Thematisches Glossar "Religion, Worldviews, Ethics"

Anha ng (Onlin e Resources) zu dem Buc h J ens - Peter Green , Manfred L. Pirne r und Jens Büng ener ( Hrsg.) unter Mitar beit von N ele Orlemann Reli gions unt err icht bil ingua l. Didakt isc he Per s pektiv en und Anr eg ung en für die Pr axi s Thematisches Glossar „Religions, Worldvie ws, Ethics“ Jens - Pet er Gr een Erla nge n: FA U Uni ver sit y Pre ss 202 1 – 202 5 1 Inha lt Zur Nutzun g des Glossars .......................................................................................................... 68 Zielgruppe .............................................................................................................................. 68 Sprachliche Hilfen .................................................................................................................. 68 Inhaltl iche Vern etzung .......................................................................................................... 69 Suchfun kt ion .......................................................................................................................... 69 Work in p rogress .................................................................................................................... 69 Aborig inal spi rituality ................................................................................................................. 70 Drea mtime .............................................................................................................................. 70 Creat or beings ......................................................................................................................... 70 Tjukurpa l aws .......................................................................................................................... 70 Abort ion ...................................................................................................................................... 70 Con flic t of ri gh ts ..................................................................................................................... 70 A bit of tissue or unbo rn life? ................................................................................................ . 71 Ending t he pregnancy ............................................................................................................. 71 Perf ormi ng abor tions .............................................................................................................. 72 Sex - selective abortions ........................................................................................................... 72 Backstre et aborti ons ............................................................................................................... 73 Psych olog ical i mpact of ab o rt ion s ......................................................................................... 73 Regul ating ab ortion ................................................................................................................ 74 Time limits on abortion .......................................................................................................... 75 Ab o rt io n in di ca t io n s ............................................................................................................... 75 Safe access zon es ..................................................................................................................... 76 Abo rti on fundi ng .................................................................................................................... 77 Abrahamic rel igion s .................................................................................................................... 77 Abstract s ...................................................................................................................................... 78 Topic/Research question ........................................................................................................ 78 Research fo cus ......................................................................................................................... 78 Previo us research .................................................................................................................... 78 Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 79 Autho r’s position on t he topic (thesis st atement) ................................................................ . 79 Sour ces ..................................................................................................................................... 79 Findi ngs ................................................................................................................................... 79 Furt her research ...................................................................................................................... 79 Accoun t abil ity ............................................................................................................................ 80 Adaptat ion (mission ary strategy) .............................................................................................. 80 2 Ado pt ion .................................................................................................................................... 80 Agape feast .................................................................................................................................. 81 Aggi orna mento ........................................................................................................................... 81 Agnosticism ................................................................................................................................ . 81 Ahimsa ......................................................................................................................................... 82 Alevism ........................................................................................................................................ 82 Syncret ism ............................................................................................................................... 82 Und ers ta ndin g of Go d ............................................................................................................ 83 Moral co de ............................................................................................................................... 83 Gender roles ............................................................................................................................ 83 Rituals ...................................................................................................................................... 83 Altar call ..................................................................................................................................... 84 Altarpiece ................................................................................................................................... 84 Alt ar servers ................................................................................................................................ 85 Amazing G race ............................................................................................................................ 85 New meanings in new co nt exts .............................................................................................. 85 Message o f hope ...................................................................................................................... 85 Haunt i ng t une ........................................................................................................................ 86 Ambigu ity ................................................................................................................................... 86 Ope n t o in ter pre tati on .......................................................................................................... 86 Not all black and white ........................................................................................................... 87 Ambi g uity to lera nce ............................................................................................................... 87 Amish .......................................................................................................................................... 87 Origins ..................................................................................................................................... 87 Gel assenheit ........................................................................................................................... 88 Sepa ra tio n fr om the wor ld ..................................................................................................... 88 Co rrective church discip lin e .................................................................................................. 88 Rumsp ringa ............................................................................................................................ 89 Anabaptists ................................................................................................................................ . 89 Ancest ral spirit s ......................................................................................................................... 89 An g el s ......................................................................................................................................... 90 Messeng ers, g uardians, guides .............................................................................................. 90 Hierarchy of angel s ................................................................................................................. 91 Ange l o f Yahw e ........................................................................................................................ 91 Heavenly beings ...................................................................................................................... 91 Fall of the rebel angels ............................................................................................................ 92 3 Symb ols, meta phors , pers onific atio ns ................................................................................... 92 Charms, trinkets, worry stones ............................................................................................... 92 Ang els in the visual art s .............................................................................................................. 93 Humanl ike wi th wing s ............................................................................................................ 93 Poses and activities ................................................................................................................. 93 Image s with a twist ................................................................................................................. 93 Angli can C ommuni on ............................................................................................................... 94 Worldwide family of independen t churches ........................................................................ 94 Archbishop of Cante rbury ..................................................................................................... 94 Lambet h Conference .............................................................................................................. 94 An g st ........................................................................................................................................... 95 Animal ethics .............................................................................................................................. 95 Animal rights ........................................................................................................................... 95 Anim al research ..................................................................................................................... 96 An i m al - f ree research ............................................................................................................... 97 Cruelt y to animal s ................................................................................................................... 97 Animal welfare ........................................................................................................................ 97 Animal welfare activists ......................................................................................................... 98 Anim al husbandry ..................................................................................................................... 98 Livestock farming ................................................................................................................... 98 Inte nsi ve ani mal fa rmi ng ....................................................................................................... 99 Organi c animal f arming ......................................................................................................... 99 Labelling ................................................................................................................................ . 99 Annihilationism ........................................................................................................................ 1 00 Anthr opolo gy ............................................................................................................................ 1 00 Views, underst andings, phil osophies ................................................................................... 1 00 Optimistic, pessimistic, realistic .......................................................................................... 100 Human nature and evil .......................................................................................................... 101 Ant hroposophy ......................................................................................................................... 1 02 Spir i tual pa th t o k nowl ed ge ................................................................................................ . 102 Organi sations and initiatives ................................................................................................ 102 Antisemitism ............................................................................................................................. 103 Forms of an tisemi tis m .......................................................................................................... 103 Antisemitic stereotypes ........................................................................................................ 104 Christi an anti - Judaism .......................................................................................................... 104 Anti - Jewish dress co des ........................................................................................................ 10 4 4 Ghettoisation ......................................................................................................................... 105 Fight against antisemitis m ................................................................................................... 105 Antisem itism in the visual arts ................................................................................................ . 106 Apart heid .................................................................................................................................. 107 Apoc aly ptic liter a tur e ............................................................................................................... 107 Autho r ................................................................................................................................... 1 07 Com for t a nd h ope ................................................................................................................. 1 07 Turn of the ages .................................................................................................................... 1 07 Symboli c la ngua ge ................................................................................................................ 108 Ap ocal yptic t hink ing ................................................................................................................ 108 Apos tasy .................................................................................................................................... 109 Apostles’ Creed ......................................................................................................................... 109 Apos troph e ................................................................................................................................ . 110 Appeal to ancient wisdo m ......................................................................................................... 110 Arcadia ....................................................................................................................................... 1 10 Argu mentu m ad h omine m ......................................................................................................... 111 Ark of th e Cov e nant .................................................................................................................... 111 Armage dd on ............................................................................................................................... 112 Art o f li fe .................................................................................................................................... 112 Artificial insem ination by donor ( AID) .................................................................................... 113 Male fertility issues ................................................................................................................ 113 Getting inseminated .............................................................................................................. 113 Impa ct o n the fa mi ly .............................................................................................................. 113 Ashram ....................................................................................................................................... 114 Assiste d suicide .......................................................................................................................... 114 Vol untary suicide ................................................................................................................... 114 Right to die ............................................................................................................................. 114 Safeg uards .............................................................................................................................. 115 Medical conditions ................................................................................................................. 116 Com ple ted li fe ........................................................................................................................ 116 Suicide by st arvation .............................................................................................................. 116 Suicide pods ........................................................................................................................... 116 Astrol ogy .................................................................................................................................... 117 Belief in the stars .................................................................................................................... 117 Astrol ogica l meta phors .......................................................................................................... 118 Pseudoscience ........................................................................................................................ 118 5 Copin g mech anis m ................................................................................................................ 118 Asylum ........................................................................................................................................ 118 Accep tin g asy lum - seekers ..................................................................................................... 118 Rejecting asylum - seekers ....................................................................................................... 119 Church sanct uary ................................................................................................................... 119 Strang ers and fo reigners in t he Bible ................................................................................... 120 Athei sm ..................................................................................................................................... 1 20 At m an ........................................................................................................................................ 1 20 Augsburg Conf ession ( 1530) ..................................................................................................... 1 20 Avatar (Hinduism ) ..................................................................................................................... 121 Axial Age .................................................................................................................................... 121 Baby hatches .............................................................................................................................. 121 Babylonian exile ......................................................................................................................... 122 Deportation ............................................................................................................................ 122 Promise of a joyous ret urn ..................................................................................................... 122 Bach, J ohann Sebasti an (1685 – 17 50 ) .......................................................................................... 122 Glory to God a lone ................................................................................................................. 122 Passion m usic ......................................................................................................................... 123 Bahá’i fait h ................................................................................................................................ 124 Ball, John (? - 138 1) ...................................................................................................................... 12 4 Banality of evil ........................................................................................................................... 126 Bapt ism ....................................................................................................................................... 127 Getting baptised ..................................................................................................................... 127 Inf ant baptism ........................................................................................................................ 127 Adult bapti sm ......................................................................................................................... 127 Drop - in bap t ism .................................................................................................................... 128 Baptism bible verse ............................................................................................................... 128 Bapt ism al clot hing ................................................................................................................ 128 Imme rsion baptism ............................................................................................................... 128 Dipping , pour ing , spri nkl ing ................................................................................................ 129 Bap tis ts ...................................................................................................................................... 129 Bar m itzvah/Bat mit zvah .......................................................................................................... 129 Base communities ..................................................................................................................... 130 Basic trust .................................................................................................................................. 130 Basic trust versus mist rust .................................................................................................... 130 A gi ft for li fe ........................................................................................................................... 131 6 Beat itudes (Matthew 5: 1 – 12) ...................................................................................................... 131 Magna Carta ........................................................................................................................... 131 Paradoxical st atements .......................................................................................................... 131 Blessed a re... ........................................................................................................................... 131 Becoming like children (Matthew 18 :1 – 4; 19:13 – 14) ................................................................... 1 32 Children as model s of fait h and li fe ...................................................................................... 1 32 Children as idealised inn ocents ............................................................................................. 133 Begui ne move ment .................................................................................................................... 133 Medieval beguinages .............................................................................................................. 133 Conte mpor ary b eguina ge s ..................................................................................................... 133 Belief and doubt ........................................................................................................................ 134 Bible ............................................................................................................................................ 135 Script ures ................................................................................................................................ 135 Interpretive approaches ........................................................................................................ 136 Fundamental ist readings ....................................................................................................... 137 Liberal readings ...................................................................................................................... 137 Allegorica l readings .............................................................................................................. 138 Biblical justifications ............................................................................................................. 138 Bible Art Journ aling .................................................................................................................. 138 Bible Belt ................................................................................................................................... 139 Bible Student movement .......................................................................................................... 139 Bibl e s tudy ................................................................................................................................ . 140 Bible t hrough dance .................................................................................................................. 140 Biblical patriarchs an d matriarchs ........................................................................................... 140 Biblio drama ................................................................................................................................ 141 Bind ing o f Is aac (G enes is 22:1 – 19) ............................................................................................ 142 Blasp hemy ................................................................................................................................ . 143 Blasp heming .......................................................................................................................... 14 3 Blasp hemy bans ..................................................................................................................... 143 Blessing ...................................................................................................................................... 143 Blessed to be a blessing (Genesis 12: 1 – 3) .............................................................................. 143 Blessing ritual s ...................................................................................................................... 143 Religious and non - religious blessing s .................................................................................. 144 Blessing symbol s ................................................................................................................... 145 Counting one’s bl essings ...................................................................................................... 146 Seeking a blessing ................................................................................................................. 146 7 Blessing way ............................................................................................................................... 147 Bodhi t ree .................................................................................................................................. 147 Bod hisatt va ................................................................................................................................ 148 Böckenförde di lemma ............................................................................................................... 148 Bo n if a ce ..................................................................................................................................... 149 Apos tle to the Ger man s ........................................................................................................ 149 Church refo rmer ................................................................................................................... 149 Donar o ak .............................................................................................................................. 149 Death ..................................................................................................................................... 149 Book of Co mmon Pra yer .......................................................................................................... 150 Book o f Esther ........................................................................................................................... 150 Theme .................................................................................................................................... 150 End ing ................................................................................................................................... 150 Book of Job ................................................................................................................................ 150 Theme .................................................................................................................................... 150 Job‘s aff lictions ....................................................................................................................... 151 Job’s wi fe ................................................................................................................................ . 151 Job’s f riends ............................................................................................................................ 151 Job’s re sponse ......................................................................................................................... 152 Job’s re ward ............................................................................................................................ 152 Job in mode rn l iterature ........................................................................................................ 152 Visual re present ations of Job ................................................................................................ . 153 Bo o k p a in t in g ............................................................................................................................. 153 Brahman .................................................................................................................................... 154 Bridge of Siraat .......................................................................................................................... 154 Bron ze serpent (Numbe rs 21:6 – 9) ............................................................................................. 155 Buddhism ................................................................................................................................... 155 Branches, school s, movements .............................................................................................. 155 Script ures ................................................................................................................................ 155 The four si ghts ...................................................................................................................... 156 The Buddha as a doctor ........................................................................................................ 156 The Four N oble Truths ......................................................................................................... 156 From sel f to non - se lf .............................................................................................................. 157 Attac h men t ............................................................................................................................. 157 Detachment ............................................................................................................................ 157 The Noble Eightf old Path ...................................................................................................... 157 8 The Five Precepts .................................................................................................................. 158 The Three Jewels ................................................................................................................... 158 Enlightenment ...................................................................................................................... 159 Nirva na .................................................................................................................................. 159 Bullyin g ..................................................................................................................................... 159 Types of bullying ................................................................................................................... 159 Harmful be haviour ................................................................................................................ 160 Verbal bul lying ...................................................................................................................... 160 Gest ural bulling ...................................................................................................................... 161 Relation al bullying ................................................................................................................. 161 Bullies ..................................................................................................................................... 161 Bullying victims ...................................................................................................................... 161 Bystan ders .............................................................................................................................. 161 Anti - bullying policies ............................................................................................................ 162 Bura q ......................................................................................................................................... 