In the aftermath of Permian-Triassic boundary mass-extinction: new ostracod (Crustacea) genus and species from South Tibet

247 GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.geodiversitas.com MOTS CLÉS Crustacea, Ostracodes, Trias inférieur et moyen, sud Tibet, genre nouveau, espèces nouvelles. KEY WORDS Crustacea, Ostracods, Lower-Middle Triassic, South Tibet, new genus, new species. Forel M.-B. & Crasquin S. 2011. — In the aftermath of Permian-Triassic boundary massextinction: new ostracod (Crustacea) genus and species from South Tibet. Geodiversitas 33 (2): 247-263. DOI: 10.5252/g2011n2a3. ABSTRACT 46 samples were processed for a taxonomic ostracod study from the LowerMiddle Triassic (Smithian to Anisian) of South Tibet. Forty four species belonging to 15 genera are recognized. One genus and seven species are described as new: Bairdia jeancharlesi Forel n. sp., Bairdia letangae Forel n. sp., Bairdiacypris combeae Forel n. sp., Petasobairdia collini Forel n. sp., Hungarella tulongensis Crasquin n. sp., Triassicindivisia tibetinella Crasquin n. gen., n. sp., Liuzhinia larmae Forel n. sp. Th e goal of this paper is to describe the new taxa as a preliminary step to palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. RÉSUMÉ Après l’extinction en masse de la limite Permien-Trias : nouveau genre et nouvelles espèces d’ostracodes du sud Tibet. Quarante-six échantillons ont été analysés pour l’étude des ostracodes du Trias inférieur et moyen (Smithien à Anisien) du sud Tibet. Quarante-quatre espèces appartenant à 15 genres ont été identifi ées. Un genre et sept espèces sont nouveaux : Bairdia jeancharlesi Forel n. sp., Bairdia letangae Forel n. sp., Bairdiacypris combeae Forel n. sp., Petasobairdia collini Forel n. sp., Hungarella tulongensis Crasquin n. sp., Triassicindivisia tibetinella n. gen. n. sp., Liuzhinia larmae Forel n. sp. Le sujet de cet article est la description des nouveaux taxons en prélude à une reconstruction paléoenvironnementale. In the aftermath of Permian-Triassic boundary mass-extinction: new ostracod (Crustacea) genus and species from South Tibet Marie-Béatrice FOREL Sylvie CRASQUIN UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7207 CR2P, Laboratoire de Micropaléontologie, T.46-56, E.5, case 104, F-75252 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] [email protected] 248 GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) Forel M.-B. & Crasquin S. INTRODUCTION GEOLOGICAL SETTING Th e Tulong section was located on the North Indian margin during the Early Triassic. It crops out near the village of Tulong (28°26’13’’N, 86°08’09’’E; 4430 m) on the road from Lhasa to Nyalam (Fig. 1). Th is section is well known for its Lower Triassic succession in South Tibet. It was described by Garzanti et al. (1998) and more recently by Shen et al. (2006). More recently, the Permian-Triassic interval in this area was restudied by a team from Zurich (Switzerland) and the stratigraphic succession obtained from other outcrops allow establishment of an almost complete succession from the Upper Permian up to the Lower Anisian (Brühwiler et al. 2009). Th e Tulong section corresponds to units III to VI of the Tulong Formation and is very well dated by ammonoids and conodonts (Brühwiler et al. 2009). It is beyond the scope of this paper to re-describe the section in detail. Th e following short presentation of the section (Fig. 2) is based on Brühwiler et al. (2009). Th e unit III corresponds to 9 m of mostly grey limestone beds alternating with thin shale intervals. It is subdivided in four sub-units. Th e sub-unit IIIa is composed of 1.60 m of red-weathering dolomitized calcarenite and grey packstones and is Smithian in age (based on conodonts); this subunit was not sampled. Th e sub-unit IIIb consists of 20 m of thin-bedded, platy to nodular, grey to light red limestones alternating with shale interbeds and is