A U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 0 0 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s i i l l v v i i c c o o l l a a C C F F C C C C 5 5 5 5 2 2 9 9 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g a a r r d d e e n n i i a a e e H H J J A A U U P P C C 1 1 7 7 2 2 9 9 . . 2 2 2 2 1 1 Pestalotiopsis camelliae-japonicae ZHKUCC23-0827 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s c c a a m m e e l l l l i i a a e e - - o o l l e e i i f f e e r r a a e e C C S S U U F F T T C C C C 0 0 8 8 Pestalotiopsis ficicrescens CGMCC 3.23471 Pestalotiopsis hederae HJAUP C1638.222 Pestalotiopsis grand-urophylla E-72-04 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a b b i i e e t t i i s s C C F F C C C C 5 5 3 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a u u s s t t r r a a l l a a s s i i a a e e C C B B S S 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 2 6 6 Pestalotiopsis microspora SS1-033I P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s u u a a e e C C G G M M C C C C 3 3 . . 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 4 6 6 Pestalotiopsis jiangsuensis C F CC 59539 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s n n e e g g l l e e c c t t a a T T A A P P 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s d d i i s s t t i i n n c c t t a a L L C C 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t 1 1 i i o o p p s s i i s s s s p p a a t t h h u u l l a a t t a a C C B B S S 3 3 5 5 6 6 . . 8 8 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s g g a a u u l l t t h h e e r r i i a a e e I I F F R R D D 4 4 1 1 1 1 - - 0 0 1 1 4 4 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s m m o o n n t t e e l l l l i i c c a a M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 9 9 Pestalotiopsis changjiangensis CFCC 54433 Pestalotiopsis rhaphiolepidis SAUCC367702 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s u u n n i i c c o o l l o o r r M M F F L L U U C C C C 1 1 2 2 - - 0 0 2 2 7 7 6 6 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s h h o o l l l l a a n n d d i i c c a a C C B B S S 2 2 6 6 5 5 . . 3 3 3 3 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s s s o o l l i i c c o o l l a a S S A A U U C C C C 0 0 0 0 3 3 8 8 0 0 4 4 Pestalotiopsis solicola SAUCC003806 D D B B 1 1 - - 1 1 DB 1-2 DB 1-3 DB 1-4 DB 1-5 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s n n a a n n n n u u o o e e n n s s i i s s S S A A U U C C C C 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 3 3 Pestalotiopsis nannuoensis A A H H 1 1 - - 1 1 AH 1-2 AH 1-3 AH 1-4 AH 1-5 SAUCC232204 P P e e s s t t a a l l o o t t i i o o p p s s i i s s a a p p o o r r o o s s a a e e - - d d i i o o i i c c a a e e S S A A U U C C C C 2 2 2 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 4 4 Pestalotiopsis aporosae-dioicae SAUCC224005 100/0.98 -/- 100/1 -/- 100/0.95 101 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Table 2. Host, origin, and GenBank accession numbers of strains of Pestalotiopsis species used for phylogenetic analyses. Species Strain numberbHost Origin GenBank accession numberc ITS TUB2 TEF Pestalotiopsis abietis CFCC 53011TAbies fargesii China MK397013 MK622280 MK622277 P. adusta ICMP 6088TPrunus cerasus Fiji JX399006 JX399037 JX399070 P. aggestorum LC6301TCamellia sinensis China KX895015 KX895348 KX895234 P. alpinicola HJAUP C1644.221TAlpinia zerumbet China PP962274 PP952219 PP952249 P. alpinicola HJAUP C1644.222 Alpinia zerumbet China PP962275 PP952220 PP952248 P. anacardiacearum IFRDCC 2397TMangifera indica China KC247154 KC247155 KC247156 P. anhuiensis CFCC 54791TCyclobalanopsis glauca China ON007028 ON005056 ON005045 P. aporosae-dioicae SAUCC224004TAporosa dioica China OR733506 OR912985 OR912988 P. aporosae-dioicae