Additional new species of marine annelids from Clipperton Island (Nereididae: Pilargidae: Sabellariidae)

1 European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1026.3103 europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu ISSN 2118-9773 2025 · Salazar-Vallejo S.I. & de León-González J.A. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) Received: 13 March 2025 • Accepted 12 August 2025 • Published: 10 November 2025 Topic editor: Magalie Castelin • Section editor: Nalaliya Budaeva • Desk editor: Eva-Maria Levermann Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B164F61F-7808-4B00-9E23-7FFDFD4E45C6 Additional new species of marine annelids from Clipperton Island (Nereididae: Pilargidae: Sabellariidae) Sergio I. SALAZAR-VALLEJO 1,*  & J. Angel DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ 2  1 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México. 2 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biosistemática, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] Abstract. We herein present three additional new species of marine annelids collected during the Expédition Clipperton (Dec. 2004–Apr. 2005). A new species of nereidid polychaete, Perinereis hourdezi sp. nov. differs from P. websteri Conde-Vela, 2022, described from Bermuda, by having most parapodia with neuropodial postchaetal lobes (missing in P. websteri), jaws with up to 5 teeth (up to 10 in P. websteri), and Areas VII–VIII with 24 paragnanths in 3 regular bands (16 paragnaths in 2 rows in P. websteri). A new species of pilargid polychaete, Synelmis meziane sp. nov. differs from S. kirkegaardi Salazar-Vallejo, 2003 described from the Eastern Atlantic, because it has median segments with parapodial cirri fusiform mucronate (tapered in S. kirkegaardi), and ventral cirri 2 × as long as wide (as long as wide in S. kirkegaardi). A new species of sabellariid polychaete, Lygdamis mariae sp. nov. differs from L. nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1919) described from the Tuamotu Islands because it has outer paleae solid (annulate in L. nesiotes), and 14 pairs of inner paleae (17 in L. nesiotes). Keys to identify all species of group 1A (Hutchings et al. 1991) of Perinereis, and to all species in Synelmis and Lygdamis are also included. Keywords. Perinereis, Lygdamis, Synelmis, oceanic islands, morphology. Salazar-Vallejo S.I. & de León-González J.A. 2025. Additional new species of marine annelids from Clipperton Island (Nereididae: Pilargidae: Sabellariidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1026.3103 Introduction Oceanic islands have been attractive for marine scientists since Darwin’s and Dana’s early studies on coral reefs (Johnson et al. 2018). Because of their isolation, the study of their fauna stimulated research onendemismandextinctions;oneofthefirstexplanationsincludedtheeffectoftheextentofsea surface temperature decline during the Pleistocene, such Southern Hemisphere islands supposedly had less temperature variations and higher endemism (Briggs 1966). However, after a closer examination European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 2 of several faunistic groups, ocean currents, and dispersal capabilities, McDowall (1968) concluded that endemism should also depend on distance, dispersal and ocean currents. There are further complications and the study of these processes led to the MacArthur and Wilson theory of island biogeography in 1967. Once the geologic dynamics are taken into account, the contemporary complexities for the biota of islands require further efforts in conservation and management (Matthews & Triantis 2021). Among the marine invertebrates, the molluscs are one of the best studied throughout the world. However, one of the most intriguing issues is in the proportion of gastropods to bivalves in different localities; for example, there are 69% gastropod species and 31% bivalve species in tropical continental islands, and thesefiguresbecome83%forgastropodsand17%forbivalvesintropicaloceanicislands(Kohn1971). This variation must depend on a reduction of available substrates in oceanic islands, because both groups havesimilardispersalcapabilities.Formarineannelids,wedonothavesuchfineanalysismostlybecause there are no similar collecting efforts for all groups of marine invertebrates, which usually concentrate on one or a few groups at a time. Recent French expeditions differ by trying to collect everything from any selected locality they wish to study.ClippertonIsland(10°17´N,109°13´W)isintheEasterntropicalPacific,1280kmoffWestern Mexico, and is a low-relief atoll with a rock outcrop 29 m high, and an inner closed lagoon (Charpy et al. 2010). Not surprisingly, the “Expédition Clipperton” organized by Jean-Louis Etienne, and visiting the island from December 2004 to April 2005 has been regarded as “the most serious effort to assess the molluscan fauna of Clipperton” (Kaiser 2007: 8–9). The complete volume of the expedition (Charpy 2009) includes information for many different subjects and biological groups. As indicated elsewhere (Salazar-Vallejo 2022), the marine annelids were collected by French and Mexican colleagues. The French collection was deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, and was made available for study, and in two articles, an iphionid, widely distributed species (Piotrowski et al. 2023), and new hesionid and phyllodocid species (Salazar-Vallejo 2022) were documented. Nereidids are among the most common marine annelids in intertidal and subtidal substrates; most are free-living, and a few can build some tubes among algae (de León-González et al. 2021). Pilargids are rarely abundant and most species live in soft bottoms (Salazar-Vallejo & Rizzo 2021). Sabellariids live always attached to hard substrates, usually in mixed shores, although some have been seldom found living on other marine organisms (Chávez-López & Bastida-Zavala 2021). Solís-Weiss & Hernández-Alcántara (2009) reported 23 species from Clipperton Island. Among the families covered in this contribution, they listed Perinereis sp. with small, damaged specimens, no pilargids, and three specimens of one sabellariid species, Lygdamis nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1919). Dean et al. (2012) reported 106 species from Cocos Island, Costa Rica, including eight species of nereidids (no Perinereis Kinberg, 1865), one pilargid, Synelmis gorgonensis (Monro, 1933), and among sabellariids, they reported an undescribed species of Gesaia Kirtley, 1994. In this contribution, we present some new species belonging to the Nereididae de Blainville, 1818, Pilargidae de Saint-Joseph, 1899, and Sabellariidae Johnston, 1865; three new species are described: Perinereis hourdezi sp. nov. (Nereididae), Synelmis mezianei sp. nov. (Pilargidae), and Lygdamis mariae sp. nov. (Sabellariidae). Keys are included to identify all species of group 1A of Perinereis, and all species of Synelmis Chamberlin, 1919 and Lygdamis Kinberg, 1867. SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 3 Material and methods Specimens were collected by hand during the J.