Blast Action on Civil Engineering Structures: Database and Annexes

Blast Action on Building Structures: an LLM-backed overview. Annexes 1-3 Annex 1 1 Scopus search queries for are given in the following. 2 (TITLE-ABS-KEY(blast) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(structure) 3 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(furna*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(melt*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(combustion) AND NOT TITLE4 ABS-KEY(laser induced) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(laser energy deposition) 5 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(eruption*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(volcano*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(crustal) AND NOT TITLE6 ABS-KEY(weather) 7 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(solar*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(aster*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(astro*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS8 KEY(supernova) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(novae) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(stars) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(cosmology) AND NOT 9 TITLE-ABS-KEY(nano*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(chemi*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(ion*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(plasma*) 10 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(atomiz*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(gamma-ray) 11 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(nostalgia) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(“building energy”) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(“circuit breaker”) 12 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(agro*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(agri*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(optic*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS13 KEY(rice) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(fungus) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(tomato) 14 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(organism*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(denta*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(neuro*) AND NOT TITLE15 ABS-KEY(pharma*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(immuno*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(hematopoietic) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(protei*) 16 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(cell*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(DNA*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(amino*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS17 KEY(chromosome) 18 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(communication*) ) 19 OR 20 (TITLE-ABS-KEY(explosion*) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(structure) 21 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(furna*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(melt*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(combustion) AND NOT TITLE22 ABS-KEY(laser induced) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(laser energy deposition) 23 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(eruption*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(volcano*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(crustal) AND NOT TITLE24 ABS-KEY(weather) 25 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(solar*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(aster*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(astro*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS26 KEY(supernova) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(novae) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(stars) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(cosmology) AND NOT 27 TITLE-ABS-KEY(nano*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(chemi*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(ion*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(plasma*) 28 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(atomiz*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(gamma-ray) 29 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(nostalgia) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(“building energy”) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(“circuit breaker”) 30 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(agro*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(agri*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(optic*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS31 KEY(rice) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(fungus) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(tomato) 32 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(organism*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(denta*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(neuro*) AND NOT TITLE33 ABS-KEY(pharma*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(immuno*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(hematopoietic) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(protei*) 34 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(cell*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(DNA*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(amino*) AND