162 Burials, burial g rounds, burial t ypes ........................................................................................ 162 Burial s .................................................................................................................................... 162 Burial gro unds ....................................................................................................................... 163 Land burials ........................................................................................................................... 163 Ossuaries ............................................................................................................................... 163 Cr em a t ion s ............................................................................................................................ 164 Crema tio n tattoos ................................................................................................................. 164 Diamond burials .................................................................................................................... 164 Green burials ......................................................................................................................... 164 Wate r burials ......................................................................................................................... 165 Air and sky burials ................................................................................................................ 165 Huma n - animal co - burials ..................................................................................................... 165 Burn out ..................................................................................................................................... 165 Busine ss ethics .......................................................................................................................... 166 Right busine ss policies and practices ................................................................................... 166 Corporat e social respon sibilit y ............................................................................................. 166 Product responsibil ity ........................................................................................................... 167 Responsible investment ........................................................................................................ 168 Respon sible sourcing ............................................................................................................ 168 Cadave r monu ments ................................................................................................................. 169 Cal ipha te ................................................................................................................................... 169 15 Cons tituti onal c our t ruli ngs ..................................................................................................... 242 Co n t en tm en t ............................................................................................................................. 243 Con version ................................................................................................................................ 243 Life - transfo rming experi ence ............................................................................................... 243 Individual vs. ma ss conversion ............................................................................................. 243 Vol untary vs. force d conversion ........................................................................................... 243 Inst antaneous vs. gradual conversion .................................................................................. 244 Coronat ion of t he Virgin ( Enguerra nd Quart on) .................................................................... 244 First impression s ................................................................................................................... 244 Tri parte cos mol ogy ............................................................................................................... 244 Trinity .................................................................................................................................... 244 Ang els and the blessed .......................................................................................................... 245 Rome a nd J erusalem ............................................................................................................. 245 The cross as bridg e ............................................................................................................... 246 Underwo rld .......................................................................................................................... 246 Cosmis m ................................................................................................................................... 246 Cosm ology ................................................................................................................................ . 2 47 Ancient Near Easte rn c osmol ogy ......................................................................................... 247 Eliz abetha n cos mology ......................................................................................................... 2 47 Counselling ............................................................................................................................... 248 Co unte r - Refor mati on .............................................................................................................. 249 Coura ge ..................................................................................................................................... 2 50 Taking heart .......................................................................................................................... 250 Moral co urage ....................................................................................................................... 250 Cov ena nt .................................................................................................................................... 251 Binding promises ................................................................................................................... 251 Noah’s C ovenant .................................................................................................................... 251 Abrahamic C o ve n an t ............................................................................................................. 251 Sinai Covenant ....................................................................................................................... 251 New Cove nant ........................................................................................................................ 251 Cow worship (Hinduism ) .......................................................................................................... 251 Creation ..................................................................................................................................... 252 Creation stories ..................................................................................................................... 2 52 Order out of chaos ................................................................................................................ 253 Dis enc ha ntme n t of na tur e .................................................................................................... 253 The creato r as artisan ............................................................................................................ 253 16 Made in God’s im age ............................................................................................................. 2 53 Created male and female ...................................................................................................... 254 Ruler of creation .................................................................................................................... 254 Steward of creat ion ............................................................................................................... 254 Nami ng a s c on t ro l ................................................................................................................. 255 Creation doctrine .................................................................................................................. 2 55 Creation o f Ada m (Mic he lange lo) ............................................................................................ 256 Ico n i c p a in t ing ...................................................................................................................... 256 God and Adam ...................................................................................................................... 256 The clo ak ............................................................................................................................... 2 57 The woman under God’s left arm ......................................................................................... 257 The gift of life ........................................................................................................................ 257 Creationism ............................................................................................................................... 257 Creeds ........................................................................................................................................ 258 Creedal formulas in t he Bible ............................................................................................... 258 Personal creeds ..................................................................................................................... 258 Expressin g f ait h ..................................................................................................................... 258 Cross (C hristian sym bol) .......................................................................................................... 259 Cross (i nscription ) .................................................................................................................... 259 Cross (t ypes) .............................................................................................................................. 259 Latin cross ............................................................................................................................. 259 Cel ti c cross ........................................................................................................................... 2 60 Tau cro ss ............................................................................................................................... 260 St Andre w’s cross ................................................................................................................. 260 Malte se cross ........................................................................................................................ 260 Greek cro ss ............................................................................................................................ 261 Russian O rthodox cross ........................................................................................................ 261 Crusades .................................................................................................................................... 261 Cryon ics ..................................................................................................................................... 262 Cuius regio, eius religio ............................................................................................................ 2 62 Cult of Reason ........................................................................................................................... 263 Cul t of the Supr e me Be i ng ....................................................................................................... 263 Cu lts ......................................................................................................................................... 264 Cult s, new r eligio us group s ................................................................................................ . 264 Cult l eaders ........................................................................................................................... 264 Cult mem bers ....................................................................................................................... 264 17 Attra c tin g me m bers .............................................................................................................. 265 Contro lli ng member s ............................................................................................................ 2 65 Exit counselling .................................................................................................................... 266 Cul tur al a ppr opr ia tio n ............................................................................................................. 266 Cultural f ood banks .................................................................................................................. 2 67 Dalai La ma ................................................................................................................................ 2 67 Living bodhisattva or sim ple B uddhis t monk? .................................................................... 267 Search fo r the reincarn ation ................................................................................................ 268 Changi ng r ole ....................................................................................................................... 268 Glo bal symbol ....................................................................................................................... 269 Dance of Dea th ........................................................................................................................ 269 Dar al - Harb ............................................................................................................................... 270 Dar al - Islam ............................................................................................................................... 2 70 David ......................................................................................................................................... 2 70 Portrayal s ............................................................................................................................... 270 David and Goliat h (1 Sam uel 17) ............................................................................................ 2 71 David and Bat hsheba (2 Samuel 11:1 – 12:25 ) ........................................................................... 2 71 Deaconess .................................................................................................................................. 2 72 Commun ity of sisters ............................................................................................................ 272 Unifo rm ................................................................................................................................ . 2 72 Dead Sea Scroll s ........................................................................................................................ 2 72 The finds ................................................................................................................................ 2 72 Sectarian t exts ....................................................................................................................... 273 Impo rtan ce ............................................................................................................................ 273 Death ......................................................................................................................................... 2 74 Social, bi ologic al, le gal death ............................................................................................... 274 The deceased ......................................................................................................................... 274 Debating .................................................................................................................................... 275 The teams .............................................................................................................................. 275 The jury ................................................................................................................................ . 2 75 Moti on ................................................................................................................................... 2 75 Pros and cons ........................................................................................................................ 2 75 Cons tructi ng a n argume nt .................................................................................................... 276 Arguin g a case ....................................................................................................................... 276 Outli ning a n argu ment ......................................................................................................... 276 Weak a nd str ong ar gume nts ................................................................................................ 2 77 18 Rebuttals ................................................................................................................................ 277 Points of i nfor mation ............................................................................................................ 278 Delivery ................................................................................................................................ . 278 Deep reading ............................................................................................................................. 279 Defender of th e Faith ................................................................................................................ 27 9 Definitions ................................................................................................................................ 280 Clarif ying t erms .................................................................................................................... 280 Same concept, different n ames ............................................................................................ 2 81 Range of meanings ................................................................................................................ 2 81 Etymo logy .............................................................................................................................. 282 Sem anti c change ................................................................................................................... 282 Neol ogis ms ............................................................................................................................ 2 82 Misnomers ............................................................................................................................. 2 83 Polemi cal ter ms ..................................................................................................................... 2 83 Dehumanisation ....................................................................................................................... 2 83 Deism ........................................................................................................................................ 284 Demons ..................................................................................................................................... 284 Demythologising ....................................................................................................................... 2 85 Deradicalisation ........................................................................................................................ 285 Dervish or ders .......................................................................................................................... 286 Desert fathers an d mothers ..................................................................................................... 286 Despair ...................................................................................................................................... 2 87 Diakonia (Diaconia) .................................................................................................................. 2 87 Diaspo ra ................................................................................................................................... 288 Disciples ................................................................................................................................... 288 Jesus call s discipl es ............................................................................................................... 288 Beloved disciple .................................................................................................................... 288 Follow ing Je sus ..................................................................................................................... 288 Trustin g Jesus (Matthew 1 4:22 –33) ...................................................................................... 289 Disillusionment ........................................................................................................................ 289 Dispensationalism ................................................................................................................... 289 Dissent ers and nonconf ormists ............................................................................................... 290 Distancing expressions ............................................................................................................ 290 Divine Liturgy ........................................................................................................................... 2 91 Divine right of kings ................................................................................................................. 291 Divorce and remarriage ............................................................................................................ 292 19 Diwali ........................................................................................................................................ 2 92 Diyanet ...................................................................................................................................... 2 92 Do ut des ................................................................................................................................... 293 Dona tio n o f Cons ta nti ne .......................................................................................................... 293 Dona tio n o f Pe pin ( 756 ) ........................................................................................................... 293 Double st andard ...................................................................................................................... 2 94 Dra gon s .................................................................................................................................... 294 Western ideas ....................................................................................................................... 294 Eastern ideas ......................................................................................................................... 295 Dreams ...................................................................................................................................... 2 95 Living one’s dreams .............................................................................................................. 295 Missing out on one’s d reams ................................................................................................ 2 95 Dying ........................................................................................................................................ 296 Terminal patients ................................................................................................................. 296 Reactions to imminent d eath .............................................................................................. 296 Passing away .......................................................................................................................... 297 Early Christ ianity ..................................................................................................................... 2 98 Diversity ............................................................................................................................... 2 98 The role of w ome n ............................................................................................................... 2 99 Special abilities and spiritu al gifts: prophecy ..................................................................... 2 99 Eastern Orthodox y .................................................................................................................... 300 Ec ce Homo ................................................................................................................................ 30 0 Ecclesia and Synagog a .............................................................................................................. 30 0 Strasbo urg cat hedral ............................................................................................................. 300 Saint J oseph’s Uni versity (Phil adelphia) .............................................................................. 301 Ecclesiastes ................................................................................................................................ 301 Ec onomy f or the C ommo n Good ............................................................................................. 302 Ecosat t va ................................................................................................................................... 303 Ecumen ical movem ent ............................................................................................................. 303 Ter mi nol og y .......................................................................................................................... 303 World Coun cil of Churches .................................................................................................. 30 3 Reconciled diversity .............................................................................................................. 303 Ecumen ical wo rship .............................................................................................................. 304 Ecumen ical f ellows hip gr oups .............................................................................................. 304 Ecumenical communities ..................................................................................................... 304 Ecumenical yout h meetings ................................................................................................ . 305 20 Ed ict o f Na nte s (1 59 8) ............................................................................................................... 305 Edit o rial independence ............................................................................................................. 305 Effective altruism ...................................................................................................................... 306 Egg cryop reservat ion ................................................................................................................ 306 Egg don a tion ............................................................................................................................. 30 6 Donor and recipient .............................................................................................................. 306 Impa ct o n the fa mi ly ............................................................................................................. 30 7 Eid al - Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice) .......................................................................................... 307 Eid al - Fitr ( Feas t o f Fas t - Breaking) .......................................................................................... 307 Eight per t housand/F ive per thousan d .................................................................................... 308 Eight per t housand ................................................................................................................ 30 8 Five pe r thousan d .................................................................................................................. 308 Elijah .......................................................................................................................................... 308 Elijah in the desert ................................................................................................................ 308 Messiani c forerunn er ............................................................................................................ 308 Ascen t in to hea ven ................................................................................................................ 309 Passove r Seder ....................................................................................................................... 30 9 Elves ........................................................................................................................................... 309 Embryo P rotection Act ............................................................................................................. 31 0 Embryo resea rch ........................................................................................................................ 311 Embryo rig hts ............................................................................................................................. 311 Stages of ear ly h uman de ve lopme nt ..................................................................................... 311 Moral st atus ............................................................................................................................ 31 2 Empathy, compassion, mercy .................................................................................................... 313 Conne cting with othe rs ......................................................................................................... 313 Lacking empathy an d compassion ........................................................................................ 313 Setting and keeping limit s .................................................................................................... 314 Teaching empathy and compassi on ..................................................................................... 314 Endon yms and exonym s ........................................................................................................... 314 Enlightenment (intellectual movement) .................................................................................. 315 Definition ............................................................................................................................... 315 Heter oge neous a n d contradictory ......................................................................................... 315 Enso ulment ............................................................................................................................... 31 6 Successive ensoulment ......................................................................................................... 3 16 Simul tane ous ens ou lmen t .................................................................................................... 316 Enthusi asts (“Schwärm er”) ........................................................................................................ 317 21 Environmental ethics ................................................................................................................. 317 Epic of Gilgamesh ...................................................................................................................... 317 Epicurus ( ca. 3 41 – 270 B .C .) ....................................................................................................... 318 Materialism and hedonis m ................................................................................................... 318 Freedom f rom fear ................................................................................................................ 319 Epip hany (insight) .................................................................................................................... 319 Equali ty ..................................................................................................................................... 320 Equality of treatment ............................................................................................................ 320 Biblical justifications ............................................................................................................. 320 Equit y ......................................................................................................................................... 321 Eschatol ogical reservat ion ......................................................................................................... 321 Esoteri cism ................................................................................................................................ 322 Esoteric elitism ...................................................................................................................... 322 Esote ric ec onomy .................................................................................................................. 322 Essenes ...................................................................................................................................... 32 2 Establi shed church .................................................................................................................... 323 Esther mom ent ......................................................................................................................... 323 Ete rni ty ...................................................................................................................................... 323 Ethi cal app ro aches .................................................................................................................... 324 Moral reason ing .................................................................................................................... 324 Consequ ence - based, duty - based, agent - based .................................................................... 324 The utilitar ian a ppro ach ....................................................................................................... 324 The right s approach .............................................................................................................. 32 5 The just ice a pp roa ch ............................................................................................................. 325 The commo n good a ppr oac h ................................................................................................ 325 Th e virtue approach .............................................................................................................. 325 The care app ro ach ................................................................................................................. 325 The sit uat ion al appro ach ...................................................................................................... 326 The p rin ciple a ppro ach ......................................................................................................... 327 Ethics of responsibil ity .......................................................................................................... 327 Ethi cs of convict ion ............................................................................................................... 327 Ethical issues and dil emmas ..................................................................................................... 32 8 Ident ifying an d addressing issues ........................................................................................ 