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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17545392 ₩ ᅱ¥«©₩ڹڹڵ₩ ₩₩₩₩₩ᅦ,₩ᅰ,*',#₩ᅱ##0₩#4'#5#"₩í₩#$#0##"₩-30,a*₩₩ ᅵ-*3+#ħ₩₩ᅬ113#₩Ī₩₩#.2#+ #0₩ĨĦĨī₩₩ ᅬᅯÆ₩ĩĦĪįġĩĦĩ₩æᅰ,*',#ç₩₩ # 1'2#Æ₩555Ô2&#!&'20a,1&a!a"+'!Ô',₩ ₩ 浪欄Ɨ₩İɩ₩Ő₩濫Ɨ卵₩欄濾卵₩濫₩襤欄卵₩₩來卵₩朗 ₩卵₩ ŵ濫濫₩ġ₩濾濫₩朗Ð₩ 欄ő₩ġ₩卵女₩欄車Ƞ朗ʷ₩欄ŵ卵₩ ₩車₩濫₩₩欄ʷ欄Ȩ卵₩卵卵卵卵æ來車濫ç₩藍卵₩į卵Ƚ₩æÔÔç₩ 朗₩欄₩ ₩ ₩ ₩ ₩ ₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩車卵卵濾 來ũ₩₩ Ů卵İɑ₩ 欄欄Æ₩ ħįíĦįíĨĦĨī₩ ˢ濫拉 欄₩ 欄欄Æ₩ ĨĬíĦįíĨĦĨī₩ Ů卵欄欄Æ₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩ĩĦíĦįíĨĦĨī₩ ₩來濾ũÐ₩ 欄卵ŊÐ₩ 車藍卵Ð₩車濾欄卵Ð₩車欄欄卵濾₩ ;g 'kks/k i= ijh{kk fpark (Euam Anuiety½ vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ¼Academic Achievement½ ds chp ds laca/k dks mtkxj djrk gSA v/;;u esa ;g ik;k x;k fd vR;f/kd ijh{kk fpark fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ,dkxzrk] vkRefo'okl vkSj Lej.k 'kfä dks udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrh gS] ftlls muds ijh{kk ifj.kke detksj gks tkrs gSaA ijh{kk fpark ds eq[; dkj.kksa esa ekrk&firk dh vis{kk,a] le; çca/ku dh deh] vlQyrk dk Hk;] vkSj vkRe&lansg 'kkfey gSaA'kks/k esa ;g Hkh Li"V gqvk fd mfpr ekxZn'kZu] le; ij rS;kjh] ekufld LokLF; ds çfr tkx:drk vkSj /;ku tSlh rduhdksa ls ijh{kk fpark dks dkQh gn rd de fd;k tk ldrk gSA fo|ky;] f'k{kd vkSj vfHkHkkod feydj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ldkjkRed vkSj lg;ksxkRed okrkoj.k nsdj bl leL;k dk lek/kku dj ldrs gSaA vr% ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k fd ijh{kk fpark fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks xaHkhj :i ls çHkkfor djrh gS] ysfdu le; jgrs ;fn mfpr mik; viuk, tk,a rks bl leL;k ls çHkkoh <ax ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17374201 ₩ ᅱ¥«©₩ڹڹڶ₩ vkt ds çfrLi/kkZRed ;qx esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij 'kSf{kd ncko fnu&çfrfnu c<+rk tk jgk gSA ijh{kk ,d egRoiw.kZ ewY;kadu midj.k gS] fdarq ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ekufld LokLF; ij Hkh xgjk çHkko Mkyrh gSAijh{kk fpark (Euam Anuiety½ ,d ,slh euksoSKkfud fLFkfr gS] tks Nk=ksa dh lkspus] ;kn j[kus vkSj mÙkj nsus dh {kerk dks çHkkfor djrh gSA ;g fpark muds 'kSf{kd çn'kZu ¼Academic Achievement½ dks de dj ldrh gS‚vkt ds 'kSf{kd ifjos'k esa çfr;ksfxrk vkSj mR—"Vrk dh gksM+ fnu&çfrfnu rhoz gksrh tk jgh gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os gj ijh{kk esa loksZÙke çn'kZu djsaA bl vis{kk vkSj ncko ds dkj.k dbZ Nk= ekufld ruko] vleatl vkSj fo'ks"kdj ijh{kk fpark ¼Euam Anuiety½ dk vuqHko djrs gSaA ijh{kk fpark ,d ,slh euksoSKkfud voLFkk gS] ftlesa fo|kFkhZ dks ijh{kk ds le; vR;f/kd ruko] Hk;] ?kcjkgV vkSj vkRe&lansg dk vuqHko gksrk gS] tks mldh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ¼Academic Achievement½ dks lh/ks çHkkfor djrk gSAijh{kk fpark dsoy ,d {kf.kd ekufld fLFkfr ugha] cfYd ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRe&fo'okl] Le`fr] ,dkxzrk vkSj mÙkj ys[ku {kerk dks çHkkfor djrh gSA ;g fpark /khjs&/khjs fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds eu esa vlQyrk dk Hk;] udkjkRed lksp] vkSj 'kkjhfjd y{k.kksa tSls fd fljnnZ] ?kcjkgV] uhan dh deh vkfn dks tUe nsrh gSA ;fn bls le; jgrs ugha le>k x;k] rks ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh laiw.kZ O;fäRo fodkl