NOT TITLE-ABS35 KEY(chromosome) 36 AND NOT TITLE-ABS-KEY(communication*) ) 37 AND PUBYEAR <2024 38 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SRCTYPE,"j" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE,"ar" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE,"English" ) ) 39 AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "ENGI" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "MATE" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "EART" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( 40 SUBJAREA , "PHYS" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "COMP" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "ENVI" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "MATH" 41 ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "AGRI" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "MEDI" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "SOCI" ) ) 42 Annex 2 43 ChatGPT input Prompts for each Task are given and eventually briefly commented in the following. 44 •Task 0 - Screening second step 45 Does the following text deal with blast induced by explosions (terrorist attacks, bombing, and accidental 46 explosions such as industrial accidents, gas explosions, controlled demolitions, quarry mining, excavation, 47 tunneling) or structures which have a mechanical response due to blast? For each answer give your confidence 48 score, 0 being the least confident and 100 being absolutely sure. Give results as: Yes or No;% 49 50 In this task, AI is asked to recognise if the paper deals with blast induced by explosion and/or with structures 51 which have a mechanical response due to blast. This task is performed in order to remove irrelevant literature 52 that is not filtered out by the Scopus query filter in the previous step. 53 M. Alforno, L. Bruno, L. Figuli, D. Laboureur : Preprint submitted to Elsevier Page 1 of 4 Blast Action on Building Structures: an LLM-backed overview. Annexes 1-3 •Task 1 - Scientific Range54 In the following abstract categorize Source, Path and Receiver. Source is the explosive, Path is the media through55 which the explosion propagates and Receiver is the object subjected to the blast load. Follow these rules for the56 categorization:57 Source can be C or M58 C: terrorist attacks, bombing, and accidental explosions such as industrial accidents, gas explosions59 M: controlled demolitions, quarry mining, excavation, tunneling60 Path can be C, M, L:61 C: external in air, such as open field explosions, unconfined explosions62 M: internal in air, such as internal explosions, shock tubes63 L: rocks, ground, sand, water64 Receiver can be C, M, L:65 C: civil and industrial structures, buildings, structural components of buildings or infrastructures, Urban66 environment67 M: ships, offshore, naval, aircrafts, military equipment, vehicles L: natural organic structures, such as the human68 body, animals and plants, natural inorganic structures as Rocks, Soil, Mountains69 Source, Path and Receiver can be classified as C, M, L. If it is not possible to retrieve enough information,70 classify as None.71 For each answer give your confidence score, 0 being the least confidente and 100 being absolutely sure.72 Give results as:73 S: Category; % P: Category; % R: Category; %74 75 AI is employed to decide to which scientific range each physical component of the blast system (Source, Path,76 Receiver) belongs to. The prompt of this task has been engineered in order to train the AI to recognize SPR77 and decide to which range they belong to, according to the specification of Section ??. If a categorization is not78 possible due to lack of information, SPR are classified as "None". A visual representation of the classification79 process is provided in Figure 1.80 •Task 2 - Research Goal81 What is the research goal of the following paper?82 Research goal can be:83 -“Understanding”: fundamental research aimed at understanding how different types of explosions (e.g.,84 chemical, nuclear, gas explosions) interact with various structures (Industrial and civil structures, vehicles,85 organic bodies, etc). It may involve studying the physics behind blast waves, thermal effects, and the structural86 response to such dynamic loads.87 -“Safety”: Safety and Risk Assessment and management. Focus on assessing the risk of explosions in certain88 environments (such as industrial settings, military facilities, or urban areas). This could include the development89 of guidelines for safe distances between structures and potential explosive hazards, or the analysis of evacuation90 plans and emergency response strategies.91 “Models” Modeling and Simulation. This area involves the development of models (computational analysis,92 numerical analysis, analytical or experimental tests) to simulate the effects of explosions on structures.93 “Policy”: Regulatory and Policy Development. Research aimed at informing or developing regulations and94 policies that govern the construction of structures in areas prone to explosions. This could include zoning laws,95 building codes, and standards for explosive material storage and handling.96 -“BMM”: Design of Blast Mitigation Methods. Research in this category focuses on developing and evaluating97 new designs to reduce the damage caused by explosions. This might involve the design of new blast-resistant98 materials, blast resistant structures, innovative construction methods, or the