328 Facing dilemmas ................................................................................................................... 328 Mak ing , ju stify ing , ac ting on de cis io ns ................................................................................ 328 Setting priorities .................................................................................................................... 329 22 Making t rade -o ffs .................................................................................................................. 329 Making except ions ................................................................................................................ 330 Ethical judge ment s ................................................................................................................... 330 Ethics adviso ry boards ............................................................................................................... 331 Ex pert pa ne ls .......................................................................................................................... 331 Germ an Ethics Council .......................................................................................................... 331 Ethnor eligi ou s grou ps .............................................................................................................. 332 Eugen ics .................................................................................................................................... 332 Genetic improvement ........................................................................................................... 332 Negative eugenics ................................................................................................................. 332 Positive eugenics ................................................................................................................... 332 Nazi eugenics ........................................................................................................................ 333 Eurythmy ................................................................................................................................... 333 Euthan asia ................................................................................................................................ . 334 Types of euthanasi a ............................................................................................................... 334 Nazi euthanasia p rogramme ................................................................................................ . 335 Evangel ical Church in Germany ............................................................................................... 335 Evang eli cal co unsel s ................................................................................................................. 336 Evang eli cals ............................................................................................................................... 336 Definition .............................................................................................................................. 336 Born - again Christ ians ........................................................................................................... 337 Giving testimony ................................................................................................................... 338 Evil ............................................................................................................................................. 338 Moral evil ............................................................................................................................... 338 Natural evil ............................................................................................................................ 339 Metap hysical evil ................................................................................................................... 340 Exc ommu nicatio n ..................................................................................................................... 340 Existentialism ............................................................................................................................ 340 Exodus sto ry .............................................................................................................................. 340 Exorcism .................................................................................................................................... 341 Ex t ro p i an i sm ............................................................................................................................. 341 Transhuman ist philosop hy ................................................................................................... 341 Entr opy .................................................................................................................................. 342 Ex tropy .................................................................................................................................. 342 Eye for a n eye ............................................................................................................................ 342 Fair innings argument .............................................................................................................. 343 23 Fair t rade ................................................................................................................................... 344 Fair t rade goals ...................................................................................................................... 344 Fair t rade certification .......................................................................................................... 344 Fair t rade world shop s .......................................................................................................... 344 Fait h ........................................................................................................................................... 344 Having faith ........................................................................................................................... 344 Professi ng an d pra ctising a f aith .......................................................................................... 345 Cer tai nty o f faith ................................................................................................................... 345 Crisis and lo ss of f ait h ........................................................................................................... 345 Holdi ng on to y our fa ith ....................................................................................................... 346 Fait h traditions and communities ........................................................................................ 346 Fait h journe ys ........................................................................................................................ 347 Famil y ........................................................................................................................................ 347 Views of the fam ily ................................................................................................................ 347 Ty pes of fa mil y ...................................................................................................................... 348 Residence arrangements ....................................................................................................... 348 Fanta sy (genre) ......................................................................................................................... 349 F as t ing ....................................................................................................................................... 349 Fate and des tin y ........................................................................................................................ 350 Submitting to t he in evita ble ................................................................................................ . 350 Making sense of a chaot ic world .......................................................................................... 350 Shaping destin y ...................................................................................................................... 351 Personi fying f ate .................................................................................................................... 351 Fear and anxiet y ......................................................................................................................... 351 Medieval fears ........................................................................................................................ 351 Cont emporary fears .............................................................................................................. 352 Fear of t he mysterious .......................................................................................................... 352 Living with fear and anxiety ................................................................................................ . 352 Feng shui ................................................................................................................................... 35 3 Fest ivals and hol idays ............................................................................................................... 353 Breaks f rom ordinary li fe ...................................................................................................... 353 Times of gift - giving ............................................................................................................... 354 Commercialisation ................................................................................................................ 354 Times of e mptiness and d isappointment ............................................................................. 354 Statut ory holidays ................................................................................................................. 354 Inte rcu ltu ral opp ortu nitie s ................................................................................................... 355 24 Hol iday greeting s and wishes ............................................................................................... 355 Fishers o f humans ..................................................................................................................... 356 Five p illars of Islam ................................................................................................................... 356 Pro fes sio n o f fai th ................................................................................................................. 356 Prayer ..................................................................................................................................... 356 F as t ing ................................................................................................................................... 35 7 Almsgiv ing ............................................................................................................................. 357 Pilgri mage .............................................................................................................................. 358 Flagella nts ................................................................................................................................ . 358 Florilegia .................................................................................................................................... 359 Flow ........................................................................................................................................... 35 9 Foo d banks ................................................................................................................................ 360 Demand for food ban ks ........................................................................................................ 360 Donating, collecting, distr ibuting food ................................................................................ 360 Fro nt line mod el .................................................................................................................... 361 Warehouse mo del ................................................................................................................. 361 Pros and co n s ........................................................................................................................ 361 Forg iveness ................................................................................................................................ 36 1 He a lin g t he p ain .................................................................................................................... 361 A gif t, no ob liga tion .............................................................................................................. 362 F o rt un e - telling .......................................................................................................................... 362 Foun tai n of you th ..................................................................................................................... 363 Four cardi nal virt ues ................................................................................................................. 363 Basic virtues ........................................................................................................................... 363 Pru denc e ................................................................................................................................ 364 Just ice .................................................................................................................................... 364 For titu de ................................................................................................................................ 364 Temp eran ce ........................................................................................................................... 364 Four Horsem en of the Apocalypse (R evelation 6:1 – 8) ............................................................ 364 Sour ces ................................................................................................................................... 36 4 Heralds of the end o f t he worl d ............................................................................................ 364 Fran cis of Assisi ......................................................................................................................... 365 Y o ut h ..................................................................................................................................... 365 San Damiano ......................................................................................................................... 365 Preachin g t o bir ds ................................................................................................................. 365 Fran cis and the Sult an .......................................................................................................... 366 31 Worldview ............................................................................................................................. 452 Celebrat ions .......................................................................................................................... 453 Spirit ual care ......................................................................................................................... 453 Educati on .............................................................................................................................. 454 Commun ity spaces ................................................................................................................ 454 Humili ty .................................................................................................................................... 454 Humour ..................................................................................................................................... 454 Incongrui ty, superio rity, laughter ........................................................................................ 454 Types of humour ................................................................................................................... 455 Uses of humo ur ..................................................................................................................... 455 Humo ur as a coping mechani sm .......................................................................................... 456 Hutterites .................................................................................................................................. 456 Hybris (H ubris) ......................................................................................................................... 457 Hymn of t he Pearl ..................................................................................................................... 458 Apo cryphal text ..................................................................................................................... 458 Exile an d salvation of the soul .............................................................................................. 458 The missio n ........................................................................................................................... 458 Hypo crisy .................................................................................................................................. 458 Icarus ......................................................................................................................................... 459 Idealism ..................................................................................................................................... 459 Having ideals ......................................................................................................................... 459 Ideals and reality .................................................................................................................. 460 Id enti ty ...................................................................................................................................... 461 Influ e nces .............................................................................................................................. 461 Ident ity crisis ......................................................................................................................... 461 Finding oneself ...................................................................................................................... 461 Dimensions ........................................................................................................................... 462 Mixed identities ................................................................................................................... 462 Chang e ................................................................................................................................... 463 Igna tian i magina tio n ................................................................................................................ 463 Imit ation of Christ .................................................................................................................... 463 Immor tali ty .............................................................................................................................. 464 Quest for eterna l life ............................................................................................................ 464 Digital immortality .............................................................................................................. 464 In vitro fert ilisation (IVF) ......................................................................................................... 465 In vitro meat .............................................................................................................................. 465 32 Incen se ..................................................................................................................................... 466 Indu lge nce s .............................................................................................................................. 467 Initiation stories ....................................................................................................................... 467 Unsettling experience .......................................................................................................... 467 Imp act ................................................................................................................................... 467 Inn er mission ........................................................................................................................... 468 Inn er peace ............................................................................................................................... 468 Inquisi tion ................................................................................................................................ 469 Insig ht dialogue ....................................................................................................................... 469 Interpersonal meditation practice ....................................................................................... 469 Guidelines .............................................................................................................................. 470 Insp irational q u otes .................................................................................................................. 470 Intentional communities .......................................................................................................... 471 Communal living ................................................................................................................... 471 Back - to - the - l and mo veme nt ................................................................................................ 471 Insulari ty ............................................................................................................................... 472 Int ercultural le arni ng ............................................................................................................... 4 72 Int erfaith cel ebration and worship .......................................................................................... 472 Int erfaith comparisons ............................................................................................................. 473 Interfaith dialogue .................................................................................................................... 474 Building bridges .................................................................................................................... 474 Engagi ng i n dialogue ............................................................................................................. 474 Show openness a nd interest ................................................................................................ . 475 Use “I” stat ement s ................................................................................................................. 47 5 Show active listening ........................................................................................................... 476 Seek c ommo n gr ound ........................................................................................................... 4 77 Express disagreement without offending anyone ................................................................ 478 Deal constructively with misunderstandi ngs ..................................................................... 479 Interpictorial references .......................................................................................................... 4 80 Inte r textu al r ef er en ce s ............................................................................................................. 480 Invest iture contro versy ............................................................................................................. 4 81 Iona Commu nity ....................................................................................................................... 4 82 Net work commun ity ............................................................................................................. 482 Gath ere d c om mun ity ............................................................................................................ 482 Sc atter ed c om mu ni ty ............................................................................................................ 482 Levels of commitment .......................................................................................................... 4 82 33 Living by the Rule ................................................................................................................. 483 Is - ought f allacy .......................................................................................................................... 4 83 Islam ......................................................................................................................................... 484 Submission ........................................................................................................................... 484 Follo wers of Islam ................................................................................................................ 4 84 Branches , schools , mov eme nts ............................................................................................ 484 Sunna h ................................................................................................................................... 485 Islami c dress code ..................................................................................................................... 485 Hijab ..................................................................................................................................... 486 Niqab .................................................................................................................................... 4 86 Khim ar .................................................................................................................................. 4 86 Chador .................................................................................................................................. 486 Bu rqa .................................................................................................................................... 486 Islami c swimwear .................................................................................................................. 487 Skull caps ............................................................................................................................... 487 Ban on religious dress ........................................................................................................... 487 Islami c law ................................................................................................................................ . 487 Sharia ..................................................................................................................................... 487 Fatwas ................................................................................................................................... 488 Dietary laws .......................................................................................................................... 488 Corporal pun is hm en t ........................................................................................................... 488 Ampu tatio n .......................................................................................................................... 488 Sto ning ................................................................................................................................ . 488 Islami sm ................................................................................................................................... 4 89 Ithaca ........................................................................................................................................ 489 Jacob’s Ladder (G ene sis 28:10 – 25) ........................................................................................... 4 89 Jainism ...................................................................................................................................... 490 Names ................................................................................................................................... 490 Origin ................................................................................................................................... 4 90 Religion of self - he lp ............................................................................................................. 490 Tirtha n karas .......................................................................................................................... 491 Ethical principles .................................................................................................................. 491 Great er and lesser vo ws ........................................................................................................ 4 91 Vegetarianism ....................................................................................................................... 4 91 Jehovah’s W itnesses ................................................................................................................. 492 Name a nd ori gin .................................................................................................................. 492 34 Use of t he n ame “Jehov ah “ .................................................................................................. 492 Congr ega tions ...................................................................................................................... 492 Prose lytising ......................................................................................................................... 492 Ban on blood transfusions .................................................................................................... 493 Je rusalem ................................................................................................................................... 4 93 Meeti ng point of re ligi ons .................................................................................................... 4 93 City of David .......................................................................................................................... 4 93 Temple Mount ....................................................................................................................... 493 Church of t he Holy S epulchre ............................................................................................. 494 New Jerusalem ...................................................................................................................... 494 Jesus ........................................................................................................................................... 495 Jesus’ deat h (int erpretation s) ................................................................................................... 495 At o n eme n t ............................................................................................................................. 495 Martyrdo m ............................................................................................................................ 495 Hero’ s journey ....................................................................................................................... 495 Jesus‘ descen t into hell ............................................................................................................. 496 Jesus in Islam ............................................................................................................................ 496 Jesus in Judaism ....................................................................................................................... 497 Jesus in the movies ................................................................................................................... 497 Jesus fi lms ............................................................................................................................. 497 Jesus po rtrayals .................................................................................................................... 497 Jesus in the visual arts .............................................................................................................. 498 Symbo ls and secret si gns ..................................................................................................... 4 98 Figures .................................................................................................................................. 498 Physical a ppearan ce ............................................................................................................. 498 Gest ures and attribut es ......................................................................................................... 500 Resurrection .......................................................................................................................... 500 Art tr ad iti ons ......................................................................................................................... 500 Image s with a twist ............................................................................................................... 500 Jesus‘ m inistry ........................................................................................................................... 501 Jesus, a n itinerant preacher and m iracle - wo r k er ................................................................ . 501 Jesus shows con cern fo r the outcast ..................................................................................... 502 Jesus eat s with tax co llectors and sinn ers ............................................................................ 5 02 Jesus dies o n the cross .......................................................................................................... 503 Jesu s‘ names and titles .............................................................................................................. 503 Jesus’ resurrect ion ..................................................................................................................... 503 35 Resurrection appearances ..................................................................................................... 503 The em pty to mb .................................................................................................................... 504 Easter testimonies ................................................................................................................. 504 Easter f ait h ............................................................................................................................ 504 Int erpretations of the resurrectio n ...................................................................................... 505 Jes us ’ tem pta ti on ( Mat th ew 4:1 – 11) .......................................................................................... 50 5 Jewish identity .......................................................................................................................... 506 Jihad .......................................................................................................................................... 50 6 John the Baptist ......................................................................................................................... 507 Itin erant p reacher ................................................................................................................. 5 07 Voice in the wilderness ......................................................................................................... 5 07 Bapt ism .................................................................................................................................. 508 Judaism ...................................................................................................................................... 