-L.-Étienne Expedition to Clipperton Island in 2005. Specimenswerefixedinaformalinsea-watersolution,andafterremovalofexcessfixative,werestored in 80% ethanol. Temporal staining with Methyl green or Shirlastain-A was used to improve visibility of some features. Series of digital photographs were compressed with HeliconFocus. Type material is deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, México (ECOSUR), and the Laboratorio de Biosistemática, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL). The descriptions of the species follow Teixeira et al. (2025) for nereidids, Salazar-Vallejo (2003) for pilargids, and Capa et al. (2015) for sabellariids. For the latter, opercular paleae were removed completely from the muscular peduncle for measuring their angle or inner features; complete parapodia were removed from the second parathoracic chaetiger and from a thoracic chaetiger for observing chaetae. Other sabellariid features are compiled in Table 1. Results Taxonomy Class Polychaeta Grube, 1850 Subclass Errantia Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1832 Order Phyllodocida Dales, 1962 Suborder Nereidiformia Fauchald, 1977 Family Nererididae de Blainville, 1818 Subfamily Nereidinae de Blainville, 1818 Genus Perinereis Kinberg, 1865 Perinereis Kinberg, 1865: 175. Type species Perinereis novaehollandiae Kinberg, 1865, by subsequent designation (Hartman 1948: 72), junior synonym of Perinereis amblydonta (Schmarda, 1861) after Ehlers (1904: 28). Remarks Nereidids with pharynx armed with conical paragnaths on maxillary and oral rings, some species with bar-shaped paragnaths on Area IV, with transverse bars on Area VI (in a variable number), short or long. Notopodia with homogomph spinigers, neuropodia with homogomph and heterogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers with short and long blades. Perinereis has been divided into informal groups and subgroups depending on the ornamentation in Area VI of the pharynx, as well as on the development of the dorsal ligule of the posterior notopodia (Hutchings et al. 1991). Recently, Villalobos-Guerrero (2019) included novel diagnostic characters of the marks in the pharynx between the right and left Area VI and Area V. In addition, he re-described and included in Perinereis two species previously included in Nereis and Neanthes Kinberg, 1865. Villalobos-Guerrero et al. (2021) reviewed the species of Group 2 of Perinereis (which present two bars in Area VI), and transferred three species to Perinereis. A recent contribution by Teixeira et al. (2025) included the descriptions of 13 new species, increasing their number to 89 species, being the second largest genus of Nereididae in number of species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 4 Distribution The species of Perinereis are mainly distributed in the intertidal to the subtidal zone, in tropical to temperatelocalitiesinsoftbottoms,inhabitingamongsessileorganisms,fissuresbetweenrocks,between patches of mytilid mollusks, or other sessile organisms. The deepest species recorded is from deep waters off Greece, Perinereis tenuisetis Fauvel, 1915, collected in a depth of 3848 m (Faulwetter et al. 2017). Perinereis hourdezi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FFF58CE9-3F8F-4973-9B8F-8530B543FF73 Fig. 1 Diagnosis Perinereis with posterior eyes completely exposed; tentacular belt 1.4×aslongasfirstchaetiger; longest tentacular cirri reaching chaetigers 6–11; jaws with 3–5 teeth; pharyngeal area VI with shield-shaped bars, areas VII–VIII with 21–26 paragnaths in three transverse rows; posterior parapodia with enlarged glandular masses along dorsal ligules bases. Etymology The species is named after Dr Stéphen Hourdez in recognition of his contributions on polychaetes, especially of those of hydrothermal vents, and because he participated in the expedition to Clipperton Island and collected part of the specimens for describing this species. Type material Holotype FRANCE•mature♀(completespec.);ClippertonIsland,stn 33; 10°18.27′ N, 109°14.00′ W; depth 1 m, platform; 25 Jan. 2005; L. Albenga and L. Dugrais leg.; MNHN IA-2000-2107. Paratypes FRANCE•3♀♀(1completeand2incompletespecs);ClippertonIsland,stn 33; 10°18.27′ N, 109°14.00′ W;depth1m,platform;25Jan.2005;L.AlbengaandL.Dugraisleg.;UANL8292•3♀♀(1complete and 2 incomplete specs); Clipperton Island, stn 33; 10°18.27′ N, 109°14.00′ W; depth 1 m, platform; 25 Jan.2005;L.AlbengaandL.Dugraisleg.;ECOSUR317•8♂♂(5completeand3incompletespecs); Clipperton Island, stn 27; 10°18.01′ N, 109°13.87′ W; depth 1 m, platform; 23 Jan. 2005; S. Hourdez and K.-L. Kaiser leg.; in front of Camp Bougainville; ECOSUR 318. Description (holotype) Body. Mature female, complete, subcylindrical; 43 mm long, 2 mm wide (without parapodia), 111 chaetigers. Dorsum yellowish, with two light brown lateral lines along body, and a pale middorsal line along 51 chaetigers, thereafter brownish to body end. Venter homogeneously yellowish. Prostomium. Slightly longer than wide; two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, gap between both pairs 1.3 × as wide as diameter of posterior pair. Anterior pair in lateral position, oval, with eye diameter as wide as antennae basal diameter, with gap between eyes 6 × as wide as eye diameter; lenses visible, reddish, rounded, placed anterolaterally covering about 80% of eye. Posterior pairs rounded, blackish, minute, about 1/20 as wide as prostomial width, with diameter 3 × as wide as that of antennae basis, not covered by tentacular belt; with gap between eyes 9 × as wide as eye diameter. Palpophores longer than wide, palpostyle rounded. Median notch extended to middle of prostomium, to level of anterior pairs of eyes. SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 5 tentacular Belt. 1.4 ×aslongasfirstchaetiger;anteriormarginnotcoveringposterioreyes.Tentacular cirri corrugate to articulate, tips of two right lateral cirri broken, posterior dorsal cirri reaching chaetiger 6 (Fig. 1A). antennae. Conical, tapering, wider basally, tips not reaching palpophore ends, 3.3 × as long as wide at basal region; antennae separated by space as wide as half basal diameter of antennae. Pharynx. Not exposed, ventrodistal incision needed. Jaws amber with 5 accessory denticles. Paragnaths light brown in color, consisting of uniform-base cones, except shield-shaped bars on Area VI, those of maxillary ring smallest. Formula as follow: maxillary ring: paragnaths conical. AI = 2 in a line; AII = 4 left, 6 right; AIII = 7 paragnaths in central group, and a pair of paragnaths in a line at each side;AIV=8left,10right.Oralring:paragnathsconicalandsmoothbars.AVI-V-VIpattern,υ-shaped (after Villalobos-Guerrero, 2019); AV = 3 conical paragnaths in inverted triangle; AVI= one long shieldshaped bar to each side; VII–VIII = 24 paragnaths with wide basis in three regular bands, anterior band consisting of seven paragnaths only in ridge position, middle band with 11 cones in furrow and ridge, posterior band with six on each ridge position. chaetigers 1–2. With neuraciculae only; with both notoand neuraciculae thereafter. notoPodia. Consisting of dorsal cirrus (comprising proximal cirrophore and distal cirrostyle), dorsal ligule, and median ligule in biramous parapodia. anterior ParaPodia (Fig. 1C). Dorsal cirrophore with two light brown glandular areas, proximal one smaller. Dorsal cirrostyle longer than dorsal ligule, 1.5 × as long as ventral cirri. Dorsal ligule triangular, with blunt tip, 1.4 × as long as wide. Median ligule subconical, blunt, 1.4 × as long as wide, similar size to dorsal ligule. Neuroacicular ligule with superior lobe shorter than inferior lobe, both blunt. Neuropodial prechaetal lobe missing, postchaetal one present. Ventral ligule subconical, 3 × as long as wide, slightly longer than ventral cirri. Notochaetae 5 homogomph spinigers. Supracicular neurochaetae 5 homogomph spinigers, and 3 heterogomph falcigers with blunt tips and spinulose inner edge, blade 6 × as long as wide (Fig. 1F). Infracicular neurochaetae 1 heterogomph spiniger and 11 heterogomph falcigers, similar than supracicular ones, decreasing slightly in size towards ventral part. m edian ParaPodia (F ig . 1D). Dorsal cirrophore with four glandular patch, proximal one smaller, rounded, distal one larger. Dorsal cirrostyle 1.7 × as long as dorsal ligule. Dorsal ligule triangular, tapered, 1.6 × as long as wide, with elongated glandular area. Median ligule subconical, blunt, 2 × as long as wide, slightly longer than dorsal ligule. Neuroacicular ligule rounded anteriorly, with superior lobe slightly visible. Neuropodial prechaetal lobe missing, postchaetal one present. Ventral ligule subulated, 2.5 × as long as wide, slightly longer than ventral cirri. Notochaetae 7 homogomph spinigers. Supracicular neurochaetae 5 homogomph spinigers and 1 heterogomph falcigers, blade 5 × as long as wide; infracicular neurochaetae 1 homogomph spiniger and 7 heterogomph falcigers, blade 5.2 × as long as wide (Fig. 1G). Posterior ParaPodia (Fig. 1E). Dorsal cirrophore with two dark fused glandular areas. Dorsal cirrostyle 1.5 × as long as dorsal ligule, inserted medially. Dorsal ligule triangular, tapered, 1.8 × as long as wide, enlarged glandular masses covering base of ligule. Median ligule subconical, blunt, 2.5 × as long as wide, larger than dorsal one. Neuroacicular ligule triangular, longer than wide. Neuropodial prechaetal lobe missing, postchaetal one present. Superior and inferior lobes not seen; ventral ligule subtriangular, tapered, 2.9 × as long as wide. Ventral cirri similar in size to ventral ligule. Notochaetae 4 homogomph spinigers. Supracicular neurochaetae 6 homogomph spinigers and 2 heterogomph falcigers one of them broken, blade 5.6 × as long as wide (Fig. 1H). Infracicular neurochaetae 1 heterogomph spiniger, and 4 heterogomph falcigers, blades 6 × as long as wide (Fig. 1I). European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 6 P osterior region . Pygidium with terminal anus and pair of long anal cirri, as long as last 4–5 chaetigers (Fig. 1B). oocytes. Brownish, only present in posterior parapodia, each about 90 µm in diameter, distorted inside right margin of Fig. 1E. Variation Complete paratypes are 35–60 mm long, 1.2–2.2 mm wide, with 100–114 chaetigers. A specimen with one paragnath on Area I, another specimen with 3 paragnaths in a line, all other specimens with 2 paragnaths in a line; Area II with 6 paragnaths in two lines in all specimens in each side; Area III with a central group of 8 to 12 small paragnaths and one or two paragnaths on each side. Area IV with 10–11 paragnaths at right side and 10–12 at left side; Area V invariably with three large paragnaths in inverted triangle; Area VI with one large bar on each side, except in two specimens in one of them, the left bar was fragmented into two pieces. Longer tentacular pair of cirri reaching chaetigers 7–11. Distribution This species is known only from Clipperton Island. Remarks The original proposal of the species group of Perinereis by Hutchings et al.(1991)wasmodifiedby Prajapat et al. (2024), by transferring 10 species from group 1B to group 1A without giving arguments; the species transferred were P. barbara (Monro, 1926) from Port Jackson, Australia; P. capensis (Kinberg, 1865) from Good Hope Cape, South Africa; P. iranica Bonyadi-Naeini, Rastegar-Pouyani, Glasby & Rahimian, 2018 from Iran, Persian Gulf; P. kaustiana Teixeira, Fourreau, Sempere-Valverde & Carvalho, 2024 from Saudi Arabia, Gulf of Aqaba; P. nigropunctata (Horst, 1924) from Malaysia; P. obfuscata (Grube, 1878) from Philippines; P. perspicillata (Grube, 1878) from Philippines; P. pictilis Glasby, NuWei & Gibb, 2013 from Queensland, Australia; P. striolata (Grube, 1878) from Philippines; P. suluana (Horst, 1924) from Pulu Tongkil, Sulu Archipielago and P. villabosi Rioja, 1947 from Western Mexico. Except for P. iranica, P. obfuscata, P. perspicillata, P. pictilis, and P. striolata, we prefer to leave the rest of the species in subgroup 1B due to the notable development of the posterior parapodia explained in the descriptions or redescriptions of these species. Perinereis hourdezi sp. nov. belongs to the informal species group proposed by Hutchings et al. (1991) characterized by having a transverse bar in Area VI, and dorsal cirrophore not greatly expanded (Group 1A); currently there are 27 species considered in this group. The group includes P. arabica Mohammad, 1971 described from Kuwait; P. atlantica (McIntosh, 1885) from Cape Verde Islands; P. calmani Monro, 1926 from Eastern Australia and China Sea; P. cultrifera Grube, 1840 from Naples, Mediterranean Sea; P. falsovariegata Monro, 1933b from Still Bay, South Africa; P. faulwetterae Teixeira, Langeneck, Grosse, Bakken & Ravara, 2025 from the Mediterranean Sea; P.floridana Ehlers, 1868 from Florida, North America; P. helleri Grube, 1878 from the Philippines; P. houbihuensis Hsueh, 2024 from Taiwan; P. iranica Bonyadi-Naeini et al., 2018 from Abu Musa Island, Persian Gulf; P. louizomarum Rezzag Mahcene, Villalobos-Guerrero, Kurt, Denis & Dass, 2023 from Algeria; P. longdongwanensis Hsueh, 2024 from Taiwan; P. minerva Teixeira, Langeneck, Grosse, Bakken & Ravara, 2025 from the Mediterranean Sea; P. misrai Prajapat, Villalobos & Vachhrajani, 2024, from