dks ckf/kr dj ldrh gSA fpUrk ,d Ádkj dk udkjkRed ,oa vLoLF;dj laosx gSA fpUrk ds dkj.k O;fä esa l¨pus&le>us] rdZ djus] Lej.k djus] fopkj djus dh {kerk dk gzkl g¨ tkrk gS rFkk O;fä viuh leL;kvksa dk leqfpr lek/kku ugÈ <w¡<+ ikrk gSA ;FkkFkZ esa fpUrk O;fä dh ,d d"VÁn ekufld fLFkfr gS] ftleasa og Òfo"; dh foifÙk;¨a o vk'kadkv¨a ls fpfUrr jgrs gSA fpUrk lkekU;r% dkYifud Ò; ds dkj.k mRié g¨rh gS fpUrk 'kCn dh mRifÙk Y©fVu Òk"kk ds 'kCn ‘Anxiets’ gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gS ^^fdlh ifjfLFkfr ds izfr vfuf'pr Hk; ,oa vk'kadk dk vuqHko**euksfoKku esa bl 'kCn dks loZizFke ykus dk Js; flXe.M Ýk;M eg¨n; d¨ gSA Ákphu le; ls gh ekuo vusd fo"k;ksa ij fpfUrr g¨rk vk jgk gSA vk/kqfud ;qx esa vis{kkÑr euq"; ds lEeq[k vusd leL;k,¡ ,oa ijs’kkfu;k¡ gSa ftldk lEcU/k ifjokj] lekt] f'k{kk] thfod¨iktZu] vknj ,oa lEeku ls lEcfU/kr gksrk gSA vk/kqfud le; esa vf/kd tfVYkrk,¡ g¨us ds dkj.k vkt dk O;fä vis{kkÑr vf/kd fpfUrr jgrk gSA'kks/kksa ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpark j[kus okys fo|kFkhZ vis{kk—r de vad çkIr djrs gSa] tcfd vkRe&fu;a=.k] ldkjkRed lksp vkSj mfpr rS;kjh djus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k vf/kd gksrh gSA blfy, ;g vR;ar vko';d gS fd ge ijh{kk fpark ds dkj.kksa dks le>sa] mlds nq"çHkkoksa dks igpkusa vkSj le; jgrs mfpr mik;ksa ¼Interventions½ }kjk bls de djus ds ç;kl djsaA
The Chitransh Academic & Research bl 'kk s/k i= ds ek/;e ls ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp ds laca/k dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS rFkk ,sls mik;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ftuls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ekufld :i ls l'kä cuk;k tk lds vkSj muds ijh{kk vuqHko dks rukoiw.kZ ugha] cfYd mRlkgo/kZd cuk;k t vkt ds fo|kFkhZ vR;f/kd vis{kkvksa] lkekftd rqyuk] vkSj vlQyrk ds Mj ls ekufld :i ls ncko esa jgrs gSaA ;fn ijh{kk fpark dks le; ij igpkuk vkSj fu;af=r ugha fd;k x;k] rks ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRefo'okl] 'kSf{kd çn'kZu vkSj laiw.kZ O;fäRo ij udkjkRed çHkko Mky ldrh gSA vr% bl fo"k; ij v/;;u vko';d gSA ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp laca/k dk v/;;u djukA ijh{kk fpark ds dkj.kksa dh igpku djukA ijh{kk fpark dks de djus ds çHkkoh mik;ksa dk lq>ko nsukA D;k ijh{kk fpark 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor djrh gS ijh{kk fpark ds eq[; dkj.k D;k gSa\ ijh{kk fpark dks de djus ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls mik; çHkkoh gks ldrs gSa Ho ijh{kk fpark 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks udkjkRed :i ls Ho2 ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k dk mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd izHkko ugha ik;k tk;sxkA Ho3 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ijh{kk fpUrk dk mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd izHkko ugh ik;k tk;sxkA Ho4 fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpUrk ds lkFk ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds vk;keksa esa lkFkZd izHkko ugha ik;k tk;sxkA & dkVZj ohxqM ds erkuqlkj & ^^mís'; og iw.kZ fu/kkZfjr lk/; gksrk gS] tks fdlh dk;Z dk fØ;k dk ekxZ n'kZu djrk gSA** fdlh Hkh dk;Z dh lQyrk mlds mís';ksa rFkk mís';ksa ds lQy fØ;kou ij gh fuHkZj gksrh gSA