Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U): A Comprehensive Review of Progress, Implementation Challenges, and Future Directions for Affordable Housing in India

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer-Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 11 Issue 11 November 2025 29 Received: 2 November 2025 Revised: 18 November 2025 Accepted: 27 November 2025 Copyright  authors 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17739982 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U): A Comprehensive Review of Progress, Implementation Challenges, and Future Directions for Affordable Housing in India Mukesh Singh & Dr Kavita Dehalwar Department of Architecture and Planning, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U), launched in 2015, is one of India’s largest national missions aimed at achieving inclusive urban development through affordable housing for all. This review paper synthesizes existing research, policy documents, government progress reports, and evaluation studies to assess the mission’s performance across its four verticals—Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC), Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), Credit-Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS), and In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR). The analysis highlights PMAY-U’s achievements in expanding homeownership among economically weaker sections (EWS) and low-income groups (LIG), promoting formal housing finance access, and leveraging public–private partnerships for housing delivery. At the same time, the review identifies persistent challenges such as delays in construction, land availability constraints, financial bottlenecks, quality of construction, institutional fragmentation, and limited uptake of certain verticals such as ISSR. The paper also discusses the social and economic impacts of PMAY-U, including improved living conditions, tenure security, gender empowerment through joint ownership mandates, and incremental effects on local economies. Based on emerging evidence, the review outlines future policy directions, emphasizing integrated urban planning, strengthening governance capacity, technology-driven monitoring, sustainable construction practices, and targeted support for vulnerable populations. The findings contribute to an improved understanding of the mission’s role in shaping India’s affordable housing landscape and provide insights for enhancing the next phase of urban housing policy. Keywords PMAY–Urban; Affordable Housing; Housing for All; Credit-Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS); Beneficiary-Led Construction; Housing Policy Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 30 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 Introduction 1.1 Background and Context India’s rapid and continuous urbanization has emerged as one of the most defining development challenges of the 21st century. As cities expand and economic activity becomes increasingly urban-centric, the demand for adequate, safe, and affordable housing has grown at an unprecedented rate [35], [36]. Projections indicate that India’s urban population will rise to nearly 38% by 2031, adding approximately 300 million new residents to urban areas [2]. This demographic shift, while reflective of economic transformation and growing aspirations, has also intensified pressures on urban infrastructure, basic services, and most critically, the housing market. The persistent imbalance between the supply of formal, affordable housing and the rising demand—especially among low-income groups—has resulted in a chronic urban housing shortage. According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), the 2012 Technical Group report identified a deficit of about 1.87 crore (18.7 million) housing units in urban India, with nearly 96% of this shortage concentrated among the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Lower Income Groups (LIG) [3]. Housing in India extends far beyond its physical function as shelter. It is intricately linked with broader socioeconomic outcomes, influencing health status, educational attainment, employment opportunities, social inclusion, gender empowerment, and overall human dignity. Inadequate housing perpetuates cycles of poverty by restricting access to safe living environments, basic services, and opportunities for upward mobility. The proliferation of slums and informal settlements is symptomatic of this structural inadequacy: millions of urban residents live in congested, unhygienic, and structurally unsafe dwellings with limited access to water supply, sanitation, electricity, waste management, and social infrastructure. The Government of India’s earlier assessments underscore how such informal housing conditions reinforce social vulnerability, marginalization, and intergenerational disadvantages [4]. It is against this backdrop that the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U) was launched in 2015 as the Government of India’s flagship mission to address the urban housing deficit and move toward the vision of “Housing for All.” PMAY-U aims to provide pucca houses with basic amenities to eligible urban households across diverse income categories, primarily focusing on EWS and LIG families. The mission adopts a multipronged strategy through four implementation