India; P. muscoi Teixeira, Langeneck, Grosse, Bakken & Ravara, 2025 from the Mediterranean Sea; P. obfuscata (Grube, 1878) from the Philippines; P. pangcahae Hsueh, 2024 from Taiwan; P. perspicillata (Grube, 1878) from the Philippines; P. rullieri Pilato, 1974 from Sicily, Catania, Mediterranean Sea; P. pseudocultrifera Hsueh, 2024 from Taiwan; P. seurati Gravier 1905 from Gambier Islands in freshwater; P. striolata (Grube, 1878) from the Philippines; P. taitungensis Hsueh, 2024 from Taiwan; P. taorica Langerhans, 1881 SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 7 from the Canary Islands; P. tenuisetis Fauvel, 1915 from the Mediterranean Sea; P. twobae Teixeira, Langeneck, Grosse, Bakken & Ravara, 2025 from the Mediterranean Sea; and P. websteri Conde-Vela 2022 from Bermuda. Fig. 1. Perinereis hourdezisp.nov.,holotype,♀(MNHNIA-2000-2107).A. Anterior end, dorsal view. B. Posterior end, dorsal view. C–E. Parapodia of chaetigers 11, 42 and 80, anterior view, repeectively. F. Supracicular neuropodial heterogomph falciger, chaetigers 11. G. Infracicular neuropodial heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 42. H. Supracicular neuropodial heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 80. I. Infracicular neuropodial heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 80. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 1 mm; C–E = 250μm;F–I=15μm. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 8 Perinereis hourdezi sp. nov. resembles P. cultrifera, P. helleri, P. misrai, P. rullieri, P. taitungensis, P. rullieri, P. taorica and P. websteri by having Area III with 2–3 paragnaths in line on both side of the central area, as well as 3 paragnaths in a triangular arrangement over Area V. However, P. hourdezi as well as P. misrai, P. rullieri and P. websteri do not present notopodial prechaetal lobe; P. hourdezi can be separated from these species because it has a short neuropodial postchaetal lobe on all parapodia. Solís-Weiss & Hernández-Alcántara (2009: 251, 255) recorded Perinereis sp. for Clipperton Island, after 7 anterior fragments of juvenile specimens collected in their station 2, in the west side of the island. Their specimens could belong to this newly described species, but because it was not illustrated and the specimens were not available, we cannot clarify their status. Key to the species of group 1A of Perinereis Kinberg, 1865 (after Hutchings et al.1991,modifiedbyPrajapatet al. 2024) 1. Dorsal cirri short, barely or not protruding beyond distal region of dorsal ligule in mid-body parapodia ........................................................................................................................................... 2 – Dorsal cirri long, protruding distinctly beyond distal region of dorsal ligule in mid-body parapodia ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 2. Notopodial prechaetal lobe present .................................................................................................. 3 – Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent .................................................................................................. 18 3. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe present throughout body ................................................................... 4 – Neuropodial prechaetal lobe absent .................................................................................................. 6 4. Acicula light yellow; Area V without paragnaths; neurochaetae with homogomph falcigers ........... ...................................................................................................... P. tenuisetis (Fauvel, 1915) (Italy) – Aciculae dark brown or black; Area V with paragnaths; neurochaetae with heterogomph falcigers .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 5. Areas VII–VIII with four irregular bands of paragnaths; Area III without laterally isolated paragnaths; Area I with 0–2 paragnaths; subacicular neurochaetae with homogomph spinigers .......................... ............................................................................................... P. arabica Mohammad, 1971 (Kuwait) – Areas VII–VIII with a line of 3–6 paragnaths; Area III without laterally isolated paragnaths; Area I with 16 paragnaths in group; subacicular neurochaetae with heterogomph spinigers ....................... ............................................................................................... P. taorica Langerhans, 1881 (Madeira) 6. Area III with laterally isolated paragnaths ........................................................................................ 7 – Area III without laterally isolated paragnaths ................................................................................ 13 7. Area V with paragnaths ................................................................................................................... 8 – Area V without paragnaths ..............................................P. pseudocultrifera Hsueh, 2024 (Taiwan) 8. Area V with only one paragnaths ...................................................................................................... 9 – Area V with 2 or more paragnaths ...................................................................................................11 9. Area I with one paragnath; Area III with 6–7 paragnaths; Area VI with a shield-shaped bar ............ .............................................P. minerva Teixeira, Langeneck, Grosse, Bakken & Rava, 2025 (Italy) – Area I with numerous paragnaths; Area III with more than 10 paragnaths; Area VI with a crescentshaped bar ....................................................................................................................................... 10 SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 9 10. Posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 8.2 × as long as palps; Area I with 4 or more paragnaths .............................................................................P. striolata (Grube, 1878) (Philippines) – Posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 5, about as long as palps; Area I with 1 paragnath ............................................................................................ P. obfuscata (Grube, 1878) (Philippines) 11. Dorsal cirrus subequal or slightly shorter than dorsal ligule in middle parapodia ......................... 