mís'; gh fØ;kvksa dks fuf'pr fn'kk ,oa ekxZn'kZu iznku djrs gSA bu lkekU;hdj.kksa dks ns[krs gq,] izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds mís'; p;fur fd;s x;s gS] orZeku v/;;u ^^jktukanxk¡o Volume1 | Issue 4 | September 2025 s/k i= ds ek/;e ls ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp ds laca/k dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS rFkk ,sls mik;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ftuls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ekufld :i ls l'kä cuk;k tk lds vkSj muds ijh{kk vuqHko dks rukoiw.kZ ugha] cfYd mRlkgo/kZd cuk;k t k ldsA vkt ds fo|kFkhZ vR;f/kd vis{kkvksa] lkekftd rqyuk] vkSj vlQyrk ds Mj ls ekufld :i ls ncko esa jgrs gSaA ;fn ijh{kk fpark dks le; ij igpkuk vkSj fu;af=r ugha fd;k x;k] rks ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRefo'okl] O;fäRo ij udkjkRed çHkko Mky ldrh gSA vr% bl fo"k; ij v/;;u vko';d ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp laca/k dk v/;;u djukA ijh{kk fpark ds dkj.kksa dh igpku djukA ijh{kk fpark dks de djus ds çHkkoh mik;ksa dk lq>ko nsukA D;k ijh{kk fpark 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor djrh gS \ ijh{kk fpark dks de djus ds fy, dkSu&dkSu ls mik; çHkkoh gks ldrs gSa \ ijh{kk fpark 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrh gSA ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k dk mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd izHkko ugha ik;k tk;sxkA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ijh{kk fpUrk dk mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd izHkko ugh ik;k tk;sxkA fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpUrk ds lkFk ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds vk;keksa esa lkFkZd izHkko ugha xqM ds erkuqlkj & ^^mís'; og iw.kZ fu/kkZfjr lk/; gksrk gS] tks fdlh dk;Z dk fØ;k dk ekxZ n'kZu Hkh dk;Z dh lQyrk mlds mís';ksa rFkk mís';ksa ds lQy fØ;kou ij gh fuHkZj gksrh gSA mís'; gh fØ;kvksa dks fuf'pr fn'kk ,oa ekxZn'kZu iznku djrs gSA bu lkekU;hdj.kksa dks ns[krs gq,] izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds mís'; p;fur fd;s x;s gS] orZeku v/;;u ^^jktukanxk¡o ftys ds d{kk nloha ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 2025 P a g e | 553 s/k i= ds ek/;e ls ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp ds laca/k dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS rFkk ,sls mik;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ftuls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ekufld :i ls l'kä cuk;k tk lds vkSj muds vkt ds fo|kFkhZ vR;f/kd vis{kkvksa] lkekftd rqyuk] vkSj vlQyrk ds Mj ls ekufld :i ls ncko esa jgrs gSaA ;fn ijh{kk fpark dks le; ij igpkuk vkSj fu;af=r ugha fd;k x;k] rks ;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRefo'okl] O;fäRo ij udkjkRed çHkko Mky ldrh gSA vr% bl fo"k; ij v/;;u vko';d ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k dk mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd izHkko ugha ik;k tk;sxkA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ijh{kk fpUrk dk mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa lkFkZd izHkko ugh ik;k tk;sxkA fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpUrk ds lkFk ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds vk;keksa esa lkFkZd izHkko ugha xqM ds erkuqlkj & ^^mís'; og iw.kZ fu/kkZfjr lk/; gksrk gS] tks fdlh dk;Z dk fØ;k dk ekxZ n'kZu Hkh dk;Z dh lQyrk mlds mís';ksa rFkk mís';ksa ds lQy fØ;kou ij gh fuHkZj gksrh gSA mís'; gh fØ;kvksa dks fuf'pr fn'kk ,oa ekxZn'kZu iznku djrs gSA bu lkekU;hdj.kksa dks ns[krs gq,] izLrqr 'kks/k ftys ds d{kk nloha ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