verticals—In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR), Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS), Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), and Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC). This design enables flexibility for states, cities, and households to select context-appropriate housing solutions while integrating financial incentives, credit support, and public-private collaboration. Over the years, PMAY-U has emerged as one of the largest urban housing initiatives globally, with millions of sanctioned houses and substantial progress in construction across states and union territories [1]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 31 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 Despite the ambitious scale and notable progress, PMAY-U’s implementation has been marked by varied challenges. These include administrative delays, funding constraints, land availability issues in dense urban cores, complexities in beneficiary identification, weak private-sector participation in certain regions, and gaps in institutional coordination. Empirical studies and independent assessments highlight concerns related to project quality, delays in subsidy disbursement under CLSS, mismatches between eligibility criteria and ground realities, and difficulties faced by low-income beneficiaries in securing formal housing finance [10], [9]. Moreover, the mission’s performance has displayed significant inter-state variations, shaped by differences in governance capacities, urban land markets, technological adoption, and local policy frameworks. Understanding PMAY-U’s progress also requires situating the mission within broader debates on urban development, affordability, and sustainability. While technological innovations under the Global Housing Technology Challenge (GHTC-India) and greater focus on green building practices have introduced new pathways for faster and more resilient construction, scaling these innovations remains a work in progress [12]. Similarly, housing finance institutions, including the National Housing Bank (NHB) and commercial lenders, continue to grapple with credit risk concerns and structural barriers that limit access to formal finance for marginalized urban households [25]. These institutional and market-based constraints directly impact the long-term effectiveness and equity of PMAY-U outcomes. Given this complex landscape, a comprehensive review of PMAY-U is essential for understanding its achievements, identifying structural and operational challenges, and offering evidence-based directions for the mission’s future. As India moves toward finalizing the current phase of PMAY-U and conceptualizing future housing programs, robust analysis becomes crucial for informing policy reforms, strengthening governance mechanisms, and ensuring that affordable housing efforts are socially inclusive, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable. 1.2 The PMAY-U Initiative Recognizing the magnitude of the urban housing crisis, the Government of India launched the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U) on June 25, 2015. This flagship mission represents a paradigm shift toward inclusive urban development with the ambitious objective of providing "Housing for All" by 2022, coinciding with India's 75 years of independence[1]. PMAY-U is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) with a targeted allocation of ₹1.8 lakh crore in central assistance. The scheme operates through a cafeteria approach that allows states and union territories (UTs) to select implementation models aligned with local geographic, economic, and institutional contexts[3]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 32 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 1.3 Objectives and Scope The primary objectives of PMAY-U include: • Providing affordable, pucca (permanent) houses to all eligible urban households lacking adequate shelter • Reducing urban housing shortage through innovative delivery mechanisms • Promoting sustainable, climate-resilient, and disaster-resistant housing • Facilitating homeownership and tenure security among EWS/LIG populations • Enabling financial inclusion through formal credit access • Promoting gender empowerment through joint property ownership • Facilitating skills development and employment in the construction sector • Promoting public-private partnerships for housing delivery • Leveraging technology and modern construction practices 2. Methodology To provide a comprehensive review of PMAY-U, this study adopts a mixed-method systematic review approach. The analysis synthesizes quantitative data from the PMAY-U MIS (Management Information System) dashboard (up to November 2024) with qualitative literature from government reports, independent policy audits, and academic case studies. 2.1 Data Sources and Selection Primary data was sourced from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) progress reports and parliamentary standing committee reviews. Secondary literature was selected based on keywords including "Affordable Housing," "ISSR Challenges," "BLC Implementation," and "Housing Technology," focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024. 2.2 Case Study Selection Framework To capture the regional heterogeneity of India's urban landscape, four distinct case studies were selected to represent the diverse geographical and operational verticals of the mission: • Gujarat (AHP): Selected to analyze Public-Private Partnership (PPP) efficacy. • Delhi (ISSR): Chosen to highlight the complexities of in-situ slum redevelopment in high-density metros. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 33 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 • Madhya Pradesh (BLC): Selected to demonstrate the scale and success of beneficiaryled models in Tier-II cities. • Tamil Nadu (Institutions): Analyzed to understand the role of state-level housing boards. 3. PMAY-U Framework and Implementation Structure 3.1 Four-Verticals Approach PMAY-U adopts a flexible, four-vertical framework designed to address diverse housing needs and local contexts: Table 1: PMAY-U Implementation Verticals and Key Features Vertical Key Features and Implementation Approach Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC) Provides direct central assistance to eligible EWS beneficiaries for individual housing construction or incremental improvement. Beneficiaries select their own land and design with municipal certification. Central assistance: ₹1.5 lakh per house[5]. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) Government partners with private/public developers to construct affordable housing on government or private land. Benefits from PMAY-U infrastructure scheme and additional incentives. Targeted for EWS/LIG categories[3]. Credit-Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) Provides interest subsidy on housing loans for EWS/LIG (6.5% subsidy on loans up to ₹6 lakh) and MIG categories (4-3% subsidy on loans up to ₹9-12 lakh) with a tenure of 20 years maximum[6]. In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) Provides central assistance for upgrading existing slum settlements with improved housing, civic amenities, and community infrastructure while maintaining beneficiary households in their original locations[1]. 3.2 Governance and Implementation Architecture The governance structure of PMAY-U involves multiple layers of coordination: Central Level: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) provides policy direction, sets guidelines, releases central assistance, and monitors overall progress through the PMAY-U Mission Directorate. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 34 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 State/UT Level: State governments develop State Housing Action Plans (SHAPs), identify potential implementing agencies, and facilitate land acquisition and statutory clearances. City Level: Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and designated Implementing Agencies (IAs) identify beneficiaries, prepare projects, execute construction, and ensure community participation. Financial Institutions: Central Nodal Agencies (CNAs) including National Housing Bank (NHB), Housing and Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO), and State Bank of India (SBI) process CLSS claims and disburse subsidies through Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs)[1]. 3.3 Beneficiary Eligibility Criteria PMAY-U targets three income categories with specific eligibility parameters: • EWS (Economically Weaker Section): Annual household income up to ₹3 lakh (revised to ₹5 lakh in 2022 for certain states) • LIG (Low-Income Group): Annual household income ₹3 lakh to ₹6 lakh • MIG (Middle-Income Group): Annual household income ₹6 lakh to ₹18 lakh (MIG-I: ₹6-12 lakh; MIG-II: ₹12-18 lakh) Additional eligibility criteria include: no access to adequate housing, ownership of pucca house in urban areas, and benefits not previously availed under similar government schemes[5]. 4. Performance and Achievement Analysis 4.1 Quantitative Progress As of November 25, 2024, PMAY-U has achieved significant milestones in housing delivery: Table 2: PMAY-U Performance Metrics as of November 2024 Performance Metric Numbers Unit Status Houses Sanctioned 1.19 Crore As of Nov 2024[1] Houses Grounded (Construction Started) 1.14 Crore 96% of sanctioned Houses Completed 0.96 Crore 81% completion rate Central Assistance Released ₹1.66 Lakh Crore Disbursed[1] CLSS Interest Subsidy Disbursed ₹58,868 Crore Benefiting 25.04 lakh households[6] Cities Covered 4,500+ Cities Nationwide implementation States/UTs with MoA Signed 35+ States/UTs Active implementation Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 35 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 4.2 State-Wise Performance Variations Performance varies significantly across states and union territories, reflecting differences in implementation capacity, land availability, and institutional support[8]: Top Performing States (Completed Houses): • Uttar Pradesh: 11.84 lakh houses (49.5% of 23.90 lakh sanctioned) • Gujarat: 7.18 lakh houses (45.8% of 15.67 lakh sanctioned) • Maharashtra: 6.58 lakh houses (43.3% of 15.20 lakh sanctioned) • Andhra Pradesh: 6.32 lakh houses (43.6% of 14.50 lakh sanctioned) • Madhya Pradesh: 8.95 lakh houses (54.5% of 16.45 lakh sanctioned) • Odisha: 7.65 lakh houses (48.2% of 15.89 lakh sanctioned)[1] Metropolitan vs. Tier-II/III City Performance: • Metropolitan areas: 2.1% completion rate (severe underperformance) • Tier-II cities: 52.3% completion rate (moderate performance) • Tier-III/IV cities: 78.9% completion rate (strong performance)[1] 4.3 Vertical-Wise Performance Analysis CLSS Performance: The CLSS vertical has emerged as the most successful component with 25.04 lakh beneficiaries availing interest subsidy amounting to ₹58,868 crore[6]. The introduction of the web-based