Middle Smithian in age (conodonts). Th e sub-unit IIIc is 4 m thick and is composed of medium bedded grey limestone alternating with shales or very nodular marly limestone. Th e lower part of sub-unit IIIc contains middle Smithian ammonoids and the upper part late Smithian ammonoids. Th e sub-unit IIId consists of 1 m of massive very nodular marly limestone of latest Smithian age (ammonoids and conodonts). Lhasa area enlarged TIBET NEPAL BHUTAN INDIA Jurassic Triassic Palaeozoic Crystalline Lalung La Tulong Tu Yali 86°20’E 86°10’ thrust fault Tso Lama 28°24’ 28°30’N 5 km normal fault To Nyalam Tong La Gyanyima FIG. 1. — Location map of the Tulong section (), South Tibet (after Brühwiler et al. 2009). 249 New ostracods (Crustacea) from South Tibet GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) Th e unit IV corresponds to 4 m of shales of early Spathian age (conodonts and ammonoids) subdivided into a lower green part and an upper red part. Th e unit V is 6 m thick and consist of nodular, marly and bioturbated limestones of “ammonitico rosso” facies (Garzanti et al. 1998) Owenites Green shales Red shales 0 5 10 15 m a b c d a b V VI IV III Smithian Spathian Anisian Early Triassic Middle Triassic Hellenites Prionites Wasatchites Glyptophiceras Nordophiceras Columbites Xenoceltites Arctoceratid A Flemingitid A Arctoceratid B Gymnites Pseudodanubites 06Ti18b 06Ti17 06Ti16 06Ti13 06Ti09 06Ti05 06Ti22 06Ti35 06Ti32 06Ti27 Samples Ammonoid faunasUnits undescribed albanitid Fengshanites Paragoceras 06Ti18a 06Ti04 06Ti03 06Ti02 06Ti01 06Ti06 06Ti07 06Ti08 06Ti11 06Ti12 06Ti10 06Ti14 06Ti15 06Ti19 06Ti20 06Ti21 06Ti23 06Ti24 06Ti26 06Ti25 06Ti34 06Ti33 06Ti31 06Ti30 06Ti29 06Ti28 Shales with phosphatic nodules Laminated limestone Nodular, laminated limestone Ammonoids Orthoceratids Bivalves Shales Dolomitic limestone Brachiopods Crinoids White, recrystallised limestone Gastropods Foraminifera Ostracods Stromatactis cavities Fish teeth Tulong Formation Na12 FIG. 2. — Log of the Tulong section, South Tibet, with the location of the studied samples (after Brühwiler et al. 2009). 250 GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) Forel M.-B. & Crasquin S. and is middle Spathian in age (ammonoids and conodonts). Th e last unit, unit VI, consists of 1 m of thinbedded yellowish nodular limestones overlain by less than 1 m of grey and yellowish limestone. Th e last beds contain early middle Anisian ammonoids. MATERIAL AND METHOD Forty six samples, distributed through a 21 m thick sequence (Fig. 2), were processed by hot acetolysis method (Lethiers & Crasquin-Soleau 1988; Crasquin-Soleau et al. 2005) which allows the extraction of calcareous shells contained in calcareous rocks. Twenty-nine samples gave ostracods; three of them yielded only indeterminable specimens. Except for several specimens, in most of cases, the preservation of ostracods is poor and the number of specimens is low. Internal features were not observed. Forty four species belonging to 15 genera are identifi ed and fi gured (Figs 3-8). Seven species and one genus are new and described in detail in this paper. Other indicative species are also fi gured (Figs 3-8) and a complete list is available in Table 1. All the specimens are deposited in the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (UPMC) collection (numbers: P6Mxx). ABBREVIATIONS AB anterior border; ADB antero-dorsal border; AVB antero-ventral border; DB dorsal border; H height; L length; LV left valve; PB posterior border; PDB postero-dorsal border; PVB postero-ventral border; RV right valve; VB ventral border; W width. SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY Class OSTRACODA Latreille, 1806 Subclass PODOCOPA Müller, 1894 Order PODOCOPIDA Müller, 1894 Suborder PODOCOPINA Sars, 1866 Superfamily BAIRDIOIDEA Sars, 1887 Family BAIRDIIDAE Sars, 1887 Genus Bairdia McCoy, 1844 TYPE SPECIES. — Bairdia curta McCoy, 1844. Bairdia jeancharlesi Forel n. sp. (Fig. 3I-L) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: one complete carapace (P6M2607; Fig. 3J); paratype: one complete carapace (P6M2603; Fig. 3I). ETYMOLOGY. — Dedicated to Jean-Charles Forel, personal dedication. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 26 complete carapaces and 1 single valve. DIMENSIONS. — L = 435 to 1120 μm; H = 260 to 680 μm. Holotype: L = 453 μm; H = 276 μm. Paratype: L = 895 μm; H = 535 μm. TYPE HORIZON. — Sample 06Ti08, unit IIIb, Tulong Formation, Smithian, Lower Triassic. TYPE LOCALITY. — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. O CCURRENCE . — Tulong section, southern Tibet. Samples 06Ti04, 06Ti08, 06Ti21, 06Ti27-31, 06Ti35, Tulong Formation, units III, V and VI, Smithian to Anisian, Lower-Middle Triassic. DIAGNOSIS. — A punctate species of Bairdia with faint overlap, AB and PB with quite small radius of curvature, PDB, BD and ADB straight at RV. DESCRIPTION RV: PDB, DB and ADB straight; AB regularly arched with maximum of curvature located in its middle; AVB and PVB regularly convex; VB concave FIG. 3. — Specimens from Tulong section (Tibet), stored at the Pierre et Marie Curie University Collections (Paris, France): A-E, Bairdia letangae Forel n. sp.; A, holotype (P6M2595), right lateral view of a complete carapace; B, paratype (P6M2596), right lateral view; C, right lateral view of a broken carapace (P6M2597); D, right lateral view of a broken carapace (P6M2598); E, left lateral view of a 251 New ostracods (Crustacea) from South Tibet GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) A C F J HM KL GI DE B complete carapace (P6M2599); F-H, Bairdia fi nalyi (Méhes, 1911); F, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2601); G, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2602); H, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2606); I-L, Bairdia jeancharlesi Forel n. sp. ; I, paratype (P6M2603), right lateral view of a complete carapace; J, holotype (P6M2607), right lateral view of a complete carapace; K, right lateral view of a broken carapace (P6M2604); L, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2605); M, Spinocypris vulgaris Kozur, 1971, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2600). Scale bars: 100 μm. 252 GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) Forel M.-B. & Crasquin S. in its anterior part; PB with quite small radius of curvature but bairdoid beak poorly expressed. LV: PDB straight, DB regularly arched, ADB straight to gently arched, AB rounded with maximum of curvature in its middle; AVB, VB and PVB arched; PB with quite small radius of curvature. Carapace TABLE 1. — Distribution chart and abundances of Lower and Middle Triassic ostracods in the Tulong section. The global extension of each species within the section is represented with grey parts. Abundances are indicated as follows: z, between 1 and 5 specimens; , between 5 and 10 specimens; ¡, between 10 and 20 specimens; ×, more than 20 specimens. Early Triassic Middle Triassic Smithian Spathian Anisian Species Na12 06Ti04 06Ti06 06Ti07 06Ti08 06Ti11 06Ti13 06Ti14 06Ti20 06Ti21 06Ti22 06Ti23 06Ti25 06Ti26 06Ti27 06Ti28 06Ti29 06Ti30 06Ti31 06Ti32 06Ti33 06Ti34 06Ti35 Liuzhinia larmae n. sp. zzzz z Acratia cf. symmetrica Hao, 1992 z Acratia goemoeryi Kozur, 1970 zz z Bairdia jeancharlesi n. sp. z z z zzzzz z Bairdia? sp. D zz Triassicindivisia tibetinella n. gen., n. sp. zz zzz Bairdia fi nalyi (Méhes, 1911) z z zzz zz Hungarella sp. C z Bairdia fengshanensis Crasquin-Soleau, 2006 zz Hungarella tulongensis n. sp. zzz z zס z z Torohealdia? sp. A zzz Callicythere cf. mazurensis (Styk, 1972) z Hungarella sp. B zz Microcheilinella sp. A z Hungarella sp. E zz Bairdia cf. cassiana rotundi dorsata Monostori, 1995 zz Petasobairdia collini n. sp. zz zzz Bairdia letangae n. sp. zzzz Bairdiacypris combeae