THE LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF MAHMUD KASHGARI

41 THE LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF MAHMUD KASHGARI Embergenova Mapruza Abdiualievna Acting professor of the Department of Karakalpak Language of the Faculty of Turkic Languages of Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, the Republic of Karakalpakstan DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17703397 Abstract. The topic of Mahmud Kashgari's life and scientific heritage is devoted to the study of the scientific activity of the great scientist, who played an important role in the development of Turkish linguistics and culture. Mahmud Kashgari, who lived in the 11th century, was born and raised in Central Asia, especially in the city of Kashgar. His most famous work, "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" is a dictionary of the Turkish language, an important source not only for linguistics, but also for the study of the cultural and historical heritage of the Turkic peoples. Kashgari systematically analyzed the vocabulary, grammar, phonetics, and dialects of the Turkic language. His scientific activity was aimed at revealing the connections between Turkish languages and preserving the historical and cultural heritage of the Turkish people. This article provides detailed information about Kashgari's scientific approach, his methodological views, and his place in modern linguistics. Keywords: Mahmud Kashgari, "Devonul Lug'atit Turk", Turkic linguistics, Central Asian scholars, linguistics, Turkic language, lexicography. Introduction. Mahmud Kashgari was a great medieval Turkish scholar, linguist, and writer. He lived and worked in Central Asia in the 11th century, especially in the city of Kashgar. Kashgari's scientific heritage is not limited to the study of the Turkic language and its grammar, but is also of great importance in illuminating the culture, historical development, and traditions of the Turkic peoples. His most famous work is "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" - the creation of a dictionary of the Turkish language, which is of incomparable importance in the history of Turkish linguistics. In his work, Mahmud Kashgari scientifically analyzed the vocabulary, phonetics, syntax, and various dialects of the Turkish language, thereby transmitting the rich cultural heritage of the Turkish language to future generations. Kashgari's scientific activity and literary heritage made a great contribution not only to the science of linguistics of the Turkic people, but also to the cultural ties between them. Studying his works helps to better understand the cultural life of the Turkic peoples of that time, their attitude towards language and literature. Kashgari was one of the most influential scientists of his time, and his scientific heritage has not lost its significance to this day. LITERATURE REVIEW Mahmud Kashgari, with his scientific legacy, is one of the greatest representatives of medieval Turkish scholars. His works are considered as important sources in the study of linguistics, culture, and history of the Turkic people. The literature on Kashgari 42 includes extensive research in the fields of Turkish philology, historical linguistics, and cultural studies. The following literature serves as the main source for studying the life and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashgari: "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" is Mahmud Kashgari's most famous work and is considered the main source for analyzing the Turkish language and its dialects. The work provides important information on the vocabulary, phonetics, syntax, and semantics of the Turkish language. Kashgari also shows in his work the connection of the Turkish language with Arabic, Persian, and other languages. This work is one of the main sources of modern Turkish linguistics. "Mahmud Kashgari and his work "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" (Kasimov, 1988) - this scientific work is dedicated to the analysis of Mahmud Kashgari's work. Having studied Kashgari's dictionary and its scientific significance, the author provides in-depth analysis of the richness of the Turkic language and dialects presented in the work [1]. Mirzaeva, L. “The development of Central Asian linguistics”, in particular, the scientific activity of Mahmud Kashgari and his contribution to linguistics are highlighted [2], “Mahmud Kashgari: Life and Scientific Heritage”. (Karimov, S. 2015) is provided about the life, scientific activity, and achievements of Mahmud Kashgari in the field of linguistics [3]. The Languages of the Turkic People. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. (Doerfer, G.V. 1976). studies the languages of the Turkic peoples and compares the common features of Turkic languages, based on Mahmud Kashgari's dictionary [4]. History of the Turkic Language. Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. (Süleymanov, A. 1980) aimed at studying the history of the Turkic language through Mahmud Kashgari's work, which analyzes Kashgari's contribution to linguistics [5]. About Mahmud Kashgari and his scientific heritage (Suyunov, T. 2008) aimed at studying Kashgari's scientific heritage, his role in the development of the Turkic language, and his contribution to cultural studies [6]. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS The study of the life and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashgari requires a deep analysis of the history of the Turkic language and culture. His works, in particular, "Devonul Lug'atit Turk", should be analyzed not only from the point of view of linguistics, but also from historical, cultural, and ethnographic aspects. The research methodology and empirical analysis in this process include two main approaches: the linguistic approach and the cultural approach. Research methodology The following methodological approaches are used in the study of the life and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashgari: 43 Historical-methodological approach: It is important to study Kashgari's scientific heritage in a historical context, to determine the historical development of the Turkic language in his works and its role in this development. With the help of this methodology, it is possible to analyze how Kashgari's dictionary and linguistic works influenced the science of linguistics of that time. Vocabulary and linguistic approaches: The methodology of lexicography plays an important role in the study of Kashgari's work "Devonul Lug'atit Turk". Through this method, it is possible to analyze the vocabulary, grammar, phonetics, and semantics of the Turkish language. Kashgari's linguistic approach is studied by identifying the meanings of words and phrases, their dialectal differences, synonyms and antonyms. Comparative approach: The comparative method is used in the analysis of the interaction of the Turkic language, Arabic, Persian, and other Eastern languages in Kashgari's works. Through this approach, the specific features of the Turkish language, its connection with other languages, and mutual changes are determined. Ethnographic and cultural approaches: Kashgari's works reflect not only the language, but also the customs, culture, and life of the Turkic peoples. Therefore, the study of his scientific heritage based on the methodology of cultural studies is important in analyzing the life and lifestyle of the Turkic peoples. This approach helps to understand the cultural, historical, and ethnographic meanings of the words cited in Kashgari's dictionary. Linguistic-semantic approach: Analysis of Kashgari's works from a linguisticsemantic point of view allows us to study the contextual meanings, phonetic and semantic features of his words. With the help of this methodology, an in-depth analysis of the words given in the work and their use is carried out. Empirical analysis: Empirical analysis includes the practical study of Mahmud Kashgari's works, a number of practical studies, and the collection of empirical data in the analysis of his scientific heritage. This analysis will be carried out in the following areas: Word analysis and lexicography: Empirical analysis of the vocabulary of the Turkish language through Kashgari's work "Devonu Lughatit Turk." In this process, such aspects as the semantic and syntactic features of the words given in Kashgari's dictionary, how they are used, synonyms and antonyms, dialectal differences are determined. Based on empirical data, the connection and changes of words with modern Turkic languages are studied. 44 Analysis of dialectal differences: Different dialects of the Turkish language are presented in "Devonu Lughatit Turk." Through empirical analysis, the specific features, phonetic and morphological differences of these dialects, as well as their place in the history of the Turkic language, are studied. Through this approach, the methodological aspects of Kashgari's scientific approach are deeply analyzed. Kashgari's linguistic methodology: Mahmud Kashgari developed new approaches to the grammar, phonetics, semantics, and syntax of the Turkish language in his work. With the help of empirical analysis, the effectiveness of Kashgari's methodology and his contribution to linguistics are studied. Cultural and ethnographic analysis: through an empirical approach to the analysis of the culture and traditions of the Turkic peoples in Kashgari's works, information about the life and way of life of the Turkic peoples is revealed. Through this analysis, the contribution of ethnographic elements reflected in Kashgari's work to modern cultural studies is studied. Comparative analysis: By comparing words and phrases in Mahmud Kashgari's dictionary with Arabic and Persian, the connections of the Turkic language with other Eastern languages are studied. This comparative analysis helps to understand the changes in the development of the Turkish language and its interaction with other languages. The chosen research methodology and methods of empirical analysis for studying the life and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashgari allow us to cover the depth of scientific developments, various aspects of his scientific heritage. Combining the methods of linguistics, cultural studies, and historiography in the analysis of Kashgari's works contributes to a comprehensive understanding and study of