Typification of Primula L. taxa names (Primulaceae), described by A. Franchet in 1886 from China and Eastern Tibet

2019 ● 41 ● 9 adansonia Adansonia est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris Adansonia is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Bryologie, Mycologie. 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Endress (Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich) P. Feldmann (Cirad, Montpellier) L. Gautier (Conservatoire et Jardins botaniques de la Ville de Genève) F. Ghahremaninejad (Kharazmi University, Téhéran) K. Iwatsuki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo) K. Kubitzki (Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg) J.-Y. Lesouef (Conservatoire botanique de Brest) P. Morat (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) J. Munzinger (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier) S. E. Rakotoarisoa (Millenium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo) É. A. Rakotobe (Centre d’Applications des Recherches pharmaceutiques, Antananarivo) P. H. Raven (Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis) G. Tohmé (Conseil national de la Recherche scientifique Liban, Beyrouth) J. G. West (Australian National Herbarium, Canberra) J. R. Wood (Oxford) couverture / covEr : Lectotype of Primula membranifolia Franch. (P04544200). Adansonia est indexé dans / Adansonia is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences® – Scopus® Adansonia est distribué en version électronique par / Adansonia is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) 75 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.adansonia.com MOTS CLÉS E. Drake del Castillo, A. David, J.M. Delavay, spécimens types, lectotypifications. KEY WORDS E. Drake del Castillo, A. David, J.M. Delavay, type specimens, lectotypifications. Nataliya KOVTONYUK USU-Herbarium CSBG SB RAS (NS, NSK), Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya St. 101, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia) [email protected] Véronique DURAND-ANDRO Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Herbier, case postale 39, 57, rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) veronique.andr[email protected] Submitted on 5 October 2018 | accepted on 20 December 2018 | published on 1 July 2019 Kovtonyuk N. & Durand-Andro V. 2019. — Typification of Primula L. taxa names (Primulaceae), described by A. Franchet in 1886 from China and Eastern Tibet. Adansonia, sér. 3, 41 (9): 75-89. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2019v41a9. http://adansonia.com/41/9 ABSTRACT French botanist A.R. Franchet (1834-1900) has described near 60 taxa in the genus Primula L., 16 taxa from them were discussed in a first publication. Our current paper will continue the researches devoted to the typification of Primula names, on the base of expert studying the specimens in herbaria BM, E, G, K, LE, MHA, MW, NS, NSK, P, W, WU, Z and open databases. In 1886 Franchet published an article: “Observations sur deux Primula monocarpiques de la Chine et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles de la Chine et du Thibet oriental” and described 11 new species: P. davidii Franch., P. forbesii Franch., P. heucherifolia Franch., P. incisa Franch., P. malacoides, Franch. P. malvacea Franch., P. membranifolia Franch., P. moupinensis Franch., P. oreodoxa Franch., P. ovalifolia Franch. and P. poissonii Franch. For P. davidii and P. heucherifolia we found only one herbarium sheet for each and they will be holotypes. For eight species: P. forbesii, P. malacoides, P. malvacea, P. membranifolia, P. moupinensis, P. oreodoxa, P. ovalifolia and P. poissonii were selected lectotypes from several herbarium sheets. The name Primula incisa is later homonym and early was used by Lamarck (1779), so correct name for this taxon is P. blinii H. Lév. RÉSUMÉ Typification des noms de taxons Primula L. (Primulaceae), décrits par A.R. Franchet en 1886 de Chine et du Tibet oriental. Le botaniste français A.R. Franchet (1834-1900) a décrit près de 60 taxons dans le genre Primula L., dont 16 ont fait l’objet de discussions dans une première publication. Notre présent article poursuit les recherches consacrées à la typification des noms de Primula, sur la base de l’étude experte des spécimens dans les herbiers BM, E, G, K, LE, MHA, MW, NS, NSK, P, W, WU, Z et dans les bases de données en ligne. En 1886, A.R. Franchet publia un article : « Observations sur deux Primula monocarpiques de la Chine et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles de la Chine et du Thibet oriental » et y décrivit 11 nouvelles espèces. Pour P. davidii et P. heucherifolia , nous avons trouvé seulement une part d’herbier, ce sont donc des holotypes. Pour huit espèces : P. forbesii Franch., P. malacoides Franch., P. malvacea Franch., P. membranifolia Franch., P. moupinensis