12 – Dorsal cirrus slightly longer than dorsal ligule in middle parapodia; notopodial prechaetal lobe present throughout body; posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 5–8; Area I with one paragnath; Area V with 3 paragnaths in triangle; ridge of areas VI–V–VI with U-shaped pattern .... ....................................................................................................P. rullieri Pilato, 1974 (Sicily, Italy) 12. Posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 4–5; jaws with 4–5 teeth; Area VI with conical shield-shaped bar; ridge of areas VI–V–VI with π-shaped pattern .................................................... ....................................................................................................... P. cultrifera (Grube, 1840) (Italy) – Posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 2; jaws with 3 teeth; Area VI with rectangular-shaped type bar; ridge of areas VI–V–VI with ɔc-shaped pattern ......P. taitungensis Hsueh, 2024 (Taiwan) 13. Postero-dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 2–3 ................................................................... 14 – Postero-dorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 4 ....................................................................... 16 14. Area I with 2 paragnaths in a line; Area V with 0–1 paragnaths; jaws with up to 5 teeth .............. 15 – Area I with 5 paragnaths in group; Area V with 4 (4–16) paragnaths; jaws with up to 3 teeth ......... ...................................................................................... P. longdongwanensis Hsueh, 2024 (Taiwan) 15. Area V with 1 paragnath; Area VI with a smooth-shaped bar; with neuropodial postchaetal lobe .......................................................................................P. houbihuensis Hsueh, 2024 (Taiwan) – Area V without paragnaths; Area VI with crescent-shaped bar; without neuropodial postchaetal lobe ...................................................P. calmani(Monro,1926)(AustraliaandMacClesfieldBank) 16. Posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 5–6; jaws with up to 6 teeth; Area III with no more than 7 paragnaths ............................................................................................................................ 17 – Posterodorsal tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 11; jaws with 11 teeth; Area III with 10–15 paragnaths ................................................P. seurati Gravier, 1905 (Gambier Islands, in freshwater) 17. Jaws with 0–3 teeth; Area V without paragnaths, rarely with 1–2; Area VI with crescent-shaped bar ...........P. louisomarum Rezzag Mahcene, Villalobos-Guerrero Kurt, Denis & Dass, 2023 (Algeria) – Jaws with 5–6 teeth; Area V with 3 paragnaths in triangle; Area VI with chevron-shaped bar; ridge of areas VI–V–VI with U-shaped pattern ........................................................................................... ..............P. muscoi Teixeira, Langeneck, Grosse, Bakken & Rava, 2025 (Italy, Salento, Ionian Sea) 18. Area V with 1 paragnath ................................................................................................................. 19 – Area V with 3 or more paragnaths .................................................................................................. 21 19. Area I with 1 paragnath; Area III without laterally isolated paragnaths ............................................. ................................................................... P. atlantica (M’Intosh, 1885) (São Vicente, Cape Verde) – Area I with 2 or more paragnaths; Area III with laterally isolated paragnaths ............................... 20 20.AreaIwith2paragnaths;ridgeofareasVI–V–VIwithλ-shapedpattern;AreaVIwithsmoothshaped bar ................................................................................... P. floridana Ehlers, (1868) (Florida, USA) – Area I with 4 (rarely 2–5) paragnaths; Area VI–V–VI with ɔc-shaped ridge pattern; Area VI with bar type chevron-shaped .................................................................P. pangcahae Hsueh, 2024 (Taiwan) European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 16 Hutchings et al. 2012). However, Kirtley (1994: 188) proposed Hermella varians Treadwell, 1902 as its type species, but this is incorrect. Because Caullery did not indicate the type species for Tetreres, a subsequent designation is in order. However, the species to be designated must be one of those included in the original proposal (ICZN 1999, Arts 67.2, 69.1). Caullery (1913: 200) newly combined H. varians in Pallasia, not in Tetreres, and this listing might made Kirtley think his proposal was code compliant, but it is not. Consequently, the type species by subsequent designation must be Sabellaria (Pallasia) asteriformis Augener, 1906, which is a junior synonym of Hermella variansTreadwell,1902,asconfirmedbyKirtley(1994:197)afterthe study of their type specimens. Lygdamis mariae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DEC24817-432A-4ABD-AB33-5A571B8CBF18 Figs 3–4, Table 1 Idanthyrsus pennatus Hartman, 1939: 19 (non Peters, 1854). Lygdamis nesiotes Hartman, 1944: 332–333 (non Chamberlin, 1919). Diagnosis Lygdamis with outer paleae smooth, of a single type, straight, solid, not annulate, aristate, tips bent 140–150°, 34 per side; inner paleae 14 per side; median organ tapered, blunt; nuchal hooks tapered, tips long, wide, sharp. Etymology The species is named after Dr María Capa, in recognition of her many publications on taxonomy of marine annelids, and especially after her studies on sabellariid polychaetes which were very useful during thiscontribution.Thespecificepithetisanouninthegenitivecase(ICZN1999,Art.31.1.2). Type material Holotype FRANCE • complete spec.; Clipperton Island, stn 36; 10°17.49′ N, 109°13.56′ W; depth 54 m; 27 Jan. 2005; S. Hourdez, K.-L. Kaiser and J.-M. Bompar leg.; anchoring of Rara Avis; MNHN IA-2000-2109. Paratypes FRANCE • 1 complete spec.; same data as for holotype; paratype breaking in two; MNHN IA-2000-2110 • 5 complete specs; Clipperton Island, stn 10; 10°17.31′ N, 109°12.19′ W; depth 13 m; 17 Jan. 2005; J.-M. Bouchard, L. Albenga and L. Dugrais leg.; coral rubble, suction pump, one still in tube, another one too twisted, colorless; ECOSUR 320 • 2 complete specs; Clipperton Island, stn 17; 10°19.22′ N, 109°13.39′ W; depth 23 m; 20 Jan. 2005; J.-M. Bouchard, L. Albenga and L. Dugrais leg.; epifaunal organisms, hand collecting, opercula barely pigmented; MNHN IA-2000-2111 • 1 complete spec.; Clipperton Island, stn 20;10°17.50′N,109°13.55′W;depth20m;22Jan.2005;J.-M.Bouchard,L.AlbengaandL.Dugrais leg.; anchoring point of Rara Avis,coralrubble,colorless,withtubefragments,firstbranchiaeduplicate; MNHN IA-2000-2112 • 5 complete specs; Clipperton Island, stn25;10°19.34′N,109°13.40′W;depth 18 m; 23 Jan. 2005; S. Hourdez and K.-L. Kaiser leg.; coral rubble, platform margin, one in tube, colorless, anal peduncle contracted, blackish, smallest specimen medially brownish; ECOSUR 321 • 2 complete specs; Clipperton Island, stn27;10°18.01′N,109°13.87′W;depth1m;23Jan.2005; S. Hourdez and K.