508 Judaism of Jesus’ da y ............................................................................................................. 508 Ethni c branches .................................................................................................................... 509 Religious branches ............................................................................................................... 509 Clerg y .................................................................................................................................... 509 Judas Iscariot ............................................................................................................................. 510 Name ..................................................................................................................................... 510 Cont roversial f igure .............................................................................................................. 510 Thirty pieces of silver ............................................................................................................. 511 Just war t heory ........................................................................................................................... 511 Law of war .............................................................................................................................. 511 Ius ad bellum .......................................................................................................................... 511 Ius in bel lo .............................................................................................................................. 512 Ius ex bello .............................................................................................................................. 512 Ius post bellum ....................................................................................................................... 512 Just ice ......................................................................................................................................... 513 Distributive justice ................................................................................................................. 513 Pro cedural jus tice ................................................................................................................... 513 Retributive justice ................................................................................................................. 514 Restorative justice ................................................................................................................. 514 Reparative justice .................................................................................................................. 514 Intergen erational justice ........................................................................................................ 515 Gender justice ........................................................................................................................ 515 Racial justice ........................................................................................................................... 515 36 Enviro nment al just ice ........................................................................................................... 516 Climate justice ....................................................................................................................... 516 Worki ng for justi ce ................................................................................................................ 517 Kaaba .......................................................................................................................................... 517 Kabbalah .................................................................................................................................... 518 Kaddish ...................................................................................................................................... 518 Kant’ s four quest ions ................................................................................................................ 519 Karma ........................................................................................................................................ 519 Kashkul ...................................................................................................................................... 519 Kashrut (Jewish dieta ry laws) ................................................................................................... 520 Katholikent ag ............................................................................................................................ 520 Kibbut z ....................................................................................................................................... 521 King James Version .................................................................................................................... 521 Revision of prio r tran slations ................................................................................................ 521 Accessibility ........................................................................................................................... 522 Poetic lan guage ..................................................................................................................... 522 Linguistic influence ............................................................................................................... 5 22 Litera ry infl uence .................................................................................................................. 522 Kingd om of God ........................................................................................................................ 522 Nat iona l and ap ocal ypti c concept s ...................................................................................... 522 Jesus pre aches the gosp el of the kingdom of Go d ............................................................... 523 The kingdom of God as a present and f uture reality ........................................................... 523 The kingdom of God as a gift an d a task .............................................................................. 523 Gift be fore c omma nd ment ................................................................................................... 524 Ki ntsu gi ..................................................................................................................................... 524 Kipp ah ....................................................................................................................................... 525 Kirchen tag ................................................................................................................................ . 525 K o an .......................................................................................................................................... 52 6 Kul turk a mpf ( 18 71 – 1887 ) ........................................................................................................... 526 Catho lic church in Imp erial German y .................................................................................. 526 Pul pit L aw .............................................................................................................................. 5 27 School Supervision Law ........................................................................................................ 527 Anti - Jesuit Law ...................................................................................................................... 5 27 May Laws ............................................................................................................................... 527 Civil Registry Law .................................................................................................................. 528 Mitigation and peace laws .................................................................................................... 529 37 Labyrint hs a nd m azes ............................................................................................................... 529 Labyri nth ............................................................................................................................... 529 Maze ...................................................................................................................................... 529 Min ot au r ................................................................................................................................ 529 Creat ing a labyrin th .............................................................................................................. 530 Walking a labyrint h .............................................................................................................. 530 Laity ............................................................................................................................................ 5 31 Lay people, lay movemen ts .................................................................................................... 531 Lay roles i n the church .......................................................................................................... 531 Las t Judge ment ......................................................................................................................... 532 Judge men t Day ...................................................................................................................... 532 The blessed ............................................................................................................................ 5 32 The damned .......................................................................................................................... 532 Lateran Pa cts (1929) .................................................................................................................. 533 La w of a ttra ct io n ....................................................................................................................... 533 Legen ds and hagiographies ...................................................................................................... 533 Fa c t or fi cti on? ...................................................................................................................... 533 Insp irational sto ries .............................................................................................................. 5 34 Talking about a l egend ......................................................................................................... 534 Lenten veil ................................................................................................................................ . 534 Letting go .................................................................................................................................. 535 Liberation theol ogy ................................................................................................................... 535 Life after death .......................................................................................................................... 535 Life choices ................................................................................................................................ 536 Life coaching ............................................................................................................................. 536 Life metaphors .......................................................................................................................... 537 Life stories ................................................................................................................................ . 538 Building stories ..................................................................................................................... 538 Writi ng down or rec ording me morie s ................................................................................. 539 Being selective ....................................................................................................................... 539 Recalling t he past .................................................................................................................. 540 Provid ing unity an d purpose ................................................................................................ 540 Bridging g enerational and cultural gap s .............................................................................. 541 Life’s big questions .................................................................................................................... 541 Basic existential questions .................................................................................................... 541 Dealing with existential q uestions ....................................................................................... 543 38 Light (universal sym bol) ........................................................................................................... 543 Limbo ........................................................................................................................................ 543 Litany ......................................................................................................................................... 544 Living will .................................................................................................................................. 545 Longtermism ............................................................................................................................. 545 Lord’s P rayer ............................................................................................................................. 546 Lot us (Buddhist symbo l) .......................................................................................................... 546 Love according t o Paul (1 Co rinthians 13) ................................................................................ 546 Hym n to love ......................................................................................................................... 546 Paul’s understanding o f love ................................................................................................ . 546 The greatest gift .................................................................................................................... 546 The dos of love: patience ...................................................................................................... 547 The dos of love: hope ............................................................................................................ 547 The dos of love: trust ............................................................................................................ 547 The don’ts of love: boa sting .................................................................................................. 547 The don’ts of love: jea lou sy ................................................................................................... 547 The don’ts of love: giv ing u p ................................................................................................ . 548 The don’t s of lo ve: irritability ............................................................................................... 548 The do n’t s of love: bea r i ng gru dges ..................................................................................... 548 Love (double command ment) .................................................................................................. 548 Lo ve (object s and types) ........................................................................................................... 549 Love of self ............................................................................................................................. 549 Love of and for you r fa mily ................................................................................................... 549 Love between friends (ph ilia) ............................................................................................... 550 Love of a romantic partner (se xus and ero s) ....................................................................... 550 Love of neighbours and strangers (agape) ............................................................................ 551 Love of ene my ........................................................................................................................ 551 Love of nation ........................................................................................................................ 552 Lov e of pe ts ........................................................................................................................... 552 Love of nature ....................................................................................................................... 553 Love of and by Go d ............................................................................................................... 553 Love of material things ......................................................................................................... 553 Luther, Martin (1483 – 1546 ) ....................................................................................................... 553 Luther ro se ................................................................................................................................ 554 Summ ary of Luther’s theolog y ............................................................................................. 554 Black cross i nside a re d heart ............................................................................................... 554 39 Whit e rose in a sky - blue field ............................................................................................... 554 Gold en r ing ............................................................................................................................ 555 Lying .......................................................................................................................................... 555 Types of lies ........................................................................................................................... 555 Ethical views .......................................................................................................................... 556 Magi (Matt hew 2:1 – 12) .............................................................................................................. 556 Magic ......................................................................................................................................... 556 Magical thinking ................................................................................................................... 556 Sorcerers, witches, healers .................................................................................................... 557 Harmful and helpful m ag ic ................................................................................................... 557 Apo tro pai c ma gi c .................................................................................................................. 558 Sympa the tic magic ................................................................................................................ 558 Sp e lls ...................................................................................................................................... 558 Mahdi ........................................................................................................................................ 559 Messiani c figure .................................................................................................................... 559 Sunn i Islam ............................................................................................................................ 559 Shia Islam .............................................................................................................................. 559 Mandala .................................................................................................................................... 56 0 Meditat io n aids .................................................................................................................... 560 Sand m andala s ..................................................................................................................... 560 Manichaei sm ............................................................................................................................ 560 Eclect ic ................................................................................................................................ . 560 Dualistic ................................................................................................................................ . 561 Maqam Ibrahi m ........................................................................................................................ 561 Marriage .................................................................................................................................... 562 Definition .............................................................................................................................. 562 Spo uses .................................................................................................................................. 562 Same - sex m arriage ................................................................................................................ 562 Child m arriage ....................................................................................................................... 562 Arranged m ar riage ................................................................................................................ 562 Forced m arriage .................................................................................................................... 563 Endoga my .............................................................................................................................. 563 Int erfaith m arriage ................................................................................................................ 563 Martyrs ...................................................................................................................................... 563 Mary Magdal ene ....................................................................................................................... 5 64 Apos tle of the apos tle s .......................................................................................................... 564 40 Id enti fic ati on ......................................................................................................................... 564 Portrayal s ............................................................................................................................... 565 Mary (Mot her of Jesus) ............................................................................................................. 565 Tit l es ...................................................................................................................................... 565 Marian apparitions ................................................................................................................ 565 Marian cul t ........................................................................................................................... 566 Mariology ............................................................................................................................. 566 Mary as a role model ............................................................................................................. 567 Mary (Mot her of Jesus) in the visual art s ................................................................................. 567 Scenes .................................................................................................................................... 567 Figures ................................................................................................................................... 567 Virgin of Guadal upe as syncretism ...................................................................................... 569 Marian i mages as nation al symbols .................................................................................... 569 Meaning in life ......................................................................................................................... 569 Sources and f rameworks of mean ing .................................................................................. 569 The quest for meaning ......................................................................................................... 569 Crisis of mean ing .................................................................................................................... 571 Medical ethics ............................................................................................................................ 571 Ethics, e thi c , et ho s ................................................................................................................. 571 Pr in cip le of a uton om y .......................................................................................................... 5 72 Principle of beneficence ........................................................................................................ 572 Princ i ple of no n - malef icence ................................................................................................ 572 Principle of justice ................................................................................................................. 573 Princ i ple of freedom of conscience ...................................................................................... 573 Meditat io n ................................................................................................................................ . 573 Sitting .................................................................................................................................... 573 Walking ................................................................................................................................ . 573 Breat hing ............................................................................................................................... 57 4 Mant ras .................................................................................................................................. 574 Turnin g wit hin ...................................................................................................................... 574 Mind wandering .................................................................................................................... 574 Benefits .................................................................................................................................. 574 Meditative singing .................................................................................................................... 575 Megachur ches ........................................................................................................................... 575 Melan choly ................................................................................................................................ 576 Memen to m ori .......................................................................................................................... 576 47 Commo n trigg ers .................................................................................................................. 653 Peasant s’ War Pano rama (W erner Tübke) .............................................................................. 653 Pent ecost story (Act s 2:1 –36) .................................................................................................... 6 54 Miracle of languages ............................................................................................................. 654 The Descent of the Holy Spi rit (Acts 2:1 –1 3) ........................................................................ 654 Flames, wind, do ve ................................................................................................................ 654 From frightened to fearl ess ................................................................................................... 655 Pentec os t for me ................................................................................................................... 655 Pentecostalism .......................................................................................................................... 655 Peo ple o f th e B ook ................................................................................................................... 656 Perfectionism ........................................................................................................................... 65 6 Personal ity cult ......................................................................................................................... 657 Pharaoh ..................................................................................................................................... 657 Pharisee s .................................................................................................................................... 658 Lay moveme nt ....................................................................................................................... 658 Negative stereotyping ........................................................................................................... 658 Philos ophica l cou nselling ......................................................................................................... 658 Philo sophy of histo ry ............................................................................................................... 659 Pietà .......................................................................................................................................... 659 Mary holdin g her de ad son .................................................................................................. 659 Modern piet às ...................................................................................................................... 660 Pilgri mage ................................................................................................................................ 660 The p ilgri mage mo tif ........................................................................................................... 660 Pil grim ways .......................................................................................................................... 661 Pilgrimage lea ders ................................................................................................................ 662 Bike pilgrimages ................................................................................................................... 662 Horse back pilgr image s ........................................................................................................ 662 Reading and walking pilg rimag es ........................................................................................ 662 Religious to urism .................................................................................................................. 663 Pil grims (Plymout h Colony) .................................................................................................... 664 Sepa ra tis ts ............................................................................................................................ 664 Worship ................................................................................................................................ 664 Platinum Rule .......................................................................................................................... 664 Po etic just ice ............................................................................................................................ 665 Poetry as fo od for the soul ....................................................................................................... 665 Reading p oems like prayers ................................................................................................ . 665 48 Poems as languag e of t he heart ........................................................................................... 666 Po ems as companions .......................................................................................................... 666 Pogro ms ................................................................................................................................... 667 Pogro ms, mas s murder , genocide ....................................................................................... 667 Pogro m Nigh t 1938 ............................................................................................................... 667 Pokrov /Pok rov a ....................................................................................................................... 667 Pola ri ty o f li fe ........................................................................................................................... 668 Pol ytheism ................................................................................................................................ 668 Pop e .......................................................................................................................................... 669 Papacy ................................................................................................................................... 669 Offices and titles .................................................................................................................. 669 Papal infallibility .................................................................................................................. 669 Peace broker ......................................................................................................................... 670 Election ................................................................................................................................ . 670 Papal garments an d insignia ................................................................................................ . 67 1 Inaug urat ion .......................................................................................................................... 672 Populism and religion ............................................................................................................... 672 P o st - Christian societies ............................................................................................................ 673 Po sth u m an is m .......................................................................................................................... 673 Postsecul arism ......................................................................................................................... 674 Power places ............................................................................................................................. 674 Praise a nd worship m usic ......................................................................................................... 675 Prana .......................................................................................................................................... 675 Praycat ion ................................................................................................................................ . 675 Prayer ....................................................................................................................................... 676 Praying a lone and wit h others ............................................................................................. 676 Mealt ime prayers .................................................................................................................. 6 77 Silent prayer, spont aneous prayer, scripted p rayer ............................................................. 677 Form s of addre ss .................................................................................................................. 678 Repetitive prayer .................................................................................................................. 678 Refuge ................................................................................................................................... 