SAUCC224005 Aporosa dioica China OR733505 OR912986 OR912989 P. appendiculate CGMCC 3.23550TRhododendron decorum China OP082431 OP185516 OP185509 P. arengae CBS 331.92TArenga undulatifolia Singapore KM199340 KM199426 KM199515 P. arceuthobii CBS 434.65TArceuthobium campylopodum USA KM199341 KM199427 KM199516 P. australasiae CBS 114126TKnightia sp. New Zealand KM199297 KM199409 KM199499 P. australis CBS 114193TGrevillea sp. Australia KM199332 KM199383 KM199475 P. biciliate CBS 124463TPlatanus × hispanica Slovakia KM199308 KM199399 KM199505 P. brachiate CGMCC 3.18151TRhizophora apiculata Thailand MK764274 MK764340 MK764318 P. brassicae CBS 170.26TBrassica napus New Zealand KM199379 -KM199558 P. camelliae MFLUCC 12-0277TCamellia japonica China JX399010 JX399041 JX399074 P. camelliae-japonicae ZHKUCC23-0826TCamellia japonica China OR258040 OR251483 OR251480 P. camelliae-japonicae ZHKUCC23-0827 Camellia japonica China OR258041 OR251484 OR251481 P. camelliae-oleiferae CSUFTCC 08TCamellia oleifera China OK493593 OK562368 OK507963 P. camelliicola HJAUP C1804.221TCamellia japonica China PP962357 PP952229 PP952236 P. camelliicola HJAUP C1804.222 Camellia japonica China PP962358 PP952230 PP952235 P. cangshanensis CGMCC 3.23544TRhododendron delavayi China OP082426 OP185517 OP185510 P. castanopsidis CFCC 54430TCastanopsis lamontii China OK339732 OK358508 OK358493 P. chamaeropis CBS 186.71TChamaerops humilis Italy KM199326 KM199391 KM199473 P. changjiangensis CFCC 54314TCastanopsis tonkinensis China OK339739 OK358515 OK358500 P. changjiangensis CFCC 54433 Castanopsis tonkinensis China OK339740 OK358516 OK358501 P. chaoyangensis CFCC 55549TEuonymus japonicus China OQ344763 OQ410584 OQ410582 P. chaoyangensis CFCC 58805 Euonymus japonicus China OQ344764 OQ410585 OQ410583 P. chiaroscuro BRIP 72970TSporobolus natalensis Australia OK422510 - - P. chinensis MFLUCC 12-0273TTaxus sp. China JX398995 - - P. clavate MFLUCC 12-0268TBuxus sp. China JX398990 JX399025 JX399056 P. colombiensis CBS 118553TEucalyptus urograndis Colombia KM199307 KM199421 KM199488 P. cyclobalanopsidis CFCC 54328TCyclobalanopsis glauca China OK339735 OK358511 OK358496 P. cyclosora HJAUP C1724.221TCyclosorus interruptus China PP962279 PP952221 PP952247 P. cyclosora HJAUP C1724.222 Cyclosorus interruptus China PP962280 PP952222 PP952246 P. daliensis CGMCC 3.23548TRhododendron decorum China OP082429 OP185511 OP185518 P. dianellae CBS 143421TDianella sp.Australia MG386051 MG386164 - P. digitalis MFLU 14-0208TDigitalis purpurea New Zealand KP781879 KP781883 - P. diploclisiae CBS 115587TDiploclisia glaucescens China KM199320 KM199419 KM199486 P. disseminate CBS 143904 Persea americana New Zealand MH554152 MH554825 MH554587 P. distincta LC3232TCamellia sinensis China KX894961 KX895293 KX895178 P. diversiseta MFLUCC12-0287TRhododendron sp. China JX399009 JX399040 JX399073 P. dracaenae HGUP 4037TDracaena fragrans China MT596515 MT598645 MT598644 P. dracaenicola MFLUCC 18-0913TDracaena sp. Thailand MN962731 MN962733 MN962732 P. dracontomelon MFLUCC 10-0149TDracontomelon dao Thailand KP781877 -KP781880 P. eleutherococci HMJAU 60190 Eleutherococcus brachypus China OL996127 OL898722 - P. endophytica MFLUCC 18-0932TMagnolia garrettii Thailand MW263946 -MW417119 P. ericacearum IFRDCC 2439TRhododendron delavayi China KC537807 KC537821 KC537814 102 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Species Strain numberbHost Origin GenBank accession numberc ITS TUB2 TEF P. eriobotryae HJAUP C1742.221TEriobotrya japonica China PP962289 PP952227 PP952238 P. eriobotryae HJAUP C1742.222 Eriobotrya japonica China PP962291 PP952228 PP952237 P. etonensis BRIP 66615TSporobolus jacquemontii Australia MK966339 MK977634 MK977635 P. ficicola SAUCC230046TFicus microcarpa China OQ691974 OQ718749 OQ718691 P. ficicrescens CGMCC 3.23471 