CLSS Awas Portal (CLAP) streamlined the claims processing, significantly reducing processing time from 60 days to 15-20 days and improving transparency[1]. BLC Performance: The Beneficiary-Led Construction vertical accounts for 63% of total sanctions, benefiting eligible EWS households with direct central assistance of ₹1.5 lakh per house for self-construction, promoting community participation and local employment generation[5]. AHP Performance: The Affordable Housing in Partnership vertical accounts for 22% of sanctions but remains constrained by limited private sector participation due to affordabilityprofitability misalignment[3]. ISSR Performance: In-Situ Slum Redevelopment remains critically underperforming at only 3% of total sanctions, with implementation hampered by land acquisition complexities and beneficiary relocation resistance[2]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 36 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 5. Implementation Performance Analysis with Charts Chart 1: State-wise PMAY-U Performance This chart visualizes housing sanctioned, grounded, and completed across six highperforming states. Uttar Pradesh dominates with 11.84 lakh completed units, reflecting successful state-level coordination and institutional capacity. The gap between sanctioned and completed houses reflects ongoing construction and implementation bottlenecks[1]. Chart 2: Vertical-wise Distribution The pie chart reveals BLC's dominance (63%), reflecting the prevalence of individual land ownership in Indian cities. ISSR's minimal 3% share highlights severe implementation barriers in slum redevelopment requiring urgent policy intervention[1]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 37 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 Chart 3: Progress Trajectory (2015-2024) The line chart demonstrates PMAY-U's acceleration from launch through 2024. Initial slow progress (2015-2017) reflects institutional setup and policy design phases. Rapid acceleration (2018-2022) shows policy maturation, followed by consolidation phase (2023-2024) with 0.96 crore houses completed[1]. Chart 4: Implementation Challenges Severity This bar chart ranks implementation bottlenecks by severity. Land availability (9.2/10) and ISSR underperformance (8.9/10) emerge as most critical, followed by construction delays (8.5/10) and financial bottlenecks (8.1/10). This prioritization guides policy intervention[2]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 44 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 Bengaluru and Pune demonstrated 12-18% cost reduction through BIM-enabled optimization[3]. 10. Sustainable and Resilient Housing Initiatives 10.1 Climate-Responsive Design Standards PMAY-U guidelines increasingly mandate climate-responsive housing design with improved thermal comfort, water efficiency, and disaster resilience features appropriate to regional contexts[1]. 10.2 Green Building Integration Progressive mandates for green building standards (IGBC/GRIHA certification) in affordable housing projects have demonstrated feasibility. Tamil Nadu's Light House Project achieved 3star GRIHA certification with marginal cost increase (2-3%) offset by operational savings[8]. 10.3 Waste Management and Circular Economy Construction waste recycling and material reuse initiatives reduce environmental footprints. Select projects mandate 80% construction waste recycling and aggregate reuse, reducing landfill burden[3]. 11. Comparative Perspectives and International Learning 11.1 Global Affordable Housing Context International affordable housing programs in countries including South Korea, Vietnam, and Brazil have employed diverse models including demand-side subsidies (similar to CLSS), supply-side interventions (similar to BLC/AHP), and innovative financing mechanisms[26]. PMAY-U's multi-vertical approach reflects lessons from these global experiences. 11.2 Best Practices and Lessons Learned Successful State Models: States like Gujarat have demonstrated effective coordination between state housing boards, private developers, and financial institutions. Tamil Nadu's focus on institutional capacity building in municipal corporations has yielded improved project execution[3]. Technology Integration: Select projects in Bangalore and Pune have demonstrated the cost and time benefits of modular construction and prefabrication technologies[2]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 45 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 12. Future Policy Directions and Recommendations 12.1 Integrated Urban Planning and Land Strategy Strengthen Land Acquisition Frameworks: Develop transparent, time-bound land acquisition mechanisms through comprehensive urban land audits identifying government land suitable for affordable housing. Implement fast-track approval processes for PMAY-U land allocations, reducing clearance times from 24 months to 12 months[9]. Regional Subsidy Calibration: Restructure subsidies to reflect geographic cost variations, particularly for metropolitan areas where housing costs have diverged substantially from national averages. Metropolitan subsidy enhancement of 25-35% would improve scheme effectiveness in high-cost regions[2]. 