implementation of barriers and99 shields specifically designed to protect structures from explosive forces.100 -“Review”: review of past explosion events, review and analysis of past data.101 M. Alforno, L. Bruno, L. Figuli, D. Laboureur : Preprint submitted to Elsevier Page 2 of 4 Blast Action on Building Structures: an LLM-backed overview. Annexes 1-3 Scientific Range AI recognises SPR and their categorization: 'c,m,l' or 'n' (non classifiable) Paper is classified as "base research" S ∨ P ∨ R = C∨N solo C o N Paper is classified as Close Range Paper is classified as Mid Range Paper is classified as Long Range Paper is categorized in CML range, according to these rules: Facet 2 End Are SPR all 'n' ? NO YES If Figure 1: Flow chart describing the definition process of the Classes for Facet 4 If you cannot classify the paper in any of the above, classify as “Other”. More than one category can be assigned. 102 For each answer give your confidence score, 0 being the least confident and 100 being absolutely sure. 103 Give results as: ID number; “Category 1”; %; “Category 2”;%; “Category i”;% 104 •Task 3 - Modeling approach 105 What is the modeling approach used in the research of the following paper? 106 Modeling approaches can be: 107 -A) Experimental: physical simulations/tests. They can be “full scale tests” (e.g. open field tests, 1:1 scale 108 specimens or 1:1 scale explosions), or “in-scale model tests” (e.g reduced scale specimens, reduced scale 109 explosions, shock tubes, etc.), or “-” if it is not possible to understand the scale of the test; 110 -B) Computational (if possible, retrieve code/software name. This can be “commercial”, “original” if scripted 111 by the authors, “-“ if not specified); 112 -C) Analytical; 113 If you cannot classify the paper in any of the above, classify as D) “Other”. 114 More than one category can be assigned. For each answer give your confidence score, 0 being the least confident 115 and 100 being absolutely sure. 116 Give results as: ID number; A) “yes/no”; %; A) “Full scale/Model scale/-“; %; B); “yes/no; %; B) “code 117 name/original/-“ %; C) “yes/no”; %; D) “yes/no”; % 118 •Task 4 119 Iteration I) 120 In the following abstract the Receiver is the object subjected to the blast load. -What is the receiver? -What is 121 M. Alforno, L. Bruno, L. Figuli, D. Laboureur : Preprint submitted to Elsevier Page 3 of 4 Blast Action on Building Structures: an LLM-backed overview. Annexes 1-3 the material of the receiver? If you are unsure, classify as “Other”. For your answer give a confidence score,122 0% being the least confident and 100% being absolutely sure. Give results as: ID number; “Receiver”; %;123 “Material”; %124 Iteration II)125 Classify the “Receiver type” in one of the following classes: Bridge Building Structure Moment resisting frame126 Shelter Shell Panel Plate Column Beam Wall Facade Slab Pavement Connections Material Other For your127 answer give a confidence score, 0% being the least confident and 100% being absolutely sure. Give results as:128 ID number; “Receiver class”; %129 •Task 5130 For your answer give a confidence score, 0% being the least confident and 100% being absolutely sure.131 Give results as: ID number; “Localization”; %; “Working principle”; % The following study deals with the design132 of Blast Mitigation Methods (BMM). Research in this category focuses on developing and evaluating new designs133 to reduce the damage caused by explosions. This might involve the design of new blast-resistant materials, blast134 resistant structures, innovative construction methods, or the implementation of barriers and shields specifically135 designed to protect structures from explosive forces.136 Localization: -Where is the BMM located? BMM can be located on the Source, Path or Receiver: Source is the137 explosive, Path is the media through which the explosion propagates and Receiver is the object subjected to the138 blast load.139 Working principle: -What is the working principle of the BMM? Working principle can be: Dissuasive;140 avoid explosions by security check points, counter-terrorism protective security measures, Management of risk141 Deflective; deflect and or reflect shockwaves and to modify the energy transport Sacrificial; energy dissipation142 by plastic deformation of sacrificial layers such as cladding, external covers, barriers, honeycomb panels,143 foams, etc Strength increase; increase of strength of the structure by use of reinforcements or new design144 principles Debris retentive; reduce fragmentation and detachment of debris Robustness; “progressive collapse”145 and “robustness increase”146 If you are unsure, classify as “Other”. You can provide multiple classifications.147 For your answer give a confidence score, 0% being the least confident and 100% being absolutely sure.148 Give results as: ID number; “Localization”; %; “Working principle”; %149 Annex 3150 The classes highlighted in bold have been suggested by the AI.151 Classes of Receiver type (Facet 4)152 •Construction type or structural element: Panel/Plate, Multistory Building, Column, Material, Slab, Beam,153 Bridge, Wall, Shell, Facade, Moment resisting frame, Connections, Structure, Other.154 •Structural material: Concrete, Steel, Composite, Aluminum, Masonry, Glass, Other Metals, Polymeric, FRP,155 Multiple, Metallic Foam, Wood, Asphalt, Ceramics, Other.156 M. Alforno, L. Bruno, L. Figuli, D. Laboureur : Preprint submitted to Elsevier Page 4 of 4