Franch., P. oreodoxa Franch., P. ovalifolia Franch. et P. poissonii Franch., des lectotypes ont été désignés provenant de différents herbiers. Le nom Primula incisa est un homonyme postérieur et a été utilisé par Lamarck en 1779, le nom correct pour ce taxon est donc P. blinii H. Lév. Typification of Primula L. taxa names (Primulaceae), described by A. Franchet in 1886 from China and Eastern Tibet 76 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) Kovtonyuk N. & Durand-Andro V. INTRODUCTION The genus Primula L. has about 500 species, the biggest concentration of them was found in the Himalaya and western China (Richards 2003). The Herbarium of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, P) is estimated to hold about 8 million preserved specimens from around the world, but particularly in France, francophone Africa, New Caledonia, Madagascar, Southeast Asia (with China), and French Guiana. The scientific names of Primula plants are frequently misapplied to plants in cultivation. Although the application of scientific names is determined by the use of nomenclatural types, as stated in Art. 7.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN) (Turland et al. 2018), the requirement to indicate a type when publishing a new taxon applies only to names published on or after January 1st 1958. Consequently, many names published before then were not typified, thereby creating confusion for botanists and horticulturists in the identification and verification of taxa. Nevertheless, many herbarium specimens and other historical collections associated with plant names published before 1958 are now available via virtual herbaria, such as MNHN, assisting research on these taxa (Belyaeva et al. 2018). French botanist Emmanuel Drake del Castillo (28 December 1855-14 May 1904) was born in Paris and studied with L.E. Bureau at the MNHN. Drake assembled a herbarium that contained more than 500 000 specimens from around the world. He acquired several important herbaria including that of Adrien Franchet in 1880, which contained plants collected in Japan by Dr. Savatier and material from Abbé David’s travels in China and Mongolia. Drake’s herbarium also included duplicates sent from the MNHN. He died in 1904 at Saint-Cyran-du-Jambot, bequeathing his collections to the Paris herbarium. As a consequence, the Paris herbarium can contain several sheets of the same gathering that unquestionably constitute duplicates but whose labels may not be identical. Adrien René Franchet (1834-1900) was a French botanist, based at the Paris Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. He is noted for his extensive work describing the flora of China and Japan, based on the collections made by French Catholic missionaries in China, Armand David, Pierre Jean Marie Delavay, Paul Guillaume Farges, Jean-André Soulié, and others. A.R. Franchet was the taxonomic author of many plants, including a 60 number of species from the genera Primula (Franchet 1885, 1886, 1887, 1898). In many cases, the original descriptions of Primula taxa were based on one or a few different gatherings, comprising several specimens which were sent to different herbaria. Consequently, a high number of isotypes and syntypes can be found for some names. The modern revision of various Primula taxa during the inspection of material in some important herbaria (BM, E, G, K, LE, MHA, MW, NS, NSK, P, W, WU, Z) and using Databases of herbarium collections through internet, have revealed the need to restrict the typifications of several names. In our first publication (Kovtonyuk 2017), devoted to Franchet’s paper “Les Primula du Yun-nan” Franchet (1885), 16 taxa were discussed and 11 of them were lectotypified. In 1886, in “Observations sur deux Primula monocarpiques de la Chine et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles de la Chine et du Thibet oriental”, Franchet described again 11 new species of Primula. Many of these herbarium sheets have type status as “isotypus”, but instead in the protologue Franchet did not mark the first sheet as “typus”, he listed some collection points. As the protologue citation does not refer to a single specimen, all specimens that correspond to the original description have to be treated as syntypes. According to Art. 9.6 of the ICN: a syntype is any specimen cited in the protologue when there is no holotype, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated in the protologue as types. Reference to an entire gathering or a part thereof, is considered citation of the included specimens (Turland et al. 2018). Since usually M. A. Franchet (1886) did not make any formal type designation when describing Primula taxa, the herbarium sheets kept at P Herbarium, where he worked during a long time, are designated here as the lectotypes, isolectotypes or syntypes. LECTOTYPIFICATIONS Primula