n. sp. zzzzzz Bairdia balatonica Méhes, 1911 zz Bairdiacypris anisica Kozur, 1971 zzz Hungarella? sp. zz Acratia sp. A z Callicythere subovata (Zheng, 1976) zz Liuzhinia guangxiensis Crasquin-Soleau, 2006 zz Bairdia cf. fi nalyi (Méhes, 1911) zz Bairdia sp. E zz Acratia? sp. B z Cytheropteron? sp. A z Liuzhinia sp. B z Spinocypris vulgaris Kozur, 1971 z Bairdia sp. C zz Microcheilinella sp. C zz Citrella ampelsbachensis (Kozur & Bolz, 1971) zzzzzz Microcheilinella sp. B z Urobairdia? sp. z Bairdia anisicaforma Monostori, 1994 zz Bairdia anisica Kozur, 1970 z Hungarella sp. A zz Bairdia cf. Bairdia (Urobairdia) sp. 1 sensu Monostori 1995 zzz Hungarella sp. D z Bairdia cf. anisica Kozur, 1970 z Callicythere cf. lysi Crasquin-Soleau, 2004 z Bythocypris cf. Bythocypris sp. B sensu Bolz 1971 z 253 New ostracods (Crustacea) from South Tibet GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) ornamented by small punctations, fl attened laterally in posterior and anterior parts; overlap is small with maximum in anterior part of DB; H/L = 0.61. REMARKS Bairdia jeancharlesi Forel n. sp. is close to Bairdia cassiana rotundidorsata Monostori, 1995 from the Anisian of Balaton area (Hungary; Monostori 1995). Here, the carapace is shorter, the overlap is weaker and the DB and PDB are more inclined posteriorly. Bairdia letangae Forel n. sp. (Fig. 3A-E) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: one complete carapace (P6M2596; Fig. 3A); paratype: one complete carapace (P6M2595; Fig. 3B). ETYMOLOGY. — Dedicated to Béatrice Letang, personal dedication. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 7 complete carapaces and 2 single valves. DIMENSIONS. — L = 540-785 μm; H = 320-500 μm. Holotype: L = 785 μm; H = 492 μm. Paratype: L = 540 μm; H = 320 μm. T YPE HORIZON . — Sample 06Ti30, unit VI, Tulong Formation, Early Anisian, Middle Triassic. TYPE LOCALITY. — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. OCCURRENCE. — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. Samples 06Ti21, 06Ti30, 06Ti31 and 06Ti34, Tulong Formation, units V and VI, Spathian-Anisian, Early-Middle Triassic. D IAGNOSIS . A massive species of ornamented Bairdia with AB and PB fl attened, large reticulation on all the carapace except the dorsal margin. DESCRIPTION At RV, PDB straight, DB long and more or less horizontal, ADB straight to gently concave. At LV all dorsal parts form a regular arch. AB with quite small radius of curvature; AVB and PDB regularly arched; VB straight at LV, gently concave RV; PB with medium radius of curvature; maximum of curvature of PB and AB located at the same H; carapace strongly compressed along free margins and particularly in AB and PB; surface ornamented by a large reticulation, this reticulation is present on all the surface except for dorsal margins of both valves. REMARKS Bairdia letangae Forel n. sp. is similar to Bairdia ortiseiensis Crasquin, 2008 from the Late Permian of the Tesero section (Northern Italy; Crasquin et al. 2008). Here the DB is longer, the radius of curvature of AB is more important and the overlap is stronger. Compared to Lobobairdia zapfei Kozur, 1971 from the Anisian of Balaton area (Kozur 1971; Monostori 1995), Bairdia letangae Forel n. sp. has a straighter DB and reticulation present all over the carapace surface. Genus Petasobairdia Chen, 1982 T YPE SPECIES . — Petasobairdia bicornuta Chen, 1982 (in Chen & Shi 1982). Petasobairdia collini Forel n. sp. (Fig. 4I-M) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: one complete carapace (P6M2615; Fig. 4M); paratype: one complete carapace (P6M2619; Fig. 4J). E TYMOLOGY . — Dedicated to Dr Pierre-Yves Collin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 18 complete carapaces and 20 isolated valves. DIMENSIONS. — L = 630-1140 μm; H = 350-700 μm. Holotype: L = 1030 μm; H = 680 μm. Paratype: L = 848 μm; H = 546 μm. T YPE HORIZON . — Sample 06Ti30, unit VI, Tulong Formation, Early Anisian, Middle Triassic. TYPE LOCALITY. — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. O CCURRENCE . — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. Samples 06Ti21, 06Ti25, 06Ti30, 06Ti32, 06Ti33, Tulong Formation, units V and VI, Spathian-Anisian, EarlyMiddle Triassic. DIAGNOSIS. — A species of Petasobairdia with slight dorsal blade at LV, PB with very small radius of curvature and fi ngerprint ornamentation of fi ne ribs. 254 GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) Forel M.