Papaverodinia, a new genus with three new species from the north and northeast of Brazil collected in the canopy (Diptera: Odiniidae)

171 European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1026.3115 europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu ISSN 2118-9773 2025 · Tôrres A. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) Received: 28 January 2025 • Accepted: 16 September 2025 • Published: 19 November 2025 Topic editor: Tony Robillard • Section editor: Torbjørn Ekrem • Desk editor: Eva-Maria Levermann Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C72EFAC6-551D-4F94-A005-A842077595B6 Papaverodinia, a new genus with three new species from the north and northeast of Brazil collected in the canopy (Diptera: Odiniidae) Alice TÔRRES 1  , José A. RAFAEL 2  , Stephen D. GAIMARI 3  & Francisco LIMEIRA-DE-OLIVEIRA 4,*   1 PhD Student at PPG BioNorte, CoE-Maranhão, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA), Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados (LEI), 65604-380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. 3 The Dipterists Society, P.O. Box 231113, Sacramento, California 95823, USA. 4 Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão (CZMA), Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados (LEI), 65604–380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. 65604-380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected].br 3 Email: [email protected]g Abstract. Papaverodinia gen. nov. (Odiniidae: Traginopinae) is described from Brazil, with three new species, P. chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. (type species) (from Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará and Piauí), P. canalesi gen. et sp. nov. (from Ceará and Maranhão) and P. willkeniae gen. et sp. nov. (from Amazonas). The genus is characterized by a unique combination of diagnostic features: body predominantly brown to black; lunule arched with central black pubescent spot; scutellum with several marginal setulae; posterior intra-alar setae present; male tergite 6 absent; epandrium about 3.5 × as short as high; inner surstylus thin and positioned below the outer surstylus; outer surstylus enormously dilated at the distal end. Keywords. Acalyptratae, Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado Forest, Opomyzoidea. Tôrres A., Rafael J.A., Gaimari S.D. & Limeira-de-Oliveira F. 2025. Papaverodinia, a new genus with three new species from the north and northeast of Brazil collected in the canopy (Diptera: Odiniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.1026.3115 Introduction Despite being a small family, the Odiniidae Hendel, 1920 have been the focus of recent research, especially in the Neotropics. The odiniid fauna has seen a remarkable increase of 30% since the European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 172 beginning of the 21st century, with the addition of six genera and almost 30 species. This progress has greatly increased our understanding of the species richness of the family. However, there is still much diversity in this family to be described. Currently, the family comprises 81 valid species distributed in 18 genera and two subfamilies, Odiniinae Hendel, 1920 and Traginopinae Hennig, 1965 (Tôrres et al. 2024). The Neotropics have a more remarkable diversity, with 38 species in 12 genera; 33 species in 10 of these genera occurring in South America, and 24 species in nine genera occurring in Brazil (Gaimari & Mathis 2011; Tôrres et al. 2024; Limeira-de-Oliveira & Tôrres 2024). InBrazil,manygeneraandspeciesofodiniidshavebeenfoundinthelastfiveyears.Somewererecently described (e.g., Inpauema Limeira-de-Oliveira, Marques, Reis & Rafael, 2017; Pauximyia Limeira-deOliveira, Marques, Gaimari & Rafael, 2020b), but the majority are currently in the process of being described. Much of the success in collecting new odiniid species resulted from sampling the canopy fauna in Central Amazonia, as described in Rafael et al. (2020). Odiniids have always seemed very rare in nature, as they are not easily collected using traditional methods most frequently used by entomologists, such as entomological nets, Malaise traps (such asthemodelsofGressitt&Gressitt(1962)andTownes(1972))andotherinterceptionflighttraps, suspended traps (Rafael & Gorayeb 1982), light traps, and baits; this explains the fact that they are poorly represented in collections. However, while the absence or low representation of odiniids in collections may result from using the wrong collecting method, the scarcity may also be due to the lack of knowledge of the habitat where they occur in nature. A previously poorly known habitat for odiniids has been found to be the forest canopy, including forests with low trees (such as Caatinga and / or Cerrado) or forests composed of tall trees (such as Amazon Rainforest and/or Gallery Forests). In those habitats, they are only occasionally captured in the forests’ lower strata or the understory. In the early 1990s, occasional odiniid records were reported in the forest canopy (Stork 1991; Krüger & McGavin 1998; Tschirnhaus 2008; Barkeley 2009). However, in the last seven years, with the use of different methods (baited traps and Malaise traps (such as model Gressitt & Gressitt 1962, installed in the canopy), odiniids have become well documented in the Neotropical Region. The success in capturing specimens in the canopy appears independent of the supporting tree species (Tôrres et al.2021,2024);thespecificassociation with any odiniid species with a particular plant species is entirely unknown. Carles-Tolrá (1996) reported the capture of Odinia spp. and Traginops spp. with baited traps (in most cases, with yeast), Carles-Tolrá et al. (1993) also mentioned the capture of Odinia trinotata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (as maculata (Meigen, 1830)) with traps baited with vinegar in Spain; in recent years Parchami-Araghi et al. (2018) collected Odinia meijerei Collin, 1952 and Turanodinia graciosa Krivosheina & Krivosheina, 1996 using flightinterceptiontrapsandtrapsbaitedwithrottingfruitinIran. Since then, we have found that at least some odinids swarm in the canopy at different heights or strata of forests; this claim has been supported by numerous collections using appropriate methods, for example, Malaise traps (Limeira-de-Oliveira et al. 2020a) and traps baited with vinegar and ethanol solution (80 + 20%) (Tôrres et al. 2021, 2024). In addition to these methods, studies have been carried out in different vertical strata with tremendous success in canopy collecting. In seven years of collections with traps baited with a vinegar + ethanol solution (80 + 20%) installed 2 m above the ground, only one genus, Paratraginops Hendel, 1917, was collected exclusively in the lower stratum of the forest or understory, although at low density. As a result of the combined use of these methods and, in particular, the use of the baited traps with the solution mentioned above, extraordinary results were achieved with around 12000 specimens of various genera and species, currently being more fully analysed and described. These results suggest that many odiniids are attracted to rotten fruits, yeasts and exudates from the trunks of some botanical species, given that the odors of alcohol and vinegar are typical products of the fermentation process. TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 173 The species of the new genus described here are homogeneous in most respects, with differences evident mostly in the male genitalia, particularly in the form of the outer and inner surstyli, subepandrial sclerites, pregonite curvature, and cerci. Material and methods This study is based on the examination of specimens from the Brazilian Amazon, Atlantic, Caatinga and Cerrado biomes in the states of Amazonas, Ceará, Pará, Piauí and Maranhão. The specimens were collectedwithmodifiedfly-trappingbottlesbaitedwithabout350mlofredwinevinegar+ethanol solution, installed in the vegetation canopy. We installed these traps using a ‘big shot notch’ which allows us to place our vials (traps) in the treetops, regardless of the hight of the tree. They are housed in the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil (CZMA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA), Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNRJ), Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP) and California State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, California, USA (CSCA). In all methods used to capture odiniids (baited traps or Malaise traps), upon the specimens entering the collecting jars, they are preserved in ethanol. The specimens were dehydrated using the rapid drying method, which consists of using amyl acetate (bananaoil)modifiedbyAustin&Dillon(1997),DalMolin(2018),PérezBenavideset al. (2023) and Rafael et al. (2023). After collection, the specimens are subjected to a dehydration protocol consisting of the following steps: (i) specimens are removed from alcohol and placed on paper towels for a few seconds to remove excess liquid; (ii) specimens are placed in ice cube trays and submerged in amyl acetate (banana oil); (iii) specimens are taken to a bacteriological incubator, previously heated to 45°C (fast process) or they are kept at room temperature (slow process) until they are entirely dehydrated. Using this method, specimens retain their morphological characteristics without alteration, as if they had been collected and mounted immediately after capture. Once this stage is completed, specimens are point-mounted and labelled. General morphological terminology follows Cumming & Wood (2017). Body length was measured by adding the length of the head (without antennae) through the thorax to the abdominal length, to account for differential curling of the abdomens. The apex of the abdomen was removed and macerated in hot (150°C) 85% lactic acid for approximately 25 minutes. After maceration, the pieces were rinsed in distilled water, and then further dissected and examined in glycerin in excavated slides. After analysis, the pieces were placed in a microvial containing glycerin,whichwasfixedonthepinofthecorrespondingspecimen. Each photograph of external morphology was made using a Zeiss®Discovery V12 stereo microscope, coupled with a 1.4 megapixel AxionCan ICc1 digital camera, and the Zen®2012 program was used to combine serial images to form a single fully focused image. For photographs of the internal morphology, a Zeiss®Scope A1 compound microscope was used with the same camera with the AxioVision program ver. 4.8.2, and the CombineZP program was used to combine serial images into a single image. Plates were assembled in CorelDRAW 2021. The label data of the material examined are provided “ipsis litteris” in the holotypes and paratypes. Abbreviations and symbols were used in the citation of the material examined and, when the coordinates, locality, altitude, method and / or collectors are coincident, the terms “same data as for holotype” and / or “same data as for preceding” were used. The names of the Brazilian states are written in bold, from west European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 174 to east and from north to south, while the municipalities are listed in alphabetical order. Additional data not found on the specimen labels (such as the completion of the abbreviations, for example) are added in square brackets. The "mts" is the height at which the trap was installed in relation to the ground (installed with using a ‘big shot notch’).The ordering of the label data follows the regulations of this journal. The depository institution of the holotypes and / or paratypes is