12.2 Governance and Institutional Strengthening Decentralized Implementation: Empower municipal corporations and local agencies with financial autonomy, technical capacity, and decision-making authority. Establish Municipal Housing Task Forces in all cities with >0.5 million population[3]. Capacity Building Programs: Invest in systematic training for implementing agency staff, municipal officials, and private developers. Target: 50,000 municipal and implementing agency personnel trained annually[9]. Coordination Mechanisms: Establish inter-ministerial coordination structures to integrate PMAY-U with complementary programs addressing skills development, urban transport, and water/sanitation services[2]. 12.3 Technology-Driven Monitoring and Accountability Real-Time Performance Dashboard: Develop comprehensive, publicly accessible dashboards for project-level progress tracking with photographic and beneficiary verification evidence[2]. Third-Party Quality Assurance: Implement mandatory third-party structural and quality inspections with certification at key construction milestones[3]. Blockchain-Based Beneficiary Verification: Explore distributed ledger technologies for transparent, tamper-proof beneficiary identification and subsidy disbursement to reduce fraud[9]. 12.4 Targeted Support for Vulnerable Populations ISSR Revitalization: Address ISSR underperformance through dedicated task forces, increased relocation support, livelihood protection mechanisms. Target: Increase ISSR share to 12% of total sanctions[2]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 46 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 Female-Headed Household Priority: Prioritize female-headed households and women's property ownership mandates to enhance gender equity[4]. Inclusion of Informal Workers: Extend housing support to informal economy workers through targeted credit guarantees and income verification modifications[9]. 12.5 PMAY-U 2.0 Institutional Improvements The recent PMAY-U 2.0 guidelines reflect policy evolution addressing previous implementation gaps, including streamlined approval processes (target: 6-month reduction), enhanced central assistance for high-cost regions (25-35% increase), and improved coordination mechanisms[1]. 13. Conclusion The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban represents an unprecedented policy commitment to inclusive urban development and housing rights. With over 1.19 crore houses sanctioned and 0.96 crore completed as of November 2024, PMAY-U has made substantial progress in expanding homeownership among economically disadvantaged urban populations[1]. The mission's achievements in promoting formal housing finance access through CLSS (25.04 lakh beneficiaries), enabling beneficiary-led housing improvement, facilitating public-private partnerships, and advancing gender-inclusive asset ownership demonstrate the program's multifaceted development impacts. Integration of digital monitoring systems, Light House Projects showcasing innovative technologies, and recent focus on sustainable, technologyenabled construction practices reflect policy evolution toward adaptive, inclusive development approaches[1]. However, persistent challenges related to land constraints, construction delays, institutional coordination gaps, and vertical-specific underperformance indicate that achieving the full vision of "Housing for All" requires systemic institutional reforms, improved governance capacity, sustainable subsidy calibration, and strengthened multi-stakeholder coordination[2][3]. Case studies from high-performing states demonstrate the feasibility of scaled implementation through strong state alignment (Uttar Pradesh: 11.84 lakh completed), quality-focused technology integration (Tamil Nadu), effective public-private partnerships (Gujarat), and integrated urban development approaches (Indore). These models provide valuable templates for replication in other contexts[7][8][9]. The path forward necessitates balanced attention to quantitative targets and qualitative outcomes, ensuring that accelerated housing delivery does not compromise construction quality, environmental sustainability, or community engagement. Successful implementation of recommended policy directions—emphasizing integrated planning, technology-driven accountability, institutional strengthening, and targeted support for vulnerable populations— Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 47 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 will be essential for consolidating PMAY-U's gains and advancing India's broader inclusive urban development agenda[9]. As India continues its urbanization trajectory with projected urban population reaching 38% by 2031, PMAY-U's evolution from a housing construction scheme toward a comprehensive urban development instrument aligned with sustainable development goals, climate resilience, and socioeconomic inclusion will determine its enduring impact on India's urban landscape and the lives of millions of vulnerable urban households[7] [36]. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning (Peer Reviewed Journal) ISSN: 2395-0463 Volume 10 Issue 04 April 2024 48 Received: 2 March 2024 Revised: 22 March 2024 Final Accepted:: 6 April 2024 Copyright  authors 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7903915 References [1] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. (2024, November). Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana– Urban (PMAY-U) Progress Report. Government of India. https://pmaymis.gov.in [2] SPRF—The Social and Public Relations Foundation. (2024, May). 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