Loneliness and well-being in Finnish immigrants: A multimodal dataset from wearables and passive data collection

Surveys Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Questions: Lonely 1. How lonely do you feel right now? (rate on 0-10 sliding scale) Social Connectedness/Social Isolation 1. How connected do you feel to others right now? (rate on a 1-10 sliding scale) 2. How isolated from others do you feel right now? (1-10) Affect 1. How positive do you feel right now? Sliding scale (1-10) 2. How negative do you feel right now? Sliding scale (1-10) UCLA Loneliness20 Item 1. How often do you feel that you are “in tune” with the people around you? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 2. How often do you feel that you lack companionship? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 3. How often do you feel that there is no one you can turn to? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 4. How often do you feel alone? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 5. How often do you feel part of a group of friends? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 6. How often do you feel that you have a lot in common with the people around you? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 7. How often do you feel that you are no longer close to anyone? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 8. How often do you feel that your interests and ideas are not shared by those around you? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 9. How often do you feel outgoing and friendly? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 10. How often do you feel close to people? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 11. How often do you feel left out? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 12. How often do you feel that your relationships with others are not meaningful? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 13. How often do you feel that no one really knows you well? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 14. How often do you feel isolated from others? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 15. How often do you feel you can find companionship when you want it? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 16. How often do you feel that there are people who really understand you? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 17. How often do you feel shy? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 18. How often do you feel that people are around you but not with you? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 19. How often do you feel that there are people you can talk to? Always Sometimes Rarely Never 20. How often do you feel that three are people you can turn to? Always Sometimes Rarely Never Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (4-point scale, 0-3, not at all-nearly every day) Over the last two weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems: 1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things 2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless 3. Trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much 4. Feeling tired or having little energy 5. Poor appetite or overeating 6. Feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down 7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television 8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual 9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead or hurting yourself in some way Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) 1. 0 I do not feel sad 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can’t snap out of it 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can’t stand it 2. 0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future 1 I feel discouraged about the future 2 I feel I have nothing to look forward to 3 I feel the future is hopeless and that things cannot improve 3. 0 I do not feel like a failure 1 I feel I have failed more than the average person 2 As I look back on my life, all I can see is a lot of failures 3 I feel I am a complete failure as a person 4. 0 I get as much satisfaction out of things as I used to 1 I don’t enjoy things the way I used to 2 I don’t get real satisfaction out of anything anymore 3 I am dissatisfied or bored with everything 5. 0 I don’t feel particularly guilty 1 I feel guilty a good part of the time 2 I feel quite guilty most of the time 3 I feel guilty all of the time 6. 0 I don’t feel I am being punished 1 I feel I may be punished 2 I expect to be punished 3 I feel I am being punished 7. 0 I don’t feel disappointed in myself 1 I am disappointed in myself 2 I am disgusted with myself 3 I hate myself 8. 0 I don’t feel I am any worse than anybody else 1 I am critical of myself for my weaknesses or mistakes 2 I blame myself all the time for my faults 3 I blame myself for everything bad that happens 9. 0 I don’t have any thoughts of killing myself 1 I have thoughts of killing myself, but I would not carry them out 2 I would like to kill myself 3 I would kill myself if I had the chance 10. 0 I don’t cry any more than usual 1 I cry more now than I used to 2 I cry all the time now 3 I used to be able to cry, but now I can’t cry even though I want to 11. 0 I am no more irritated by things than I ever was 1 I am slightly more irritated now than usual 2 I am quite annoyed or irritated a good deal of the time 3 I feel irritated all the time 12. 0 I have not lost interest in other people 1 I am less interested in other people than I used to be 2 I have lost most of my interest in other people 3 I have lost all of my interest in other people 13. 