Oleaceae China OR381055 OR247980 OR361455 P. foliicola CFCC 54440TCastanopsis faberi China ON007029 ON005057 ON005046 P. formosana NTUCC 17-009TNeolitsea villosa China MH809381 MH809385 MH809389 P. furcate MFLUCC 12-0054TCamellia sinensis Thailand JQ683724 JQ683708 JQ683740 P. fusoidea CGMCC 3.23545TRhododendron delavayi China OP082427 OP185519 OP185512 P. gardenia HJAUP C1729.221TGardenia jasminoides China PP962285 PP952225 PP952241 P. gardenia HJAUP C1729.222 Gardenia jasminoides China PP962286 PP952226 PP952240 P. gaultheriae IFRD 411-014TGaultheria forrestii China KC537805 KC537819 KC537812 P. gibbosa NOF 3175TGaultheria shallon Canada LC311589 LC311590 LC311591 P. grandis-urophylla E72-04 Eucalyptus grandis Brazil KU926710 KU926718 KU926714 P. grevilleae CBS 114127TGrevillea sp. Australia KM199300 KM199407 KM199504 P. guangxiensis CFCC 54308TQuercus griffithii China OK339737 OK358513 OK358498 P. guiyangensis CFCC 70626TEriobotrya japonica China PP784740 PP842617 PP842629 P. guizhouensis CFCC 57364TCyclobalanopsis glauca China ON007035 ON005063 ON005052 P. hawaiiensis CBS 114491TLeucospermum sp. USA KM199339 KM199428 KM199514 P. hederae HJAUP C1638.221THedera helix China PP962270 PP952252 PP952234 P. hederae HJAUP C1638.222 Hedera helix China PP962271 PP952216 - P. hispanica CBS 115391 Eucalyptus globulus Portugal MW794107 MW802840 MW805399 P. hollandica CBS 265.33TSciadopitys verticillata Netherlands KM199328 KM199388 KM199481 P. humus CBS 336.97TSoil Papua New Guinea KM199317 KM199420 KM199484 P. hydei MFLUCC 20-0135TLitsea petiolata Thailand MW266063 MW251112 MW251113 P. inflexa MFLUCC 12-0270TUnidentified tree China JX399008 JX399039 JX399072 P. intermedia MFLUCC 12-0259TUnidentified tree China JX398993 JX399028 JX399059 P. italiana MFLUCC 12-0657TCupressus glabra Italy KP781878 KP781882 KP781881 P. jiangsuensis CFCC 59538TPinus massoniana China OR533577 OR539191 OR539186 P. jiangsuensis CFCC 59539 Pinus massoniana China OR533578 OR539192 OR539187 P. jiangxiensis LC4399TCamellia sp. China KX895009 KX895341 KX895227 P. jinchanghensis LC6636TCamellia sinensis China KX895028 KX895361 KX895247 P. kaki KNU-PT-1804TDiospyros kaki Korea LC552953 LC552954 LC553555 P. kandelicola NCYUCC 19-0355TKandelia candel China MT560723 MT563100 MT563102 P. kendrickii AH 1-1T Pinus massoniana China PP764798 PP764175 PP764170 AH 1-2 PP764799 PP764176 PP764171 AH 1-3 PP764800 PP764177 PP764172 AH 1-4 PP764801 PP764178 PP764173 AH 1-5 PP764802 PP764179 PP764174 P. kenyana CBS 442.67TCoffea sp. Kenya KM199302 KM199395 KM199502 P. knightiae CBS 114138TKnightia sp. New Zealand KM199310 KM199408 KM199497 P. krabiensis MFLUCC 16-0260TPandanus sp. Thailand MH388360 MH412722 MH388395 P. leucadendri CBS 121417TLeucadendron sp. South Africa MH553987 MH554654 MH554412 P. licualacola HGUP4057TLicuala grandis China KC492509 KC481683 KC481684 P. linearis MFLUCC 12-0271TTrachelospermum sp. China JX398992 JX399027 JX399058 P. linguae ZHKUCC 22-0159 Pyrrosia lingua China OP094104 OP186108 OP186110 P. linguae ZHKUCC 22-0160 Pyrrosia lingua China OP094103 OP186107 OP186109 P. lithocarpi CFCC 55100TLithocarpus chiungchungensis China OK339742 OK358518 OK358503 P. liuzhouensis DB 1-1T Pinus massoniana China PP766224 PP764185 PP764180 DB 1-2 PP766225 PP764186 PP764181 DB 1-3 PP766226 PP764187 PP764182 103 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Species Strain numberbHost Origin GenBank accession numberc ITS TUB2 TEF P. liuzhouensis DB 1-4 Pinus massoniana China PP766227 PP764188 PP764183 DB 1-5 PP766228 PP764189 PP764184 P. lushanensis LC4344TCamelia sp. China KX895005 KX895337 KX895223 P. machiliana HJAUP C1790.221TMachilus pauhoi China PP962355 PP952214 PP952253 P. machiliana HJAUP C1790.222 Machilus pauhoi China PP962356 PP952215 PP952254 P. malayana CBS 102220TMacaranga