आदिवासी लोकजीवन आणि लोकसंस्कृती

गावित, माहेश्वरी वीरसिंग

doi:10.5281/zenodo.17760909

आदिवासी लोकजीवन आणि लोकसंस्कृती

गावित, माहेश्वरी वीरसिंग

Publisher: Zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17760909
Repository: zenodo.org
Language: en

Abstract

सारांश :- लोकसंस्कृती म्हणजे लोकांची विशिष्ट जीवनशैली, ज्यामध्ये त्यांची परंपरा सणोत्सव,कला, संगीत,नृत्य, मौखिक साहित्य आणि सामायिक गृहितके यांचा समावेश असतो. हा एक मोठा सांस्कृतिक वारसा आहे. जो एका पिढीकडून दुसऱ्या पिढीकडे मौखिक परंपरेने संक्रमित होतो आणि लोकांमधील जगण्याची एक पद्धत दर्शवितो. लोकसंस्कृती म्हणजे लोकांच्या समूहांतील सामायिक श्रद्धा, मूल्ये आणि कला यांचा संग्रह,ज्यातून त्या समूहाची ओळख निर्माण होते आणि ती पिढ्यानपिढ्या मौखिकरित्या किंवा परंपरा व विधींच्या स्वरूपात टिकून राहते.यात संगीत, नृत्य,सणोत्सव आणि विशिष्ट प्रकारच्या कला व जीवनपद्धतींचा समावेश असतो, ते त्या समुदायाला इतरांपासून वेगळी ओळख देतात. वैश्विक मानवजातीच्या प्रारंभिक अवस्थेतील मानवी जीवनसमूह अवशेष म्हणून आदिवासींकडे बघावे लागेल.त्यांची संस्कृती ही सर्व संस्कृतींची मूलस्त्रोत आहे. म्हणून तर स्त्री-पुरुष समानता, किंबहुना स्त्रियांना प्रधान स्थान,मातृसत्ताक पद्धती,प्राणीप्रेम,सहकार्याची भावना,समूहनिष्ठा, धर्मनिरपेक्षता,स्वातंत्र्य, समता,बंधुता, न्याय,अल्पसंतुष्ट वृत्ती,माणुसकी, चराचराकडे समदृष्टीने पाहण्याची वृत्ती, निसर्गाशी घट्टपणाने टिकविलेले नाते ही लोकनिष्ठा घट्टपणे जपणारी मूल्ये या संस्कृतीत आजही तितक्याच जीवटपणे अवलंबिली जाताना दिसतात.आपल्या विधिविधानांतून,सणोत्सवांतून,दैवतविधींतून, नृत्यगाण्यांतून, संगीतातून,निसर्गाशी तादात्म्य पावून मिळणारा भूतलावरील अपरिमित निरपेक्ष आनंद त्यांच्या जीवनात ओतप्रोत भरलेला दिसतो. नागर किंवा प्रगत भागापासून दूर रानावनात,डोंगरदर्‍यांच्या आश्रयाने दुर्गम भागात राहणाऱ्या आदिवासींचे जीवन निसर्गावलंबी असणे सहाजिक आहे.निसर्ग सान्निध्यात राहत असल्याने आदिवासींची स्वतःची अशी एक संस्कृती निर्माण झालेली दिसते.आदिवासींचे भावविश्व हे निसर्गाशी एकरूप झालेले दिसते.निसर्गाशी तादात्म्यता,निसर्गाशी एकरूपता,निसर्गाशी समायोजन आणि निसर्गावर निसर्गाप्रमाणेच अकृत्रिम प्रेम आदिवासींच्या ठायी दिसते.