678 Peni te nce .............................................................................................................................. 679 Requests ................................................................................................................................ 679 Praise .................................................................................................................................... 6 80 Submission ........................................................................................................................... 680 Body language ...................................................................................................................... 6 80 49 Senso ry prayer ...................................................................................................................... 682 Prayer rug s ............................................................................................................................... 682 Preg nanc y .................................................................................................................................. 6 83 Becomi ng preg na nt ............................................................................................................... 683 Ges tati onal a ge ...................................................................................................................... 6 83 Mothe rs - to - be ....................................................................................................................... 683 Preg nanc y c ou nsell ing ......................................................................................................... 684 Co nt in uing the pregnancy ................................................................................................... 684 Prenatal medicine ..................................................................................................................... 685 Fetal abnormalities ............................................................................................................... 6 85 Pren atal screen ing ................................................................................................................. 685 Preimplantation diagnosi s (PGD, PIGD) ............................................................................ 686 Fund ing ................................................................................................................................ 6 86 Prim eval history ....................................................................................................................... 686 Punishment, protection, promise ........................................................................................ 686 The Fall (Genesis 3: 1 – 24) ...................................................................................................... 68 7 Cain and Abel (Genesis 4 :1 – 16) ............................................................................................ 687 The Flo od (Genesis 6 – 9) ...................................................................................................... 688 The Tower of Babel (G enesis 11:1 – 9) .................................................................................... 6 88 Princ e - bishops ......................................................................................................................... 6 89 Princ i pal C o nclusion of the Extraordinary Imperial Delegatio n (1803) ................................ 6 89 Prog ress .................................................................................................................................... 690 Project ion t heory ..................................................................................................................... 6 90 God as a project ion .............................................................................................................. 690 Ca n va se s of t h e im a g in at ion ................................................................................................ 6 90 Proo fs of God’ s ex is tenc e .......................................................................................................... 691 Prophet ic min istry of t he church ............................................................................................ 692 Prophet s .................................................................................................................................... 693 Cou rt pr oph ets ...................................................................................................................... 693 Fre e pr oph ets ........................................................................................................................ 693 Visions ................................................................................................................................... 693 God ’s messenge rs .................................................................................................................. 693 Pro phe ts of d oo m, pr oph ets o f ho pe ................................................................................... 694 Prophet ic gestures ................................................................................................................ 694 True p rop hets, fa lse prophet s .............................................................................................. 694 Prosperi ty go spel ...................................................................................................................... 695 50 Healt h and wealth p reachers ............................................................................................... 695 The audience ........................................................................................................................ 695 Criticism ............................................................................................................................... 695 Psalm s ....................................................................................................................................... 696 Book of psa lms ..................................................................................................................... 696 Psalm s of pr aise .................................................................................................................... 696 Psalms of lamen t .................................................................................................................. 696 Psalm s of thanksgi ving ........................................................................................................ 6 97 Psalm s of trust ...................................................................................................................... 6 97 Psalm s of confession ............................................................................................................ 697 Hebrew poetic devices ......................................................................................................... 697 Modern psalm s ..................................................................................................................... 6 98 Pub lic sta teme nts ..................................................................................................................... 698 Pulpi t a nno unce ments ......................................................................................................... 698 Se rm ons ................................................................................................................................ 6 98 Church maga zines ................................................................................................................ 6 99 Media releases, po sition p apers, memoranda ..................................................................... 699 Purgato ry .................................................................................................................................. 699 Purim ........................................................................................................................................ 700 Pur ita ns ..................................................................................................................................... 7 01 Purit ans and the Church o f England .................................................................................... 701 Predestination ....................................................................................................................... 701 Purit an value s ........................................................................................................................ 701 Cit y upon a hill ...................................................................................................................... 703 Purit y and impurity .................................................................................................................. 703 Clea n a nd unc lea n ................................................................................................................. 703 Ritu al c o nta mi nati on ............................................................................................................ 703 Ritual purif ication ................................................................................................................. 704 Purit y cult ure ............................................................................................................................ 704 Qi ............................................................................................................................................... 705 Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) ................................................................................... 706 Name .................................................................................................................................... 706 The inward l ight ................................................................................................................... 706 Worship ................................................................................................................................ 706 Decision - making ................................................................................................................... 7 07 Social responsibility/testimonies ......................................................................................... 707 51 Quaker aid in Germany ....................................................................................................... 708 Quran ( Koran) ......................................................................................................................... 708 Rama ......................................................................................................................................... 709 Incarn ation of V ishnu .......................................................................................................... 709 Role model ............................................................................................................................ 709 Ramadan .................................................................................................................................. 709 Rap ture ...................................................................................................................................... 710 Meeting Christ ....................................................................................................................... 7 10 Timing ................................................................................................................................... 710 Rastaf arians ............................................................................................................................... 7 10 Rationalism ................................................................................................................................ 711 Reconciliation ............................................................................................................................ 711 Healing broken relati onships ................................................................................................ 711 Truth and Reconciliation Commissio n ................................................................................. 7 12 Refor mati on ............................................................................................................................... 7 12 Time of great changes ............................................................................................................ 7 12 Fore runners ............................................................................................................................ 713 Reformers ............................................................................................................................... 713 Five solas ................................................................................................................................ 713 Sola scriptura ......................................................................................................................... 714 Solus C hrist us ........................................................................................................................ 714 Sola fide, sola gratia .............................................................................................................. 714 95 the ses (1517) ....................................................................................................................... 715 Priesthood of all believer s ...................................................................................................... 715 Diet of Worms (1521) .............................................................................................................. 715 Invocavit sermon s (1522) ....................................................................................................... 716 Marburg Co lloquy (1 529) ...................................................................................................... 716 Luther’s hym ns ....................................................................................................................... 7 17 Luther’s publi cati ons ............................................................................................................. 7 17 The Prot estant parsonag e in German cult ural history ......................................................... 7 17 Reformat ion Altar (Lucas Cranach) ......................................................................................... 718 Cranach wo rkshop ................................................................................................................ 718 Left - h an d pa ne l (I nfa nt b apti s m) ......................................................................................... 718 Central panel (Last Supper) .................................................................................................. 718 Right - h an d p an e l ( Co nf e ssi o n ) ............................................................................................ 718 Predel la (Luther’s se rmon) ................................................................................................... 719 52 Reverse of the altarpiece ....................................................................................................... 719 Reiki ........................................................................................................................................... 7 20 Alternative or esoteric healing ............................................................................................. 7 20 Energy he aling ....................................................................................................................... 7 20 Reincarnation ............................................................................................................................. 721 Relics .......................................................................................................................................... 7 21 Religion ..................................................................................................................................... 7 22 Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 7 22 Branches, school s , de nomi na tions ....................................................................................... 7 22 Func tio ns ............................................................................................................................... 723 Amb ivale nce .......................................................................................................................... 7 24 Religion and science ................................................................................................................. 7 26 The re lationship between religion and scie nce ................................................................... 7 26 Different worldviews ............................................................................................................. 726 Relig ious approaches t o the world ....................................................................................... 7 26 Scien t ific app roache s t o the wor ld ....................................................................................... 727 Spirit ual sensi bility through scient ific knowle dge .............................................................. 727 Religion and state ..................................................................................................................... 727 Religion and politics ............................................................................................................. 7 27 Mark 12 :17 .............................................................................................................................. 728 Roma ns 13 :1 –7 ........................................................................................................................ 729 Alliance of th rone and altar .................................................................................................. 729 Confessional states ................................................................................................................ 729 Majorit ariani sm ..................................................................................................................... 729 Sepa ra tio n o f re ligi o n an d sta te ............................................................................................ 730 Church - sta te se para tion and c oo per ati on ........................................................................... 730 Religion in the German B asic Law ......................................................................................... 7 31 Religious privileg es ............................................................................................................... 732 Religion as opium of/for th e people ........................................................................................ 732 Religion in the mass media ...................................................................................................... 733 Religion in the social media ..................................................................................................... 734 Inf luencers ............................................................................................................................. 734 Personal branding ................................................................................................................. 7 35 Influ e ncer - follower interac tion ............................................................................................ 7 35 Pos tings ................................................................................................................................ . 736 Marketi ng .............................................................................................................................. 736 53 Religious affiliation and membershi p ...................................................................................... 736 Religious affiliation ............................................................................................................... 7 36 Religious mem bershi p .......................................................................................................... 7 37 Religious architecture ............................................................................................................... 738 Reli gious c han ge ....................................................................................................................... 738 Religious conflict and violence ................................................................................................ . 739 Religion as a conflict driv er .................................................................................................. 739 Religious divisions ................................................................................................................. 739 Cont roversies ......................................................................................................................... 7 40 Riots, clashes, hostilities ....................................................................................................... 740 Vandal ism .............................................................................................................................. 7 40 Arson, bombs, firework att acks ............................................................................................ 741 Sexua l vio lence ...................................................................................................................... 741 Abduct io ns ............................................................................................................................ 7 42 Beheadings ............................................................................................................................ 7 42 Protest ers, rioters, t errorists ................................................................................................ . 742 Religious discrimination and p ersecutio n ............................................................................... 742 Discrimination ...................................................................................................................... 742 Persecution ............................................................................................................................ 7 42 Religious diversity and plu ralism ............................................................................................. 743 Internal religious diversity .................................................................................................... 743 Multireligious societies ......................................................................................................... 7 44 Religious market ................................................................................................................... 744 Religious education .................................................................................................................. 744 Religious or non - religi ous upbring ing ................................................................................. 744 Religious education in ch urches .......................................................................................... 745 Religious education in sc hools ............................................................................................. 745 Denominational religious education ................................................................................... 746 Cooperative religious educ ation .......................................................................................... 746 Non - denomina tional religious education ........................................................................... 746 Explo ring church buildings .................................................................................................. 7 47 Collective wor ship in schoo ls ............................................................................................... 7 47 Retre ats at schools ................................................................................................................ 7 47 Religiou s experience ................................................................................................................. 747 Sense of transcendence ......................................................................................................... 7 47 Sens e o f sa fe ty a nd pr otec tion .............................................................................................. 748 54 Sense of ultimate concer n ..................................................................................................... 748 Religious fo llowers .................................................................................................................... 748 Follow er s, adhere nts, devotees ............................................................................................. 748 Pract ising, pious, ardent ...................................................................................................... 749 Liberal, sceptical, doubting .................................................................................................. 7 50 Fanatic, militant, extremist .................................................................................................. 7 50 Religious freedom ...................................................................................................................... 7 51 Positive and negative religious freed om ............................................................................... 751 Respecting and violating religious freedo m .......................................................................... 751 Religious hatred ........................................................................................................................ 7 52 Hate crimes and incident s .................................................................................................... 7 52 Sti rring up hate ..................................................................................................................... 7 52 Making hat e speeches ........................................................................................................... 753 Posting hat e messages .......................................................................................................... 753 Chant ing slogans and songs ................................................................................................ . 753 Att acking the Quran (Koran) ............................................................................................... 753 Offending religious feelings .................................................................................................. 7 54 Religious images ....................................................................................................................... 7 54 Func tio ns ............................................................................................................................... 754 Idol wo rship .......................................................................................................................... 754 Icon ocl asm ............................................................................................................................ 755 Narrat ive relig ious art ........................................................................................................... 755 Devo tional ima ges ................................................................................................................. 7 56 Religious graffit i .................................................................................................................... 756 Underst anding reli gious iconograp hy .................................................................................. 757 Religious and aesthetic a pp eal ............................................................................................. 7 57 Religious jokes .......................................................................................................................... 7 57 Religious la ngua ge .................................................................................................................... 758 Religious literacy ....................................................................................................................... 7 59 Religious nat uralism ................................................................................................................. 759 Religious refugees .................................................................................................................... 7 60 Religious satire ......................................................................................................................... 760 Religious tru th .......................................................................................................................... 761 Religious exclusivism ............................................................................................................ 761 Religious inclusivism ............................................................................................................ 761 Religious pl uralis m ............................................................................................................... 7 62 55 Remembering ............................................................................................................................ 762 Repentance ................................................................................................................................ 763 Repo rting verbs (bel iefs and opinions) ................................................................................... 764 Rerum Novarum (1891) ............................................................................................................ 764 Resilience .................................................................................................................................. 7 65 Emo tio na l str eng th ............................................................................................................... 765 Cop ing with adversit y ........................................................................................................... 765 F ou n dat io n s in l if e ................................................................................................................ 765 Sources of strengt h .............................................................................................................. 766 Finding n ew strength ........................................................................................................... 766 Build i ng resilience ................................................................................................................ 766 Resistance .................................................................................................................................. 7 67 Resisting ................................................................................................................................ 7 67 20th Jul y plot ......................................................................................................................... 7 67 Tyran ni cide .......................................................................................................................... 768 Responsible sexu al it y ............................................................................................................... 768 Ambivalent gift ..................................................................................................................... 768 Con sent, respe ct, eq ual ity .................................................................................................... 768 Loyalt y .................................................................................................................................. 769 Respon sible t ourism ................................................................................................................ 7 69 Socially , cultural ly, ecological ly respon sible ....................................................................... 769 Limit s on mass tourism ........................................................................................................ 7 70 Local communities ................................................................................................................ 770 Eco - f riendl y forms of transport ............................................................................................ 7 70 Ou tdo or eti quet te .................................................................................................................. 771 Retreats ...................................................................................................................................... 7 71 Temporary escap ism .............................................................................................................. 771 Recharging the batteries ........................................................................................................ 771 Re tre at ce ntres ....................................................................................................................... 7 71 Revelation claims ...................................................................................................................... 772 Reverence for l ife ...................................................................................................................... 7 73 Revival movement .................................................................................................................... 7 74 Righte ous among the Na ti ons .................................................................................................. 7 74 Rite s of p assage ......................................................................................................................... 775 Transit ions ............................................................................................................................. 775 Baby nam ing .......................................................................................................................... 775 56 Circumcision ......................................................................................................................... 775 First C ommu nion .................................................................................................................. 776 Confir mati on ......................................................................................................................... 776 First day of school ................................................................................................................. 776 Comi ng o f age ....................................................................................................................... 776 Wedding ................................................................................................................................ 7 77 Separation an d divorce ......................................................................................................... 778 Ritual designers ..................................................................................................................... 779 Celebrant s .............................................................................................................................. 779 Ritual slaughter ......................................................................................................................... 779 Road novels and movies ........................................................................................................... 779 Role reversal and pers pect ive taking ...................................................................................... 780 Romanticism ............................................................................................................................. 7 82 Romanticising the world ....................................................................................................... 7 82 Long ing .................................................................................................................................. 7 82 Dark Romanticism ................................................................................................................ 782 Rose (sym bol) ............................................................................................................................ 