triloba Malaysia KM199306 KM199411 KM199482 P. mangifericola HJAUP C1639.221TMangifera indica China PP962272 PP952217 PP952251 P. mangifericola HJAUP C1639.222 Mangifera indica China PP962273 PP952218 PP952250 P. manyueyuanani NTUPPMCC 18165TOphiocordyceps sp. China OR125060 OR126306 OR126313 P. manyueyuanani NTUPPMCC 22-012 Ophiocordyceps sp. China OR125061 OR126307 OR126314 P. menhaiensis CGMCC 3.18250TCamellia sinensis China KU252272 KU252488 KU252401 P. microspora SS1-033I Cornus canadensis Canada MT644300 - - P. monochaeta CBS 144.97TQuercus robur Netherlands KM199327 KM199386 KM199479 P. montellica MFLUCC12-0279TFagraea bodeni China JX399012 JX399043 JX399076 P. multicolor CFCC 59981TChinese yew China OQ626676 OQ714336 OQ714341 P. multicolor CFCC 59982 Chinese yew China OQ771896 OQ779488 OQ779483 P. nanjingensis CSUFTCC 16TCamellia oleifera China OK493602 OK562377 OK507972 P. nanningensis CSUFTCC 10TCamellia oleifera China OK493596 OK562371 OK507966 P. nannuoensis SAUCC232203TChina OR733504 OR912991 OR863909 P. nannuoensis SAUCC232204 - China OR733503 OR912992 OR863910 P. neglecta TAP1100TQuercus myrsinaefolia Japan AB482220 LC311599 LC311600 P. neolitseae NTUCC 17-011TNeolitsea villosa China MH809383 MH809387 MH809391 P. novae-hollandiae CBS 130973TBanksia grandis Australia KM199337 KM199425 KM199511 P. olivacea SY17A Pinus armandii China EF055215 EF055251 - P. oryzae CBS 353.69TOryza sativa Denmark KM199299 KM199398 KM199496 P. pallidotheae MAFF 240993TPieris japonica Japan AB482220 LC311584 LC311585 P. pandanicola MFLUCC 16-0255TPandanus sp. Thailand MH388361 MH412723 MH388396 P. papuana CBS 331.96TCoastal soil Papua New Guinea KM199321 KM199413 KM199491 P. parva CBS 278.35 Leucothoe fontanesiana Thailand KM199313 KM199405 KM199509 P. phoebes SAUCC230093TPhoebe zhenna China OQ692028 OQ718803 OQ718745 P. photinicola YB28-2 Mango China MK228997 MK360938 MK512491 P. phyllostachydis ZHKUCC 23-0873TChina OR343210 OR367676 OR367675 P. pini MEAN 1092TPinus pinea Portugal MT374680 MT374705 MT374693 P. pinicola KUMCC 19-0183TPinus armandii China MN412636 MN417507 MN417509 P. piraubensis COAD 2165TPsidium guajava Brazil MH627381 MH643773 MH643774 P. portugallica CBS 393.48T-Portugal KM199335 KM199422 KM199510 P. pyrrosiae-linguae ZHKUCC 23-0807TPyrrosia lingua China OR199902 OR259258 OR259260 P. pyrrosiae-linguae ZHKUCC 23-0808 Pyrrosia lingua China OR199903 OR259259 OR259261 P. rhaphiolepidis SAUCC367701TRhaphiolepis indica China OR733502 OR863906 OR912994 P. rhaphiolepidis SAUCC367702 Rhaphiolepis indica China OR733501 OR863907 OR912995 P. rhizophorae MFLUCC 17-0416TRhizophora apiculata Thailand MK764283 MK764349 MK764327 P. rhododendri IFRDCC 2399TRhododendron sinogrande China KC537804 KC537818 KC537811 P. rhodomyrtus CFCC 55052 Cyclobalanopsis augustinii China OM746311 OM839984 OM840083 P. rosarioides CGMCC 3.23549TRhododendron decorum China OP082430 OP185513 OP185520 P. rosea MFLUCC 12-0258TPinus sp. China JX399005 JX399036 JX399069 P. scoparia CBS 176.25TChamaecyparis sp. China KM199330 KM199393 KM199478 P. sequoia MFLUCC 13-0399TSequoia sempervirens Italy KX572339 - - P. shaanxiensis CFCC 54958TQuercus variabilis China ON007026 ON005054 ON005043 P. shandongensis DLH 2019a Rosa chinensis China MN625276 MN626730 MN626741 P. shorea MFLUCC 12-0314TShorea obtusa Thailand KJ503811 KJ503814 KJ503817 P. sichuanensis CGMCC 3.18244TCamellia sinensis China KX146689 KX146807 KX146748 110 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana can infect P. massoniana, causing pine foliage to turn gray and wither. As an endophyte, Pestalotiopsis is typically nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic to plant hosts (Watanabe et al. 2010). Several reported endophytic Pestalotiopsis species can produce secondary metabolites with great potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry (Xu et al. 2010; Xu et al. 2014). For example, Strobel et al. (1996) isolated a strain of P. microspora from the bark of Taxus chinensis, which produces paclitaxel, an anticancer drug. Pestalotiopsis microspora has also been shown to produce another secondary metabolite with antifungal and antioxidant activities (Strobel et al. 2002). Shimada et al. (2001) isolated two plant growth regulators from the culture filtrate of P. theae. Yang and Li (2013) isolated the endophyte P. foedan from Nelumbo nucifera, whose fermentation broth produces a compound with moderate activity against tumor cell lines. Species of Pestalotiopsis are recognized as a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds and continue to show great potential for future development (Monden et al. 2013). Interestingly, the pathogen causing needle blight of P. massoniana is not static. In 1980, Qiu et al. (1980) first discovered that the pathogen of P. massoniana needle blight was P. funerea, but Li et al. (2024) later identified another pathogen responsible for the same disease. Currently, two additional pathogens have been identified, indicating that pathogens of the same genus can exhibit diversity even on the same host. We suspect that the pathogen responsible for pinprick blight of P. massoniana may vary across regions, possibly due to geographical and environmental factors. Future research should expand the scope of investigation to better understand the relationships among these pathogens. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Michelle Salvas for reviewing the manuscript. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Use of AI No use of AI was reported. Funding This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1401005). Author contributions Conceptualization, L.-H.Z.; methodology, H.L., J.-Y.X. and Y.-Q.B.; software, H.L.; validation, H.L.; formal analysis, H.L.; investigation, L.-H.Z.; resources, L.-H.Z.; data curation, H.L.; writing—original draft preparation, H.L.; writing—review and editing, D.-W.L.; visualization, H.L.; supervision, D.-W.L.; project administration, L.-H.Z.; funding acquisition, L.-H.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript 111 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Author ORCIDs Hui Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-3106 De-Wei Li https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-1692 Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text. References Barr ME (1975) The genus Ostreichnion. Mycotaxon 3: 81–88. https://doi. org/10.5962/p.413961 Bate-Smith EC, Metcalfe CR (1957) Leucanthocyanins. 3. The nature and systematic distribution of tannin in dicotyledonous plants. The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 55(362): 669–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1957. tb00030.x Bloomberg WJ (1971) Diseases of Douglas-fir seedlings caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology 61: 467–470. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-61-467 Carbone I, Kohn LM (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91(3): 553–556. https://doi. org/10.2307/3761358 Crous PW, Summerell BA, Swart L (2011) Fungal pathogens of Proteaceae. Persoonia 27: 20–45. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158511X606239 Espinoza JG, Briceño EX, Keith LM, Latorre BA (2008) Canker and twig dieback of blueberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and a Truncatella sp. in Chile. Plant Disease 92(10): 1407–1414. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-92-10-1407 Fu LY (1989) A newly discovered disease of Pinus massoniana in this province. Hunan Forestry Science and Technology (04): 34–35. Glass NL, Donaldson GC (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61(4): 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1002/ bit.260460112 Griffiths DA, Swart HJ (1974) Conidial structure in two species of Pestalotiopsis. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 62(2): 295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00071536(74)80038-0 Guba EF (1961) Monograph of Pestalotia and Monochaetia. Harvard University Press, 342 pp. Hall TA (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41(41): 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008 He L, Zhao C, Yan M, Zhang LY, Xia YZ (2009) Inhibition of P-glycoprotein function by procyanidine on blood-brain barrier. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 23(7): 933–937. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2781 Hu HL, Jeewon R, Zhou DQ, Zhou TX, Hyde KD (2007) Phylogenetic diversity of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species in Pinus armandii and Ribes spp.: Evidence from rDNA and β-tubulin gene phylogenies. Fungal Diversity 24: 1–22. Hu RR, Liang J, Xie X, Zhang YJ, Zhang XY (2020) Incidence of pine needle blight and its relationship with site factors of Japanese red pine forests in the Kunyushan Mountains, East China. Global Ecology and Conservation 22: e00922. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00922 112 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Huang GF (2018) The best method of comprehensive control of loblolly pine blight and defoliation by exploring suspected pine wood nematode disease. Flowers 12: 364– 368. Huang Q, He JS (2000) Identification and biological characteristics of pathogen of Pinus tabulaeformis blight. Sichuan Linye Keji 21(3): 28–30. https://doi.org/10.16779/j. cnki.1003-5508.2000.03.008 Jeewon R, Liew ECY, Hyde KD (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of Pestalotiopsis and allied genera inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences and morphological characters. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25(3): 378–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1055-7903(02)00422-0 Jeewon R, Liew ECY, Simpson JA, Hodgkiss IJ, Hyde KD (2003) Phylogenetic significance of morphological characters in the taxonomy of Pestalotiopsis species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27(3): 372–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1055-7903(03)00010-1 Kang B, Liu SR, Zhang GG, Chang JG, Wen YG, Ma JM, Hao WF (2006) Carbon accumulation and distribution in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest ecosystem in Daqingshan, Guangxi, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica 26: 1320–1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2032(06)60024-3 Karaca GH, Erper İ (2001) First report of Pestalotiopsis guepinii causing twig blight on hazelnut and walnut in Turkey. Plant Pathology 50: 415–415. https://doi.org/10.1046/ j.1365-3059.2001.00580.x Katoh K, Standley DM (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30(4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010 Lee S, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ (2006) Pestalotioid fungi from Restionaceae in the Cape Floral Kingdom. Studies in Mycology 55: 175–187. https://doi.org/10.3114/ sim.55.1.175 Li WH, Jing Y, Yang JX (1995) Study on pine Nneedle rust disease of Pinus massoniana in the Qinba Mountain area. Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao (04): 21–26. Li GQ, Wu WX, Lu LQ, Chen BY, Chen SF (2023) Characterization of Pseudofusicoccum species from diseased plantation-grown Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus spp., and Pinus massoniana in Southern China. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 12(4): 574. https:// doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040574 Li H, Peng BY, Xie JY, Bai YQ, Li DW, Zhu LH (2024) Pestalotiopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov. causing needle blight on Pinus massoniana in China. Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10030230 Liang QX, Pan FY, Li DX (2002) Regularity of outbreak and control techniques of Pinus massoniana cercospora needle blight. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology 4: 64–65+84. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2002.04.018 Liu AR, Chen SC, Wu SY, Xu T, Guo LD, Jeewon R, Wei JG (2010) Cultural studies coupled with DNA based sequence analyses and its implication on pigmentation as a phylogenetic marker in Pestalotiopsis taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(2): 528–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.017 Liu QH, Zhou ZC, Wei YC, Shen DY, Feng ZP, Hong SP (2015) Genome-wide identification of differentially expressed genes associated with the high yielding of oleoresin in secondary xylem of masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) by transcriptomic analysis. PLOS ONE 10(7): e0132624. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132624 Lu JY, Chen H, Yang ZQ, Sun S, Luo QF, Xie JK, Tan JH (2022) Physiological and molecular mechanisms of the response of roots of Pinus massoniana Lamb. to low-tem- 113 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana perature stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 954324. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpls.2022.954324 Luo X, Yu C (2020) First report of damping-off disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Pinus massoniana in China. Plant Disease 127: 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s41348-020-00303-3 Maharachchikumbura SSN, Guo LD, Chukeatirote E, Ekachai C, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD (2011) Pestalotiopsis-morphology, phylogeny, biochemistry and diversity. Fungal Diversity 50: 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0125-x Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Groenewald JZ, Xu J, Crous PW (2014) Pestalotiopsis revisited. Studies in Mycology 79: 121–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.005 Monden Y, Yamamoto S, Yamakawa R, Sunada A, Asari S, Makimura K, Inoue Y (2013) First case of fungal keratitis caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora. Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 7: 2261–2264. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s48732 Monteiro P, Gonçalves MFM, Pinto G, Silva B, Martín-García J, Diez JJ, Alves A (2022) Three novel species of fungi associated with pine species showing needle blight-like disease symptoms. European Journal of Plant Pathology 162: 183–202. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10658-021-02395-5 Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, von Haeseler A, Minh BQ (2015) IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32(1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300 O’Donnell K, Cigelnik E (1997) Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 7(1): 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1006/MPEV.1996.0376 Orlikowski LB, Ptaszek M, Warabieda W (2014) Occurrence and harmfulness of Pestalotiopsis funerea to ornamental coniferous plants. Progress in Plant Protection 54(1): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.14199/ppp-2014-005 Qiu DX, Tan SB, Wu JC (1980) Preliminary study on red blight of Pinus massoniana. Forest Science (03): 203–207. Quaedvlieg W, Binder M, Groenewald JZ, Summerell BA, Carnegie AJ, Burgess TI, Crous PW (2014) Introducing the consolidated species concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 33: 1–400. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158514X681981 Shimada A, Takahashi I, Kawano T, Kimura Y (2001) Chloroisosulochrin, chloroisosulochrin dehydrate, and pestheic acid, plant growth regulators, produced by Pestalotiopsis theae. Journal of Biosciences 56b: 797–803. https://doi.org/10.1515/znb2001-0813 [Z Naturforsch] Steyaert RL (1949) Contribution à l’étude monographique de Pestalotia de Not. et Monochaetia Sacc. (Truncatella gen. nov. et Pestalotiopsis gen. nov.). Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État a Bruxelles 19(3): 285–347. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666710 Strobel GA, Yang X, Sears J, Kramer R, Sidhu RS, Hess WM (1996) Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana. Microbiology 142(Pt 2): 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1099/13500872-142-2-435 Strobel G, Ford E, Worapong J, Harper JK, Arif AM, Grant DM, Fung PCW, Chau RMW (2002) Isopestacin, an isobenzofuranone from Pestalotiopsis microspora, possessing antifungal and antioxidant activities. Phytochemistry 60(2): 179–183. https://doi. org/10.1002/chin.200238224 Sutton BC (1980) The Coelomycetes. Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0007-1536(81)80170-2 114 MycoKeys 125: 95–114 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.125.168320 Hui Li et al.: New Pestalotiopsis species on Pinus massoniana Tejesvi MV, Tamhankar SA, Kini KR, Rao VS, Prakash HS (2009) Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees. Fungal Diversity 38: 167–183. Tint H (1945) Studies in the Fusarium damping-off of conifers. I. The comparative virulence of certain Fusaria. Phytopathology 35: 421–439. Watanabe K, Motohashi K, Ono Y (2010) Description of Pestalotiopsis pallidotheae: A new species from Japan. Mycoscience 51: 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10267-009-0025-z White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA (Ed.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, 315–322. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 Wu SX, Wu J, Wang Y, Qu YF, He Y, Wang JY, Cheng JH, Zhang LQ, Cheng CH (2022) Discovery of entomopathogenic fungi across geographical regions in southern China on pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus and implication for multi-pathogen vectoring potential of this beetle. Frontiers in Plant Science 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpls.2022.1061520 Xu J, Ebada SS, Proksch P (2010) Pestalotiopsis a highly creative genus: Chemistry and bioactivity of secondary metabolites. Fungal Diversity 44(1): 15–31. https://doi. org/10.1007/s13225-010-0055-z Xu J, Yang X, Lin Q (2014) Chemistry and biology of Pestalotiopsis-derived natural products. Fungal Diversity 66: 37–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0288-3 Xu Y, Ren HT, Wang P, Zhao HX, Song YQ, Yu QF, Liu XF (2017) Pathogenic fungi of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica red blight. Xibu Linye Kexue 46(01): 91–95. https://doi. org/10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2017.01.017 Yang XL, Li ZZ (2013) New spiral γ-lactone enantiomers from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis foedan. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 18(2): 2236–2242. https:// doi.org/10.3390/molecules18022236 Yang Z, Xia H, Tan J, Feng Y, Huang Y (2020) Selection of superior families of Pinus massoniana in southern China for large-diameter construction timber. Journal of Forestry Research 31(2): 475–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-018-0815-2 Zhang YM, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Wei JG, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD (2012) Pestalotiopsis camelliae, a new species associated with grey blight of Camellia japonica in China. Sydowia 64(2): 335–344. Zhuang WY (2001) Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon, Ltd., Ithaca, New York, USA.