0 I make decisions about as well as I ever could 1 I put off making decisions more than I used to 2 I have greater difficulty in making decisions more than I used to 3 I can’t make decisions at all anymore 14. 0 I don’t feel that I look any worse than I used to 1 I am worried that I am looking old or unattractive 2 I feel there are permanent changes in my appearance that make me look unattractive 3 I believe that I look ugly 15. 0 I can work about as well as before 1 It takes an extra effort to get started at doing something 2 I have to push myself very hard to do anything 3 I can’t do any work at all 16. 0 I can sleep as well as usual 1 I don’t sleep as well as I used to 2 I wake up 1-2 hours earlier than usual and find it hard to get back to sleep 3 I wake up several hours earlier than I used to and cannot get back to sleep 17. 0 I don’t get more tired than usual 1 I get tired more easily than I used to 2 I get tired from doing almost anything 3 I am too tired to do anything 18. 0 My appetite is no worse than usual 1 My appetite is not as good as it used to be 2 My appetite is much worse now 3 I have no appetite at all anymore 19. 0 I haven’t lost much weight, if any, lately 1 I have lost more than 2 kilograms 2 I have lost more than 5 kilograms 3 I have lost more than 7 kilograms 20. 0 I am no more worried about my health than usual 1 I am worried about physical problems like aches, pains, upset stomach, or constipation 2 I am very worried about physical problems and it’s hard to think of much else 3 I am so worried about my physical problems that I cannot think of anything else 21. 0 I have not noticed any recent change in my interest in sex 1 I am less interested in sex than I used to be 2 I have almost no interest in sex 3 I have lost interest in sex completely Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) (5-point scale; 0-4, never-very often) In the last week, how often have you felt: 1. That you were unable to control the important things in your life? 2. Difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? 3. Confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? 4. How often have you felt that things were going your way? Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) 1. Do have the feeling that you don't really care about what goes on around you? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very seldom or never Very often 2. Has it happened in the past that you were surprised by the behavior of people whom you thought you knew well? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never happened Always happened 3. Has it happened that people whom you counted on disappointed you? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never happened Always happened 4. Until now your life has had: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 No clear goals or purpose at all Ver clear goals and purpose 5. Do you have the feeling that you're being treated unfairly? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very often Very seldom or never 6. Do you have the feeling that you are in an unfamiliar situation and don't know what to do? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very often Very seldom or never 7. Doing the things you do every day is: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A source of deep pleasure and satisfaction A source of pain and boredom 8. Do you have very mixed-up feelings and ideas? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very often Very seldom or never 9. Does it happen that you have feelings inside you would rather not feel? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very often Very seldom or never 10. Many people - even those with a strong character - sometimes feel like sad sacks (losers) in certain situations. How often have you felt this way in the past? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Never Very often 11. When something happened, have you generally found that: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 You overestimated or underestimated its importance You saw things in the right proportion 12. How often do you have the feeling that there's little meaning in the things you do in your daily life? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very often Very seldom or never 13. How often do you have feelings that you're not sure you can keep under control? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very often Very seldom or never __A good Bit of the Time __Some of the time __A little bit of the time __None of the Time Have you been a happy person? __All of the time __Most of the time __A good Bit of the Time __Some of the time __A little bit of the time __None of the Time Did you feel tired? __All of the time __Most of the time __A good Bit of the Time __Some of the time __A little bit of the time __None of the Time SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: During the past 4 weeks, how much of the time has your physical health or emotional problems interfered with your social activities (like visiting with friends, relatives, etc.)? __All of the time __Most of the time __A good Bit of the Time __Some of the time __A little bit of the time __None of the Time GENERAL HEALTH: How true or false is each of the following statements for you? I seem to get sick a little easier than other people __Definitely true __Mostly true __Don't know __Mostly false __Definitely false I am as healthy as anybody I know __Definitely true __Mostly true __Don't know __Mostly false __Definitely false I expect my health to get worse __Definitely true __Mostly true __Don't know __Mostly false __Definitely false My health is excellent __Definitely true __Mostly true __Don't know __Mostly false __Definitely false