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तंजावर मराठा शासकांचे सामाजिक योगदान : एक ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन

शिंगणे, अमितकुमार गणेश

Abstract

सारांश : तंजावरमधील मराठा शासक (सुमारे 1675-1855) हे राजकीय आणि लष्करी दृष्ट्या मर्यादित असले तरी, सामाजिक आणि सांस्कृतिक दृष्ट्या अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण ठरले. या शोधनिबंधात तंजावरच्या भोसले राजघराण्याच्या सामाजिक योगदानाचा सखोल अभ्यास करण्यात आला आहे. या शासकांनी प्रशासकीय व्यवस्था सांभाळून कला, साहित्य, शिक्षण आणि सार्वजनिक कल्याणाच्या क्षेत्रात दूरगामी परिणाम करणारे कार्य केले. या शोधनिबंधाचा मुख्य युक्तिवाद म्हणजे, तंजावरच्या मराठा शासकांचा खरा वारसा त्यांच्या लष्करी विजयांमध्ये नसून, त्यांनी घडवून आणलेल्या अद्वितीय सांस्कृतिक संगमात आणि ज्ञान-आधारित समाजाच्या निर्मितीमध्ये आहे. सरफोजी राजे (दुसरे) यांच्या कारकिर्दीत या कार्याला विशेष गती मिळाली. त्यांनी सरस्वती महाल ग्रंथालयाला जागतिक दर्जाचे ज्ञानकेंद्र बनवले, पाश्चात्य आणि भारतीय ज्ञानप्रणालीत समन्वय साधण्याचा प्रयत्न केला, शिक्षण आणि सार्वजनिक आरोग्यासाठी अनेक कल्याणकारी योजना राबवल्या. प्रशासकीय धोरणे, सामाजिक संरचनेतील बदल, कला-संस्कृतीला दिलेले अभूतपूर्व प्रोत्साहन आणि नागरी सुविधांच्या विकासातून या शासकांनी तंजावरला दक्षिण भारतातील एक प्रमुख सांस्कृतिक केंद्र म्हणून स्थापित केले, ज्याचा प्रभाव आजही टिकून आहे.

Full text

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 178      :   󰬀   󰲓 ... 󰫸󰫦  󰫦   . .  - amitshin[email protected]m Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171042 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 10 (III) Pp. 178-182 October 2025 Submitted: 22 Sept. 2025 Revised: 27 Sept. 2025 Accepted: 20 Oct. 2025 Published: 31 Oct. 2025  :    ( 1675-1855)  󰲒  󰬍 󰬍󰱘 󰫦󰲑  ,   󰬎 󰬍󰱘 󰫽 󰰍󰫦 .   