davidii Franch. (Fig. 1) In Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 33: 66 (1886). — Franch., Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, sér. 2, X: 56, pl. 14, fig. A (1887). — Smith & Fletcher, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 61: 309 (1944). — Hu & Kelso, Flora of China 15: 142 (1996). — Richards, Primula: 162 (2003). — In protologue: [China, West Sichuan] “Thibet oriental, Moupine, dans les parties fraîches des hautes montagnes, fin d’avril 1869 (Arm. David)”. Holotypus. — China. West Sichuan, “Moupine, Thibet or., fin d’avril 1869. Primula, fl. violettes, haute forêt fraîche”, David s.n. (holo-, P[P00649650]!). RemaRk We found three herbarium sheets of P. davidii in P Herbarium, only one of them with the handwritten label which has almost full equal to protologue and collected by Armand David in April 1869, according to ICN, art. 9.1, this herbarium sheet may be holotype. Comments The herbarium sheet of P. davidii P00649651, marked as “type” in P Herbarium database, has not handwritten label and date “avril 1869”, so it cannot be type specimen. The third herbarium sheet P04571715 without date and place is not type too. Herbarium specimen from the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew: “Herb. Mus. Paris, Chine (Tibet Oriental), Prov. de Moupin, Hautes prairies fraiches, mars 1869, M l’Abbé David”, K000750146! was collected in March 1869, so it cannot be type, as its photocopy in Royal Botanical Gardens Edinburgh E00024321! 77 Typification of Primula L. taxa names described by A. Franchet ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) fig. 1. — Holotype of Primula davidii Franch. (P00649650). 78 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) Kovtonyuk N. & Durand-Andro V. W. W. Smith & H. R. Fletcher (1944: 309) wrote: “[…] the paucity of material of P. davidii in any herbarium is unfortunate […] Franchet has given two descriptions and a figure: it is founding in moist shady alpine woods; it is ‘planta speciosisima’, it is one of the most ornamental species in the genus by reason of its large violet-purple flowers; its leaves recall those of P. petiolaris and calyx that of P. obconica. The data in this review are based on the statements of Franchet and on the co-type in the Kew Herbarium (the term “cotype” is not being used in ICN now, it is the old name for paratype and syntype – comment authors), which is, however, somewhat meager when compared with the Franchetian figure. It may be noted here that specimens collected by Farges and referred at Paris to P. davidii will be found under P. fagosa […]”. Primula forbesii Franch. (Fig. 2) In Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 33: 64 (1886). — Hu & Kelso, Flora of China 15: 116 (1996); Richards, Primula: 121 (2003). — In protologue: “[China] Yun-nan, Tapintze près de Tali, dans les marais et au bord des canaux – Avril 1884. (Delavay, nos 311 et 858). s yntypes . — France. Herb. Mus. Paris, Plantes de Chine (Province Yun-nan), Primula forbesii, in orizetis prope Tapin-tze, IV.1884, Delavay 858 (syn-, E[E00024171]!; G[G00440585, G00440586]!; K[K000750036]!; LE[LE01031990]!; MPU[MPU022035, MPU022036]; NY[NY00329542]; P[P01029599]. China (Yunnan). Lieux marécageux, bord des rizières (commune), fl. roses, fleurit tout l’hiver et le printemps. Ta-pin-tze, près de Ta-li, 6.II.1885, Delavay 858 (syn-, P[P04567401, P04567391]). — Terrains marécageux à Ta-pin-tze, 31.I.1883, Delavay 311 (syn-, P[P01029601, P01029602, P04567409, P05250285]). — Sine loco, Delavay 311 (syn-, P[P04567380, P04567403]). China (Ta-pin-tze). III.1884, Delavay 311 (syn-, P[P04567379]). l eCtotype ( HeRe designated ). — China, Yunnan. Primula, fl. roses, marais et bord des canaux, Ta-pintze près de Tali, IV.1884, Delavay s.n. (lecto-, P[P04567410]!; isolecto-, P[P04567405]!). RemaRks We found 54 herbarium sheets with P. forbesii in P herbarium database. Part of them with full handwritten text and no. 858, but date 1885 (P04567391, P04567401), some with no. 311 and short text according protologue, but date “mars 1884” (P04567379), or “janvier 1883” (P04567409, P05250285, P01029601 and P01029602), or just the no. 311, without locality and date (P04567380 and P04567403). Some others with n° 858 and date “avril 1884” but with text “in rizière prope Tapin-tze” (P01029599). There are also specimens which have no number but the locality, date and collector’s name correspond to the protologue exactly (P04567405, P04567410). All of them are syntypes. According to Art. 9.6 and Rec. 9A of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018) among syntypes one of the herbarium specimens may be chosen as lectotype. Primula heucherifolia Franch. (Fig. 3) In Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 33: 65(1886). — Hu & Kelso, Flora of China 15: 124 (1996); Richards, Primula: 142 (2003). — In protologue: “[China] Thibet oriental, dans les lieux inondés des montagnes élevées – juin 1869 (A. David)”. RemaRk We found only one herbarium sheet, the label text is fully consistent with the protologue. It is holotype P04567576!, photocopy in E (E00024801). Primula malacoides Franch. (Fig. 4) In Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 33: 64(1886). — Hu & Kelso, Flora of China 15: 116 (1996); Richards, Primula: 121 (2003). — In protologue: “[China]Yun-nan, dans les champs cultivés à Tali. – 29 mars 1884. (Delavay, no. 119 et 312.)”