Full text

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 52 󰲑   󰬎 󰭈. . 󰲂 󰲓  󰲓  ,   , 󰬉. -: [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171013 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 10 (III) Pp. 52-59 October 2025 Submitted: 12 Sept. 2025 Revised: 22 Sept. 2025 Accepted: 05 Oct. 2025 Published: 31 Oct. 2025 :- , , , , , .  .   . , ,  . , , ,   . . . - , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , ,   . , .  .  . ,  , . :- , , , , . 󰭈󰬎 :- 󰲑 󰬎󰫳  󰫦    .󰲑  󰫦 . 󰫦󰱷󰬀  󰬉 󰲑󰰎 󰬎   󰬎 󰫦  󰲑.󰲑󰰎 󰲂  󰫦 󰰉  󰲑.󰲑 󰫦 󰲂 .󰫦󰲆 󰬎,-󰫤,󰰣,󰱳,󰫦,󰭅    . 󰭈󰫽 󰬎   󰬉 .     󰭈󰫽󰫤- 󰭈󰫽󰫤󰫽  .󰬎 󰲂  󰲐󰫼      .   󰬁 .    󰫯 󰬉 . Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: . . ,  , , . How to cite this article: . . . ( 2025). , Journal of Research & Development, 17 (10 (IIl), 52– 59 Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 53 󰫳 󰫳,󰫤    󰲐󰬉 .,󰫦󰱿,󰲑 󰱿,󰭈󰱿, ,󰬉,󰭑󰱮, , ,-,󰬉  󰫳  󰬎󰫽 .  󰬎 󰫽- 󰫽 󰬎  󰱿󰱇󰲒  .,   󰬎   , 󰰉   󰬉  . 󰲑   󰬎 󰲑󰰎 󰲆 󰱮,,,   󰫯 󰬍󰱘 󰲐󰫦  󰱮  󰱿󰱇 .󰫦 󰫽󰫳  󰲈  .󰫽 󰬎  󰫽󰫳  󰫼󰫳 󰱮 ,  󰫽󰫳 󰱯󰫳 󰭑󰱮 󰭈 .󰲑󰰎 󰬎 󰫽 󰭈 ,  󰫦   󰫽 󰲐 .   :- ) 󰲑 󰬎  󰲑 , 󰫽󰫳   󰫽󰫳 󰲆   󰫵  , 󰫵  󰫽  󰬎󰭃  󰫦 . ) 󰲑 󰬎󰫳  󰫦    . ) 󰲑   󰬎  󰬉   󰬎 󰫦 .  ) 󰭈󰫽 󰲑  󰬎 󰲆  , 󰫽 󰬎 󰫼  .  ) ,   󰲑󰰎󰫳 󰬎 󰫵  .  󰲑󰱯󰲆 :- ) 󰲑 󰬎 󰲑 󰱮 . ) 󰲑 󰬎  󰫦  󰬁󰬁   . ) 󰲑   󰲑 󰬎  󰬁󰬁  󰬎󰲆 .  ) 󰲑 󰬎 ,   󰬎 󰲂 󰬎󰲆 . ) 󰲑 󰬎󰬀 󰬎󰲐󰬎 󰬬 󰲐󰫦  .  󰱮 :- 󰭈󰬎  󰫤󰭃  󰱮   .󰫤󰭃  󰱮 󰬅  ,󰭈󰫽󰫤 ,󰬀󰭅,󰭃    .󰭈󰬎  󰬶   󰰩  . 󰲌,󰲌,󰲑󰫽,󰫽󰲌  󰱮󰰎    .   :- 󰫦 󰱿󰲑󰱿, 󰰌, 󰰈  󰰉 󰰁 󰲑󰰎󰫳  󰫦 .-  ,   󰫼 󰫦 󰫽󰫳 󰫦 󰫦  .󰬆   󰫦󰱇󰲒 ,󰰉,,  󰲑󰰎󰫳  󰬍  󰲑.󰬆  󰫦,,󰱳, ,󰫤, ,󰭅,󰫦,... 󰫦   .  󰲐󰱪, ,󰲆 󰫦 󰰉 󰲑󰰎    .󰫦 󰱷󰬀 󰫦       󰫽󰫳 󰭈 .󰲑  󰫦󰱿 󰫦󰱇󰲒󰫳 󰱿󰱺  󰭈  .󰬆 ,󰰦󰫦,󰫦  󰲑  󰬍󰱘 .󰲑 󰫳   .󰫽  󰰉   .󰫽  󰫽 󰫽,,󰭑󰱮,    󰰗󰲑󰭅  .󰲑 󰫳 󰫦     󰬌 .󰬆 󰲑  󰬶  󰲑 󰬎   󰬌 . 󰫦  -   󰫽󰰗󰭅   . 󰬉 󰫼 󰫤 󰫽 .󰬆   󰫽󰫳  󰫵  󰬉 .󰫽󰫳   󰫽  󰬉   󰬎  󰫦 .󰫼󰫳 󰰈  󰲑   .   ,   . 󰲑 󰬉  󰬆- $ $ Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 54 ( ,, . .  ) 󰲐󰭃   ,   , 󰫽    , 󰬀 󰫤󰬉 󰲆󰰎󰰉 󰫼  , 󰭌  󰭈󰬎   .   󰱉󰭈 󰬉 -   󰫳 󰬆 󰰉 󰭈 . 󰫽    ,  .󰫽󰫳   󰫦󰲑      󰲑 󰲓󰱮     󰬁 󰫽    󰭈 󰬆 .󰲑      󰭃   󰲑.  ' ' 󰫼󰫳 󰬉  󰭃 󰬍 󰲑. 󰭃 󰲐  󰬎    󰫽󰫳 󰫳 󰲐 󰫦 󰰌    .󰫽 󰫽 󰲗 ,󰱉,, 󰲑 ,   󰫽  󰲐, 󰫤,󰫤,, 󰰣,,,,󰫽,, ,,󰲐,󰭃,󰫽,,󰱿 󰫽   . 󰭃 󰫦 󰲑 󰭈,, 󰲆  󰫤    󰭃  .  󰫦   󰫽󰫳 󰫳  󰭃 󰰉   󰬍 󰭃 󰭈 . 󰭃 󰲌 󰰉  . 󰭃 󰲑󰰎 󰫦 󰲂 󰱿󰱇  󰲑.󰲑   󰱘    ,   - .󰭈 󰱳 󰬎󰫽  󰲌 .   󰲌 .  󰬉   󰱉 󰫦  󰲌 . 󰫽󰱮.  󰫦 .  󰬎   󰲌 .  󰭈  󰬆. 󰱉󰱮   󰲌󰬎󰮇   󰱮 .   .   󰫯 󰭈  . 󰲑 󰬎   󰬍󰱘 .󰫽󰲒  󰬆 󰫽 󰫽--.󰫽-󰫳     󰫼 󰫦 󰲑󰰎 󰫽󰫳 󰬎 󰲑 .  