Formulation and evaluation of an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant polyherbal capsule

 Corresponding author: Pooja Dattatray Gaykar Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. Formulation and evaluation of an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant polyherbal capsule Pooja Dattatray Gaykar 1, Prachi Nandkumar Padwal 2, *, Asmita Anil Hulawale 1, Shrutika Subhash Gajare 1, Rutuja Sharad Ghadge 1 and Dhanshri Subhash Jadhav 1 1 Student of Samarth Institute of Pharmacy Belhe, Pune, Maharashtra. 2 Assistant Professor from department Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Technique, Samarth Institute Of Pharmacy Belhe, Pune, Maharashtra. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 Publication history: Received on 23 September 2025; revised on 01 November 2025; accepted on 03 November 2025 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2025.24.2.0964 Abstract This study focused on the formulation and evaluation of a Polyherbal capsule incorporating the powders of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma longa (Turmeric), and Phyllanthus embolic (Amla). The primary goal was to develop a single therapeutic formulation capable of delivering nutritional, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory benefits. The selected herbs are known for their complementary properties: Moringa for its nutrient density and potent antioxidant capacity, Turmeric for its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and Amla as an excellent source of Vitamin C and an immunity-enhancing agent. The capsule was prepared by dry-mixing the herbal powders with excipients, specifically microcrystalline cellulose (filler) and magnesium stearate (lubricant), before filling into size 0 hard gelatin capsules. Evaluation was performed using parameters such as organoleptic characteristics, weight variation, disintegration time, moisture content, bulk density, tapped density, and angle of repose. The results demonstrate that the polyherbal capsule serves as an effective nutraceutical formulation for supporting the immune system, enhancing antioxidant defense, and promoting overall general health . Keywords: Polyherbal Formulation; Moringa Oleifera; Curcuma Longa; Phyllanthus Embolic 1. Introduction Herbal medicines have maintained a significant role in health management for centuries, underpinning traditional systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani [4]. Due to increasing global apprehension regarding the side effects of synthetic pharmaceuticals, there is a distinct global trend toward plant-based nutraceuticals and polyherbal formulations, which are perceived as more effective, safer, and holistic in their approach to health management [5]. A polyherbal formulation combines two or more medicinal plants to achieve enhanced therapeutic synergy, improve overall bioavailability, and optimize patient adherence [6]. The formulation presented here is a combination capsule of Amla, Turmeric, and Moringa powders, all of which are widely studied and traditionally utilized medicinal plants offering complementary health advantages. These herbs work synergistically to provide beneficial effects in human nutritional management. The appeal of polyherbal formulations is largely due to their broad therapeutic range, which includes a high safety profile even at elevated doses, resulting in minimal adverse effects when used excessively [7]. The combination of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma longa, and Phyllanthus emblica is anticipated to provide a synergistic effect in improving antioxidant defense, supporting overall health, and boosting immunity World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 296 2. Herbal Components and Therapeutic Potential 2.1. Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) Figure 1 Moringa Oleifera leaf The drumstick tree, scientifically known as Moringa oleifera, belongs to the Marantaceae family. It is an indigenous tree originating from Northern India and Nepal, where all its components—including the leaves, seeds, flowers, and bark— are considered medicinal [8]. 2.2. Chemical Constituents Moringa powder is exceptionally rich in a diverse array of bioactive compounds and nutrients [9] • Vitamins: Significant levels of vitamins A, C, and E, along with various B vitamins like folate, thiamine, and riboflavin. • Minerals: A rich reservoir of essential minerals including calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc. • Antioxidants: Potent antioxidants such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and ascorbic acid, which shield cells against free radical-induced damage [10]. • Amino acids: Moringa provides all nine indispensable amino acids, rendering it a complete protein source. 2.3. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Figure 2 Turmeric Turmeric is the dried rhizome of the perennial herbaceous plant Curcuma longa, which belongs to the Zingiberoside family. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 297 2.3.1. Chemical Constituents The primary active component is curcumin, a polyphenol well-known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics [12]. Other essential curcuminoids include • Desmethoxycurcumin (DMC) • Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) • Volatile oils: Such as turmerone and Atlan tone, which contribute to its aroma and biological activity [13]. 