󰫳  󰫼󰫳    󰬅 󰫼  .   󰭈󰲒 󰱿󰬎  , 󰫽, 󰫤  󰫦 󰬉󰫳 󰫤󰭃  󰲐  󰫦 .   󰫯 󰱇 󰬆, 󰫳     󰫽󰫳 󰬍 󰬀 , 󰫽  󰬉 󰱨 󰬎   󰫥-󰲐 󰫳 󰲗󰫦󰬀 .   () 󰫳 󰲑󰰏  󰫦   . 󰫽 󰬎  󰬶  󰫦 󰫥󰰗󰭅 , 󰲀󰫽   󰫥󰭈 󰬁 󰫼 󰭈󰱡 , 󰫤  󰫦 󰫰  󰬉  󰬉. 󰭈󰲒 ,   , -󰬎 󰲑 󰫦 󰭈󰫽   󰫳     󰫤   󰭈 󰬎 󰰗󰭅 󰬆 󰬎 , 󰫵 󰭈  󰲐 . 󰫯 󰬄 :  ,  ,   ,  , 󰬎  󰬶, 󰫦 , 󰱘,  󰭃, 󰫦 󰬉, 󰬎 . 󰭈󰬎 :  󰫳    󰭌󰫵    󰰍󰫦   . 󰭃   󰬎  󰬎󰫵  󰭌󰫵 󰬎   󰭈󰫯 󰲇  󰰌 󰫳 󰲒 󰰎 󰰗󰲑󰭅  .  󰱿 , 󰫤    󰬎󰬍󰱘 󰫽 󰱮  󰫳  󰫳   󰫦󰫤 . 󰲇   ,  󰫳  󰬬,  󰱷   󰬎   180 󰰘 󰲐   󰫵 󰬆    󰱨 󰬎 󰫦 . Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence:   󰲓 , ... 󰫸󰫦  󰫦   . . How to cite this article:   󰲓 . ( 2025) .      :   󰬀 , Journal of Research & Development, 17 (10 (IIl), 178 – 182. Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 179  󰭌󰫵  󰬅 󰬁 󰬍 󰬴  󰲒 󰰎  󰰍 󰲑 .  󰲆 󰫳 󰱚  󰫦󰲑 . , 󰫽  󰰍 󰫽󰫳 󰲒 󰫾󰫦󰫤 󰫽󰫳   󰬎 󰫦󰬀   󰰈 .  󰬋 󰭊󰲐󰫳  󰫽 󰲒   , 󰬋    󰫦 󰫦 󰫥,   󰬉 .   () 󰫳󰫯 󰭅󰬍󰱘  󰬎  󰬶  󰫦 󰫥󰰗󰭅 ,  󰰉 ,  󰫤󰱮   󰫦 󰫰 󰫦 󰫦 . 󰬍󰱘 󰲇  󰬉 󰫳       󰬎 󰭑 󰬆  󰬎󰫦 , 󰫽  󰫤 󰫳 -󰬎  󰲑 󰰍󰫦   󰬶  󰭈󰬎  󰫼  . 󰲑󰱯󰲆 : 1.   󰫳 󰭈󰲒     󰬎 󰲐 . 2. , 󰫽,   󰫽  󰫤󰭃 󰫽󰫳   󰭑󰫽󰫳  󰬎 󰲄 . 3.   () 󰫳 󰲑󰰏 󰬉 󰫤, 󰫥  󰫦 󰬉 󰰩  󰬉 . 4. 󰬀 󰰌  ()  󰫤  (, ) 󰬎󰫳  󰫦 󰬉 󰱨 󰬎  󰬎󰰉 󰬎󰲆 .  : 1. 󰫳    󰲒 󰱇󰲒 󰫦󰲑 󰬉  󰫤   󰬎  , 󰫵 󰫽   󰬎 . 2. 󰬎  󰬶    󰫥󰬶 󰭈󰬉 󰬋,   󰲀󰫽   󰫥󰭈󰰎󰬀 󰬁 󰫼  󰫦  󰭈󰱡 . 3.  󰫳 󰭑   󰲒 󰰗󰭅 󰫤    󰬎 󰫦 󰰍 󰰗󰭅 , 󰫵 󰭈 󰫳 󰲌  󰲑 󰲑 .  󰱮 :   -󰲄󰫽  󰱮  󰫼  .   󰭈  󰬇  󰬁 󰭈󰫳 󰭓   .  󰫽 : 󰫳  󰫳   󰬅   󰰍󰫦 .      󰱿   󰲆 󰫼  . 󰲇,  󰫤,  󰰌 󰬎󰰉  󰬍  -󰰗󰲑󰭅     󰬎   󰭈 . 󰫤 󰫳 󰭑 󰬎 󰫳 󰲗󰫦󰬀      󰫼   󰬌 .   󰫵 '󰲌'  󰬆 ,  󰲒 󰱘  󰫦  , 󰫽󰫳   󰫦 󰫳     . 󰬎  󰬶󰫯 󰬎     ()   󰫦 󰬉 󰬴  󰫦  󰫥 󰱿󰬎, 󰫤   󰭈 󰫽󰲆  .   󰬅 󰫦   󰬎  󰭈 󰰉 . Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 180   : 󰱿 󰫳 󰬀󰰩, 󰫤   󰭌󰫵󰫳  󰫦 󰬉  󰫵󰬀 󰰌󰫦 󰭐  .      