󰫽 󰫽,,,,,,   󰫳 󰬀  󰫽  󰭈 .   󰲗  󰬉   󰬎󰰏 󰭈 󰫦 󰫽 .   󰱿 󰫦   . 󰲑󰰎󰫳  ,,󰫽, ,,--- 󰫳    󰬶 󰲂   . , ,    󰲑.󰬉   󰬉 󰲑 .  󰫽 󰬉  󰫳  󰫽 .󰫽 󰱿 󰫦    - .    , ( , , . .  ) 󰱎 󰱞  󰲑   , 󰫳    .  󰲂  󰱿󰭈  󰬄 󰱿󰱇  . 󰫦   󰬉  󰲑   - 󰫳  󰱿󰭈  .󰲑  󰲗 󰫤󰭃 󰭑󰱮  󰫽       󰲐 󰫽 .󰫽󰫳   . 󰱮 . Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 55  󰲑󰰎    󰲒,󰫽   󰫽 󰱚 -  .󰲑󰰎󰫳  󰱋 󰫽   . 󰰗   󰱳 󰫼   󰬎󰱹 .   󰰉 ,       󰭈󰱷 󰫼 .  . 󰲆 .󰲑󰰎󰫳 󰲗 󰬉 󰫦 .󰫦 󰱇  󰫦 󰭈󰱷 󰫼 󰫽  .󰲑󰰎󰫳  󰫽  󰫳  󰫼   󰲑.󰲑󰰎󰫳 󰫽󰬉 󰬁 .󰫦 󰱇󰲒  󰬁   󰫽 󰲑.--  󰬁 󰱠 󰭃 󰫽 .󰫦:-  󰰣  󰫦   󰫼  󰫽, 󰫳  󰫽,󰰣  󰫳  󰫽,󰬉 󰲕 󰫽. 󰫽  󰲂  󰫼  󰲑 .󰬉  󰲕    .  󰫽 󰰈  󰲌 󰫦  .  . 󰫽 󰫳    .󰰀󰭈,󰰀  󰲐󰭃    .󰫳 󰫽 󰲑     󰫼 󰰈 󰫳 󰭈󰫽 󰲌󰰉  󰫾  ,  󰫽 󰭈 󰱯 . 󰲑 󰱇󰲒  󰰉  . 󰲆 󰫦  󰲌  󰲐󰭃 󰭈 󰫳       .,   󰱇󰲒  󰭈  .󰱞 󰫤󰰏 󰬆  󰱘    󰬆  .󰱉   󰬆  .-   󰱉   󰬆    󰱘     . 󰱳    󰫤  . 󰲌    󰱘 󰫯 󰭈 .󰱉󰫳 - 󰲑  󰱉  󰫽 󰭃   󰫳 󰬇   . ,,,󰲌    󰬉 󰬆 󰭈 󰫳 󰲐 󰫦 󰫾󰫦 󰫦 󰫼  󰬉   󰱘  . 󰲑 ,󰲑 󰬎,󰲑 󰫽  󰫼 󰲆    . 󰫽 󰲑󰰎 󰬎 󰲂󰫳   , 󰬁    .󰫽   󰲗  . 󰲑󰰎 󰫦 .󰰩  󰲑 󰬅  󰫽    󰲒,󰲑󰰎   󰫦󰭑 .󰲑󰰎 󰫦 󰫦 . ,󰫦,󰬎  󰭈    .󰬆 '󰰣󰬬'󰬆 󰰣   .' ' 󰬆    . '' 󰬆  ''󰬆  󰫤, '󰲑 ' 󰬆 󰫦, ' '󰬆 󰭅   .'' 󰬆  󰬉 󰬁   .'󰲓' 󰬆 , '' 󰬆 , 󰫯 󰫳 󰲐 󰬉    .  󰬆 '','  '   .'' 󰬆 󰲐󰭃, '','',󰬎','' 󰬆 󰫦   . 󰲑󰰎󰬀  󰬬  󰲑.󰬆 󰲑󰰎 󰲌   .  󰲂 󰬶 󰬎 󰲂  .,,,  󰫦 󰲆󰰎  󰬉    󰰏󰬀  . 󰬎    󰲒   󰭅 󰲑󰫼 . 󰱺󰬀    ,  󰫦  . 