783 Rosh Hashan ah ......................................................................................................................... 7 83 Takin g sto ck .......................................................................................................................... 783 Soun ding t he shofar .............................................................................................................. 78 4 Wishin g a good, sweet year .................................................................................................. 784 Ruach ......................................................................................................................................... 7 84 Sac k of C ons ta ntino ple (1 204 ) .................................................................................................. 785 Sacraments ................................................................................................................................ 785 Signs ....................................................................................................................................... 7 85 Cat holic chur ch ..................................................................................................................... 785 Protest ant church ................................................................................................................. 786 Sacre d ....................................................................................................................................... 786 The num inous ...................................................................................................................... 786 Sacred space .......................................................................................................................... 787 Sacred tim e ............................................................................................................................ 787 Sacred reading (lectio divina) ................................................................................................ . 788 Sadducees ................................................................................................................................ . 788 Sai nts ........................................................................................................................................ 789 Characte ristics ...................................................................................................................... 7 89 Path to sai nthood ................................................................................................................. 789 63 Time .......................................................................................................................................... 868 Views of t ime ........................................................................................................................ 868 Kairo s .................................................................................................................................... 86 9 Passag e of tim e (metaphors) ............................................................................................... 869 Tole ran ce .................................................................................................................................. 870 Different beliefs .................................................................................................................... 870 Accepting ot her ness ............................................................................................................. 870 Torah ......................................................................................................................................... 871 Writte n Torah ....................................................................................................................... 871 Oral Torah ............................................................................................................................. 871 Torah po inter ............................................................................................................................ 872 Tori i ........................................................................................................................................... 872 Tragic triad (V iktor E. Frankl) .................................................................................................. 87 2 Transcendental ism ................................................................................................................... 87 3 Transhuman ism ........................................................................................................................ 87 4 Tran sien ce ................................................................................................................................ . 87 5 Impermanence of things ....................................................................................................... 875 Fleetingness of human life .................................................................................................... 875 Sojourn ers on earth ............................................................................................................... 875 Fut ility of human ende avour ................................................................................................ 875 Comi ng to terms with trans ience ........................................................................................ 876 Tr ans lati ons , ad ap ta tio ns , rei nte rpre tatio ns .......................................................................... 876 Translat ions and f ree renderings ......................................................................................... 876 Reworkings ............................................................................................................................ 87 7 Tw ists on fami lia r te xts ........................................................................................................ 878 Tr ansrel igio sity ........................................................................................................................ 878 Triag e ........................................................................................................................................ 878 Tribulat ions .............................................................................................................................. 87 9 Trip tych .................................................................................................................................... 879 Tu quoq ue argum ent ............................................................................................................... 880 Twelve A rt ic le s ( 152 5) .............................................................................................................. 880 Twelve Nights ........................................................................................................................... 881 Outsid e ordinary t ime .......................................................................................................... 881 Period of peril ....................................................................................................................... 882 Wild Hu nt ............................................................................................................................ 882 Rituals ................................................................................................................................... 882 64 Two k ingd oms d octrin e ............................................................................................................ 883 God 's two ways of rul in g ....................................................................................................... 883 Spiritual kingdom ................................................................................................................. 883 Temporal kingdom ............................................................................................................... 883 Tzitzit ........................................................................................................................................ 883 Ubunt u ..................................................................................................................................... 884 Ultramont anism ....................................................................................................................... 884 Ummah ...................................................................................................................................... 885 Underwo rld ............................................................................................................................... 885 Unitarian Universalism ............................................................................................................ 886 Universal salvation ................................................................................................................... 887 Uto pia n thou gh t ...................................................................................................................... 887 Euto pias ................................................................................................................................ 887 Anti - uto pia s .......................................................................................................................... 888 Setting of utopian novels ..................................................................................................... 888 Hist orical and so cial backgroun d ........................................................................................ 888 Pur pos e o f uto pia n fic tio n ................................................................................................... 889 Value s ....................................................................................................................................... 889 Good, desirable, wo rthwhile ................................................................................................ 889 Int rinsic value ....................................................................................................................... 889 Extr ins ic value ...................................................................................................................... 889 Value syst em s ....................................................................................................................... 889 Core values ........................................................................................................................... 890 Value orientation ................................................................................................................. 890 Value conflicts ...................................................................................................................... 890 Value chang e ......................................................................................................................... 891 Vanitas in art and lit erature ..................................................................................................... 891 Varanasi .................................................................................................................................... 892 Na m e an d lo c at i on ............................................................................................................... 892 Hinduism .............................................................................................................................. 892 Buddhism ............................................................................................................................. 892 Veganism .................................................................................................................................. 892 Vegetarianism ........................................................................................................................... 893 Type s ...................................................................................................................................... 893 Reasons .................................................................................................................................. 893 Verger ....................................................................................................................................... 894 65 Vesp er church .......................................................................................................................... 89 4 Via Dol oros a ............................................................................................................................. 895 Viridit as (St. Hildegard of Bi nge n) .......................................................................................... 895 Visible mending ....................................................................................................................... 896 Vita activa and vit a passiva ...................................................................................................... 896 Vit a acti va ............................................................................................................................. 896 Vit a passiva ........................................................................................................................... 897 Finding a balance ................................................................................................................. 897 Vitalism .................................................................................................................................... 898 Vol untary po verty .................................................................................................................... 898 Volunteering ............................................................................................................................ 899 Wabi - sabi ( Wabi Sabi) ............................................................................................................. 900 Aesthetic and spiritual concept ........................................................................................... 900 Wabi - sabi art ........................................................................................................................ 900 Wabi - sabi sp iritualit y .......................................................................................................... 900 Waldensians .............................................................................................................................. 90 1 Wat ............................................................................................................................................ 901 Religious and social cen tre ................................................................................................... 90 1 Ordinat ion hall ..................................................................................................................... 902 Assembl y hall ........................................................................................................................ 90 3 Chedi ...................................................................................................................................... 903 Library ................................................................................................................................... 903 Bell or d rum tower ................................................................................................................ 90 3 Temple etiquette ................................................................................................................... 90 3 Wayside cro sses and shrin es ................................................................................................... 904 Western civilisation ................................................................................................................. 904 Whatab o ut i s m ......................................................................................................................... 905 Wheel ( Buddhist symbo l) ........................................................................................................ 905 Whit e Crucifixion (Ma rc Chagall ) ........................................................................................... 905 Jesus as a Je wish mart yr ....................................................................................................... 905 Ladder ................................................................................................................................... 906 Jewish col our symbolism (white) ........................................................................................ 90 6 Flag s, armbands, sign s ......................................................................................................... 906 Armed p easants .................................................................................................................... 907 Pillage d villag e ..................................................................................................................... 907 Refugees ................................................................................................................................ 907 66 Light ...................................................................................................................................... 90 8 Wholene ss ................................................................................................................................ 909 Personal wholeness .............................................................................................................. 90 9 Social wholeness .................................................................................................................. 909 Remaining a fragment ......................................................................................................... 909 Wicca ......................................................................................................................................... 910 Wilderness times ...................................................................................................................... 910 Wisdom literat ure ..................................................................................................................... 910 Wit ch camp s .............................................................................................................................. 911 Places of refuge ...................................................................................................................... 91 1 Neo - pagan camps ................................................................................................................... 911 Wit chcraft .................................................................................................................................. 911 Belief in witches ..................................................................................................................... 91 1 Devils‘ pa ct ............................................................................................................................. 911 Witches .................................................................................................................................. 912 Wit ches’ gathering ................................................................................................................ 91 2 Familiars ................................................................................................................................ 91 2 Witch depictions ................................................................................................................... 913 Malleus Ma l eficarum ............................................................................................................ 91 3 Wit ch hunts ........................................................................................................................... 913 Women and religion ................................................................................................................. 914 F em al e s t at us ......................................................................................................................... 914 Female spirituality ................................................................................................................ 914 Female ethics ......................................................................................................................... 915 Feminisation of religion ........................................................................................................ 91 5 Women ’s rights ......................................................................................................................... 915 Won de r ..................................................................................................................................... 916 Wo nder ing, mar vel li ng, b ei ng in a we .................................................................................. 916 Expressin g a sense of won der ............................................................................................... 917 Word play ................................................................................................................................... 917 Works of m ercy ......................................................................................................................... 91 8 The seve n co rpora l works of mercy ...................................................................................... 918 The seven sp irit ual works of mercy ...................................................................................... 918 World Youth Day ...................................................................................................................... 91 8 Worldview education ............................................................................................................... 919 Worldviews and l ife orientations ............................................................................................. 919 67 Ter mi nol og y .......................................................................................................................... 919 Key elements ........................................................................................................................ 920 Func tio ns .............................................................................................................................. 92 0 Yazidis (Ezidis) ......................................................................................................................... 920 Name .................................................................................................................................... 92 0 Origin .................................................................................................................................... 921 Beliefs .................................................................................................................................... 921 Yazidi New Year .................................................................................................................... 921 Yin and Yan g ............................................................................................................................. 92 1 Yog a ........................................................................................................................................... 922 Religion, sport, lifes tyle ........................................................................................................ 92 2 Exercises ................................................................................................................................ 92 2 Benefi ts and risks .................................................................................................................. 923 YOLO ......................................................................................................................................... 923 Y om Kip p ur .............................................................................................................................. 924 Zealots (Second Temple J udaism) ........................................................................................... 924 Ziggurat ..................................................................................................................................... 925 Zionism ...................................................................................................................................... 92 5 Jewish Zionism ...................................................................................................................... 925 Christi an Zionism ................................................................................................................. 926 Zodiac ....................................................................................................................................... 926 Zoroast rianism ......................................................................................................................... 926 Names ................................................................................................................................... 92 6 Beliefs and ethos ................................................................................................................... 927 68 Zur Nutzung des Glo ssars Zielg ruppe Das G lossar beruht auf einer Auswert ung englischer und deutscher Pri nt - und I nterne tqu elle n und enthält alltag s - und fachsprachliche Kollokationen, Synonyme, Antonyme und Redemit tel zu schul rele vant en Ausschn itten aus den Themenfeldern „Relig ions, World views, Ethics“ . Zi el - gruppe si nd Lehrkräf te, die englischsprachige n Religions - oder Ethikunterric ht erteil en , sowie L ehrkräft e , die religiöse, weltanschauliche u nd et hisc he Themen im Englischun terricht 1 behan - deln . E inzelne Themen sin d auch f ür andere bili nguale Sachf ächer relevant , insbeso ndere für Geschichte, Politik und Erdku nde. 2 Lehrkräft e könn en das Gl ossar bei der Vo rbereitung auf Un terri chtsgespräche, f ür Tafel an - schriebe, A rbeitsbl ätter, Lernhilf ekärtchen, Roll enkarten, Lückentexte, Wi ederholungsübunge n o.Ä . nu tzen u nd dabei das Word - Dokument im Hinblick auf die jeweili ge Unt errichtssituatio n kürz en , erweiter n , illustrier en o der anderweiti g ändern. Der Lerngruppe kann es in schü lerge - rechter Auswahl zum Nachschlagen oder Nacharbei ten zur Ve rfügung gestellt werden. Fortge - schritt ene Schüler*i nnen können es un bearbeitet und ungekür zt f ür H ausaufgaben, P räsenta - tionen, Facharbeiten oder außerunterrichtliche Begegnungen (z.B. im Rahmen des Erasmus+ Pro gramms oder des German Ame rican P artnership Program ) benutzen. Im Zweifel gilt: „ Ke ep it simp le . Less is more“. In vielen Situatione n ist die einfachere , allg emei nsprachliche Formulie - rung k ommu ni kativ angemessener als die bildun gs - ode r fachspra chliche. In jedem F all ist z u bedenken, dass die Vorgab e sprachlicher Hilfen eine inhaltliche Steuerun g bedeutet. Spra chliche Hi lfen Im Hinbl ick auf unte rschiedliche sprachliche V oraussetzun gen der Lerngrupp en u n d un t e r - schiedliche Kommunikat ionssituationen wird Sprachmaterial auf all t ag s - , bildu ngs - und fach - sprachlichem Niveau angebo ten. Die einfachere Formulierung steh t in der Regel vor der an - spruchsvoll eren. Abstrakten nomi nalen Begriffen wie „distributive / procedur al / int ergener - ati onal justice“ , „re spectful p res ence“ od er „quest fo r me aning “ ) werden Ver ben zugeordnet (  Justice,  Interfaith cel ebration an d worship ,  M eaning in life ) . Kollokationen erleichter n die Verwen dung in S atzzusa mm enhängen. F ür Debatten, interreligiöse und in terwel tanschauliche Vergleiche und Begegnungen sowie das Schreiben von Facharbeiten in Seminarfach - bzw. W - Seminarkurse n werden Redemittel bereitgestellt (  Deba ting,  Com pari ng a nd Co ntra s ting ,  I nterfaith dialogue,  Abstra cts,  Defini tions) . 3 Lernschwierigkeiten bei ausgewähl ten unregelmäßigen Verben, Präpositio nen o der anderen int erferenzbedingt en Fehlerque llen sin d durch Fett druck hervorgeho ben. Z eitgebundene r , diskriminierende r Sprachgebrauch (z.B. „Judensau“ - Sk ulptu r , „ papis tisch “) wird durch dista n - zierende Anführungszeichen marki ert . Erläuterungen o der optionale Element e sind durch Klammern gekennzeichn et. Die durchg ängige Z weisprachigkeit des Glossars fördert die Sprachfähigk eit in beiden Sprachen . Unterschiedliche Überset zungsmöglichkeiten erweitern den Wo rtschatz und schärf en das Be - wusstse in f ür Bedeu tu ngs fac ette n. Einzelwörter kann man sich mit h ilfe eines Intern etwör ter - buches vorsprechen lassen . 1 Vgl. J. - P. Gr ee n ( 20 22 ). Re l igi ös e und e this che T heme n i n Mate ri alie n für den E nglis ch unte rr icht . In ders ., M. L. Pi rne r & J. B ü ngener (H rs g.) Reli gi onsu n ter rich t bili ngu al . Dida kti sche Pers pe ktive n u nd Anre gun ge n für die Praxis (S. 1 77 – 200). Erlangen: FAU University P ress. 2 Vgl. J . Bü nge ner & D. Ha u pt ( 20 22 ) . Die bili ngua le n S ach fäche r Erd ku nde und Ge schi chte. Mö gli che Sy ner gie n für de n bili ng ua le n Relig ions u nte rri cht (G ree n, Pi rne r & B ünge ne r, 2o 2 2 , S. 2 39 –2 48 ). 3 Vgl. J. - P . Gre e n ( 202 2 ). „ Clash or Dialogue of Religions?” Kurs pla nu ng i m b ili ngua le n Se mi narf ach (Gr een, Pi rne r & B ünge ne r, 2o2 2 , S. 2 29–23 8). 69 Inhaltl iche Vernet zung Das V o kabular wird vernetzt – nach The men un d Unt erthem en gegliedert – dargebo ten . D ab ei wir d unterschiedlichen religiös - wel ta nsc ha ulic he n Posi tio nen R ec hnu ng g etra ge n. Querverweise wie „Happ iness“  S hal om oder „ Fetal abnormalities “  Abo rt i on ,  Preg na ncy : Con tinu in g the Pr eg na ncy v erdeutlichen inha ltliche Ve rbindungen . Für Begriffe wie „Völkerwal lfahrt nach Jerusalem“ (  M essiah) oder „leidender Gottesknecht“ (  Church Year: Good Friday) wird auf die entsprechenden Bibelstellen 4 verwiesen. G elegen tliche Verweise auf eng lischspra chige Literatur, z.B. Rob ert He rric ks „T o the Vir gins to mak e much of time“ (  Carpe diem) , und Werke der bildenden Kunst , z.B. → Creation of Adam (Mi chelang elo ) , ermöglichen fächerübergreifende Bezüge . Suc hfunktion Das Gl ossar ist m it h ilfe der Suchfunk tion lei cht zu erschließen . Die gesuchten Einzelwörter und Wort verbindungen ersch einen in ihren jeweiligen thema tischen Kontexten. Zu beacht en ist, dass bei W ö rt e r n, die i n unterschiedlichen Zelle n der Tabellen aufgeführt sind (z.B. „spiritua l journ ey“ in „Faith journ eys“), zwar unt er „sp iritual“ und „journe y “ , n icht aber unter der Wort - verbin d ung „spiritual jou rney“ erscheinen. Work in prog ress Das Glossar ist ein wo rk i n p rog ress , das n ach und n ach erg änzt wird . H inweise und A nregung en für künft ige Überarbeit ungen sin d unter de r E - Mai l -A dresse r p e van g - sekretariat@fau. de wi ll - kom men. Die jeweils aktuelle Version findet sich unter Zenodo : ht tps ://d oi.o rg/ 10 .528 1/ze nod o . 572 67 33 . 4 Vgl. J . - P. Green ( 2022 ) . Bi belübe rse tz unge n im bi li ngu ale n Re ligi ons unte rri ch t un d En gli sch un terr icht . (Green, Pir ner & Bü nge ner , 2022, S. 201 – 20 7 ) . 