󰭈  󰫵   󰫦  , 󰫵 󰫳  󰭈 󰲒 󰬎 󰫦  .  󰫳      󰫼 󰫳 󰲑  .  󰲂󰫦, 󰫳  󰲎 󰬎󰫤  ,   󰰌󰫳 󰬎 󰫦 .   󰲑     󰫼 󰬉 󰬴  󰱿 ()   󰫤 . 󰱿  󰭃  󰭃   󰭃    󰫳  󰱿󰬎  . 󰫽 󰬉 󰬍 󰬉   󰰉   .   󰭈 󰲒   󰬎  󰬎󰭃  󰬆  . .. 1676 󰬀 󰫽   󰰁      󰫼󰫳   . 󰭈󰲒    󰲐󰫦 : 󰫳      󰬉 󰭈󰲒      , 󰫽 󰬉    󰬉. 󰫽  󰱿󰲐  󰫦󰫤 󰭈 󰱿󰬎 󰫦 ,  󰬎    󰭈󰲒 󰱮  󰬁 .   󰫵 󰰤󰱍 󰭈  󰫽 󰬉 󰫼  󰭃 󰲐 . 󰫵 󰭈󰲒  '', ''  ''  󰫽 󰬴   . 󰫦 󰫵  󰭈 󰬅󰬀    󰬆 󰫸󰱖,  ( ), , 󰱷  󰰈.  󰭈󰲒        󰱿󰬎   .   󰬎  󰬬 󰭈 󰰍󰫳  󰲑󰬉.  󰬎     󰬁  󰫳  󰬆  , 󰫵 󰭈󰲒      󰬎   󰲂 .  󰫵 󰫦󰱿󰬎 󰭈󰫯   .  󰫳  󰬬    󰭈 󰫯  .        󰭈   . '' 󰲕 '󰱖' 󰫳 󰬎 󰫦 󰫳 󰰉     .  󰱮 󰬎  󰲐 󰬉 󰫽   󰬎, 󰫵   󰫽 󰰁  󰫮  . ,   󰬉 󰬉     ,   󰱨 '' () 󰬆  󰲑󰬉.      󰫦 󰫦 ,   󰲈 .   󰫦 󰫵󰫳   󰲗󰫦    .       󰬬    - ,   󰭈   󰫦 .     󰬎󰫦 . 󰫽 󰬎 󰭈󰲒     󰲂    󰫽       󰲈 󰬎  .  󰲗󰫦 󰬎󰫦  , 󰫽  󰫦 󰬉 󰱚 󰭈 󰫦 󰰉 .   󰫳   󰰍󰫦  . 󰫽 󰱳 -󰲐   ,  󰫽   . 󰭊󰲍  󰰏󰭈  󰱍 󰬎 .   󰬉, 󰱨  󰲑 󰱿󰬎 󰬆 󰫦 .   󰭊󰲍  󰲑 󰱚 󰭈   󰫰 󰲑󰬉, 󰫵 󰫽   󰲗󰫦 󰰍 󰲐 . 󰫳    󰱍󰭋,  -   󰭊󰲍 󰱨    -󰬎󰫽 . 󰫽  󰫦  󰬁  , 󰫵 󰫵   󰬎󰫦 󰲐 . Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 181 󰫥,   󰬎 󰫦 : 󰫳   󰫦 󰬎  󰬆 󰬎  󰬶 .  󰬶 󰬎 󰱿     ,  󰫽   󰫦󰫳 󰫥󰰗󰭅 󰰉󰲐 󰫼 󰭑  ,    ()  .  󰬶   󰫦 󰬁 󰬶󰲒   .  󰬀 󰫳 󰱮   󰬎 .    󰬶  󰫼 󰫦󰲑  , 󰫽 󰫥   󰰗󰭅 . 󰫽    󰬎  󰬶  󰰉  󰬶 󰱮 . 󰫳   󰫵 󰲒 󰬎󰫦 󰲑. 󰫽 󰫤    󰬎 󰫦  󰰗󰭅 .     󰫦  󰫦  .  󰬎      .   󰫵 '󰱘' 󰬆 , 󰫽 󰲌 󰫽󰫳   󰫦 󰫳     . 󰰏 '󰲑' 󰲕 '󰱖' 󰬆 󰬉 󰬬   󰫽 󰱮 󰬎󰰉 󰫼 󰭑 󰱷󰬇, 󰱷󰬇,       󰲑 ,  ' ' 󰬆 󰭈󰱮 .     ()   ()  󰭑  . 󰫽 󰱘󰫳 󰬀󰫳 '󰫦' 󰲕 󰫳 󰬴 (󰲐, 󰬎, 󰬄, 󰫦, , 󰬉)  . ,   '󰫤'   󰫽-󰱘  󰭈󰫽 󰲑.  󰱘󰭈 , , 󰬎  󰲓    󰰉 󰫽 󰰀 󰬎󰰉 󰲑. 󰰁  󰫤     .   ()  '󰰗󰭅 '  󰫽-󰱘   󰲇 󰰣,  󰫯  󰭈 󰬀  , 󰫵   󰰌   󰫽   . ' 󰭃'  󰭈󰱮   󰫳  󰬬 󰫦   󰭈󰫳  .  󰭃 󰬍󰱘 󰬆 󰫽 󰬁 󰫦, 󰬉   󰫳 󰫼  󰰉 󰭃    󰬎 󰬎󰰉 󰲑 .  󰭃  󰭈󰫯 󰲓 -    󰲐 .    󰭃 󰱚 󰭈 󰭑 󰲑, 󰫵    . 󰫦 󰬉    : 󰫳  ,    ()  󰬁 󰫳 󰬉       󰬉. 󰫽  󰫦 󰫽󰫳 '󰫦'  󰰈 󰫦 . 󰫽 󰭃󰰉, 󰭈  󰲐 󰫵 '󰭃' (󰫦)  󰱷󰭃  󰬎  󰫦 .  