2.3.2. Clinical Applications Turmeric's extensive uses include • Anti-inflammatory effects: Used to reduce inflammation in conditions like arthritis [12, 14]. • Antioxidant protection: Guarding against oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage. • Neuroprotective effects: Potentially aiding in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. • Cardiovascular health support: Improving blood lipid profiles and reducing inflammation [15]. 2.3.3. Phyllanthus embolic (Amla) Figure 3 Fruits of Amla The biological source of Amla is the fruit of the Phyllanthus embolic tree (also known as Embolic officinalis), which belongs to the Phyllanthocin family and is a cornerstone of traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine [16]. 2.3.4. Chemical Constituents Amla is a powerhouse of various compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties [17, 18] • Vitamin C: The fruit is one of the richest natural sources of Vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant [16]. • Polyphenols: Including Gallic acid and Ellagic acid (with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties). • Tannins: Compounds offering astringent and antioxidant properties. • Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, and Emblicanin (a unique antioxidant compound). 2.3.5. Potential clinical uses of Amla include • Antioxidant and anti-aging activity: Offering robust protection against cell damage [19]. • Immune system support: Enhancing immune function and reducing susceptibility to infections [20]. • Digestive health: Alleviating symptoms of digestive disorders and supporting gut health. • Cardiovascular health: Potentially reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors [21] 3. Formulation and Evaluation 3.1. Formulation Composition (Polyherbal capsule formulation was developed to achieve total capsule weight of 500 mg) World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 298 Table 1 Formulation Ingredients Ingredients 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲(𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐞) Uses Moringa powder 200 mg Nutrtitioal Turmeric Powder 150mg Anti − inflamatoryandantioxidat Amla Powder 100 mg Vit c and imuno boster Microcrystaline cellulose 40 mg Filler/Diluent Magnesium stearate 10 mg lubricant Hard gelatin capsle shell size 0 Encpsulation medium 3.2. Method of Preparation The capsule preparation followed a standard dry-filling method Weighing: Accurately weigh each ingredient according to the formulation per capsule • Moringa powder: 200 mg • Turmeric powder: 150 mg • Amla powder: 100 mg • Microcrystalline cellulose: 40 mg • Magnesium stearate: 10 mg 3.2.1. Blending of Active Ingredients and Filler Combine Moringa powder, Turmeric powder, Amla powder and microcrystalline cellulose in a clean mixing bowl. Mix thoroughly to ensure even distribution of all powders. This can be done using a blender, V-mixer, or by hand with a mortar and pestle. 3.2.2. Addition of Lubricant dd Magnesium stearate to the blended powder mix. Gently mix for 2–3 minutes to evenly distribute the lubricant. Avoid over mixing to prevent poor flow characteristics. 3.2.3. Capsule Filling Fill the blended powder into the hard gelatin capsules using a manual or automatic capsule filling machine. Ensure consistent weight per capsule (around 500 mg). 3.2.4. Capsule Sealing and Inspection Seal the capsules if required (depending on capsule type). Inspect filled capsules for uniformity, weight consistency, and any defects. 3.2.5. Packaging and Storage: Store capsules in airtight containers away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Label appropriately with batch details and expiry date. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 299 3.3. Evaluation Parameters 3.3.1. Organoleptic Characteristics Size The polyherbal capsule is a size 0 (or 00) one, which is an ideal size to hold the necessary dose of the herbal powder blend. The size of the capsule makes swallowing simple and the dosing of the formulation precise. Shape The shape of a polyherbal capsule is usually a cylinder with rounded ends, which is the typical shape for hard gelatin or vegetarian capsules. This shape is chosen for the convenience of the consumer and for a uniform filling during the production process. Color The polyherbal capsule exhibits a greenish-brown shade, which is typical of its naturally sourced herbal components. The color of this mixture is due to the combination of several nature-based materials, each one adding its own natural pigment to the final look of the capsule. Oduor One can clearly trace the herbal nature of the capsule's smell, from the plant substances that made up the polyherbal composition. The odor is quite nice and it serves as a perfect indicator of the herbal origin of the product. Table 2 Organoleptic Characteristic Parameter Observation Size 0 Shape Cylindrical Color Yellowish brown Oduor Slightly bitter and earthy odor 3.4. Evaluation Test 3.4.1. Weight Variation The weight variation test was conducted with 20 herbal capsules which were selected randomly. One by one each capsule was weighed and the average weight was calculated. The percentage deviation of the weight of each capsule from the average weight was calculated. 