󰰩 󰲌 󰲑 󰬎 󰲑.󰬆,󰲑󰰎 󰫦  󰲑 󰫦      󰬌 . (,,.󰬴.  ) 󰫳 󰱳  󰫳 󰫦, 󰲆 󰫳 󰭈󰰉, 󰫳 󰭈󰰉 󰲕 -   󰱇󰲖󰫳 󰭈󰰉   󰬉 . 󰱳   󰫽     .󰫦 󰲑󰰎     󰭈 󰭈 .,,,, 󰲓,,,,    .󰬎 󰭈󰫳 󰫦  󰱇 ,󰬎,󰫽󰫦 - 󰬎 󰫦   , 󰭈 󰬁󰰍 󰭈 󰫼 󰲑   󰭈󰫽 . Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 56    󰰩  󰲑 . 󰲌󰫳  󰫳    .     .,󰫳       󰫵󰫦  . 󰬌   󰲑 .  󰬐  ,   󰫽 . 󰲑󰰎󰫳 󰱘 ,,󰰣,󰰣      󰭈 . 󰬉󰲎 󰬋-   󰱞 󰭈  . 󰲑 󰬬  󰫽 ,,󰰈   󰰣 󰭃  .󰫽 󰰣 󰫽 󰫽  .󰲆  󰫼  󰲆  . 󰲑 󰰣󰫳 󰫳   . 󰲑   󰫽󰫳 ,󰲗,󰬎   - 󰬎, 󰭃, 󰭈,       .󰫦  󰮇  .󰫳 󰲐 󰭈󰱯 󰫥 󰲑󰰎 󰬉 󰱘󰫳 󰫽 󰱿󰱇 .󰫽󰫳  󰫽󰫳 󰬎   󰱘󰫳 󰬀 󰫽-󰫽 󰫳  󰬎 󰫽󰱘 󰰉  . 󰫽 󰬉 󰫤   ,󰫽  .󰫽  󰱘 󰫽  ,  󰫽  . 󰫽 󰲆 󰭈    󰲑 󰫽 󰱘󰫳 󰫽󰬆 󰲐 .󰫽  󰫽󰫳   󰫽    󰲑 .󰬶   󰫮󰭈 󰭈 .󰬎 󰬉 󰬉  "  󰫰 󰰣  " (,,.󰬴.)  󰫼 󰭈 .󰫰 󰰏 󰬶  󰲒 󰬎󰭈 󰰣  .󰱞    󰰉 󰰣  .󰫽 󰬋- 󰲐  󰫮  󰬉 󰲕 󰫦󰫽  󰬉 "   "  󰬆 . 󰰈󰰎 󰲗  .󰫳  󰲆 󰱮 .󰫳    󰬍 . 󰬎󰫳     .󰫦:-    󰫽  󰬁  󰫵󰲈 󰬁 󰲗󰰩 󰬋   .   󰬉       󰲕 󰰉    . 󰰉 󰫳 󰲆 󰫦 .  ,  󰬎 󰫼   .   󰰉   '' 󰲕 '' . 󰫽   .󰬆    󰰁 󰱿󰱇󰲒   .     󰬉 󰫽󰫳  󰬉 .   .   󰫳 󰬬 󰲑     .󰫽  󰰉     . 󰫽    󰰩  . ,  󰰈    . 󰬉 󰫦 󰲌  󰰉 .󰫽󰫳 󰰈  .󰲌󰫳  󰬊 󰫳 󰱳 .󰰈 󰲌󰫳       󰬎 󰫼 󰭈󰱡 , 󰲌 󰫽  󰱳  . 󰫳  󰱳 .  󰰈 󰲓  󰫵 󰲌   󰲕 󰫳 󰱿󰱇 , 󰫽  . ,,󰱘  󰲆 - 󰫽 󰬄,,,󰭈 󰲗    󰰦󰫦󰫦 󰬎󰰉 󰭈󰱺 󰰉 .󰱋     󰬉 󰫽 󰭈   󰭈󰫽 . 󰭈󰫽 󰬄  󰫦 󰭈󰱺   .󰬉  󰫥 󰱿󰱇   󰲑   󰬆- ( ,, . .   ) Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 57  󰲑󰰎 󰭃󰭃,  󰲂 .