-L. Kaiser leg.; in front of Camp Bougainville, colorless; MNHN IA-2000-2113 • 1 complete spec.; Clipperton Island, stn30;10°18.72′N,109°12.01′W;depth15m;24Jan.2005;S. Hourdez, K.-L. Kaiser and J.-M. Bompar leg.; coral rubble and red algae, colorless, precaudal region SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 17 with a band of tiny black spots, wider mid-ventrally; ECOSUR 322 • 1 anterior fragm.; Clipperton Island, stn31,EastofPortJaouen;10°17.45′N,109°13.26′W;depth1m;24Jan.2005;S.HourdezandK.-L. Kaiser leg.; colorless; MNHN IA-2000-2114. Description (holotype) Body. Complete, mature specimen, preserved in tube, posterior region breaking off. Body 52 mm long, 4 mm wide, 54 chaetigers. Body pale; operculum dark brown, especially laterally with pale spots below marginal cirri (Fig. 3A–C); prepygidial parapodia with interramal glandular ridge, brownish (Fig. 3E). o Perculum . Oblique, bent ventrally, dorsally depressed into darker concavity (Fig. 3A). Opercular paleae golden; outer paleae aristate, tips bent 140°–150°, 56 per side, core solid, non-annulate (Fig. 4A); inner paleae straight to slightly bent, darker, core brownish (Fig. 4B), 22 per side. Marginal papillae cirriform, basally wider, tapered, blunt, larger posteriorly, decreasing in size anteriorly (Fig. 3C), papillae with anterior surface darker, lateral paler areas extended into opercular margin (Fig. 3A), 18 papillae per side. Opercular ventral surface with 11 oblique series of tentacles per side, tentacular series longer basally, shorter distally (Fig. 3B). PalPs. Tapered, contracted, one visible ventrally (Fig. 3B), other hidden between tentacles. Mouth U-shaped, lateral lips foliose, partially covering mouth opening. nuchal hooks. Large, tapered, falcate, sharp, completely covered by pale, hook foliose projection (Fig. 3D); hooks noted because of their darker pigmentation. In one paratype (Fig. 4C) sharp, long, wide, with handles annulate. Median organ shorter than palps, tapered, tip blunt, blackish, with series of lateral eyespots, visible close to nuchal hooks. thorax. With 2 chaetigers without notochaetae. Chaetiger 1 with capillary neurochaetae and long, conical ventral cirrus directed ventrally, reaching mouth opening. Chaetiger 2 with capillary neurochaetae and long, conical ventral cirrus directed anteriorly, shorter than one present in chaetiger 1, and 2 slightly shorter cirri directed dorsally. Branchiae cirriform, tapered, from chaetiger 2, continued through 25 more segments. P arathorax . With 4 biramous chaetigers with paleae and capillaries in both rami. Notopodia 4 × as long as neuropodia, dorsal cirri digitate on a swollen, wide conical base (Fig. 4D); neuropodial cirri conical, blunt, as long as wide (Fig. 4E). Notochaetae directed posteriorly, 10–12 per ramus, increasing in number posteriorly;neurochaetaedirectedanteriorly,7–9perramus,increasinginnumberposteriorly;tipsfinely denticulate (Fig. 4E, inset). a Bdomen .Withparapodiabiramous,firsttwochaetigerswithlongernotopodia;successivenotopodia half as long. Notopodia uncinigerous, foliaceous, short, curved lobes with abundant uncini (Fig. 4F), each with 8–9 transverse rows of denticles, mostly paired (Fig. 4F, upper inset). Neuropodia reduced to short chaetal lobe; neurochaetae capillaries, thicker ones verticillate denticulate, thinner ones denticulate (Fig. 4F). Prepygidial abdominal segments with notopodia reduced to short fan-shaped lobes, with glandular pigmented ridge between parapodial rami (Fig. 3E). cauda. Short, tubular, bent ventrally, damaged, without cirri. Variation The variation of some morphological features in 16 specimens is shown in Table 1. All features are sizedependent. Specimens were 12–52 mm long (mean 30.7 mm); smaller specimens were pale, especially if preserved outside their tubes, larger specimens and those preserved in tubes are darker. Their opercula European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 18 had 15–56 outer (mean 34), and 6–22 inner (mean 14) paleae, and 8–18 marginal papillae (mean 14). The latter are usually blunt, shorter in smaller specimens and progressively smaller towards the dorsalmost position. The second parathoracic chaetiger had 7–17 notochaetal (mean 11), and 4–8 neurochaetal lanceolate paleae (mean 6). The median organ was never truncate, it was mostly blunt, but in three casesithadamoredefinedtip.Mostspecimenshadtwohooks,goldeninsmaller,brownishinlarger specimens; only two specimens had one of them duplicate. The depressed lobe covering the falcate dorsal hook tip was covering the hooks completely in 4 specimens, medially in 11 specimens, and basally in 2; the latter might be due to partial damages due to abrasion during sampling. There were 19–35 pairs of branchiae (mean 25); anterior branchiae longer, progressively smaller posteriorly, often detached. The cauda, or anal peduncle, was always very short, 0.3–1.7 mm long. Specimens larger than 25 mm had hypertrophied gonads along posterior body half; smaller ones are juveniles. Fig. 3. Lygdamis mariae sp. nov., holotype (MNHN IA-2000-2109). A–D. Anterior region. A. Left lateral view (left tentacles removed). B. Ventral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Close-up, showing complete cover of nuchal hooks. E. Posterior region, ventral view, specimen in tube. Scale bars: A = 0.8 mm; B–C = 1.7 mm; D = 0.9 mm, E = 1.5 mm. SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 19 Distribution OnlyknownfromClippertonIsland,onrockybottoms,1–54mdepth;someEasternPacificrecordsof L. nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1919) might represent this species but there are not enough details in earlier records to clarify this. Remarks Lygdamis mariae sp. nov. resembles L. nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1919) described from the Tuamotu Islands (18°47′S,141°35′W),andtheyaresosimilarthatsomeEasternPacificrecordsmightrepresentthis new species. After the key above, their main differences rely on the inner structure of the outer paleae, the angle formed by their tips, and the number of inner paleae. In L. mariae, outer paleae are solid, nonannulate, their tips bend at about 140–150°, and there are 14 pairs of inner paleae, whereas in L. nesiotes they are annulate internally, their tips are bent at about 120°, and there are 17 pairs of inner paleae. Fig. 4. Lygdamis mariae sp. nov. A–B, D–F. Holotype (MNHN IA-2000-2109). A. Upper and lower outer opercular paleae. B. Upper and lower inner paleae. C. Paratype (ECOSUR 320, stn 10), nuchal hook. D. Second parathoracic chaetiger, right notopodium, anterior view. E. Right neuropodium, anterior view (inset: tip of neurochaetal lanceolate paleae). F. Second abdominal chaetiger, right parapodium, anterior view (upper inset: notopodial uncini in frontal