Anatomical Study of uterine cervix dimensions related with delivery ways

 Corresponding author: Sameeah Mejbel Hamad Algenabi Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0. Anatomical Study of uterine cervix dimensions related with delivery ways Sameeah Mejbel Hamad Algenabi * Department of human anatomy, College of medicine, University of Anbar,31002-Anbar-Ramadi. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 32(03), 243-245 Publication history: Received on 09 August 2025; revised on 20 September 2025; accepted on 23 September 2025 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.32.3.0361 Abstract Introduction: Uterine cervix is important part of female reproductive system, because its role in maintenance of pregnancy until delivery, this part undergo to anatomical changes in its dimention related with recurrent vaginal deliveries. Aim of study: Comparative study of uterine cervix dimensions between vaginal delivery women group and non vaginal delivery group. Methods: Samples were obtained from cadaveric women after take permission and life history from their families, and divided into two groups, group (A) non previous vaginal delivery, and group(B) previous vaginal delivery and take the measurements for each sample. Result: Macroscopic observation recorded differences between non previous vaginal delivery group (A) and previous vaginal delivery group (B) in uterine cervix dimension, group (B) revealed increases in (length, width and thickness) compare with group (A) due to effect of recurrent vaginal deliveries. Conclusion: Uterine cervix is affected by mechanical, physiological, and hormonal state. Frequent of vaginal delivery are play role in changes of parameters of uterine cervix. Keyword: Anatomical measuring; Uterine cervix; Delivery ways; Number of birth 1. Introduction The cavity of uterus is connected to the vagina by fibromuscular organ called Uterine cervix(1). Have a cylindrical and appear extend into the upper part of the anterior wall of vagina(2). The cervix has numerous functions, one of the most important role occurring in pregnancy through keeping of the developing fetus within the uterus until time of birth. When the childbirth began, the cervix become more ripening, softness and effacement for facilitating the child’s passage. The flexibility of cervix due to nature of the sub epithelial stroma, which contain fibroblast, myofibroblast and fibrocytes (dendritic interstitial cell)(3). This organ play major role during birth. At pregnancy, the cervix play important role in maintenance of fetus development through firmly closed so provide safety state to complete the pregnancy. Towards for delivery the cervix become shortness, flexible and dilated to prepare of delivery and ease of passage of fetus. Any problems in cervix may lead to increase the riskiness of premature birth, and effect of pregnancy fate.(4) 1.1. The gaol of the study The study aims to assess the variances of human uterine cervix parameters reproductive age women and effect of number of vaginal deliveries on uterine cervix dimensions. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 32(03), 243-245 244 2. Methods Twenty samples of uterine cervix were collected from fresh human cadavers, whose death with natural causes and ages ranging from (20-40) years were taken from the Forensic Medicine institute in Baghdad and Anbar Governorates during the period extended from January 2022 to June 2023 The samples divided in to two groups included Group A( Noprevious vaginal delivery), and Group B (Previous vaginal delivery more than twice) The cervix was remove from the body of uterus and take the dimension length, width and wall thickness using slide caliper graduated in cm. 2.1. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was conducted using correlation analysis and (ANOVA) tests to determine the significance of variation among the study groups. The quantitative outcomes were given as means ± standard deviation. We compared the difference in means by Paired sample t-test between groups Pearson correlation test. These statistical tests were carried out using a statistical program under the systems SPSS and Microsoft Excel XP. 3. Results The outcomes were recorded in the present study the uterine cervix parameter (length, width and wall thickness) in group A (23.99±2.12, 21.87±2.91, 11.35±1.61) while the parameter in group B(26.24±4.27, 23.91±3.19, 12.50±3.76) Respectively. This result revealed the changes in the uterine cervix parameters in women group A and group B. the results which recorded increase in the length, width and wall thickness related with physiological state and with increase of number of birth. Table 1 The measurement of uterine cervix parameters related with parity status Obstetric history “Length/cm Mean ±SD “Width/cm Mean ±SD Thickness/mm Mean ±SD Group (A) No previous vaginal deliveries(NPVD) 23.99±2.12 21.87±2.91 11.35±1.61 Group(B) previous vaginal deliveries( PVD 26.24±4.27 23.91±3.19 12.50±3.76 4. Discussion The important part of female reproductive system is uterine cervix which is a dense fibrous organ that is located at end of the female uterus. It has internal OS provides the site of connection between the cervix and body of uterus. The organ has a cylindrical shape mainly, but also may appear as conical and barrel shaped. The typical length of normal human cervix is about 2.5-3 cm. The diameter of its anteroposterior is about 2-2.5 cm, the lateral diameter about 2.5-3 cm. This difference is due to the cervical canal shape, which in the sagittal plane is straight, and in the frontal plane, spindle shaped. The cervix wall about 1 cm(5). This organ have important role in maintenance of pregnancy and facilitate the delivery at birth term. The Present study recorded the parameters of cervix in frequent vaginal deliveries women larger than the Non vaginal deliveries women this finding agree with Helen &Lindsey(6). The changes in the cervix parameters due to changes in composition of its structure and alteration of mechanical characterized of cervical stroma and affected by hormonal changes. At time of delivery and under influences of uterine contraction the cervix is dilate to facilitate passage of fetus. An insufficiency of cervix can lead to preterm delivery and causes extremely premature birth(7). The natural composition of cervix tissue included type I and type III collagen(8), hyaluronan and proteoglycans(9), elastin(10) and water. Lura(11) indicated that in the non vaginal deliveries women, the cervix is cylindrical, amounting to some 2 . 5-3cm in length, and 2-2.5cm in diameter and it is recorded increase in size due to of frequent of vaginal deliveries women, so their parameters depend on, the number of previous vaginal births, these finding agree with our finding. In present study revealed changes in cervix dimension related with number of vaginal birth. The highest mean of length , width and thickness were recorded at vaginal birth women groups(26.24±4.27),( 23.91±3.19),( 12.50±3.76) respectively and the lowest mean were recorded at non-vaginal birth women group(23.99±3.35),( 21.87±2.91),( 11.35±1.61)respectively, groups (Table1). GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2025, 32(03), 243-245 245 5. Conclusion Present study was concluded, that the effect of multi-parous by vaginal way on structure of cervix and its measures. The result obtain from this study referred that increase number of vaginal delivery causes increase in cervix dimensions compare with non-vaginal birth. Compliance with ethical standards Disclosure of conflict of interest No conflict of interest to be disclosed. Statement of ethical approval Ethical approval was done References [1] MyersK.M., et al; Mechanical and biochemical properties of human cervical tissue.Acta biomaterialia Vol(4):2008. [2] Salih A. K and Abass S.K. Anatomical and histological study of glands in uterine cervix of Black goat(Carpa hircus).journal of ntural sciences research. 2014; 4(3):2225-0921. [3] BarthPJ, Ramaswmy A, Moll R. CD34(+) fibrocytes in normal cervical stroma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Virchows Arch. 2002;441(6):546-8. [4] lams, J.D., cerbrik,D.,Lynch. C., Behrendt, N.,Das, A. The rate of cervical change and the phenotype of spontaneous preterm birth. Am. J. 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