-B. & Crasquin S. DESCRIPTION RV: PDB, DB and ADB straight; DB quite horizontal compared with VB; AB with medium radius of curvature, maximum of curvature at mid-H; VB nearly straight to gently concave; PB with very small radius of curvature and maximum of curvature located at mid H; LV: dorsal and ventral parts regularly arched; DB being more or less one third of length; presence of a dorsal blade. Carapace laterally compressed at AB, AVB, PVB and PB; LV overlaps RV on dorsal and ventral margins with maximum on DB; carapace ornamented by a very fi ne reticulation organized in fi ngerprint of fi ne ribs parallel to margins. REMARKS Petasobairdia collini Forel n. sp. is close to two Late Permian species from South China. Petasobairdia nantongensis Chen, 1982 (in Chen & Shi 1982) has a shorter VB, overlap less important on ADB and PDB, AB and PB are smaller. Petasobairdia subnantongensis Chen, 1987 (in Shi & Chen 1987) has a longer DB particularly on LV and has a ventral “blade”. Genus Bairdiacypris Bradfi eld, 1935 TYPE SPECIES. — Bairdiacypris deloi Bradfi eld, 1935. Bairdiacypris combeae Forel n. sp. (Fig. 5F-H) Fabalicypris reniformis. – Hao 1992: 41, 42, pl. 1, fi gs 10, 11. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: one complete carapace (P6M2624; Fig. 5F); paratype: one complete carapace (P6M2625; Fig. 5H). E TYMOLOGY. — Dedicated to Simone Combe, personal dedication. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 9 complete carapaces. DIMENSIONS. — L = 495-770 μm; H = 245-375 μm. Holotype: L = 529 μm; H = 245 μm. Paratype: L = 754 μm; H = 360 μm. TYPE HORIZON. — Sample 06Ti30, Unit VI, Tulong Formation, Anisian, Middle Triassic. TYPE LOCALITY. — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. OCCURRENCE. — Tulong section, Southern Tibet. Samples 06Ti21, 06Ti27, 06Ti28, 06Ti30 and 06Ti34, units V and VI, Spathian-Anisian, Early-Middle Triassic. D IAGNOSIS . — A species of Bairdiacypris with maximum of height located in posterior part of the carapace, AB with small radius of curvature and maximum of curvature located high. DESCRIPTION DB short and straight at both valves; ADB long and straight; AB with quite small radius of curvature with maximum convexity located high (just below mid-H); VB long, convex at LV and concave at RV; PB with small radius of curvature with maximum of convexity located low (below lower ⅓ of H); carapace long (H/L = 0.46); maximum of H located in posterior third of L. REMARKS Bairdiacypris combeae Forel n. sp. is close to Bairdiacypris reniformis (Chen, 1958) from the Early Permian of South China. In B. combeae Forel n. sp. the radius of curvature of AB and PB are smaller. Genus Liuzhinia Zheng, 1976 TYPE SPECIES. — Liuzhinia subovata Zheng, 1976. Liuzhinia larmae Forel n. sp. (Fig. 6C-G) TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: one complete carapace (P6M2638; Fig. 6C); paratype: one complete carapace (P6M2639; Fig. 6D). FIG. 4. — Specimens from Tulong section (Tibet), stored at the Pierre et Marie Curie University Collections (Paris, France): A, Bairdia fengshanensis Crasquin-Soleau, 2006, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2608); B, Bairdia sp. C, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2609); C, Acratia? sp. B, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2610); D, Bairdia anisicaforma Monostori, 