70 Aboriginal spirituality Dre amtime Dreamtime ( rejected by Aboriginal people, esp. if used to refer to the peri od of creation) die Traumzeit Dreaming Dreamings Tjukurpa ( Anangu world vie w ) Tjukurpa ( d ie Weltauff assung der austr alischen Ureinw ohner ) Creat or beings creation time die Schöpfungszeit period creato r being das Schöpferwe sen Schöpfungswe sen urzeitliche Wesen creato r figure die Schöpferfigur ancest ral being das Ahnen wesen spirit der Ahnengeist (to) travel ( BrE: trave ll ed, trave ll i ng; AmE: trave l ed, trave l in g) the la nd durch das Land rei sen (to ) shape das Land forme n ges tal te n (to) leave on e’s m ark on seine Spuren im Land hin terlassen → Ancest ral spirit s Tjukur pa laws (to) date back to creation t ime bis in die Schöpf ung szeit zurückreichen t he be g inn in g of t ime Anfänge der Zeit (to) pass on laws throug h ceremonies Gesetze durch Zeremonien weitergeben songs Lieder stori es written in rock Geschicht en rock art Felsbi lder rock painting s Felsmalereien dot pa in ting s Dot - Pai nti ng P un kt m al e r ei → Sacred Abortion Conflic t of rights reproductive au t ono my die reproduktive Selbstbestimmung right to contr ol one ’s own body das Recht, über den eigen en Körper zu bestimmen make decision s about right to a safe abort ion das Recht auf eine sichere Abtreibung ↕ 71 right to life das Recht auf Leben be born das Recht, geboren zu wer den → Ado pt ion → Embryo right s → Ethica l issues an d dilemma s → E t hical judgem ents → Preg nanc y → Prenatal m edicine → Women’s rights A bit of t issue or un born life? a bit of t issue* ein bisschen Zellg ewebe* little glob* of tissue ein kleiner Gewebehaufen* tiny blob* winziger Gewebeklumpen* lum p* cells Zellhaufen* spe ck * Zellklu mpen* clum p* bunch* (to ) use the term “p regnancy ti ssue ”* den Begriff „ Schwang erschaftsgewebe “* verwenden (to) see (h um an ) embryos as (po te ntia l/ emergi ng) hum a n l if e* (m en s ch - liche) Embryo - nen a ls (potenzielles/ po tenti e lles werdendes) men schliches Leben* sehen (to) view betracht en (to ) regard verstehen (to) consider human life wi th po tenti al * men schliches Leben mit Ent - wickl ung spo - tenzial/Ent - wicklun gs - po tenti al * unborn (human) life* unge borenes (menschliches) Leben* living beings* Lebewesen* human be ings* Menschen * persons* Personen* (to) a ttrib ute personho od to the embryo/ foe tus (B rE, non - technical) / fetu s (Br E/AmE) dem Embryo / Fötus/ Fetus Personsei n zuschreiben (to ) ascribe Personal ität (to) deny humanness Menschsein absprechen hum a n it y right s Rechte child - to - be* das werdende Kind* child in the womb* Kind im Mutterleib* unborn baby* unge borene Baby* po tenti al potenzielle po tenti e lle * Note how the d ifferent terms, with th eir different → conn ota tions, refl ect di ffe rent a ttit udes to a bor tion . → Embryo right s → Pr egna ncy Ending the pregna ncy (to) wan t an abortion abtreibe n wolle n (to) seek ( soug ht , soug ht ) eine Abtreibung 72 (to) reque st eine n Schwan gerschaftsabbruch wün - schen (to) get abtreibe n (können) (to) obtain (to) have abtreibe n (to) underg o eine Abtreibung vornehmen lassen eine Schwangerschaf t abbrechen (to ) deny sb. jmdm. eine Abtreibung/einen Sch wanger - schaft sabbruch verweigern (to) con tinue ↔ (to) end the preg nanc y die Schwan - gerschaf t for tse tze n ↔ abbrechen (to) te r mina te for tfüh re n ↔ beenden (to) abort (to) ge t ri d o f it (collo quia l) „ es ” wegmachen lassen (umga ngss prac hlich) Per formin g abor tion s (to) induce an abortion on a woman with/wit hout her vol untary and info rmed consent eine Abtreibung/einen Schwang erschaft sabbruch an einer Frau mit/ohne deren freiwillige und informierte Einwilligung/ Zusti mmung einleiten (to ) carry out durchführen (to) p er for m vornehm en (to) ta ke part i n an abortion an einer Abtreibung /einem Schwang erschaft sabbruch mitwirke n (to) a ss is t wi th …in sta te hospital s … in staat lichen Kran kenhäusern sta te - run öff entl ichen sta te - supported staat lich gefördert en publ ic (AmE) National Health (Br E ) Trust (B rE) pri vate clini cs Privatkl iniken abort ion pro vider der Anbiete r von Abtreibungen Abtrei bungsanbiete r Abtrei bungsdien st Abtrei bungspro vider → Con s cience → Medical ethics Sex - select ive ab ortio n s sex - selective abortion die geschlecht ss e lektive Abtrei bung geschlecht sspezifi sche (to) abort f em al e foetuse s (B rE, n on - tech nic al ) fet uses (Br E/ AmE) weibliche Föten abtreibe n female foeticide (B rE, no n - tech n ica l) / feticide (Br E/AmE) die gezielte Abtreibung weiblich er Föten (to) cha nge the bal ance of t he sexes das Geschlecht ergl eichgewicht verändern (to) alter (to) distor t between t he sexes das Gleichgewicht zwisch en den Geschle chtern stören (to ) prese rve erhalt en 79 expan ds on… erweitert … * Not e tha t a bstra cts of ten use impersonal language ( this paper/study/research ra ther t han I ) Purpose The purpose of this pape r* is to show… Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, … zu zeigen aim study* goal research* This pape r* aims to ou t l in e… Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über … geben study * seeks research* explain… will … erklären explore… … unt ersuchen investigate ... * Note that abstracts often use impersonal language ( this paper/study/research ra ther than I ) Author ’s position on th e topic (thesis statement) t hesis statem ent die These This pape r* argues… Diese Arbeit argumentiert … study* shows… zeigt … research* makes the case f or… pläd ier t für … present s * Note that abstracts often use impersonal language ( this pa per/study/research ra ther t han I ) Sources source d ie Quelle This pape r* is based on … Diese Arbeit beruht auf … study* draws (up )on… zieht … hera n research* * Note that abstracts often use impersonal language ( this pa per/study/research ra ther t han I ) Findings f indi ng das Ergebn is This pape r* shows… Die Arbeit zeigt … study* fin ds… kommt zu dem Ergebni s … re - s earch* con clude s… Schluss … present s the find - ing s of… präsentiert die Ergebnisse (+ Genitiv) fr om… results o f… The findings show… Die Ergebnisse zeigen … suggest that … lege n nah e … * Note that abstracts often use impersonal language ( this paper/study/research ra ther than I ) Further research …remain s in nee d o f f urther in v es t iga t io n … bedarf weiterer Unter s uchung study research 80 Accou nta bil ity (to) be accoun t able for st h. to sb. jmdm. (ge - gen über) für et w. veran two rtli ch sein re che nsc ha fts pflic h tig held accoun t able for st h. by sb. von jmd m. für et w. zur Rechenschaf t gezogen werden responsi ble Verant wortun g to account (to) accou nt for one’s life to God sich vor Gott für/über sein Leben rechtf er - t ig en othe rs anderen oneself sich selbst (to ) give acco unt for vor Gott/anderen/ sich selbst Rechenschaf t f ür/ über sein Leben ablegen (to ) answer to sb. for sth. sich vor jmdm . für et w. verantwort en (to ) be responsibl e for st h . für et w. verantwortlich sein (to) take responsib i l it y Verantwortung überneh men Adaptatio n ( missio nary str ateg y ) (to) use adaptation as a missiona ry strat egy bei der Mission die Stra t egie der Adaption einsetzen (to) apply acc ommoda tion Akkommodation (to) build on the existing culture an d religion an die bestehende Kultur u nd Relig io n anknüpf en (to ) adapt t he Christ ian messag e to indi geno us cult ures die christliche Botschaft an indige ne Kult uren anpassen → Mission ary work Adoption (to) g ive a child (up) for adopt ion ein Kind zur Adopt ion freigeben (to) put (to) place (to) have a child adopted (to) give a child away weggeben fortge be n (to) arra nge (for) an ad optio n eine Adoption vermitteln in die Wege leiten tran sracial adoption die tran sethnische Ado pt ion tran sethnic tran s - ethnische interracial „gemi schtrassig e“* forei gn Auslandsadopt io n * Note tha t the ter m “ Rass e” i s co ntrove rs ial. birth mum my die Geb urts mutte r tu mmy Bauchmama 81 adopt ive Ado ptiv mu tter heart Herze nsma ma Herzma ma Agape feast (to) have a(n) agape eine Agape feiern agape m eal ein Agapemahl abhalte n agape f east eine Agapefeier lovefeast love - f e ast love feast ein Liebesmahl (to) revive the agape meal of the first Christi ans (A ct s 2: 46) die Agapemahlze it der ersten C hristen/ C hristinnen wiederbeleb en (Apost elgeschichte 2, 46) (to) be a(n ) pro per meal eine richtige Mahlzeit sein actual full ein Sät tigungs mah l shared geme insames Mahl commu nal Gemein schaftsma hl fel lowship → Early Christi anity → Jesus’ mi nist ry: Jesus east with tax collecto rs and sinners → Love (object s an d typ es) : Love of neighbours and st rangers (agap e) Aggiorna mento a ggior name nto ( Italian: brin ging u p to d ate , updating ) das Aggior n ame nto ( italienisch: V erheutigung, Aktualisierun g) (to ) respond to change in the modern world auf den Wandel in der m odern en Welt reagieren (to) make the gospe l intelligible to moder n peo ple das Evange lium für moderne Menschen verstehbar mache n relevant relevant → Second Vatican Counc il (1962 – 19 65) Agnost i cism agnost icism der Agnostizismus (to) be a g nostic abou t/on God (‘s existe nce) in der Gottesfrage Agnostiker/Agnostikeri n sein (to) believe that it is imp ossible to know whether God exists o r not glauben, dass es unmöglich ist, zu wissen , ob Gott exist iert oder nicht (to) n either believe n or disbelieve in G od w eder an Gott glauben n och seine Existenz bestrei ten (to) s i t on the fe nce sich nicht entscheiden können (to) sus pend judgem ent 82 judgm ent on God(’ s existence) sich in der Gottesfrage di e Entscheidung of fenha lten → Atheism → God Ahimsa ahimsa (Sansk rit) : non - vio lence Ahimsa (Sansk rit) : die Gewaltlosigkeit non - harm ing das Nicht - Ve r let z en non - in jury mini mizi ng harm die Schadensminimierung Schadensm inderung (to) a pply to al l livin g bei ngs für alle Lebewesen gelten (to) preach (the principle of) ahimsa Ahimsa predigen (to) p rac tis e (Br E) (to) p rac tic e (AmE ) das Ahimsap rinzip das Ahimsa - Prinz ip prakti zieren (to ) observe befol gen einhalten (to) p rac tis e (Br E) / (to ) pra ctice (Am E) ahimsa with one’s though ts Ahimsa i n Gedan ken prakti zieren words Wor ten acti on s Tate n deeds in one’s relation - ship wit h oneself Ahimsa i n seiner Beziehung mit sich selbst othe rs anderen the environ - ment der Umwe lt (to) l ive with respect mit Acht ung leben love Liebe compas sio n Mitg efühl kindn ess Freundlichkeit gratitude Dankbarkeit forg iveness Verge bung ↕ (to ) harm sb. jm d n . ve rl et z en jmdn. schädigen (to) cause harm to /o n sb. jmdm. Schaden zufüg en (to) inf lict injury Verletzungen → Animal ethics → Buddhism: The F ive P recepts → Civil disobedience → C ow worship (Hinduism) → Empathy, com passion, mercy → Forgiven ess → Gra titud e → Jainism : Et h i c al principles → Jainism: Vegetarianism → Love acc or ding to Paul (1 Co rinthians 1 3) → Love (object s an d typ es) → Reverence for life → Satyagraha → Ve ganis m → Vege tarianism Alev ism Syncreti sm Alevism der Alevismus das Alevitent um 83 Alevi ( noun ) der Alevit/die Alevitin Alevi ( adjective) alevitisch (to) be a(n ) branch of Islam eine Konfe ssion des Islam sein hetero dox Islami c group eine hetero - doxe/abwei - chen de islami sche Sonde r - grupp e deviant Muslim musli mi - sche myst ical eine myst ische religion in its own right eine eigenständige Religion sein independent religion syncret ic synkret istische syncret ical syncret istic → Ethn oreligi ous grou ps → Religi ous discrimination and persecution → S yncretism Understand ing of God (to ) fi nd Go d everywhere in nat ure Gott überall in der N at u r f in d en i n oneself in sich sel bst (to) come fr om God ↔ ( to) ret urn to Go d von Go tt kom men ↔ zu Gott zurückkehren → Panentheism → Pa nt heism Moral c ode ( to) con trol one’ s ha nds, lo ins a nd t ong ue seine Hände, Lende und Zunge beherrschen → Com mandme n ts → Lying → Responsible sexuali ty Gender ro les (to) use the gender - neutral ter m “can ” (soul ) den genderneutralen Beg riff „Can” (Seele) verwenden → Gender rol es → Wo men and religion Ritu als (to) gather in cemevis/djemevis ( Tu r ki sh: house of g athering ) sich in Cemevis ( türkisch: Versamml ungshaus) v ersammeln Cem - Häusern (to) hold a cem ceremony eine Cem - Zeremonie abhalte n (to) conduc t ritua l ein Cem - Rit u al vollziehen ausführen durchführen (to) do the (ri tual) semah d ance de n ( ri t uel l en ) S ema h - Tanz tanzen (to) p er for m auff ühren vorführen (to) sit in a circle in einem Kreis sitzen (to) dance tanzen (t o ) st an d across fro m one anot her sich gege nüberst ehen side by side nebeneinander stehen (to ) be accompani ed by the saz (long - necked lut e) von der Saz (Langhalslaute) begleitet werde n (to ) not turn one’ s back on the de de (spiritual leader) dem Dede (Geistlichen) n icht seinen Rücken zuwend en zudrehen → Mystical experience → Prayer: Body Language: Dancing 84 Altar call (to) make a(n) altar call einen Alt arruf mache n (to ) issue call for decision Aufruf zur Ent schei - dung Ruf (to) answer einem Altaruf/(Auf)ruf zur Entscheidung folge n (to) give the invitation (to receiv e Christ) die Einl adung (, Christ us anzunehmen,) aussprechen (to) be the (spiritual) cli max of a revival meeting der (geist - liche) H öhe - p un kt einer Erweckun gs - veranst altung sein eines Erweckungs - tre ffe ns einer Erweckungs - versamml ung (to) c ome forward (to the alta r/t o the f ro nt o f the church/t o the stag e) nach vorn e (zum Altar/in de r Kirche/zur B ühne) kom men (to) walk gehen (to) s tep (ste p p ed , st e pp in g ) (to) publi cly profess on e’s faith öffentlich seinen Glauben bekennen commi t (com mi tt ed, commi tt ing ) one’s life to Christ sein Leben öffentlich Christus geben hing eben en t r u st anvert rauen → Conversi on → Evange licals → Revival movement Altarpiec e winged altarpiece with... der Flügela ltar mi t . .. f ol d in g Kla ppal ta r Wandelalt ar ...o pe n wing s ... o ffe ne n Fl üg e ln . .. g eö ff ne t en ...c lose d ... g eschlossenen The alt arpiece shows... Das Alt arbild zeigt . .. depicts... Das Altargemäl de stellt ... dar. The reredos Das Retabel The retabl e Der Alt araufsatz Die Altartafel The predella Die Predella Der Alt arsockel Das Sockelbild The left - hand p an el Die linke Bildtafel cent ral mittlere Mi ttel tafe l 85 right - hand rechte Bildtafel bo tt om unt ere inner wing Der innere Flüg el out er äußere → Church furnishi ngs → Trip tych Altar server s alta r server der Mini strant / die Minis trantin alta r boy/altar g irl der Messdiener/die Mess dienerin → Laity Amazing G race New mea nings in n ew co ntexts (to) ge t to e very one jeden/jede ansp re - chen (to) have universal appea l (to ) appeal to Christi ans an d no n - Christians Christe n und Nicht christen Christi nnen und N ichtchristinne n (to) use langua ge tha t is not sp e cifi cal ly C hristian eine Sprache benu tze n/ verwenden, die nicht spezifisch christlich ist is ope n to d if fere nt inter pre tati ons die sich versc hieden interpretieren lässt non - Christ ians can re late to zu der Nicht christen /Nicht - christin nen Zuga ng finde n (to) mea n diffe re nt thi ng s to d iffe re n t peo ple verschiedenen Leuten Verschiede - nes bedeuten Menschen (to) take on new meanings in new con texts in neuen Kontexten neue Bedeutungen gewinnen (to) r ei n terpr e t (to) re - interpret the song das Lied neu interpretieren den S ong umdeut en (to) politicise (Br E) (to) politicize (BrE/A mE) politisieren (to) bec ome a spiritual anthem of the civil right s movem ent in the U. S. eine geistliche Hymne de r amerikanischen Bürgerrecht sbewegung werden → Musical sett ings Message of h ope (to ) bring comf ort to sb. jmdm. T ros t brin gen consola ti on sol ace (to ) be a m essage of hope … eine Botschaft der Hof fn ung ... sein deliverance Befreiung healing des Heilwerdens …for t he despairing ... für die Verzweifelten downtrodden Geknechteten (to) find hope throug h the song aus dem Lied Hof fn ung schöpf en 86 strengt h Kraft (to) become a n ew person ein neuer Mensch werden (to) over come despair Verzweiflung überwinden (to ) rise from hope lessness Hoff nungs losi gkeit oppressi on Unt erdrückun g → Hop e Haunting tune (to) have a hau nt in g tun e eine eindringliche Melodie haben melody unverge ssliche (t o) to uch sb. jmdn . berühren the heart (s) of … das Herz (die He rzen) + Genitiv → Civil religion → Despair → Evange lica ls → Gospe l mus ic → Hop e → Musi c and Religion → Reformat ion: Sola fide, sola gratia → Religion : F unc tions → Revival mov e men t Ambiguity Open to interp retat ion ambiguity die Doppeldeutigkeit Mehrdeutigkeit Vieldeutigkeit Uneindeutigkeit Doppelbödigkeit Ambigu ität (to) be ambigu ous doppeldeutig sein mehrdeutig vieldeutig uneindeutig doppelbödig mult i - layered vielschichtig ope n to inte r pre tati on bedeut ung soffen (to) l eave roo m for i nter pre tati on Spielräume für Deutunge n lassen (to) open up Interpretationsspielraum er ö ff n en Interpretationsspielräume (to) o ffe r mu lti ple inter pre tati ons verschie - dene Deutungsmöglichkei ten bie - ten levels of meani ng Bedeutungsebenen layers Bedeut ungsschichten interpre - tati on Deutungsebenen Deutungsschicht en (t o) fo rce th e reader/viewer to consider several interpre - tati ons den Leser/ die Leserin zw inge n, verschiedene Deut ungsmög - lichkeiten in Betra cht zu ziehen thin k throug h den Be - trachter/die Betra chte - rin zu durchden - ken fin d his/her/their o wn answe r zwingen, eine/seine/ihre eigene Antwort zu finden (to) cause uncertainty zur Unsicherheit führen anxiet y Angs t mache n → Symbol s: Characteristics and f unctions of symbols 87 Not al l blac k and w hit e The world is not (all) black an d white. Die Welt ist nicht (nur) schwarz - weiß. Things a re Die Dinge sind a shade of grey. Die Welt besteht a us Graut önen. messy. ist un ordentl ich und kompliziert. Ambigu ity t oler anc e (to) develop tolera nce f or amb igu ity Amb igu itä ts tol era nz entwickeln (to) foster (to ) n urture (to) p ro mote f ö rd e rn (to s tr eng the n stärken erhöhen (to) build (up) aufba uen (to) p ut up wit h (cog nit ive) ambiguity (kognitive) Mehrdeutigkeit (en ) a us - halte n (t o) to ler ate (moral ) (mo ralische) Uneindeutigkeit (en ) (ethical) (ethi sche) Ambiguität(en) ↕ (to) o ffe r easy answers einfache Antw or te n bie ten sim p le (to) provide clear - cut klare straig htforward eindeutige → Ethical issues an d dilemm as → Resilience Amish Origin s Amish die Amischen (to) be na med af ter Jaco b Ama nn ( 1644? – pri or to 173 0) nach Jakob Amann ( 1644? – vo r 17 30 ) be nann t sein (to) begi n in Switzerlan d about 1525 in der Schweiz um 1525 e nt stehen (to) star t (to) develop (to) origi na te (to ) arise (to) or igi nate fr om Swi tz erland ursprüng lich aus der S chweiz kommen (to) b e par t o f the An abaptist movement Teil der Täuferbewegung sein (to) go back to auf die Täuferbewegung z urückgehen (to) grow out of aus der Täuferbe wegung hervorgehen (to) come fr om (to) s tem fr om (s te mm ed, ste mm in g ) (to ) have one’s roots in seine Wurze ln in der Täuferbewegung h aben (to) trace one ’s roots to auf die Täuferbewegung zurückführ en origins → Anabaptists 88 Gelas senheit (to) seek to live a life of “gelassenheit” ( soug ht , soug ht ) danach st reben, g elassen zu leben “ gelassen heit“: self - surrender Gel assenheit: das Losla ssen des Ichs submissio n t o Go d’s will das Sich - Ergeben in den Wille n Gottes Gottergebenheit spirit of humilit y and modes ty Geist der Demut und Bescheidenheit (to ) surrender to th e will of God sich dem Willen Gottes e rgeben (to) sub mit (submi tt ed, subm i tt ing ) (to ) surrender al l to Go d alles Go tt überlasse n → Humili ty Sepa ratio n from the world separat ion f rom the worl d (e.g . Ro ma ns 12 :2) die Tr ennun g von der We lt (z.B . Rö mer 12, 2) non - confo rm ity to Abkehr (to) k eep se pa ra te fr om sich von de r Welt abschott en absond ern abkapseln (to) n ot co nfor m to nicht von dieser Welt sein (to ) see oneself as a p ilgrim and ( a ) st ranger in t his world sich als Pilger/Pilgerin un d Fremdling in in deser Welt sehen → Pilgri mage → Transience: So journers on earth (to) mai ntain a s tro ng gr ou p ide ntity sich eine starke Gruppenidentität bewahren (to) f oll ow tradi tio nal ge nder rol es tradit ionellen G eschl e chterr oll en fol gen (to) be know n for t heir simple living bekannt sein f ür ihre(n ) einfachen Lebensstil agrarian lifest yle land wirtschaftl iche Lebensweise reluc tan ce to adopt mo dern tech nolog ical co nven iences Zurückhalt un g gegenübe r technischen Annehmlich keiten horse - drawn farmi ng machin ery pferdegezogenen Landwirt schaftsg eräte buggies Pf erdekutschen sim p le dress schlichte Kleidung p la in fo cus on church an d family relat ionships Fokus auf Kirche und Familie emp hasis paci fi csm Pazif ismus refusal to swear oat hs Ablehn ung des Eids → Anabaptists → Cont ent ment → Gender a nd religion → Intentional comm unities → Pacifism → Sermon on t he Mo unt (Mat thew 5 – 7) → Si mple living C orrect ive c hurch discipline (to ) carry out (cor rect ive) ch urch discipline Gemeindezucht üben (to) exercise congre gati onal disc ipline (to ) admonish errant mem bers irrende Gemeindeglieder ermahn en zurechtweisen 95 zus amme nkomme n → Church of En gland → Global Anglica n F uture C onference (Gafcon) Angs t (to) feel acut e an g st eine akute Angst empfinden unspecific dread eine unbestimmte existential anxiet y existenzielle ang uish existentielle alien in a worl d without meaning sich in einer sinnlosen Welt fremd f ühlen disoriented… sich orien tie rungslos fühlen … con fuse d… verwirrt sei n … …in the face of a(n) appa re ntl y meaningless world ... ang esichts einer scheinbar/a nschei nend s i nnlos e n We lt absurd absurden …at having t o define oneself … ange sichts der Not wendi gkeit, sich selbst zu defin ieren create one’s own values seine eigenen Werte zu schaff en determine a meaning for on e ’ s l if e einen Si nn für sein Leben zu bestimmen choose one ’s own destiny sein eigenes Schicksal zu wählen fate → Basic trust → Despair → E xistentialism → Fate an d dest iny → Ident ity → Meaning in life → Theatre o f the Absurd → Values Animal eth ics Animal rig hts anim al right das Tierrecht Anim als have thei r own value. Tiere haben einen Eigen wert. a value of their own. intrinsic value. (to ) be sentient be ings fühlende Wesen sein empfind ungsfähige (to) feel ple asure Freude empfinden pain Schmerz anxiet y An g st ca pac ity o f ani mals to fe e l pai n die Leidensfähigkeit von Tieren pain perception of / in an im a l s das Schmerzempfinden von/bei Tieren sensat ion sensitivity die Schmerzempfindlichk eit (to) take animal sentience into accoun t die Empfindungsfähigkeit von Tieren be - rücksichtig en das Empfi ndungsvermögen (to) reject speciesism Speziesismus ablehn en (to) fight bekämpfen (to) g ive up au f g eb en 96 (to) abandon (to) treat animals as fellow creatures Tiere als Mit geschöpfe betracht en moral ly impor tan t ↔ un im - por tan t Tiere als moral isch bedeutsam ↔ unbed eutsa m relevant ↔ irrelevant relevant ↔ irrelevant valuable ↔ worthl ess wertv oll ↔ wertl os (to) b e en titl ed t o ki nd and re spec tful treatm ent by/at t he hands of humans ein Recht auf freundliche und respektvolle Behand lung durch Menschen haben → Ahimsa → Cow worship (Hinduism) → Creation: Steward of crea tion → Env ironme nta l ethics → Golden Rule → In vitro m eat → Moral circle → Orga n donati o n and tra ns pla ntati on : Xen otr ans pla ntatio n → Posthumanism → Veget arianism Animal research (to) te s t new drugs on an i m al s neue Medikamente an Tieren testen/ erpro ben Arzneimettel cosm et ics kosmeti sche Mittel (to) e xpe ri me nt an Tieren experimentiere n (to) do tes ting Tierversuche durchf ühren (to ) carry out experiments (to) conduc t experimentation an i m al tes ting experiments experimentation research on animals an Tieren forschen anim al research tiere xperiment elle Fo rschung betreiben (to) (strictly) regulate/ contr ol Tierversuc he/die tierexperiment elle Forschun g (streng) regeln/regl ementieren/ kontrollieren (to ) phase out a us Tierversuchen ausstei gen 3Rs of animal research (to) introduce the t hree R’s/the 3Rs pri nci ple das 3R- Pri nzi p (Replace, Reduce, Refine) einf ühren (to ) est ablish 3-V- P rin z ip (to) foll ow rule die 3 R - Regel befol gen (to) obey guideline (to) c omply wi th con cept das 3R- Ko n zep t (to) impl ement (to) (rigorous ly) enfo rce W. R ussell , R. Burch, The Principle s of Humane Experimental Technique , 1959) W. R ussell , R. Burch, Th e Principles o f Humane Experimental Technique , 1959) um s et z en (kon se - quent) durchsetzen 1. r eplacem ent 1. die V ermeidu ng (to) find ( non - animal ) alt ernat ives t o an i m al tes ting ( tierfreie ) Alternativen zu Tierversuchen f in d en 2. r educ tion 2. die V erringerung (to) use fewer animals weniger Tiere verwenden 97 (to) ti ghte n experimental design die sta tistische V ersuchsplanung op timieren 3. r efinement 3. die V erbesserung (to) impro ve experiments die Experimente verbessern the housing Unte rbringung der Tiere care Pfl ege → Creation: Ruler of creation → Ethics advisory boards Anima l- free research an i m al - free an i m al f ree research die ti erversuchsfreie Forschung (to) u se co mp uter models Compu termod elle verwenden simu lations Co mpu ters i mu l at i on en (to) grow human or ganoid s men schliche Organo ide zücht en (to) use mini - orga ns mini orga ns Minio rgane verwenden einsetzen (to ) recreate huma n orga ns on a s mall scale men schliche Organ e im Kleinen nachbild en (to) r e plic a te in Klein (to ) use the orga n - on -a- c hip tec h nology die Organ - on -a- Chip - Technik verwende n (to) work like huma n orga ns die Funktion menschlich er ‚Organe nachahme n (to) mi mic (mimi ck ed , mimi ck ing) Cr u el ty to animals cruelty t o animals die Tierquälerei an i m al cruelt y Gewalt gegen Tiere Gew al ttä tigke it gegenüber Tieren gegen Tiere abuse der Missbrauch von Tie ren Tiermissbrauch neglect die Vernachlässigung von Tieren (to ) harm animals witho ut a reasonable purpose Tieren ohne vernünftigen Grund Schaden zufüg en (to ) cause pain, suff ering, dist ress or last ing harm ( United Kingdom: An i m al s ( Scientific Proced ures ) A ct 1 9 86 ) Schmerzen, Leiden oder Schäden zufügen ( Deutschland: Tierschutzgeset z 24.7. 1972) (to ) be cruel to an i m al s Tiere quäle n (to ) (badly) mist reat (schwer/gro b) misshan deln (to) stop (st o pp e d, sto pp in g ) animal suffering Tierleid sto ppe n cruelty t o animals Tierquälerei animal cruelty Gewalt gegen Tiere (to) stun (stu nn e d, s t u nn in g) anim als with carbon dioxide (g as) Tiere mit Kohlendioxid betäuben carbon dioxi de stu nni ng of pigs die Kohlendio xid - Be t ä ub un g bei Schweinen CO2 CO2- Betä ubung → Ritual slaughter Animal we lfare (to) cha nge the con sti - animal welf are das Tierwohl in die Verfassung aufnehmen (to) ame nd animal protection den Tierschut z 98 tuti on to include the pr otec tio n o f an i m al s (to) re qu ir e the s tate to p ro tect th e na tura l foundation s of life and animals (Article 20a, Basic Law) den Staat verpflichten, die natürl ichen Lebensgrundlagen und die Tier e zu schützen (Artikel 2 0a, Grundgesetz) (to) p ro tec t animal welf are das Tierwohl schützen (to) guarantee gewährlei sten (to) p ro mote f ö rd e rn (to) cha nge the animal welfare an i m al - welf are law das Tierschutzge setz ändern (to) ame nd (to) ti ghte n Animal We lfare A ct verschärfen (to) ti gh ten ↔ (to ) relax anim al welfare standards Tierschutzst andards verschärfen ↔ lo ck e rn (to) introduce a(n) vol unta ry an i m al welfare label ein freiwilliges Tierwohll abel einf ühren mandatory verpflichtendes off icial nati ona l staat liches → Anim al husbandry → Creation : Steward of creation → Reverence for l ife → Vegetarianism Animal welfare activists animal welf are organ isation (B rE ) organiz ati on (BrE/AmE) die Tierschu tzorg anisation an i m al right s group die Tierrecht sgruppe welf are advocate der Tierschü tzer/die Tierschützerin acti vist campaigner mi l it an t der militante/radikale Tiers chützer die militante/radikale Tiersc hützerin radical animal liberationist (to) take imag es of cruelt y to an i m al s Bilder von Tierquälerei machen (to) film Au f n a hm e n (t o) capt ure Bilder von Tierquälerei ei nf angen (to) illega lly obtai n illegal i n den Besi tz von Bildern von Tierquälerei gelangen (to ) publ ish Bilder von Tierquälerei veröffentliche n (to ) release (to ) expose animal suffering Tierleid aufdecken Tierleiden sichtbar m achen → Anim al et hics: Cruel ty t o animals → Civil disobedience Animal husbandry Live stock farming live sto ck (singu lar or plu ral) das Nutztier, die Nutztiere das Vieh anim al husbandry die Tierhalt ung live sto ck f arming Nutz ti erh altu ng (to) keep livest o ck Nutz ti ere ha lte n 99 Int ens ive animal f armin g intensive an i m al f ar min g die Int ensivtierhalt ung live sto ck produ ction intensive Tierhalt ung indust ry industrielle fact ory farm ing ( pejorative) Massent ierhaltung (abw ertend) cruel husbandry pra ctice s Qualhaltung inhu ma ne live sto ck cond iti ons unmenschl iche Tierhalt ung practices that violate ani mal welfare (stan dards/guidelines) tierschut zwidrige (to) be kept in cage s in Kä f ig en ge h al t en w er den (to ) be crowded togethe r in crat es Boxen eingepfercht sein Verschläg en eingezwängt sein pens Pf erchen K as t en st än d en Org anic animal f armin g organic an i m al f ar min g die biologi sch - organische Tierhal tung live sto ck produ ction Biot ierhaltung indust ry (to) be oriented towards an imal welf are sich am Tierwohl orientieren orientated (to) provide sanit ary con dit ions for raising animals hygien ische Haltu ngsbed ingu nge n schaff en human e human e species - ap pro pri ate species ap pro pri ate husbandry die artg erechte Tie rhaltung an i m al - appr o pria te animal appropriate tiergerechte Haltung von Nutzt ieren free - r ange f ree range chicken das Freilan dhuhn das Biohuhn Bio - H u hn (to) run free frei laufen (to) roam sich frei bewegen im Freien weiträumig → Animal ethics → In vitro m eat Labe llin g (to ) introduce m andatory animal husbandry labellin g (Br E ) /labeling (Am E) eine verpflichtende Tierhalt ungskennzei chnung einf ühren (to) distinguish five ty p es of (a nimal) husbandry: fün f Hal tu ngs stu fe n u nte rs ch eid en: (1) “ind oor h ousi ng” (1) „ S tall” (2) ”ind oor + space ” (2) „ Stall + Platz” (3) “indoor wit h fresh air” (3) „ Frischluftst all” (4) “outdoor run s/free range” (4) „ Auslauf/Weide” (5) “org anic” (5) „Bio“ 100 Annihi l atio n ism annihilationism ( Latin ni hil : noth ing ) der Ann ihilation ismus ( latein isch nihil: nicht s) (to) have annihilationist views annihilationistische Ansic hten haben (to) hold vertret en (to) advocate (to) reject the idea of hell die Höllenv ors tellung ablehn en (to) deny verneinen (to) believe that the wicked will be com pletel y/to tall y destro yed glauben, dass die Gottlosen/ Frevler/ Frevlerinnen völlig/v ollstä ndi g vernichtet wer - den wiped out annihilated extinguished ausgelö scht put out o f ex is tenc e aufhören zu existieren (to) a ppe al to biblical t exts/passag es like Matt hew 10:28 (“destro y soul and body”) an d John 3:16 (“peri sh ”) sich auf Bi belste llen wie Matt häus 10,28 („Leib und Seele verderben“) un d Johannes 3,1 6 („verloren/„zug runde gehen “) berufen (to) invoke (to) quote Bibelstellen wie ... anführ en (to) cite → Bible: Biblical justificat ions → Hell → Jehovah’s Witnesses → Last J udgement Ant hropology View s, understa nding s, philosophies an t hropo log y die Anthr opolo gie social an d cult ural anthropology Et hn olog ie biblical a nt hropology biblische An thropologi e das biblische Men schenbi ld sb.’s view of human s jmds. Me nschenbild vision human nat ure image hum a n it y model the huma n person underst anding philo sophy man* con cepti on ideas of/ abo u t (to ) ask what makes us** human frag en, was uns* * zum Men - schen macht humans* * den Men schen** * No te tha t t his use of “ma n” i s widely consi dere d sexi st n owa days . ** Note tha t the fir st - pers on plural pronoun we/ u s is m ore pe rs onal and inclus ive t han the di stanci ng nou n huma ns . → Ensoul ment Optimistic, pessimist ic, r ealistic (to) have a(n) optimistic ein optimistisches Menschen bild haben pessimistic pessimistisches 101 realistic view of human nat ure realist isches melioristic melioristisches meliorist (to) see human be ings as… den Men schen als … sehen (to) understand men a nd wo men Männ er und Frauen betracht en verstehen …created in Go d’s image … nach Gott es Ebenbil d geschaffen …having inalienable rights … Tr äger / Träge rinn en unv eräußerl icher Rechte …inherent ly valuabl e … an si ch wertwo ll und bedeutsam …auto nomous crea tures … sel bstbest immte(s) Wesen …nat ural ly g ood ↔ bad/evil … von Nat ur aus g ut ↔ schlecht/bö se …inna te ly peaceful ↔ violen t friedlich ↔ gewalttätig …essential ly altrui stic ↔ selfish … wesen haft egoistisch ↔ altr u i st isch …inherent ly cooperative ↔ com petit ive kooperati v ↔ wett bewerbsorientie rt …fun damenta l ly … fun damenta l …basic ally … grun dlegen d … von G rund auf ( to) believe in a divine spark in humans an ei nen gö ttli che n Fu nk en im Men schen gl a ub en glaub en the perfectib i li ty o f human s an die Verbesserungsf ähigkeit des Menschen → Creation → Gnosticis m → Huma n di gnity → H uman rights → Human fallibility → Human vulnerabi lity → Huma nis m → Pos thu manis m → Qu akers (Relig ious Society of Friends) → Transhuman ism Human natu re and ev il (to ) see humans as … Menschen als ... sehen …torn between good and evil … zwischen G ut und Bö se hin - und hergerissen …having a natural / inna te tende nc y to/for good as well as evil (Imma nuel Kant ) … Wesen mit einer/einem angeb orene n Tendenz zum Guten wie zum Bös en (Imma nuel Kant ) inclination An l ag e propen sity Hang ...weak and f allible ... schwach un d fehlba r …capable of monstrous deeds … zu monströ sen T ate n fähig …evil f rom youth (incl ination of the human heart) (Genesi s 8:21) … bös e von Ju gend a uf (D ich ten und Trachten d es menschlichen Herz ens) (1. Mos e 8,21) ... corr upt ... verderbt ... ro tten to the co re ... b is i n de n Kern verderbt … im ... i m I nners te n … durch und d urch (to) see evil as par t of hu man na tur e das Böse al s Teil der menschli - chen Nat ur sehen (to ) regard betracht en (to) think of an aberrat ion of hum an nat ure Verirrun g der men schlichen N atur 102 a force outside human nat ure Kraft a ußerhalb der men schlichen N atur (to) c ome fr om inside von i nne n ko mm en (to ) arise within im Men schen entstehen ↕ (to) c ome/ (to) i nvad e fro m outside von a uße n k omme n/e ind ringe n (to) strike at innocent, helpless victi ms unschuldig e, hilf lose Opfer überfal len → Banality of evil → Evil → Heart (Hebrew Bible) → Prime val history → S ata n → Sin Anthr opo so phy Spiritu al path to knowl edge a nthroposophy ( Gr eek: wisdom of the human be ing/humanity) die Anthro posophie ( griechisch: Weisheit des Menschent ums) (to) be an a nt hroposophist Ant hroposoph/Anthroposophin sei n (to) be a philo sophical movement eine philo sophische Bewegung sein weltanschaul iche spirit ual spirituelle religious religiöse quasi - relig ious quasi - relig iöse quasi religiöse (to) see anthropo - sophy as a (n) spi ritu al pa th to knowle dge die Anthro - posop hie als spirituellen Erkennt ni sweg ver - stehen empirical spiritual science empirische Geistes - wissenschaf t (to) believe in spirit ual realities beyon d the materi al world an geistige Wirklichkeiten jenseits der m at e ri el l en We lt glau - ben supersen sible übersinn liche a hierarchy of ang els eine Engelhierarchie nine angelic realms neun Engelreiche (to) ga in k nowle dge o f th e high er wor lds Erkenntn isse der hö he r en Wel t en e rl an g en → Reincarnation Organ isations and initi ative s ant hroposophical pedagogy (Steiner Waldorf education) die ant hropo - sophi sche Pädagogik (Waldorfpädagogik/ Waldorf - Pädagogik? ant hroposophic school ( Steiner Wal dorf school) Schu le (Waldor fsch ule) ritua ls (e.g. mor ning/ evening circle time) Rituale (z.B. Morgen - kreis/Abendkreis) move - ment art (eurythm y) Beweg ungskun st (Eurythm ie) therap y Bewegungstherapie architecture (Steiner/ Steine r Waldorf architecture): organic Architekt ur: o rganische Architekt ur mit run den Ec ken, i n bu nte n, 103 architecture with/ feat uring rounded corners, pai nted in colo urful (BrE)/ co lorfu l (AmE) na tura l pai nts nat ürlichen Farben gest r ichen medicine Medizin (biody - nam ic) f ar min g (biodyn amische/biol o - gisch - dynam ische) Landwirt schaft (Demeter - Landwirt - schaft ) agricul ture (Demeter farmi ng/a gri - cultur e) banking das Bankwesen → An g el s → Econ omy for the C omm on Goo d → Es otericism → Euryt hmy → Higher education (worldview - based) → K a rm a → Reincarnation Antisemiti sm Forms of antise mitism religious ant isemitism anti - Semitis m der religiöse Anti se - mitismus economic ök onom is che racist rassisti sche Israel - relat ed israelbezo gene pseud o - scientific pseudo wissenschaft liche visual visuelle anti - Zio nism d er Antizionismus anti - Jewish feelings ant ijüdische Gefü hle judenfeindliche antisemitic anti - Semitic senti me nts ant isemitische Ressentiments prejud ice Vorurt eile bias stereot ypes Klischees Stereotypen consp iracy theorie s Verschwörun gstheorien myt hs Mythen allegations Beh au ptu nge n Anschul digung en writings Schrift en defam atory pam phl ets Schmähschrif ten infl amma tory Het zschriften Pam phl ete polemi c Polemi k caricat ure s Zerrbilder car to on s Karikaturen gra ffi ti Gra ffi ti daubings Schmierereien (to) have an anti - Jewish / antisemitic/anti - Semitic slant eine antijüdische / judenfeindliche/ ant isemitische Tenden z haben → Antisem itism in the visual art s → P ogr oms → S capegoa ts → Zionism 104 Antisemitic stere otypes (to ) be based on negative stereotypes about Jews auf n egativen Klischees übe r Juden beruhen (to) have negative Klischees üb er Juden haben (to) hold (to) believe glaub en (to) spread ( spread , spread ) verbreiten (to ) reinforce verstärken (to) p er pe tuate zum Fortbestehen von negativen Kli schees über Juden beitragen (to ) portray Jews as usurers Juden als Wucherer darstel len exploiters Ausbeut er → Antisemitism in the vi sual arts → Pharisees: N egative stereot yping → Sc ap e go a t s : Scapegoating Chris tian an ti -J u dais m Christi an an t i - J udaism der christliche Antijudaismus blood libel die Ritualmordlegende ritual murder accusat io n der Rit ualmordvorwurf die Blutlüge (t o) a ccuse Je ws of ritual ly murdering children Ju den des Ritual mords an christli chen Kinde rn b eschul digen pois oning w ells der Bru nne nver gi ftung bezich - t ig en desecrati ng host s Host ienschändung (to) call Jew s “killers o f Chri st”* Juden als „ Christusm örder”* bezeichnen (to) attack Jews as “murderers o f Christ ”* angreifen “kill ers of G od”* „Go ttes mör de r“* “murderers of God ”* (to) blame Jews collective ly for th e dea th of Jesus die Juden kollektiv für de n Jes u To d veran two rtli ch ma chen (to) hold Jews collectively responsi ble (to m ake sweeping generalisations (Br E) generalizations (Br E/AmE) about “t he Jews” (e.g. John 19:14 – 15 ; 1 Thessalo - nians 2:14 – 15 ) pauschale V erallgem einerungen über „ die Jude n“ m achen (z .B. J oh anne s 19, 1 4 – 15; 1 Thessalo nicher 2, 14 – 15) (to ) build a church on t he site of a (dest royed) synagog ue eine Kirche an (der) Stelle einer zerstörten Synagog e erricht en * Note the use of dis tancing inverted commas. → Antisem itism in the visual art s → Ecclesia and Synagoga → Juda s Iscariot Anti - Jewish dress codes (to) s e t u p ( set , set , se tt in g ) a special dress code fo r Jews eine besondere Kleiderord nung für Juden / Jüdinnen erlassen beson - dere Klei dervorschrifte n (to ) est ablish Klei dungsvorschrif ten (to) order (to) ordain (to) mandate (to) be yellow badge on one’s clot hes/ ein gelbes Abzeichen auf seiner Kleidung t ra g en müssen patc h Aufn äher 111 plac e o f rural tran quillit y (BrE) tra nqui li ty (A mE) der Ort länd licher Ruhe en chant ment der Verzaube rung fulf il me nt (Br E) fulfillm ent (AmE ) der Ort erfüllt en Lebens happ iness der Gl ücksort (to) long for rural simpli city sich nach län dlicher Ein fachheit se hnen (to) year n (to) seek ( soug ht , sou ght ) t he l o st paradise das verlore ne Paradie s suchen a(n) terrest rial ein irdisches earthl y nos talgia for t he lost paradise die Sehnsucht nach dem verlorenen Paradies longin g paradise lo st yearning (to) be unach ievabl e unerreichbar se in unattain able (to) have a private Arcadia ein privates Arkadien haben Et in Arcadia ego: even in Arcadia/in happ iness death is pre sent (Po ussin: Arcadian S hepherds , 16 27; 16 37 / 38 ) Et in A rcadia ego: Auch in Arkadien/im Glück ist der Tod (anwesend). (Poussin: Die arkadische n Hirten , 162 7; 16 37 / 38 ) → Gardens: L andscape gardens → Intentional communities: Back - to - the - l and mo vement → Ha pp in e ss → Myth → Simple living → Transien ce → Utopian tho ught: Euto pia s Argume ntum ad ho minem ad h ominem a rgu ment ( Latin: to the p erson) das Ad - homi nem - Argume nt ( lateinis ch: gegen die P erson ) personal att ack on /against sb. der persön liche Angri ff auf /gegen jm dn . (to) a ttac k the op po ne nt' s c har ac ter, personal trait s or mot ives inst ead o f dispro ving his/her /t heir a rgumen t (s) den Charakt er, die Ei g en scha f t en o d er Motive des Gegners/der Gegnerin angreifen, statt sein (e) /ihr (e) Ar gu ment ( e zu w i derlegen → Debating: Weak and strong arguments → Tu quoque arg ument Ark of the Covenan t a rk of the co venan t d ie Bundeslade (to ) be a portable w oode n box cov ered with gold (Exodus 25:10 – 22 ) eine tragbare, mit Gold überzogene Hol ztruhe sein ( 2. Mo se 25 , 10 – 22) (to) be the mos t impor tan t religious object der wichtigste Kultgegenstand sei n ritua l (to) hous e / (to) ho l d two st one tab lets inscribed with t he ten comma nd ments zwei St eintafeln mit den den zehn G eboten enth al te n engraved (to) be kept in the Tabern acle (Exo dus 26) in der St iftshütte (2. M ose 26) aufbewahrt werden the Ten t o f Meeting im Zelt der B eg eg n ung 112 (to) be housed