󰫳  ' 󰱷'   󰫳 󰱨   󰱇󰱿 , 󰫽󰲆 . 󰭈 . 󰬆- " 󰫮󰫳 ,󰫼,󰫽 ,󰫳 󰲈󰰉   󰰉,  󰫦,-  󰫳   .  󰬬  ,󰫽 󰬎󰫦    .....  󰫳 󰫰󰰉  ...   ,󰲆  󰲑󰬉,    󰱚     󰫦  . 󰱜    󰫶    .󰬆  󰬆. 󰫦󰫳 󰰉  󰬬 󰬬󰰉 󰬆 , 󰲑󰬬󰰉 󰬆 .󰲒 .  󰭈󰫼 .󰫦󰭈 . 󰱳    󰱳󰭈  ... 󰭈󰫼 ,󰬐  󰬆 󰫦  .." ( ,,.󰬴.)  󰫦   󰬉  󰲑   󰬬 󰬬󰫳  󰱿󰭈  .󰲑  󰲗 󰫤󰭃 󰭑󰱮  󰫽       󰲐 󰫽 .󰫽󰫳   . 󰱮 . 󰬎   󰫽 󰫳 󰫳   .󰫽 󰫳  󰬎 󰫦  󰬉,󰫽 󰬎 󰲐   .󰫳 󰰈   󰬍󰱘󰫦 ,     󰲕 󰫵 󰫦   󰱿󰱇󰲖     󰫽 󰬎 󰬆 .  󰫽 󰫽 󰲆 󰫽 󰫽 󰭈 󰬉 󰬉 󰫽󰫳 󰲐  󰭈 󰱳,  󰱇󰲒 󰬍󰫳 󰱇󰲒  󰰉 󰫽 󰭃󰭈   󰱇󰲒  . 󰲆 󰭃 ,󰱮 ,󰫽   󰲕 󰫽 󰬎󰰉     ,   . 󰲆󰰎 󰬁 󰫼  󰫮 󰬉 󰭈󰫽 ,  󰲐󰬎󰫳 󰭐   󰭈 󰲐󰫦  ,󰬆 󰬎 󰬎󰰉   ,󰫽  󰭃 󰲐 .󰫦 :- ''   󰰣  󰰎 .󰲑󰰎 󰬎 󰰗󰭅.  󰲑 󰫦    - 󰰎    .   󰲌 󰬀 󰭈 .  , ,     󰱿 󰫤  󰬎, 󰬁, 󰬬 󰭈,,󰫽,   󰫤, 󰬋  󰰚 󰫤 󰱮  󰲑       󰬀  . ,  󰲑 󰫽󰬉 󰭈   󰲑. 󰰗     󰲑 .󰲑󰰎󰬀 ,  󰰎󰬀 󰰌 󰱮      󰲑  󰲑.󰲑󰰎󰬀 󰰎 ''(󰬉 󰫼 󰭈 .󰬬     󰫳 󰫤  󰫼   .󰲌 󰲗  ,󰫽 󰭈  󰲌    . 󰫦 󰰈󰭈 󰬎  󰲑  󰲌  󰰍  󰲑.,󰫳 󰫦 󰬎 󰲑󰰎󰬀 . 󰫳 󰬎 󰲗 󰭈  󰭈   .󰫦 󰫤,,,, ,  󰰱,  -    󰲆󰰎  󰰉 󰫼, 󰲕  󰫼󰫳  󰫳  󰬄  .󰫽  󰫽 󰫽󰲆  󰭃  .󰲑󰰎󰬀 󰲌    󰬉  󰫼 󰬎󰮇 󰬉    󰫽 󰫼 󰬉 󰭈  󰬆 󰲑󰬉   󰭈  󰫼 󰬉 󰭈  󰬆 . 󰭈 󰲑󰬉 󰫼  󰲌 󰬉 󰬀 . 󰲑󰰎󰫳 󰬉  󰫽 󰬎  󰲑.󰰣,,,  󰬀   󰬉 .   ,,󰫳 󰬎󰫦  ,   󰫦  .󰰀 󰲑󰰎󰬀   󰬶 .󰫳     󰰏 󰫦󰭃 .󰫳  󰫤󰫦   . 󰬎 󰬆 󰫼 - , ,,󰬎 󰫳    .  󰫦-󰭅.󰫳   󰬁  ,󰫽󰫳   󰱞 , ,  ,  󰬉  Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 58 .󰫳 - 󰲑󰰎󰫳 󰬎󰲗 󰱇󰲒 󰫦  󰬎󰲆 .   󰲑󰰎 󰭈   󰲀  . 