view; lower inset: basal portions of neurochaetae). Scale bars: A, E = 80 µm; B, D = 0.2 mm; C = 0.27 mm; F = 0.15 mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 20 Chamberlin (1919) included some other details that might be relevant. For example, in his specimens being up to 32 mm long, he noted that opercular paleae, inner and outer, had annulated cores (Chamberlin 1919: 492: “cross-striate”), 5–7 chaetae in parathoracic parapodia, 17–19 pairs of branchiae, and dorsal hooksarecompletelycoveredbyafleshydepressedlobematchinghook’sshape(Chamberlin1919:491, pl.75fig.7).Asindicatedabove,thesefeaturesaresize-dependentandoflimitedusefordiagnostic purposes. On the other hand, he noted the median organ: “just in front of the nuchal hooks in the depression between the two opercular lobes is a long unpaired cirrus with a dark tip” (Chamberlin 1919: 491). Capa et al. (2015: 197, table 1) noted it can be tapered, blunt (as in L. giardi (M’Intosh, 1885) or L. wambiri Hutchings et al. 2012), or cylindrical truncate (in their L. nasutus). The shape could be diagnostic as it seems truncate ones are cylindrical, whereas tapered ones are triangular in cross section; regretfully, there are no details about their shape, and their presence has been indicated for 8 out of 19 species compiled by Hutchings et al. (2012: 25, table 2). Key to the species of Lygdamis Kinberg, 1867 (data from Hutchings et al. 2012; dos Santos et al. 2014; Capa et al. 2015) 1. Outer paleae smooth ......................................................................................................................... 2 – Outer paleae rugose, aristate ........................................................................................................... 21 station number length of specimen outer number inner paleae marginal papillae dorsal hooks cover median organ notochaetae neuroparath pairs of branciae anal ped. 10 12 32 11 8 medially blunt 11 5 19 0.3 28 36 16 15 medially blunt 17 6 28 0.6 27 28 11 14 medially blunt 9 6 27 1.3 17 17 36 18 13 basally blunt 11 6 22 0.5 28 47 18 14 medially blunt 12 6 24 1.0 20 18 15 6 11 medially blunt 7 4 21 1.0 25 21 28 16 16 medially pointed 10 6 25 0.7 25 13 9 10 medially, left double pointed 10 6 25 lost 38 39 15 14 complete pointed 11 7 28 1.0 45 33 16 15 bsally eroded blunt 12 6 35 1.5 27 27 25 11 15 complete blunt 9 6 28 1.5 38 30 12 13 medially blunt 9 5 30 1.7 30 36 41 14 12 medially, right double blunt 12 6 19 1.5 31 13 w/o post region 38 12 13 medially blunt 10 4 19 36 48 44 20 15 complete blunt 10 6 27 1.0 52 56 22 18 almost complete blunt 9 8 26 2.0 Table 1. Morphological features of Lygdamis mariae sp. nov.; paired features were counted only on the right side; cover of dorsal hook is indicated on how much of the falcate tip is covered; the parathoracic segment was the second one and the number refers to the paleae only, and the anal peduncle is total length. SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 21 2. Outer paleae of a single type ............................................................................................................ 3 – Outer paleae of two types, thick aristate and thinner, tapered, about 20 per side; inner paleae straight, tapered, blunt, about 20 per side ..................... L. japonicus Nishi & Kirtley, 1999 (Amakusa, Japa) 3. Outer paleae with tips straight ......................................................................................................... 4 – Outer paleae curved, or with curved tips ........................................................................................ 12 4. Outer paleae sharp, non-aristate ....................................................................................................... 5 – Outer paleae aristate ......................................................................................................................... 8 5. Inner paleae smooth .......................................................................................................................... 6 – Inner paleae subdistally rugose, tips blunt, 10–14 per side; outer paleae 16–20 per side (body 12– 43 mm long) ......................................................................L. giardi (M’Intosh, 1885) (SE Australia) 6. Inner paleae tapered, blunt ................................................................................................................ 7 – Inner paleae with wide tips, 30–36 per side; nuchal hooks tapered, tip sharp, wide; outer paleae 42–44 per side (body 15–20 mm long) ................................................................. L. augeneri Kirtley, 1994 7. Operculum with 25–30 marginal papillae per side (outer paleae 37–55 per side; inner paleae 16–19 per side); nuchal hooks tapered, tip sharp, thin (body 22–60 mm long) ............................................ ........................................................................................L. giardi sensu Okuda 1938 (Osaka, Japan) – Operculum with 14–16 marginal papillae per side; nuchal hooks unknown (body 25 mm long) ...... ..................................................................................... L. gilchristi (McIntosh, 1924) (South Africa) 8. Inner paleae smooth, non-annulated ................................................................................................. 9 – Inner paleae annulated, tips blunt, 10 per side; outer paleae 20 per side (body 30 mm long)............. ................................................................................................ L. bhaudi Kirtley, 1994 (Madagascar) 9. Nuchal hooks with tips wide, blunt; outer paleae tapered, aristae long ......................................... 10 – Nuchal hooks with tips narrow, sharp; outer paleae widened medially, aristae short, 34–45 per side; inner paleae 11 per side (body 130 mm long) ...............................L. muratus Allen, 1904 (England) 10. Operculum with less than 30 paleae per side ...................................................................................11 – Operculum with 50–60 outer, and 18–20 inner paleae per side (body 13 mm long) .......................... ...................................................................L. splendidus Lechapt & Kirtley, 1994 (New Caledonia) 11. Operculum with 25 outer, and 10 inner paleae per side (body 11 mm long) ...................................... .................................................................................................L. indicus Kinberg, 1867 (Indonesia) – Operculum with 18 outer, and 7 inner paleae per side (body 30–43 mm long) ................................. ...........................L. nasutus Capa, Faroni-Perez & Hutchings, 2015 (Great Barrier Reef, Australia) 12. Outer paleae non-aristate ................................................................................................................ 