UCL LCCOS – Library, Culture Collections, Open Science Dr Paul Ayris, FRHistS Pro-Vice-Provost (UCL LCCOS) Chair, LERU Group for Open Science Ambassadors Chair, OAI14 Scientific Organising Committee E-mail:
[email protected] LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-ayris-aa4bb72/ ORCID: 0000-0002-6273-411X The Future of Open Access beyond Transformative Agreements
UCL LCCOS Content Open Science as a journey Transformative Agreements Rights Retention UCL Publications Policy (2025) Diamond Open Access A World View Conclusions Global North Global South 2 UCL Portico, 1826
UCL LCCOS Open Science as a Journey START DESTINATION
UCL LCCOS 4 Open Access publishing Gold Diamond Transformative Agreements Rights Retention Services Open Journals Collective Funding Funders SCOSS Advocacy Public Infrastructures Barcelona Declaration Green Hybrid
UCL LCCOS Transformative Agreements TAs have been a successful mechanism to constrain costs when reviewing at the sector level. The 2022 Jisc TAs (excluding Springer Nature) have delivered actual cost savings of £16.7m to subscribing institutions in the first year of the agreement when compared to expenditure in the preceding year7 Transformative Agreements are a temporary mechanism to support publishers with transitioning titles to be fully OA 5 A review of transitional agreements in the UK, published by Jisc in 2024 - https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/a-review-of-transitional-agreements-in-the-uk
UCL LCCOS Transformative Agreements As an early adopter of transformative agreements, the UK appears to be transitioning to open access more effectively than the global average. In 2022, the number of UK open access articles was 4% higher than the global average (UK: 50%; global 46%) Based on the journal flipping rates observed between 2018 – 2022 it would take at least 70 years for the big five publishers to flip their TA titles to OA 6 A review of transitional agreements in the UK, published by Jisc in 2024 - https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/a-review-of-transitional-agreements-in-the-uk
UCL LCCOS Transformative Agreements Transparency on how OA publishing charges are costed remains elusive; most TA publishers do not provide detailed expenses and revenue breakdown. As of July 2023 only nine of the 38 TA publishers had submitted data to cOAlition S’s Journal Comparison Service (JCS)17 7 A review of transitional agreements in the UK, published by Jisc in 2024 - https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/a-review-of-transitional-agreements-in-the-uk
UCL LCCOS 8 Open Access publishing Gold Diamond Transformative Agreements Rights Retention Services Open Journals Collective Funding Funders SCOSS Advocacy Public Infrastructures Barcelona Declaration Green Hybrid
UCL LCCOS Rights retention Rights retention is a strategy that allows authors of academic articles to retain certain rights to their work, even after signing a copyright transfer agreement with a publisher. This enables authors to share and reuse their work more freely, such as by depositing it in institutional repositories or sharing it within their research communities 9 Plaster Relief by John Flaxman, Flaxman Gallery, UCL
UCL LCCOS Funding Global Sustainability Coalition for Open Science Services (SCOSS), established in 2017, is a network of influential organisations committed to helping secure OA and OS infrastructure well into the future https://scoss.org/ SCOSS facilitates a crowdfundinglike model where these contributors pledge support to selected, noncommercial Open Science infrastructures for a defined period Three services may be selected for funding each year 16 Photo by Reynaldo #brigworkz Brigantty from Pexels: https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-steelpet-cage-with-one-dollar-747113/
UCL LCCOS Advocacy LERU Open Science Ambassadors, which I now chair Produced an advocacy paper on shared Open Access infrastructures LERU's Public Infrastructure Taskforce (PIT) has addressed the issue of digital sovereignty. The PIT envisages an open and public infrastructure landscape with a number of specific characteristics https://zenodo.org/records/8328514 I intend to create a public Briefing paper on these issues Barcelona Declaration (2024) - https://barcelonadeclaration.org/ Openness the default Declaration will support the sustainability of infrastructures for open research information They will support collective action 17 From FREEPiK
UCL LCCOS What is happening across the world? 18 NASA/Goddard/ Arizona State University OA Diamond Study 2021, p. 32
UCL LCCOS Analysis 19 AI-generated from FREEPIK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_open_access#cite _note-OA_Diamond_Study_2021_32-41 Europe has a tradition of commercial publishers Majority of diamond open access journals are published in Latin America (around 25%) and Europe (around 45%) Diamond model is especially prevalent in Latin America, with 95% of open access journals registered in DOAJ, and in Eastern Europe (81%) Progress in Latin America was largely structured around publicly supported platforms like Redalyc, or Scielo rather than APC-based publishers
UCL LCCOS Transformative Agreements do not deliver all Open Science solutions They are not equitable, and they re-inforce current high pricing in the journals market Digital Sovereignty tends to support the Diamond OA model Latin America is an example of what can be done 20
UCL LCCOS Position in the Global North Has Europe taken a wrong step in backing Transformative Agreements? TAs take too long to deliver 100% OA, are not equitable and bake high costs into the system North America has not taken a leadership role in the OA space UK cannot lead because of the prevalence of well-established commercial publishers There is a leadership gap, with a need for someone to fill it 21 Free for use under the Pixabay Content License
UCL LCCOS The Global South 22 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global _North_and_Global_South China has the ability to be a world leader in our Open Science journey Their role as an emerging voice in global research outputs gives China the opportunity to influence global developments Hong Kong can be the bridge between China and the Global North It is a unique role with enormous opportunities
UCL LCCOS And finally… Thank you for your attention Happy to hear questions and comments E-mail: [email protected]c.uk 23 UCL Student Centre