The Chitransh Academic & Research ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k vkSj mudh ijh{kk fpark dk ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko dk v/;;u** fuEufyf[kr mís’;ksa ds vUrxZr fd;k x;k gS %& 1fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ijh{kk f pUrk] ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ,oa 'k 2fo|k fFkZ;ksadh ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ijikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 3fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ij ijh{kk fpUrk ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA 4ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds vk;keksa ds lkFk ijh{kk fpUrk ds Lrjksa dk v/;;u djukA 'kks/k çdkj% o.kZukRed (Descriptive) uewuk(Sample): 100 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ¼d{kk 9 ls 12 rd½ LFkku 'kgjh {ks= ds 3 fo|ky; ijh{kk fpark ekiu ç'ukoyh ¼ Test Anuiety Inventory okf"kZd ijh{kk ifj.kke ¼ Academic Records ç'ukoyh }kjk Nk=ksa dh ijh{kk fpark dk Lrj ekik x;k vkSj muds ijh{kk ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk rqyuk dh xbZA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k ls ;g ik;k x;k fd ftu Nk=ksa dks mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpark Fkh] mudk çn'kZu vkSlr ;k mlls uhps FkkA le ; çca/ku fl[kkuk% i<+kbZ dk fu;fer le; r; djukA ;ksx vkSj /;ku% ekufld 'kkafr ds fy, /;ku vkSj lk¡l dh rduhdA euksoSKkfud ijke'kZ% vko';drk vuqlkj dkmalfyax nsukA vfHkHkkodksa dh Hkwfedk% cPpksa dks lg;ksxkRed okrkoj.k nsuk] vR;f/kd vis{kk,a u j[kukA ijh {kk iwoZ rS;kjh% e‚d VsLV] xzqi fMLd'ku vkfn }kjk vkRefo'okl c<+kukA f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedk% Mj dh ctk; lh[kus ij tksj nsukA ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd ijh{kk fpark Nk=ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor djrh gSA ;fn le; jgrs mfpr mik; fd, tk,¡] rks u dsoy ijh{kk çn'kZu lq/kkjk tk ldrk gS] cfYd Nk=ksa ds ekufld LokLF; vkSj O;fäRo fodkl esa Hkh enn feyrh gSA ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp udkjkRed lg&laca/k ¼ Volume1 | Issue 4 | September 2025 ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k vkSj mudh ijh{kk fpark dk ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko dk v/;;u** fuEufyf[kr mís’;ksa ds pUrk] ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ,oa 'k Sf{kd miyfC/k;ksa dk v/;;uA fFkZ;ksadh ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ijikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ij ijh{kk fpUrk ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds vk;keksa ds lkFk ijh{kk fpUrk ds Lrjksa dk v/;;u djukA 100 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ¼d{kk 9 ls 12 rd½ Test Anuiety Inventory ½ Academic Records ½ ç'ukoyh }kjk Nk=ksa dh ijh{kk fpark dk Lrj ekik x;k vkSj muds ijh{kk ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk rqyuk dh xbZA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k ls ;g ik;k x;k fd ftu Nk=ksa dks mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpark Fkh] mudk çn'kZu vkSlr ; çca/ku fl[kkuk% i<+kbZ dk fu;fer le; r; djukA ;ksx vkSj /;ku% ekufld 'kkafr ds fy, /;ku vkSj lk¡l dh rduhdA euksoSKkfud ijke'kZ% vko';drk vuqlkj dkmalfyax nsukA vfHkHkkodksa dh Hkwfedk% cPpksa dks lg;ksxkRed okrkoj.k nsuk] vR;f/kd vis{kk,a u j[kukA {kk iwoZ rS;kjh% e‚d VsLV] xzqi fMLd'ku vkfn }kjk vkRefo'okl c<+kukA f'k{kdksa dh Hkwfedk% Mj dh ctk; lh[kus ij tksj nsukA ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd ijh{kk fpark Nk=ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor djrh gSA ;fn le; jgrs mfpr mik; ijh{kk çn'kZu lq/kkjk tk ldrk gS] cfYd Nk=ksa ds ekufld LokLF; vkSj O;fäRo fodkl ijh{kk fpark vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds chp udkjkRed lg&laca/k ¼ Negative Correlation 2025 P a g e | 554 ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k vkSj mudh ijh{kk fpark dk ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ij izHkko dk v/;;u** fuEufyf[kr mís’;ksa ds Sf{kd miyfC/k;ksa dk v/;;uA fFkZ;ksadh ’kSf{kd miyfC/k ijikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ds izHkko dk v/;;u djukA ç'ukoyh }kjk Nk=ksa dh ijh{kk fpark dk Lrj ekik x;k vkSj muds ijh{kk ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk rqyuk dh xbZA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k ls ;g ik;k x;k fd ftu Nk=ksa dks mPp Lrj dh ijh{kk fpark Fkh] mudk çn'kZu vkSlr vfHkHkkodksa dh Hkwfedk% cPpksa dks lg;ksxkRed okrkoj.k nsuk] vR;f/kd vis{kk,a u j[kukA ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd ijh{kk fpark Nk=ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor djrh gSA ;fn le; jgrs mfpr mik; ijh{kk çn'kZu lq/kkjk tk ldrk gS] cfYd Nk=ksa ds ekufld LokLF; vkSj O;fäRo fodkl Negative Correlation ½
The Chitransh Academic & Research ik;k x;kA ijh{kk fpark ds çeq[k dkj.kksa esa ekrk&firk dk ncko] Lo;a dh dh deh ikbZ xbZAftu Nk=ksa us /;ku rduhd] le; çca/ku vkSj ldkjkRed lksp dk vH;kl fd;k] muesa ijh{kk fpark vis{kk—r de FkhA fo|ky;ksa esa fu;fer :i ls ijh{kk iwoZ dk;Z'kkyk,¡ vk;ksftr dh tk,¡A ikBîØe esa e uksoSKkfud LokLF; vfHkHkkodksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks bl fo"k; esa tkx:d fd;k tk,A 'kekZ] vkj¼2021½f'k{kk euksfoKkufnYyh% feJk] ih¼2020½fo|kFkhZ ruko vkSj lek/kku Spielberger, C-D¼1980½Test Anu iety Inventory. Singh, A.K¼2019½Educational Psychology ₩ Volume1 | Issue 4 | September 2025 ijh{kk fpark ds çeq[k dkj.kksa esa ekrk&firk dk ncko] Lo;a dh vis{kk,a] le; çca/ku dh deh vkSj vkRefo'okl dh deh ikbZ xbZAftu Nk=ksa us /;ku rduhd] le; çca/ku vkSj ldkjkRed lksp dk vH;kl fd;k] muesa fo|ky;ksa esa fu;fer :i ls ijh{kk iwoZ dk;Z'kkyk,¡ vk;ksftr dh tk,¡A uksoSKkfud LokLF; dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tk,A vfHkHkkodksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dks bl fo"k; esa tkx:d fd;k tk,A fnYyh% cky Hkkjrh ifCyds'kuA fo|kFkhZ ruko vkSj lek/kku - okjk.klh% Kku xaxkA iety Inventory. Educational Psychology - ubZ fnYyh% çdk'ku x`gA 2025 P a g e | 555 vis{kk,a] le; çca/ku dh deh vkSj vkRefo'okl dh deh ikbZ xbZAftu Nk=ksa us /;ku rduhd] le; çca/ku vkSj ldkjkRed lksp dk vH;kl fd;k] muesa