󰭃  󰬬    󰬋,     󰬎 󰰗󰭅  .  󰲐 󰭈      .  󰭃   󰰈󰫰  ,   󰫤  󰱳󰲒  󰲑  .  󰭃󰬀 󰫳 󰫼  󰫽󰫳     , 󰫵  󰭈  .  󰭃 󰱿󰬎 󰬆 󰫽   󰭈  󰫤 󰭈 ,  󰫵󰫳   󰫦. Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 182    󰫳  󰬀 󰬴  󰬉. 󰫽 󰫳 󰱚  󰱚 󰫼󰫳 󰫮    󰬉. 󰫽 󰫦 󰬉 󰫦 󰬆 󰫦   󰫽     . 󰫽   󰭈 󰫽   󰫦   󰫽󰫳 󰲆  󰭃󰲒 󰬉 󰭈 .    󰬎󰫳  󰫦 󰫰   . 󰬎  󰬶       󰭃 󰬄 .   󰫦 󰫰  󰰍 󰲑. 󰫽 '󰬁 '   󰱨 󰱳󰲒  󰬎 󰬎 .  󰬎   󰭅󰱿  󰰉   󰭈󰫼     .  󰬎 󰰈󰫰     󰫽󰫳 ,   󰲐 󰬎 󰰣   .  󰭃  󰬄 ,  󰫽 󰱳󰲒   󰬉  . 󰬁     󰲀󰫽 󰱳󰲒 󰫥󰫳 󰬁  󰫽󰲆  ,   󰫳 󰫥 󰲆 󰫤 . 󰬍󰫦 : 󰫳  󰫵 󰬎  󰲎 󰬴󰫤 󰬎  󰲐 .     󰰈 󰬎    󰬎  󰫼  󰬎. 󰫽   󰭈󰲒  󰬎     󰫽  󰬎    󰱨 󰭑 󰬎 󰬁 󰲑. 󰫽󰫳  󰫦  󰫦 󰭈󰱺 , '󰲑' 󰫽 '󰱘' 󰬀 󰰉   ' 󰭃'  . 󰫽 󰰀 󰫽  󰱘 󰭈󰫽   󰫤  󰫦 󰰍 󰬎 󰰗󰭅 .   ()  󰬎  󰬶  .  󰰉    󰫤 󰬬   󰫥 󰭈 󰫦󰬁󰰩 .    󰫤 󰫦 󰬉 . 󰭃 ,      '󰬁 '  󰱳󰲒  󰬎  󰬴  󰫽 '󰫦'  󰬉  ,  󰫦 󰲑. 󰫽 󰱮  󰲒,    󰫽󰫳 󰭈󰫳 󰬉 . 󰫮, 󰫳   󰫦󰲑 󰲒 󰫾󰫦󰫳 󰲐󰬎   󰬎 󰫳      󰫦 . 󰫽 󰲒, 󰬁  󰬉  󰰍 󰲐  󰫦 󰱿󰬎 . 󰫽 󰫵     ,  󰬎   󰭈 󰬉    󰬀   . 󰫦 󰬶  : 1. Iyer, S., - Music and Dance in Thanjavur Maratha Period, Sarada Publications, 2013. 2. Krishnan, V., - Educational Reforms in South India, University of Madras Press, 2003. 3. Nair, S. P., - Education and the Colonial Context in South India, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2012. 4. Peterson, I. V., - The Schools of Serfoji II of Tanjore : Education and Princely Modernity in Early 19th-Century India, In Dodson, M. & Hatcher, B. (Eds.), Transcolonial Modernities in South Asia, Routledge, 2012. 5. Rao, V. N., - Manuscripts and Cultural Heritage of Thanjavur, Saraswati Mahal Library Archives, 1995. 6. Sharma, R. K., - Indian Education in the Colonial Period, Himalaya Publishing House, 2012. 7. Venkatesan, T., - Thanjavur Maratha Drama and Literature, Tamil University Press, 2007.