Revelation (Exodus 29:4 2 – 43) Offen barungszelt (2. M ose 29 ,42 – 43) the (fir s t) Te mpl e (1 K ings 6:19) im ( e rs t en ) Tem p el (1. K önige 6,19) (to) be God’s throne on earth ( Psal m 8 0: 1- 2 ; Exodu s 25 :21 – 22 ) Gott es Thron auf Erden ( P sa lm 80 ,1 -2 ; E xo dus 25,2 1 – 22) sein fo ots tool (1 Ch ro nicl es 28 :2) Fußscheme l (1. Chr onik 28, 2) (to ) symbolise ( Br E) (to) sy mbol ize (B rE/ AmE) God ’s presen ce Gottes Gegenwart symbol isieren (to ) represent → Com mandme n ts → Cove na nt → God: God’s presence a nd God’s a bsence → Judaism → Symbo ls Armageddon Armage dd on (Rev elati ons 16:16) Harmage do n Harmage ddo n (Offe nbaru ng 16 ,16) loc ati on of th e fina l , d ecisive battle be twe e n good a nd evi l (Revelations 17:12 – 14; 1 9:17 – 12 ) der Ort der endzeitlichen E nt scheidun gs - schlacht zwischen Gut und Böse (Of fenba ru ng 1 7,1 2 – 14; 19 ,17 – 21) end of (t he) world scenari o das Endzeitszenario endzeitliche Szenario dramatic event tha t wil l… das dramatische/verheerende Ereig nis, das ... der dramatische/verheerende Konflikt , der ... catast rophic con flict …destro y the worl d … die Welt vernichten wird hum a n it y … die Menschheit → Apocalyptic literature → Apo calyp tic th ink ing → Tribulat ion s Art of l ife ar t of life die Lebenskunst a well - lived life K un st (eines/ des) gelingenden Lebens gelu n genen living a ha ppy life glü ckliche n good gu t en schönen full erfüllten meani ngful sinnerfüllten successful erfolgreichen → Philos ophic al cou nselli ng 113 Artificial i nsemi nat ion by do nor (AI D) Male fer tility issu es (to) have ( a ) low s p erm c ount eine verminderte Spermienzahl haben po or s per m qu ali ty schlechtes S perm a sperm quality die Spermaqualität Spermienqualität (to) f reeze a sp e r m samp le eine Sperm aprobe einfrieren (to) use deep - frozen sperm tiefgefrorenes Sperma ver wenden Gett ing inse minated (to) become pregnant by artificial insemination with the sperm o f an anony mous donor durch künstl iche Bef ruchtung m it dem Samen eines anonymen Spenders s chwanger werden (to) be artificial ly in s em in at e d sich künst lich befrucht en lassen (to) get (to) be give n sper m fro m a donor Spendersa men erhalten (to ) vi sit a spe rm bank eine S am en ban k besuchen (to) be conceived by sperm donation durch eine Samenspende gezeugt werden/sein → Pre gna ncy Impac t on t he fami ly donor offs prin g das Spenderkin d dono r con ceive d person donor - con ceived (to) tell children how the y were conceived Kindern sagen, wie sie gezeu gt wurden secrecy aroun d biol o gi cal parentag e die Heimlichtuerei um die biologisch e Herk unft surroundi ng (to ) keep sth. secret f rom sb. jmdm. etw. verheimliche n (to) feel that sth. is wrong spüren, d ass etw. nicht stimmt (to ) sense (to ) be confused by sb.’s behavio ur (Br E) / behavior (AmE). von jmd s. Ve rhal ten verwirrt sei n abo ut on e’ s origins über seine Herkunft parentag e (to) cause tension(s) in th e famil y Spa nnu nge n in d er Fa milie verursachen hervorrufen (to ) have a right to know who on e’s bi ologic al fat her is ein Recht darauf haben, zu wissen, wer der biologische Vater ist the bio logical f ather’ s identity d ie Identität des biologi schen Vaters z u kenne n/ er fahren d iblings : h alf - bro thers and sisters fr om t he same sp erm don or ( portmanteau word blending “d onor ” and “ s ibling ”) Halbg eschwister, die durch densel ben Samenspender g ezeugt wurden (to ) seek sb. out ( soug ht , soug ht ) jmdn. ausfindig machen jmdn . aufsp üren 114 → Egg d onati on: I mpac t on the fa mily Ashra m Ashram ( S anskrit “ ś rama ”: religious exertion, strivin g towards a goal) der Ashram ( Sanskr it „ ś rama “: religiös e Bemü hu ng, A nstr eng ung der Aschram (to) set u p an Ashram eine n Ashram g ründen (to ) est ablish (to) found (to) be a commu nity forme d aroun d a spirit ual teacher eine Gemeinschaft um einen spiri tuellen Lehrer/eine spirituelle Le hrerin sein gat hered headed by ein e von einem spirituell en Lehrer/einer spirituellen Lehrerin gele itet e Gemei nschaft sein a spirit ual teacher ein spiritueller Lehrer eine spirituelle Lehrerin mast er ein spiritueller Meister eine spirituelle Meisterin guru ein spiritueller Guru (to) foll ow H indu religion hinduist ische Religion prakti zieren (to) p rac tis e (Br E) (to) p rac tic e (AmE ) philo sophy Philo sophie → Hinduism → In tentional communities → Retrea ts Assi sted sui cid e Volun tary suic ide (to) cho ose to die of one’s ow n will einen selbstbestimmten Tod wä hlen voliti on at a t ime of t heir choosin g den Zeitpunkt des/seines Sterbens selbst wählen in a pl ace Ort mann er die Art patie nt wi lli ng to di e der sterbewillig e Patient die sterbewillige Patientin patie nt‘s wish to die der St erbewunsch des Patienten der Patientin desire voluntary sui cide der freiverantwortliche S uizid (to) take the deadly drug(s) yourself das tö dli che Mitt el selbst nehmen let hal medication tod bringende dose die tö dliche/to dbringende Dosis sel bst n eh m en (to) self - admi nist er the deadly drug sich das tö dliche /todbringende Mittel se lbst verabreichen let hal medication → Euthanasia → Suicide Right to die (to) defe nd the right to die verteidigen 115 (to) l egalise ( Br E) (to) l egalize (BrE/Am E) ( in artic les about the ruling of the German c onstitu - tional court also: the rig ht to a self - determined death ) das Recht auf eine n selbstbe - stim mten Tod legalisieren (to) exercise selbst bestimmtes Sterben wahrnehm en (to ) restrict beschränken (to) limit einzuschrän ken doctor - assisted docto r assisted suicide die ärztli ch assisti erte Selbstt ötung dying * begleitete Sterbe hilfe physician - assist ed physician assist ed der ärztlich assistierte Suizid das ärztl ich assisti erte Sterben die ärztliche Beihilfe zum Suizid ärztl iche Suizidhilfe Suizidbeihilfe ärztl ich assist iert e Sel bsttötung ärztl iche Beihilfe zur Selbst ötung ärztliche Hilfe (to) allow assisted suicide Suizidhilfe erlauben (to) p ermit d ying * Suizidbeihilfe ges ta tten (to ) pro hibit verbieten (to) ban (ba nn ed, ba nn ing ) unt ersagen (to) outlaw right - to - die organ isation (B rE ) organiz ati on (Br E/AmE) die Sterbehilfeorganisation death - wit h - dig n it y society der Sterbehilfeverein (profe ssional) sui cide assistant der (professionelle) Sterbehelfer die (professionelle) Sterb ehelferin * Note tha t assist ed dying is a mbiguous. It ca n mean assist ed sui cide , euth anas ia or p alliat ive s edati on. Assisted dying in th e sense of as sis ted suicide is a euphemism . Safe guar ds (to) p ut up /( to) erect ↔ (to) remo ve lega l hurdles/ obst acles to assisted suicide /dying * rechtli che H ürden f ür den assisti erte n Suizid errichten /einziehen ↔ bes eitig en (to) have (…in place ) safeguards Vorsicht smaßnahmen vorsehen Sicherheit svorkehrung en tre ffe n (to) include einschließen (to) build in einbauen (to) impose guardrails Leitplanken einziehen (to) requi re pat ients to be assessed by t wo doctor s vor sc hre ibe n, das s Pa tie nte n/Pa tie nti nne n von zwei Ärzten/Ärztinnen begu tachtet werden m üssen the perm ission of a judge (eine) richterliche Geneh migung erfordern approval con sent (to ) have less than six months to l ive wenig er als sechs Monat e zu leben habe n (to) be mentally soun d im Vollbesitz der geistigen Kräfte sein cog niti vely urteil sfähig mandatory waiting period die verpf lichtende Warte zeit 116 compu lsor y time independent counse lling (BrE ) couns eli ng (AmE) age ncy die unabhän gige B eratungsstel le centre (Br E) center (A mE ) * Note tha t assist ed dying is a mbiguous. It ca n mean assist ed sui cide , euth anas ia or p alliat ive s edati on. Assi sted dying in th e sense of as sis ted suicide is a euphemism . → Con science → Constitutiona l court rulings → Counse llin g → Definition s: Cl arifying term s → Dying → Ethical jud gem ents → Huma n righ t s → Medic al ethics → Sli pper y s lope ar gu me nt → Termin al care: Extending or shortening a patient’s li fe Medical c onditions peo ple with a(n) grievous co n di t ion Menschen mit einer/ einem schweren Kran kheit chronic chronischen Erkrankung nicht lebens - bedrohli chen Leiden non - l if e - t hreatening non - life threatening incurable unheil baren irremediable t er m in al Krankheit im Endstadium Complet ed l ife (to) look back on on e ’ s l if e auf sein Leben zurückscha uen over zurückblicken sein Leben Revue passier en lassen (to ) look back and assess o ne’s l ife eine Lebensbilanz aufstellen ziehen (to) feel (th a t) … das Gef ühl haben, ... …it is enou gh ... da ss es genug ist …one has had a com plete life ... da ss das Leben gelebt ist com pleted vollendet ist full li fe ... dass man ein erfülltes Leb en hatte life f ully lived …that one’s life i s shaped and finished ... dass sein/ihr Lebe n seine Form gefu nden hat und vollen det ist → Life stories Suic ide by starv ation suicide - by - starvatio n das St erbefasten self - starvation das Sich - zu - Tode Hunger n VSE D (v olu nta ry s toppi ng o f e ati ng a nd drinking) der freiwilllige Verzicht auf Nahrung un d Fl üssigkeit (FVNF) Essen un d Trinken (to) starve to death sterbef asten (to) end one ’s li fe b y fas ting sein Leben durch Sterbefas ten beende n (to) te r mina te Suic ide pods (to) use a suicide pod eine Suizidkapsel Suizid - Kapel einsetzen caps ule 117 Sarco * Sarco * - K ap s e l verwenden suicide device Suizidvorri chtung be n ut z en death pod/capsule Todeskapsel (to ) press a b utto n (auf) ei nen K no pf dr ück e n (to) push (to) o pe rate the po d wi thou t external help die Kapsel ohne fremde Hilf e betä tig en assistan ce (to ) release nitr ogen (gas ) into the airtight/sealed chamber/c abin St icksto ff(g as) in die luftd ic h te /luft dicht verschlossen e K ap s el einleiten (to) inject einst römen lassen (to ) gradually lose co nsciousness ( lo st , lost ) allm ählich das Bewusst sein verlie ren (to) die of hypoxi a ( Greek hypo: un der; insuffi cient supply of oxy gen to cells an d tis sues) infolge von Hypoxie ( grie chisch hypo: unter; Min derv ers org ung von Zellen und Geweben mit Sauerstoff) sterben loss of o xygen durch Sauersto ffmang el oxygen deprivation (to) en d one’s lif e without medical supervisio n seinem Leben ohne ärztl iche Begleitung ein Ende setzen oversight Aufsicht * From sarcopha gus (German: Sarkophag). Astrol og y Belief i n th e stars astrol ogy die Astrol ogie Ste rndeut ung Sterndeuterei (umgan gs - sp r ach l i ch , abwerte nd) Sternendeuterei astrol oger der Astro loge/die Astrologin stargazer der Sterngucker/die Sternguckerin (to ) observe t he (mo tio n o f th e) s tars die Sterne beobacht en den Lauf der Gestirne conste llatio ns Stern bilder Sternkonstellationen Gestirnskonstellatione n (to) tr ac k the constellations t hrough the yea r Stern bilder im L aufe des Jahreszyklus verfolgen (to ) regard the st ars as gods die St erne als Gött er sehen Gestirne für G ötter halten (to ) worship (worshi pp ed, worshi pp ing, AmE also worshi p ed, worshi p ing ) als Götte r verehren (to) influenc e human destiny das Schicksal de s Menschen beeinflussen (t o) affe ct (to) c ontrol bestimmen (to) determine 118 (to) read the f uture from the st ars die Zukunft aus den Sternen lesen (to) p redict vorhersagen → Creation: Disencha ntment of nature → Fate and destiny → Fo rt un e - t el lin g → Hor osco pes → Stars → Zodi ac Astro logica l met aphors (to) be writt en in the stars ( br ought about by a force that controls the future) in/v on den S ter ne n vorg ezeich net sein completel y in the st ars (to be uncertai n) in de n Ste rne n stehe n (un gewiss sein) (to ) be born under a(n) lucky star un t e r einem glü ckliche n Stern geboren sein unluck y keinem gu t en a pair of st ar - cross ’ d lovers (Willia m Shakes peare, Romeo and Juliet , Prol ogue ) zwei Liebende unter schl echte m St e rn (William Shakespeare, Ro meo und Julia, Prol og) → Metap hors Pseudo science astro logy ↔ as tron omy die Astrologie ↔ die Astronomie (to ) regard astro logy as a pseudoscience Astro logie als Pseudo wissenschaft betracht en (to) view (to) reject ablehn en (to) conde mn verurteilen (to) den ounce öffentlich kritisieren (to ) dismiss abtun (to) expose entl arven (to) debu nk bloßste lle n → Su pers ti tio n Coping mech anism (to) be a copi ng me cha nism ein Bewältigungsmechani smus sein (to) reduce ambiguity Ambigu ität verring ern Mehrdeutigkeit reduzieren uncertainty Unsicherheit Ungewissheit unpredictability Unberechen barkeit (to) give a sense of contr ol ein Gef ühl der Kontr olle vermitteln (to) provide stabil ity Stabil ität (to) a ppe al to people with ( a pronoun ced) intolerance for ambiguity ... M en - schen mit (ausgeprägter) Ambig uitätsintol eranz ansp re - chen in ( a ) crisis in Krisensituationen → Magic: Magical thin king → Mea ning i n life : Cri si s of meani ng Asylu m Accepti ng asyl um - seekers asylum - seeker der Asylbewerbe r/die Asyl bewerberin 119 (to) l et in genuine pol itical refugees echte(n) politische(n) Flüch tlinge( n) aufnehmen (to) take in vict ims of pol itical repressi on/ oppressi on i n the ir homela nds Opfer(n) politischer Repression in ihren Heimatländern (t o) a ccept (to ) grant asyl um to Asyl gewähren (to) give shelter to Schut z those who qualify under t he Geneva Conv ent io n on refugees F lü cht l in g e( n ) im Sinne der Genfer Flüch tlings konv enti on → Religious refugees Reject ing asylu m - seeke rs (to) reject econo mic mi gran ts Wirt schaftsflüchtl inge ablehn en (to ) t urn down “bog us“ (e con omic) refugees Scheina sylanten/ Scheina sylantinn en abweisen (to ) deny asylum to (to) kic k out (manifes tly) “unf ound ed“ appl icant s Asylbewerber/ Asylbewerbe - rinne n m it (offenkundig) unbeg ründeten Anträ gen ausweisen (to) expel (expe ll ed, expe ll i ng) (to ) send back appl icant s who come under f alse pretences Asylbewerber/ Asylbewerberi nn en, die Falschan gaben m achen abschieben (to ) ship back (shi pp ed, shi pp in g) (to) dep ort (to ) forcibly re patri a te failed asylum - seekers asylum see kers abgele hnte Asylbewerber Asylbewerberi nn en rejected unsuccesf ul erfol glose Church s anctua ry sanct uary movement die Kirchenasylbewegung (to) seek ( soug ht , soug ht ) refug e in a church Zuflucht i n einer Kirche suchen church sanct uary Kirchen asyl (to) o ffe r asylum bieten (to) provide gewähren (to) grant (to ) give sb. jmdn. ins Kirchen asyl aufnehmen n eh m en Ger man Ecum enica l Committ ee on C hurch Asylum die Ökumenische Bundes arbeitsgemein - schaft Asyl in der K irche (to) p rev e nt depo rta tion die Abschiebun g verhin dern (to ) submit a hardship dossier (submi tt ed, subm i tt ing ) ein Härtefalldossier vorle gen (to ) reconsider hardship cases Härtefäll e überprüf en (to) reexamine (to ) recognise ( Br E) (to) recognize (BrE/AmE) anerkennen → Con science → German t itles and Germ an organisations → Works of m ercy 120 Strang ers and foreigners in the Bible (to) wel c om e stran gers Fremde freun dlich aufnehmen (to) care for sich um Fremde kümmer n (to ) show hospital ity to Frem den Gastf reundschaft erweisen (to) tr ea t aliens as nati ve - bo rn Frem de F re md l in ge wie Einheimische behandeln ( 3. Mo se 19,34) fore igners as citizens (Leviticus 19:34) Ausländer Auslän derin - nen als Mit bürger/ Mitbürg erinnen witho ut discrimination nicht disk r iminieren ↕ (to ) opp ress sb. jmdn . unt erdrücken (to ) burden belast en (to) chea t betrüg en (to) take ad v an t ag e o f sb . übervorteilen ausnüt zen → Exodus sto ry Atheism atheism der At heismus (to) be (an) atheist Atheist/Atheistin sein an atheist philo sophy eine atheistische Philo sophie atheistic religion Religion (to) not believe in God or gods nich t an Go tt o der Gött er gla uben (to) reject belief in den Gla ub en a n Go tt ode r Gö tter ab le hne n (to) deny the existence of die Ex iste nz v on Go tt od er Gö tter n leu gnen → Agno sticis m → God Atman at m an ( S anskrit: breath ; self) das Atman ( S anskrit: Lebenshauch ; A t em ; Selbst ) real self das/die wahre Selbst eternal ewige Ich soul Seele inner core of being der Seelenkern Seinskern divine spark Funke des Göttlichen (to ) be identi cal wi th/to brahm an mit (de m) Brahman identisch sein → Brahman → Soul Augsb urg Co nfe ssio n ( 1530) Augsburg 127 Bapti s m Gett ing baptised ba ptis m die Taufe christen ing (i nfant baptism) (to ) baptise ( Br E) (to) baptize (BrE/AmE) sb. in the name of the triune God jmdn. auf den Na men /im Namen des dreieinigen Gottes taufen person bapt ising (Br E) bapti zing (BrE/AmE) sb. der/die Taufende bapt iser (BrE) bapt izer (Br E/AmE) candidate f or baptism der Taufbewerber/die T aufbewerberin der Taufkandidat /die Taufkandidatin der/die Taufwillige the one getting bapt ised (BrE) bapti zed (BrE/AmE) der Täufling der/diejenige, die getauft w ird newly ba ptised (B rE ) newl y baptized (B rE/ AmE) der/die neu Getaufte → God: The triune God → John t he Baptist → Missionary work: The G reat Co mmission (Mat thew 2 8:1 8– 20 ) → Mormons (Church of J esus Christ of Latt er - Day Saints ) : Temple work → Rite s of p assage : Baby naming Infant baptism (to) p rac tis e (Br E) (to) p rac tic e (AmE ) infa n t bap tis m die S äuglingstaufe p raktizieren p edobaptism (forma l) (to ) baptise ( Br E) (to) bap tize (BrE/AmE) babies Säuglinge tau fen i nfa nts Babys Kleinkinder Adult baptism (to) p rac tis e (Br E) ( to) pr ac tice (AmE ) adult ba ptis m die Erwachsenen taufe prakti zieren believer‘s Gl aubensta ufe Gläu bi ge ntau fe Bekentnistaufe (to ) baptise ( Br E) (to) bap tize (Br E/AmE) (informed) adults (mündige) E rwachsene tau fen (professing) believers (bekennende) Glaubende (to ) consciousl y choose one’s fa ith sich bewusst f ür seinen G lau - ben ent schei - den (to) make a conscious decision to be bapt ised (BrE) bapti zed (Br E/AmE) die Taufe (to ) see baptism a s a(n) commi tmen t to Chr ist die Taufe als Bekenntnis zu Christus verstehen pro fes sio n o f fai th in Christ 128 inf orme d ac t of fai th bewussten Glaube nsakt Belief m ust come b efore ba ptis m. Der Gl aube muss der Taufe vo rangehen. precede → Pentecostalism Drop - in baptism (to) o ffe r spo nta neous bapt ism(s) Spo nta nta ufe n Spo nta n -T auf e n anbieten (to) have veranst alten (to) hold Taufen für Kurzent schlossene (to) do drop - in Drop - in Ta uf en po p up pop - up Pop - Up - Ta uf e n Pop - up - Ta uf e n Ta ufen to go (to ) show up without p reregisteri ng ohne Vor anmeld ung vorb eikommen (to) turn u p (to) be bapt ised (BrE) bapti zed (BrE /AmE on t he spot sich spont an taufen lassen (to) get (to ) be inspired by t he story of the Et hiopian eunuch (and high official ) (Act s 8:2 6 – 39) von de r Geschichte vom Kämmerer aus Äthiopien inspiriert sein (Apost elgeschichte 8,2 6 – 39) (to ) cheapen baptism ↔ (to) make ba ptis m as easy as po ssible/e asier to acc ess/m ore accessible die Taufe verramschen ↔ die Taufe so einfach wie möglich mac hen/den Zugang zur Taufe erleichtern Bapt ism b ible verse (to ) choose a bapti sm (Bible) verse (not customary in English churches) eine n Taufspruch wählen (nicht üblich in englischen Kirche n) Baptismal clothing ba ptis m cl o t hin g die Taufkleidung bapti smal outf it garme nt (to ) wear white weiß tragen (to) wear a ba ptis m gown ein Taufkleid t ra g en bapti smal christen ing bapt ismal robe ein Taufgewand bapti smal garment fam ily heirloom das Fam ilienerbstück Immer sion bapti sm (to) p rac tis e (Br E) (to) p rac tic e (AmE ) (ful l - )immersion ba ptis m die Ganzkörpertaufe prak tizieren bapt ism by immers ion/ submersio n (t o ) st an d i n the water im Wa sser stehen (to) go unde r unt ertauchen (intransit iv) 129 (to) su bmer ge (intransitive) in (to ) submerge sb. jmdn . untert auchen (to) be di pp ed under the water unt erget aucht werd en (to) be wholly immersed gan z vom Wasser bedeckt werden com pletel y (to ) be brought up wieder emporgehoben w erden (to ) symbolise ( Br E) (to) sy mbol ize (Br E/AmE) the deat h, burial and resurrectio n of J esus Tod, B egräbnis un d Auferst ehung Je s u symbol isieren the de ath o f the nat ural self den Tod des nat ürlichen Menschen the rebirt h into a n ew lif e die Wiedergeburt in ein neues Leben (to ) be reborn wiedergeboren werden → Jesus’ death (interpretations) → Jesus’ resurrection → Mikveh (Mikvah): Taking a rit ual bath → Pur ity a nd im pur ity : Ri tu al pu ri fic ati on → S ym bo l s Dipping , pourin g, sprinkling (to) dip (di pp ed , di pp ing ) sb. ’ s head in the water jmdn. mit dem Kopf ins W asser t auchen (to) dunk (to) pour water o ver sb.’s hea d den Kopf mit Wasser übergießen (to) spri nkle bespreng en (to) (gently) sprinkle (a litt le) water on /o ve r the fore head die Stirn mit (etwas) Wasser benetzen befeuchten Baptists (to ) be one of the main bran ches of Protest antism einer der H au ptzw ei ge d e s Pr ote sta ntis mu s sein (to) begi n in 17 th century Eng land im 17. Jahrhundert in England entstehen (to) star t (to) develop (to) origi na te (to ) arise → Baptism: Adult bapt ism → Church polities: Con gregation alism → Dissente rs and non con formis ts → He lwy s, Th omas (c . 15 75 – c. 1 6 16 ) → Religious diversity and pluralism : Internal religious diversity Bar mitzvah/Bat mitzvah bar ( Ar amaic: son ) ( Hebrew: com - mand me nt, l aw) Bar ( ar amäisch: S o hn ) Mitzwa ( h e br ä - isch: des Ge botes/ der Pf licht) bat ( H ebrew: daughter) Bat (hebr äisch: Toch ter ) (to) cal l a b oy/a gi rl (u p) to the Tor a h einen Jungen/ein Mädche n zur Tora aufruf en (to) r ea d fr o m/ou t o f the Tora h aus der Tora vorl esen 130 (to) r ec i te ( fro m) (to) sin g die Tora si n g en vorsing en (to) cha nt leinen (to) c a nti lla te cantillat ion die Kantillat ion (ritua l) chanting der Sp rechgesang (to) bec ome relig iously responsi ble for on e’s acti on s religionsmündig werden accoun t able → Judaism → Rites of passage → Torah Base communi ties (to) star t base communities Basisgemeinden grün den (to) s e t u p ( set , set , se tt ing ) basic ecclesial communiti es (BECs) ( Spanish : “ comunidades eclesiales de base ”) kirchliche Basi sgeme inschaften ( spanisch : „ c omunidades eclesiales de base “) (to ) est ablish (to) form bilden (to) orga nise ( Br E) (to) orga nize (BrE/ AmE) oneself sich selbst organisie ren (to ) be self - help and mutual aid groups Selbst hilfegruppen sein (to) r e flec t on the Bi ble über die Bibel nachdenken (to) apply the Bi ble to one’s life die Bibel auf das eigene Leben beziehen situation die eig ene Situation anwenden → Bible st udy → Liberati on t heology Basi c tru st Basic tr ust versu s mistrust (to) tr us t ↔ (to ) mistrust the worl d der Welt traue n ↔ misstrauen (to ) distrust life dem Leben othe r peo ple anderen (to) have a basic trust in ↔ mist rust in ein Grundvert raue n/ Urvertrauen ↔ ein Grun dmisstrauen/ Urmisst rauen in die Welt haben in das Leben in an dere (to) exp erience the worl d as… die Welt als … erleben (to) see sehen …a go od and predictable place … gut en und be rechenbaren Ort …friendly … freun dli ch …indifferent … indifferent …threat ening … bedrohlich …hosti le … feindlich (to) be based on sb./sth. ↔ ulti mately unfoun ded auf/in jmdm./etw. gründ en ↔ letz tlich unbeg ründet sein 131 A gift for life (to) be a precio us gift ein kostba res Geschenk sein treasure f or l ife Schatz f ürs Leben (t o) devel op a basic trust in ↔ mist rust/ distrust in the worl d ein Grundver - trauen/ Urvertrauen ↔ ein Grundm iss - trauen /Urmiss - traue n in die Welt entwickeln (to) give sb. life in das Leben jmdm. vermitteln (to) foster othe r peo ple in an dere schaff en f ö rd e rn (to) s tre ngth en basic trust das Grun dvertrauen stärken (to ) reinforce Urvertrauen verstärken → An g st → F ait h → Hope: Hope as openness for surp rise → Psalms: Psalms o f t rust → Resilience Beatitud es (Mat the w 5:1 – 12) Magn a Carta Mag n a Carta of the New Testament die Magna Carta des Neuen Testaments Kingd om of God Charta des Reiches Gottes beatitude ↔ anti - be ati tude die Seligpreisung ↔ die Anti - Seli gpreisung coun te r - bea titud e counter beatitude (to) pr omis e the kingd om o f God das Reich Gottes verheiß en → Interte xtual refe rences → Kin gdom of God → Sermon on t he Mount (Matthew 5 – 7) Paradox ic al state men ts (to) be paradoxical paradox sein paradoxical st atements paradoxe Aussag en (to) chal lenge atti tud es Einstellungen infrage/ in F rage stellen value s Wert e appa re nt l o sers ↔ real w inners die scheinbaren Verlierer ↔ die wahr en Gewinner (to) tu rn o ut to be… sich als … herausst ellen → Paradox Blessed are... Blessed are. .. Selig sind ... Glückselig Happ y Gl ückli ch (1) . ..the poor in spirit (King James Bibl e) (1) ... die da gei stlich arm sind (Lutherbibe l 20 17 ) . ..tho se who are spirituall y need y (New International Readers Version) ... die geistlich Armen (Schlachter 2000 ) …arm sind vor G ott ( Einhei tsüberset zung ) ... tho se who know they are in sp iritual need (Easy - to - Read V ersion ) (to) be poo r before God : (to) put one 's tru st in God , no t in y ou rs elf, h uma nki nd, or materi al thing s ar m sein vor Gott: se in Ver tra uen a u f Go tt setzen, nicht auf sich selbst, den Menschen oder materielle Güter 132 (2) .. . those who mourn (Eng lish Standard Version ) (2 ) ... die da Leid tragen (Lutherbibe l 20 17 ) (3) ... t he meek (Ki ng James Bible) (3) ... die Sa nftmütigen (Lutherbibel 20 17 ) … those who are humble (4) … those who hunger and thirst aft er right eousness (Eng lish Standard Version ) (4) ... die da hungert und dürstet nach der Gerechtigkeit (Luth erbibel 201 7 ) (5) … t he mer ci ful (King James Bible) (5 ) … die Barmherzigen (Lutherbibel 20 17 ) (6) … the p ure in heart (King James Bible) (6) … die reinen Herzens sin d (Lutherbi bel 20 17 ) (7) …the peace makers (King James Bible) (7) ... die Friedfertigen (Lutherbibel 1984) … die Friedensstifter … die Frieden stiften (Lutherbibel 2 017) … those who work f or pe ace . .. die f ür de n F rieden arbeiten (8) …t hose who are persecuted fo r right eousness’ sake (Eng lish Standard Version ) (8) ... die um d er Gerechtigkeit willen verfol gt werden (Lutherbibel 2017 ) Tak en from the HO LY B IBL E: EASY -TO- READ V ERSION ©2 014 by Bible Le ague Inte rnatio nal. Used by p ermiss ion. Script ur e quotatio ns are fro m the ESV® B ible (Th e Holy Bible , English St andard Ve rsio n®) , Copyri ght © 2001 b y Cro ssway , a pu blish ing mini stry o f Goo d Ne ws Pub lishe rs. U sed by p erm ission . Scri pture tak en f rom the Holy Bi ble, NEW INTER NATIO NA L R EADER 'S VERS ION ®.Cop yri ght © 199 6, 1998 Bib lica . All rig hts re serv ed thr oug hout the world. U sed by perm ission o f Biblic a. Einhe itsü ber setz ung der H ei lig en Sch rif t © 20 16 K ath olis che B ibe lans talt, St uttg art A lle R ec hte vorbehal ten. Lutherbibel, revid ierter Text 198 4, du rchg esehe ne Ausg abe, © 1999 D euts che B ibel ges ell schaf t, Stu ttgar t . Lut herbib el, revi die rt 20 17, © 2 016 D eutsc he Bi bel ges ells chaf t, Stu ttga rt. Bibeltext der Schlachter. Copy rig ht © 2000 Genfer Bibelgesells chaft. Wiedergegeben mit f reundlicher Genehmigung. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. → Cross (t ypes): Malt ese cross → Happiness → Jesus’ mini stry: Jesus sho ws concern for the outc as t → Ki ngdo m of God → Musical set tings → Serm on on the Mount ( Matthew 5 – 7) → Values: Good, desirable, wort hwhile Becoming like chi ld ren (Matth ew 18:1 –4 ; 19 : 13 – 14 ) Child ren as mod e ls of faith and lif e (to) hold u p children as models of faith Kinder als Vor - bilder des Gl aubens hinstellen (to ) prai se Christi an life christli chen Le - bens darstel len authentic authent ischen (to) promise the kingdom o f God to children Kindern das Reich Gottes verheißen (to) receive the kingdom of God li ke children (Luke 18:17) das Reich Gottes wie ein Kind empfa nge n (t o) a ccept anneh men (Lukas 1 8,17 ) (to) embrace (to) be ope n to sich wie ein Kind für das Reich Gottes öffnen (to) be childlike ↔ childish kindlich ↔ kindisch sein trust ing ↔ distrust ful vertrauen svoll ↔ misst rauisch mist rustful natural ↔ bou nd by so cial con venti ons nat ürlich ↔ durch gesellschaft liche Kon ve nt ion en g ep rägt spont aneous ↔ self - conscio us spo nta n ↔ gehemmt in nocent ↔ cynica l unschul dig ↔ z yn i sc h 133 o p en to w ond er ↔ bl in d to won der offen für das Wunder ↔ blind f ür das Wunder (to) explore the worl d with a sense of won der staunend die W elt entdecken (t o) disco ver (to) know o neself (to be) dependent on othe rs ↔ (to) feel independent and self - dep e n den t sich von an deren abhän gig wissen ↔ sich unabhän gig und auf sich selbst ge stellt fühle n (to) l ive in t he present moment im Augenblick leben ganz in der Gegenwart (to) pla y wi thou t pur pose zweckfrei spielen (to) s peak th e tru th with out th e fe ar of soc ial con seq u en ce s ↔ ( to) be afraid of appearing stu pid ( H.C. A ndersen, The Em pero r’s New Clothes) ohne Angst vor sozialen Ko nsequenzen die Wahrheit sagen ↔ Angst haben, dumm zu erscheinen (H.C. Anderse n, Des Kaisers neue Kleider) → Basic trust → Faith → Flow → Girl with balloon (Banksy ) → Ki ngdo m of God → Mindf ulness → Natality (Hannah Arendt) → Wonde r Child ren as idealise d innocen ts (to) ideali se (Br E ) (to) idealize (B rE /Am E) children an d childhoo d Kinder und Kindheit idealisieren verklären (to) r oman ticis e (B r E) (to) r oman ticiz e (BrE/AmE) romant isieren in nocent ( adjective) unschul dig in nocent s die unschuldigen Kinder Begu in e movem ent Medieva l begui nages Beguine movement die Beginenbewegung Beguinal beguinal commu nity die Beginen - Gemein schaft die Beginengemeinschaft (to) be a wome n’s movement eine Frauenbewegung sein spirit ual refo rm geistliche Erneuerungs - bewegun g lay Laienbewegung (to) found a beguinage einen Begi ne nh o f g rü n den (to) l ive in in einem Be gine nh o f l eb en → Laity → Voluntary p overty Co ntempo rary b eguinages (to) renew Beguine cultu re die Beginenkultur erneuern (t o) re vive the culture of the Beguines wieder aufgreifen (to) adapt the culture of the Beguines to moder n time s an die Moderne anp assen für die Moderne weiterentwickeln (to) set u p a Beg uine network ein Beginen - Netzwerk gründen 134 ( set , set , se tt ing) wome n‘s housing proj ec ts Fraue nwohnpro jekt e star - ten feminist feministische Wohnprojek te (to) establ ish mult i - ge nerati on Mehrgenerationen - Woh n projekt e mult i - ge nerati onal (to) be a commi tted com munity eine verbindliche Gemeinsc haft sein in verbindlicher Gemeins chaft leben feminist - inspired feministisch inspiriert sein frauenbewegt non - de nomina tional non d en omi nati ona l nond en omi nati ona l überkon fessionell → Inte nti ona l co mmu ni tie s → Women and reli gion Belief and d oubt belie f der Gl aube die Glaube nsüberzeug ung Glaube nsanschauung Glaube nsvorstellun g Glaube nsaussage der Glaube nsinhalt Glaube nsgrundsatz belie f i n... der Glaube an ... believer der/die Gl äubige G l au be n de (to) belie ve i n... glau ben a n ... (basic) t e ne t (form al) der (grun dlegende) G lauben ssatz Glaube nsgrundsatz (grun dlegende) Lehrsat z doct rin e die Doktrin ( to ) accept Christi an/Buddhist , etc. belie f s c hristliche/ buddhistische us w. Glaube nsüberzeug ungen bejahen ( to) embrace (to) hold haben (to) be secure in one’s belie f in seinem Glauben sicher sein (to) feel sich in sei nem Glauben sicher fühlen → Apostl es’s Creed → Confe ssional document s → Creeds → Faith ↕ disbelie f der Ung laube doubt der Zweifel (to) doubt Christi an/Buddhist , etc. beliefs an christ lichen /buddhistischen usw. Gla ubensinhalten zweifeln (to) have ( one’s) doubts a bout am christ lichen/ buddhistischen usw . G l au ben (t o) be sceptica l ( Br E )/ skept ical (A mE) ab o ut dem christ lichen Glauben gegen über skept isch (eingestellt) sein (to) question christli che Glauben s - überzeug ung en/ infrage/ in F rage stelle n (to) chal lenge (to) deny le u gn en 135 (to) reject Glaube nsinhalte/ Glaube nsaussagen ablehn en scep tic ( Br E ) skeptic (AmE ) der Skeptiker/die Skeptikerin non - believer* der/die Nichtg laubende Nichtg läubige u nbeliever * der/die Ungläubige disbeliever* infidel (pejorative)) the infidel, pl (pejo rative ) die Ungläubigen (abwertend) * Note tha t n on - bel iever is a neutral term s uggest ing absence of belief. Unbel iev er and disbel iever sugg est r ejec tion of be lief or refusal to believe. T hey may be used pejoratively. → Inte r faith di al ogue : Us e “I ” s tatem en ts → Reporting verbs (beliefs and opi nions ) → Tolerance: Different beliefs Bible Script ures Old First Te st a m en t das Alte Erste Te st a m en t New Seco nd Neue Zweite Old Testament + noun a lttestamentlich alttest amentari sch (abwertend, antijudaistisch ) New Testament + noun neutestamentlich Hebrew script ures die Hebräische Bi bel Bible T a n a kh (acronym made from the first Hebrew letters of the three parts of the Hebrew Bible) der T a n a ch der T e n a ch (Akr onym aus den hebräischen Anfangsbu ch - staben der drei Teile der h ebräis chen Bibel) T hora (In struction), N eviim (Prophets), K etuvim (Writings) T ora (die Weisung), N ev iim (Propheten), K etuvi m ( Schrift en) histo rical books die Geschicht sbücher didactic Lehrbücher pro phe tic prophet ischen Prophet enbücher cano ni cal script ures kanonischen Schrift en deuterocanon ical books deuterokanonischen Bücher apocryp hal apok ryphen Apo crypha die Apokryphen (to) pu t the Bib le tog eth e r die Bibel zusammenstellen (to) compile the Bible (to) include a book in the Bible ein Buch in die Bibel aufnehmen C hristian cano n den christ lichen / jüdischen Kan on J ewish (to) regard a book as cano ni cal ein B uch als kanonisch ansehen au thor ita tiv e au torita tiv 136 maßgebend binding verbindlich useful reading nützliche Lektüre (to ) not consider t he deuterocano nical books as equal t o script ure (Martin Luther) die deuterokanonischen Bücher der heiligen Schrift nicht gleich acht en (Mart in Luther) → Antisem itism: Christ ian anti -J udaism → B ook of Job → Childhood G ospel o f Thomas → Dead Sea Scroll s → Ecclesiastes → Gospels (Ne w Testament) → Hy mn of the Pearl → Psalms : Book of Psa lms → Ref or mation : Sola scr iptur a → Song of t he Three Holy Children → Tora h → Wisdom literat ure Interpreti ve ap proa ches (interpretive) appr oa ch to th e Bi ble der Int erpretati onsansatz für die Bibel (hermeneutical) die Herangehensweise an die der (herm eneutische) A nsatz zum Verst ändnis der lens fo r the Bible der (hermeneutische) Blic k auf die die (hermeneutische) Perspektive (to) read the Bible fr om a(n) f un d am e nt a l ist per - spec - ti ve die Bibel aus fundamentalistischer Sicht lesen liberal liberaler histo rical - crit ical histo risch - kritischer feminist view - p oin t feministischer queer queerer ecologi cal ökol ogisch er postm oder n p o st - mod ern postmoderner postc olonia l postk olon ialer Marxist marxist ischer ideological einer ideologischen sich der Bibel von einem feminis tischen u sw. Standpunkt aus nähern die Bibel von ein em feministischen usw. Standp unkt aus lesen throug h a f emini st, etc. len s die Bibel durch eine feministische usw. Brille → Bible st udy → Bible t hrough da nce → Bibliodrama → Gender a nd religion → Ig nati an im a gin a t ion Women an d religion (to) take biblical verse s out o f c onte x t einzelne Bibel - ve rse aus dem Zusamm enhang rei - ßen (to) read in isolation K on t e xt ↕ (to) read biblical verse s in con text Bibelverse im Kontext lesen (to) study untersuchen und versteh en (to) put the Bible into die Bibel kontextualisieren (to) contextualise (Br E ) (to) contextualize ( BrE/AmE) the Bi ble → Hermeneutic circle → Pardes (PaRDeS) 143 Gottesverst ändnis Frage stellen/ hint erfragen → Abrahamic rel igions → Biblical patriarchs an d matriarchs → B lessing → Eid al - Adha (F east of t he Sacrifice) → Fa it h → Go d → Jerusalem: Temple Mount → Jesus’ death (interp retat ions) Bla sphe my Blasphemin g blasphe mer der G otteslästerer/die Gotteslästerin (to) speak blasphe mies Blasp hemien aussprechen (to) utt e r Gottesl ästerungen ausstoß en (to) blasph eme (a gainst) God Gott läste rn (to) insult a deity eine Gott heit beleidigen (to ) disparage schmähen herabsetze n herabwürdigen verun gl impfen (to ) disturb the peace die öffentliche Ordnung stören den öf f entlichen Frieden Blasp hemy bans (to) int roduce a/the ban on blasphe my ein/das Blasphemieverbo t einf ühren (to) impose ein/das Verbot der Gotte s - läste rung verhänge n (to) lift aufheben (to) strike down ( str uc k , st ruc k ) kippen (to) annu l (annu ll ed . an nu ll ing) annullieren (to) r ei ns tate wieder einf ühren (to ) count as blasp hemy al s Bl a sp h em ie g el t en → Religious conflict and vio len ce : Religious divisions → Religious ha tred: Offe ndi ng religious feelings → Religious j okes → Religious satire Blessi ng Blessed to be a bles sing (Genesis 1 2:1 – 3) (to) be blessed gesegnet sein a bl essing to others ein Segen für andere Abraham’s call and ble ssing (Ge nesi s 1 22:1 –3) Abrahams Be rufung un d Segnung (Genesis 12 ,1 –3) calling → Biblical p atriarchs an d matriarchs Blessin g ritu als Aaro n ic Blessing (N umbers 6:2 2 – 27) der Aaron itische Seg en Aaron’s Aaron ssegen (4. Mose 6,22 – 27) [Document text truncated for crawler view.]