3.4.2. Disintegration time The disintegration test was performed with a disintegration testing apparatus according to IP/USP standards. The six capsules were put into the tubes of the apparatus, and the basket rack was working in distilled water kept at 37 ± 2 ° C. 3.5. Moisture Content Table 3 Evaluation Test Test F1 F2 F3 Weight variation Pass Pass Pass Disintegration time (min) 9.35 9.20 8.89 Moisture content (%) 4.56 4.70 4.80 World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 300 Herbal capsules moisture content was determined by a moisture analyzer (or loss on drying method) by heating the sample at 105 °C until the weight was constant. The moisture content has been determined to be less than 5% which complies with the allowable limit for herbal capsule formulations. 3.6. Preformulating Table (Flow Characteristics) 3.6.1. Bulk Density The bulk density that has been derived shows that the powder has moderate flow properties and can be used for uniform capsule filling. Appropriate bulk density is the main factor for consistent weight variation, less segregation, and easy processing during formulation. 3.6.2. Tapped Density The Tapped density is basically the amount of powder mass per its tapped volume (the volume after mechanical tapping). When a powder is repeatedly tapped the volume gets reduced due to the removal of voids between particles, thus the powder is able to demonstrate how it can settle under vibration or movement. 3.6.3. Angle Of Repose The angle of repose (θ) is the steepest angle that can be drawn from the surface of a mound of powder to a flat horizontal plane. It is a measure of particle resistance to flow powders with low angles flow readily, whereas those with high angles are more tightly bound and have poor flow. Table 4 Preformulating Table Batch Bulk density (gm/ml) Tapped density (gm/ml) Angle of repose F1 0.50 0.58 33040’ F2 0.49 0.50 3707’ F3 0.48 0.43 37076’ 3.6.4. Solubility Solubility in Water Herbal solubility in purified water gives a clue about the behavior of the formulation in the neutral environment. Solubility in HCL The capsule powder of the polyherbal is easily soluble in 0.1 N HCl which clearly indicates that the drug is soluble under gastric simulated condition and is also suitable for oral administration. The product is well soluble in an acidic medium that is indicative of the formulation dissolving quickly in gastric fluid; thus, the rapid release and absorption of active herbal constituents will be possible. As herbal capsules are made of a mixture of hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) phytoconstituents, they usually exhibit partial or slight solubility in water. Table 5 Solubility Batch Solubility in water Solubility in HCl A Slightly soluble Freely soluble B Slightly soluble Moderately soluble C Slightly soluble Freely soluble World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2025, 24(02), 295-302 301 4. Result The polyherbal capsule formulation is a good drug from a pharmaceutical point of view, stable, and has a high therapeutic value. As a result, it can be developed as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplement with great disintegration, flow, and weight uniformity properties. Additional stability studies and in vivo pharmacological evaluation are necessary to confirm the clinical benefits entirely. 5. Conclusion The polyherbal capsule formulation, containing Moringa oleifera, Curcuma longa, and Phyllanthus emblica, successfully demonstrated good physical quality and positive evaluation outcomes. Specifically, Batch F3 exhibited the most favorable results across key parameters, including flow characteristics, disintegration time, and weight variation. The blend of these three herbal ingredients activates a range of beneficial biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-stimulatory capabilities. This formula is highly recommended due to its stability, safety, and ease of use, positioning it as an appealing nutraceutical product for promoting overall health and combating ailments related to oxidative stress. To further establish its therapeutic and commercial viability, long-term stability tests and preclinical efficacy studies are warranted. Compliance with ethical standards Acknowledgments I extend my thankfulness to Ms. Prachi Padwal, Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assuarance Technique, Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, Belhe, for her precious guidance, uninterrupted encouragement, and loving support during the accomplishment of the project entitled. “Formulation and Evaluation of an Anti -inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Polyherbal capsules.” I am also thankful to the teaching and non-teaching staff of the Pharmacognosy Department for their cooperation and assistance during the experimental work. My sincere thanks go to our principal and the management of Samarth Institute of Pharmacy, Belhe, for their kind support in providing the necessary facilities and a motivating environment to carry out this work successfully. References [1] Formulation and Evaluation of anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Polyherbal capsule. Panda, S., and Kar, A. (2011). [2] Moringa oleifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. 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