. syntypes. — China. Yunnan, Les champs, dans la plaine de Ta-li, le 23.I.1883, Delavay 312 (syn-, P [P04544289]). — Enclos du jardin Le Guilcher à Ta-li, 23.I.1883, Delavay 312 (syn-, P[P04544291]); jardin de M. Le Guilcher à Ta-li, fl. roses, 29.III.1884, Delavay 1119 (syn-, P[P04544286]); bord des champs à Ta-li. Dans le jardin de M. Le Guilcher, fl. roses, 29.III.1884, Delavay s.n. (syn-, P[P04544287]). — sine loco, Delavay 312, (syn-, P[P04544290], MPU[MPU022030]); Delavay 1119 (syn-, L[L0006473]). leCtotype (HeRe designated). — China, Yunnan. Primula, fl. roses, les champs cultivés à Tali, 29.III.1884, Delavay 1119 (lecto-, P[P04544285]!; isolecto-, K[K000750029]!, P[P04544267]!). Comments We found three sheets with P. malacoides no. 1119 (it was misprinted in number “119” in the protologue), and with date ‘29 mars 1884’ (P04544267, P04544285, P04544286) and one without date, but with no. 1119, collected by Delavay. Herbarium specimens with “no. 312” were collected on another date or have no date on the labels. All of them are syntypes. According to Art. 9 and Rec. 9A of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018) among syntypes one of the herbarium specimens may be chosen as lectotype. We chose as lectotype specimens with handwritten text of label more correspond to the protologue. RemaRk We suggest that P04544286 and P04544287 are the same gathering, because these specimens were collected in the same locality (garden of M. Le Guilcher) and at the same date. And on P04544286, we have the impression that “Primula, fl. roses, no. 1119” was added further. Primula malvacea Franch. (Fig. 5) Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 33: 65 (1886). — Pax, Engler’s Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 10: 167 (1889). — Pax & Knuth, Primulaceae in Engler’s Pflanzenreich IV: 26 (1905). — Hu & 79 Typification of Primula L. taxa names described by A. Franchet ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) fig. 2. — Lectotype of Primula forbesii Franch. (P04567410). 80 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) Kovtonyuk N. & Durand-Andro V. fig. 3. — Holotype of Primula heucherifolia Franch. (P04567576). 81 Typification of Primula L. taxa names described by A. Franchet ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) fig. 4. — Lectotype of Primula malacoides Franch. (P04544285). 88 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) Kovtonyuk N. & Durand-Andro V. fig. 10. — Lectotype of Primula poissonii Franch. (P00649672). 89 Typification of Primula L. taxa names described by A. Franchet ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 2019 • 41 (9) Acknowledgements We would like to thank curators of herbarium collections BM, E, G, K, LE, MHA, MW, NSK, NS (UNU_440537), P, SVER, VLA, VBGI, W, WU, Z for the possibility to work with specimens and specially Dr Irina Sokolova (LE) and Dr Irina Belyaeva (K) for the consultations. We are especially grateful to Dr Porter Pete Lowry for his advice and his help on collection of Herbarium Drake del Castillo and the nomenclature, but also for valuable suggestions that helped to improve the manuscript. We also thankful Thierry Deroin and a anonymous reviewer for their useful comments on the article. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 15-2902429) in working trip to LE Herbarium (Sankt-Petersburg, Russia) and the base project VI.52.1.5. (state reg. AAAA-A17-117012610055-3). REFERENCES Belyaeva i. v., epantCHintseva o. v., govaeRts R. H. a., mCginn k., Hunnex J. & kuzovkina yu. a. 2018. — The application of scientific names to plants in cultivation: Salix vitellina L. and related taxa (Salicaceae). Skvortsovia 4 (2): 42-70. FRanCHet a. 1885. — Les Primula du Yun-nan. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 32: 264-273. https://biodiversitylibrary. org/page/164452 FRanCHet a. 1886. — Observations sur deux Primula monocarpiques de la Chine et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles de la Chine et du Thibet Oriental. Bulletin de la Société botanique de France 33: 61-70. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/614252 FRanCHet a. 1887. — Plantae Davidianae ex Sinarum Imperio. Plantes du Thibet Oriental (Province de Moupine). 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