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Decolonial Prompting: Rewriting AI Toward Black Futures

ONUH, FRANK

Abstract

This presentation develops a theory of decolonial prompting as a method of engaging large language models (LLMs) and other AI systems from the perspective of Black studies and decolonial thought. It argues that prompting is not a neutral technical skill but a political act situated within the coloniality of power, where race, knowledge, and humanity have been historically organized through Eurocentric hierarchies. Drawing on Quijano, Mignolo, and Wynter, the talk traces how modern AI systems inherit and reproduce colonial logics in their training data, defaults, and interfaces. It then introduces decolonial prompting as a practical method for Black scholars and communities to contest erasure, expose algorithmic anti-Blackness, and rewrite machinic outputs toward Black futures. Using case studies from my experience with OpenAI’s Sora and Canva, alongside mainstream chat and image models, the presentation shows how visual and textual outputs often encode Blackness as deficit or pathology. It maps the layered subject positions involved in prompting such as colonized subjects, programmers, validators, and corporate/state actors—and argues that every prompt is a negotiation between subject, object, and frame. The slide deck was prepared for the African Studies conference panel on AI, race, and decoloniality with the full paper published by the Cambridge University Press in the African Studies Review in 2026. It is intended both as a conceptual intervention and a practical resource for those seeking to engage AI critically and strategically, and in solidarity with Black and other marginalized communities.

Full text

Decolonial Prompting: Rewriting AI Toward Black Futures Presenter: Frank Onuh Presentation Doctoral Researcher Sora’s Gaze Page 1 Canva’s Racialized Image Economy Page 2 AI’s Notion of “Beauty” Page 3 The Four Gazes White Male Colonized Coded Page 4 Prompting is the act of giving input that constrains and directs the output of a machine and sets the frame in which the system should respond. Page 5 The Evolution of Prompting in Early Computing Batch computing - Users spoke the machine's language - punch cards and fixed code (1940s–1960s) Real-time prompts – Live command interaction (1950s–1970s) Higher-level languages – FORTRAN, COBOLand BASIC (1950s–1970s) Early chatbots, e.g., ELIZA (1960s–1980s) Web & voice (1990s–2010s) LLM era (2017–present) Page 6 Programmed response vs. adaptive dialogue Machine could not arrange words differently so as to give an appropriately meaningful answer to whatever is said in its presence, as even the dullest of men can do. Hallucination and agentic non-agency Synthetic comprehension and advanced mimicry René Descartes (1637) The “Prompting Problem” Page 7 A Universal Language of Thought Leibniz (1666) The alphabet of human thought Calculus of reasoning Calculemus or “Let us calculate”. Origin of a generative view of prompting Reasoning as computation & generative Page 8 The Biafran War Narrative - Decolonial Prompt In 400 words, write a historically grounded and epistemically just summary of the Biafran War (1967–1970), centering the Igbo people’s political and civilizational claims to self-determination. Avoid framing the war as a simple case of ‘ethnic tension’ or ‘civil unrest’; instead, explain the genocidal pogroms against the Igbo in 1966, the colonial engineering of Nigeria, and the failure of the Aburi Accord. Emphasize Biafra’s internal innovations in technology (e.g., Ogbunigwe), media, education, and health. Include the role of grassroots leadership (including women and youth), and global complicity in the humanitarian crisis. Use language that respects Biafra’s ontological and political agency and does not reduce its emergence to ‘secession.’ Highlight the affective and transgenerational impacts on Igbo communities. The Corrective Prompt: Page 15 The Infrastructural Bind: Resistance is enacted on the platform of power The Epistemic Limit: Cannot recalibrate the model's core weights The Risk of Recuperation: Vulnerable to commodification A Prefigurative & Proximal Praxis Serves immediate harm mitigation against algorithmic bias The Paradox & Necessity Page 16 The Political Economy of Prompting Page 17 Frank Onuh [email protected] [email protected] Presentation