1994, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2611); E, Bairdia sp. F, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2612); 255 New ostracods (Crustacea) from South Tibet GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) A C F I LM JK GH DE B F, Bairdia anisica Kozur, 1970, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2613); G, Bairdia? sp. D, left lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2614); H, Bairdia cf. fi nalyi (Méhes, 1911), right lateral view of a broken carapace (P6M2620); I-M, Petasobairdia collini Forel n. sp.; I, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2617); J, paratype (P6M2619), right lateral view of a nearly complete carapace (dorsal part of left valve is missing); K, right lateral view of a nearly complete carapace (P6M2613); L, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2618); M, holotype (P6M2615), right lateral view of a complete carapace. Scale bars: 100 μm. 262 GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) Forel M.-B. & Crasquin S. GARZANTI E., NICORA A. & RETTORI R. 1998. — Permo-Triassic boundary and lower to middle Triassic in South Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 16: 143-157. HAO W. C. 1992. — Early Triassic Ostracods from Guizhou. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 9 (1): 37-44. KOZUR H. 1971. — Die Bairdiacea der Trias. Teil I: Skulpturierte Bairdiidae aus Mitteltriassischen Flachwasserablagerungen. Geologisch-Paläontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck 1 (3): 1-27. LETHIERS F. & CRASQUIN-SOLEAU S. 1988. — Comment extraire des microfossiles à tests calcitiques de roches calcaires dures. Revue de Micropaléontologie 31 (1): 56-61. MÉHES G. 1911. — Über Trias-Ostrakoden aus dem Bakony. Resultate wissenschaftlicher Erforschungen des Balatonsees 1 (2): 1-38. M ONOSTORI M. 1995. — Environmental signifi cance of the Anisian Ostracoda fauna from the Forras Hill near Felsoors (Balaton Highland, Transdanubia, Hungary). Acta Geologica Hungarica 39 (1): 37-56. SHEN S. Z., CAO C. Q., HENDERSON C. H., WANG X. D., SHI R. G., WANG Y. & WANG W. 2006. — End-Permian mass extinction pattern in the northern peri-Gondwanan region. Palaeoworld 15: 3-30. SHI C. G. & CHEN D. Q. 1987. — Th e Changhsingian ostracodes from Meishan Changxing, Zhejiang. Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systemic Boundaries in China; Permian and Triassic Boundary 5: 23-80. Z HENG S. 1976. — Early Mesozoic ostracods from some localities in South West China. Acta palaeontologica Sinica 15 (1): 77-93. Submitted on 27 November 2009; accepted on 25 August 2010. FIG. 8. — Specimens from Tulong section (Tibet), stored at the Pierre et Marie Curie University Collections (Paris, France): A-F, Hungarella tulongensis Crasquin n. sp.; A, holotype (P6M2662), right lateral view of a complete carapace; B, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2663); C, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2665); D, paratype (P6M2666), right lateral view of a complete carapace; E, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2667); F, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2661); G, Hun- 263 New ostracods (Crustacea) from South Tibet GEODIVERSITAS • 2011 • 33 (2) ABC DEF GHI JK MN L garella sp. B, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2668); H, Liuzhinia guangxiensis Crasquin-Soleau, 2006, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2672); I, Hungarella sp. D, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2670); J, Hungarella sp. E, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2671); K-M, Torohealdia? sp. A; K, left lateral view of a left valve (P6M2675); L, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2673); M, right lateral view of a broken carapace (P6M2674); N, Hungarella sp. A, right lateral view of a complete carapace (P6M2664). Scale bars:100 μm.