13 – Outer paleae aristate ....................................................................................................................... 17 13. Outer paleae slightly curved; nuchal hooks tapered ....................................................................... 14 – Outer paleae markedly curved, 19–20 per side; nuchal hooks medially constricted, tip directed laterally at 90° from shaft (body 50 mm long) .................L. gibbsi Kirtley, 1994 (Solomon Islands) 14. Nuchal hooks tips bent ventrally .................................................................................................... 15 – Nuchal hooks tips directed laterally, not bent ventrally; operculum with 14–21 outer, and 9–14 inner paleae per side (body 95 mm long) ..........L. wirtzi Nishi & Núñez, 1999 (Madeira, Canary Islands) European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 1–29 (2025) 22 15. Outer paleae with tips wide, blunt, 25–32 per side; inner paleae 12–16 per side (body 28 mm long) ...............................................................L. curvatus (Johansson, 1922) (Bonin Islands, Japan) – Outer paleae with tips narrow, tapered; nuchal hooks tapered, tips sharp, narrow ........................ 16 16. Inner paleae medially annulated, 16 per side; outer paleae 34 per side .............................................. .....................................................................................L. malagasiensis Kirtley, 1994 (Madagascar) – Inner paleae smooth, 12 per side; outer paleae 15 per side (body 16 mm long) ................................ ................................................................................................L. ehlersi (Caullery, 1913) (Indonesia) 17. Nuchal hooks with tips sharp .......................................................................................................... 18 – Nuchal hooks with tips blunt, wide; operculum with 28 outer, and 12 inner paleae per side (body 92–102 mm long) ................ L. rayrobersti Kirtley, 1994 (Florida) (dos Santos et al. 2014) (Brazil) 18. Nuchal hooks tapered ..................................................................................................................... 19 – Nuchal hooks subdistally widened; outer paleae with aristae directed upwards, 25 per side; inner paleae 16 per side (body 45 mm long) .......................................L. dayi Kirtley, 1994 (South Africa) 19. Nuchal hooks tips short, narrow; outer paleae with tips bent about 90° ............................................ ................................................................................................. L. laevispinis (Grube, 1870) (Samoa) – Nuchal hooks tips long, wide .......................................................................................................... 20 20. Outer paleae subdistally annulate, with tips bent about 120°, 25–32 per side; inner paleae 12–16 per side; operculum with 12–15 marginal papillae (32 mm long) ............................................................ .............................................................................L. nesiotes (Chamberlin, 1919) (Tuamotu Islands) – Outer paleae solid, not annulate, with tips bent 140°–150°, 34 (15–56) per side; inner paleae 14 (6–22) per side; operculum with 14 (8–18) marginal papillae (12–52 mm long) .............................. .................................................................................................L. mariae sp. nov. (Clipperton Island) 21. Outer paleae curved (34); inner paleae sharp (27) (ant. fragm. 23 mm long) .................................... .................................................................................. L. robinsi Jeldes & Lefevre, 1959 (off Angola) – Outer paleae straight ....................................................................................................................... 22 22. Inner paleae blunt ........................................................................................................................... 23 – Inner paleae sharp, 12 per side; outer paleae with about 30 paleae per side; outer paleae 27–29 per side (body 14 mm long) .......... L. wambiri Hutchings, Capa & Peart, 2012 (Queensland, Australia) 23. Outer paleae with very long tip; inner paleae with tip slightly falcate (body 5.5 mm long) .............. ................................................................................. L. pechi Chávez-López, 2022 (Gulf of Mexico) – Outer paleae with short tip; inner paleae with tip straight (body 10–40 mm long) ............................ ...........................................................................................L. kirkegaardi Kirtley, 1994 (off Liberia) Remarks Hartman (1967: 150) recorded an undescribed species from sediments at depths of 3678–3803 m in the Drake Passage, Antarctica. She indicated the operculum had 16 smooth outer paleae, and 3–4 inner onesperside,andthatthenuchalhookswere“flat,curvedatrightanglestotheshaft,anddistally expanded.” The species was listed by Achari (1974: 50, table 1) as belonging to Lygdamis, but it was transferred to Tetreres and described as T. maririceae by Kirtley (1994: 194), although he did not cite Hartman’srecord.Thisexplainswhyitwasexcludedfromthekeyabove.Ontheotherhand,thefirst introduction of the name Tetreres muratus var. gilchristi by McIntosh has been cited with three different years. Kirtley (1994: 127) gives 1922, Hartman (1959: 476) gives 1924, which is the correct one and followed by WoRMS (Read & Fauchald 2021), and Day (1967: 677) gives 1925 which refers to the SALAZAR-VALLEJO S.J. & DE LEÓN-GONZÁLEZ J.A., New species of polychaetes (Nereididae) 23 second publication, with illustrations, of the preceding one made one year before. On the other hand, because morphological features are size-dependent in L. mariae sp. nov., the known size or size range for each species has been included in the key to help identify specimens, because size range might differ between similar species. Discussion The excellent quality of the specimens gathered during the Clipperton Expedition allowed us to discover and describe several new species. A previous publication based upon specimens of this expedition resulted in 5 new species (Salazar-Vallejo 2022), and in the current contribution three other species are described. The total number of these potential endemics is rather low, but Cortes (2012) has been shown thatendemisminoceanicislandsalongtheEasterntropicalPacifictendstoberatherlow(lessthan3% oftotalspecies).Wecananticipatethatadditionalfieldworkandespeciallythestudyofsomepoorly known groups will reveal additional undescribed species. 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