󰫳 󰰏 ,,,    .󰫼 ,,,, 󰫳 󰰏  ,   󰫦   .󰲑 󰬉  󰱇 󰰏 ,󰫽 󰱇󰲒   󰭈    .󰱇󰫳 󰲌󰫽  󰫼 󰫽   ,   󰬍󰱘.  󰬉󰲌󰫳 󰭃    󰬋,󰲆  󰬉 󰲑󰰎 󰬉 󰫳 󰰐 󰲐 ,󰭈   󰲗󰱮       󰬎 󰭈󰱺  . 󰲑   󰬉 󰲂   .  󰬆 󰫦  󰲆 󰫳 󰫯   󰫦.󰭃 󰬋 󰬉,󰫽󰫳      ,  󰫽  .󰬉 󰫳 󰲐 󰭈 󰫥 󰲑󰰎 󰬉 󰱘󰫳 󰫽-󰱘 󰱿󰱇 .󰫽󰭈 󰭈 󰲑  󰱿󰬉    󰫦 󰬉 󰫮   .  :- 󰬎   󰲑  󰬎󰫽 󰬉 ,󰫽 󰫽 󰭈 .   󰫦     󰬍   󰬀  .󰲑󰰎 󰫦  󰫦 .󰫽󰫳   󰬉 󰲂   .  󰬆 󰫦  󰲆 󰫳 󰫯   󰫦.󰬆 󰲑    󰲗 󰬎 󰫤  󰲑󰰎 󰫦󰭑  󰬍󰱘󰫦 󰬎 󰫤  󰬌 .󰲑󰰎  󰫦󰫳 󰱷󰬀  󰫽󰫳 󰬍󰱘󰫦 󰬎  󰱮  . 󰬍󰫦 :- 1. 󰲑 󰬎 󰲑   ,󰬉   󰫦, 󰫽  󰫤 󰫱 . 2.    󰬎󰰉 󰲕 󰱠󰱠  󰬉   󰰎󰫳 󰬀 󰬎󰲐 . 3.   󰱿󰱇󰲖 󰫽󰫳     󰫽󰫳  󰭈 󰲒  󰫦 . 4. 󰲑 󰬎󰬀 ,󰫽,,  󰲆 󰫽   , 󰫽   󰫦. 5. 󰬎 󰲑  󰫦 󰫼   󰫦󰫦  󰫼, 󰬎  󰫼 󰲆 󰫦  . 6. 󰲑󰰎 󰫦 󰫦  󰫦󰭑 󰬎 󰬍󰱘󰫦 . 7. 󰲑  󰫽󰫳 󰬎  󰬊   . 8. 󰲑  󰲈 󰰍 . 9. 󰭈󰫽 󰲑  󰬎 󰬎󰭃  . 10.     󰱆  .󰲆 󰭈, 󰲆   󰲆  󰫳   .  󰭋 ,󰬎 ,  󰬎 󰬎󰫽  󰲀 󰬎󰰉 . 11. ,󰫽,󰬁󰭈  󰭈  󰫦 󰫦 󰰣󰬬,,,  , 󰬁󰭈,󰫦,󰭅, 󰫳 󰲀 󰬎󰰉  󰬎󰫦  . 12. 󰰉,,󰫦󰬅  󰭈 󰲐󰫦󰫳   󰲐 󰫼 󰭈󰱡 . 13. 󰬁󰭈,󰭈,󰲗󰭈, 󰱿,󰬁-󰭈   󰲀 󰰉,󰲀 ,󰲀  󰫽-󰫽  󰲕   󰬎󰰉,   .  󰬌 . 󰬬    󰫽󰰩 󰫤 󰲑󰬉 .󰫽 󰰎󰫦  󰬉 . 14.   󰲐    󰭃󰫾󰫦 . 15. 󰫦    ,󰲒,󰬎 󰲐󰫦󰬀   󰫼  Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 59 . 󰫦 :- 1. 󰲑 ,.. 󰲓 ,󰬁󰬁 󰭈, ,󰭈󰰌  2. 󰲇 󰲑  󰫽:  ,.󰲂 , 󰬎 󰭅   󰭈,,󰭈󰰌  3. ,󰬎,   󰲑 󰫽  ,   󰭈 ,󰬀󰫤 ,..󰲂 ,  󰲑  󰲐, 󰲑󰬉  󰲑 󰫽  󰬎  󰲇,󰭈 4. 󰲑 ,.󰲂 ,󰬁 󰭈,,󰭈󰰌 󰫦  5. 󰲑󰰎  ,..󰲓 ,󰭑󰱳 󰭈,, 󰭈󰰌 󰭈  6.  󰰣 ,. ,󰲇 󰫵 󰫽  󰬎 ,,󰭈󰰌  