his scientific heritage. Results The results of studying the life and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashgari show that his scientific activity is important not only in linguistics, but also in the field of cultural studies and historical research. Below are the main findings on Kashgari's scientific legacy and his life: Kashgari, who made an important contribution to the study of the Turkish language and its richness, deeply analyzed the vocabulary, grammatical and phonetic features of the Turkish language through his work "Devonul Lug'atit Turk". More than 7,000 words, dialectal differences, synonyms, and antonyms presented in the work had a great influence on the development of Turkish linguistics. Kashgari's work serves as an important source for studying the connection of the Turkic language with ancient and modern languages. He illuminated the culture and history of the Turkic peoples: Kashgari not only studied the Turkic language, but also reflected the culture, customs, and historical development of the Turkic peoples in his work. The work provides 45 information about the life, social structures, and ethnographic characteristics of the Turkic peoples. This is important for understanding the history of the Turkic peoples from the point of view of cultural studies. Innovative approaches in linguistics: Kashgari introduced innovative approaches to the methodology of linguistics. He analyzed the Turkish language and its dialects not only in terms of words, but also in their historical and cultural context. This approach created new methodological foundations in linguistics, and Kashgari's scientific activity made a great contribution to the science of linguistics. Preserving the Identity of the Turkic Peoples: Mahmud Kashgari's work played an important role in preserving the identity of the Turkic peoples and transmitting their language and culture to future generations. His work is considered one of the first major scientific efforts aimed at collecting the common historical and cultural heritage of the Turkic peoples. International scientific connections and influence: Kashgari's scientific legacy contributed not only to Turkish linguistics but also to the study of its connections with other Eastern languages, particularly Arabic and Persian. In his work, he showed the similarities and differences between the Turkish language and other languages, which served to develop international scientific relations in the field of linguistics. The contemporary scientific significance of Kashgari: Mahmud Kashgari's works are still invaluable for Turkish linguistics, cultural studies, and historical linguistic research today. His work "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" continues to be the main source for studying the peculiarities of the Turkish language. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Mahmud Kashgari is a great scholar who played an important role in the development of the Turkish language, the study of its structure and richness, as well as the preservation of the cultural heritage of the Turkic peoples. The work "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" reflects the subtlety and methodological depth of his scientific approach. Kashgari's works remain an important source in Turkish linguistics and cultural studies to this day. The chosen research methodology and methods of empirical analysis for studying the life and scientific heritage of Mahmud Kashgari allow us to cover the depth of scientific developments, various aspects of his scientific heritage. Combining the methods of linguistics, cultural studies, and historiography in the analysis of Kashgari's works contributes to a comprehensive understanding and study of his scientific heritage. Mahmud Kashgari's scientific heritage, his work "Dīwān al-Lughat al-Turk" and his contribution to linguistics are among the major achievements of the Turkic peoples in the fields of linguistics, cultural studies, and historiography. Kashgari's work remains an 46 important scientific source not only for that period, but also for subsequent centuries. His scientific activity and methodology continue to study the development of the Turkish language and its cultural heritage to this day. References: 1. Qosimov, A. (1988). Mahmud Koshg'ariy va uning "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" asari. Toshkent: O'zbekiston Milliy Akademiyasi Nashriyoti. 2. Mirzaeva, L. (2002). O'rta Osiyo tilshunosligi tarixi. Toshkent: Fan. 3. Karimov, S. (2015). Mahmud Koshg'ariy: Hayoti va ilmiy merosi. Toshkent: Sharq. 4. Doerfer, G.V. (1976). The Languages of the Turkic Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 5. Süleymanov, A. (1980). Türk Dilinin Tarihi. Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. 6. Suyunov, T. (2008). Mahmud Koshg'ariy va uning ilmiy merosi. Bishkek: Manas. 7. Sirojiddinov, I. (1993). Mahmud Koshg'ariyning "Devonul Lug'atit Turk" asaridagi lingvistik aspektlar. Toshkent: Fan. 8. Kurbanov, F. (2011). Turk xalqlarining etnografiyasi va madaniy merosi. Toshkent: O'zbekiston. 9. Gafurov, M. (1994). O'rta Osiyo xalqlari va ularning madaniyati. 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