indicated immediately after the citation of the specimen label data. The abbreviation “FLO” followed by any number means the specimen’s registration code (for example, “FLO 0987”). Abbreviations for measurements a.s.l. = above sea level FL =fronslength,anteriorview(distancefromthetopofptilinialfissuretotheanteriorocellus) FW = frons width, anterior view (distance between inner margins of compound eyes at the level of the anterior ocellus) HW = head width, anterior view (distance between outer margins of the compound eyes measured at the widest part) HH = head height, lateral view (distance from the ventral margin of the gena to the dorsal margin of the head) HL = head length, lateral view (distance from the lunule to the postcranium) WL = wing length (distance from the base to the apex) WW = wing width (distance from costal to anal borders measured at the widest level, generally around the apex vein CuA1) (Limeira-de-Oliveira et al. 2017). Results Taxonomy Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758 Family Odiniidae Hendel, 1920 Subfamily Traginopinae Hennig, 1965 Genus Papaverodinia gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47DE34D1-0ED0-4950-8924-99031FCF1B9F Figs 1–81 Type species Papaverodinia chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov., by present designation. Diagnosis Body predominantly brown to black; head higher than long and wider than high; gena broad; postocellar setae stout; frons wider than high, with lateral edges slightly converging ventrally and usually converging dorsally; lunule arched with respective spot black pubescent; dorsocentral setae 1 + 3; prescutellar acrostichal seta absent; prescutellum absent; scutellum with 2 to 7 setulae on the posterior margin, between the lateral and apical scutellar macrosetae; wing hyaline, vein C extended to vein M1; costal spinules extended to apex of vein R2+3; tergite 6 absent, sternite 6 present; epandrium very short, about 3.5 × as short as high; inner surstylus thin and positioned under the outer surstylus; outer surstylus enormously dilated at the distal end and gonocoxal apodeme capsulated. TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 175 Etymology Named after the Brazilian dipterist, naturalist and historian, Nelson Papavero, adding the genus name Odinia. Gender feminine. Description Male Head (Figs 1–4, 25–28, 48–51). Height 1.6–1.8 × length and 1.2 × as wide as high. Eye slightly longer than high. Postocellar setae strong and long, as strong as but slightly shorter than ocellar setae, divergent. Ocellar triangle dark gray pruinose, setulose, with two rows of slightly stronger setulae, diverging, located between and behind posterior ocelli to postocellar setae; posterior ocelli slightly closer together than distance between anterior and posterior ocelli; ocellar setae stout, originating very close together, in line between anterior and a posterior ocellar seta. Inner and outer vertical setae present, stout. Postcranium slightly concave in dorsal view. Frons 1.3–1.4 × as wide as long. Fronto-orbital plate either entirely yellow or with narrow strip of yellow only along its outer edge; with very short, sparse setulae; with 3 pairs fronto-orbital setae, 1st pair inclinate and 2nd and 3rd pairs reclinate, 1st pair originated at or above dorsal margin of lunule, 2 nd pair originated closer to 1 st than to 3 rd pair, 3 rd pair originated below, at or above level of anterior ocellus (P. canalesi gen. et sp. nov., P. chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. and P. willkeniae gen. et sp. nov., respectively). All macrosetae with oblong alveolae slightly raised, margins darkened. Lunule 0.1–0.2 mm high, arched; 0.3–0.4 × height or length of frons; yellow to dark yellow, yellowish-gray pruinose except for brown spot. Antenna predominantly brown, exceptforpostpedicelproximal⅓,sometimes,entirelyyellow-orange,aristpredominantlydarkbrown to black; arist progressively feathery, with short rays. Face dark yellow to light brown, yellowish-gray pruinose except in dark brown antennal grooves. Oral vibrissa stout, with 2 subvibrissal setae, externally flankedbyseveralshortsetulae.Genalgroovebroad,smooth,reddish-brown.Genabroad,reddish-brown with yellow-orange pruinose, with short brown setae and brown alveolae; with slightly stronger seta facing upturned. Clypeus dark brown to black, subshiny, brownish-gray sparse pruinose. Palpus clavate, predominantly brown except for yellowish proximal and distal ends, brown pruinose, yellowish-gray on proximal and distal ends, brown setae, some slightly longer on ventral surface and distal end. Prementum and labellum light brown to brown, with short, colored setulae. THorax (Figs 1–2, 5, 25–26, 29, 48–49, 52). Mesonotum and scutellum predominantly brown to black, pruinose predominantly dark greenish-gray to brown. All macrosetae with alveolae slightly oblong and slightly raised, margins darkened. Chaetotaxy: 1 + 3 dorsocentrals (two posteriormost postsutural dorsocentral setae, strongest), prescutellar acrostical absent, 1 postpronotal (along with a few setulae), 1 presutural intra-alar, 1 postsutural intra-alar, 2 notopleural (anterior setae slightly longer and strongest), 2 supra-alars (longer and stronger posterior, as long and strong as anterior postalar), 2 postalars (longer and strongest anterior setae, as long and strong as posterior postalar setae, and 2 additional minute setulae between them). Prescutellum absent. Scutellum concolorous with scutum, with sparse light brown to dark brown pruinosity; with two pairs of macrosetae, proximal pair slightly shorter and weaker than apical pair; scutellar disc with some small scattered setulae, with cluster of 3 or more setulae located between proximal and apical pairs of scutellar macrosetae. Pleuron light brown to black, with sparse brownishgray pruinosity, denser on proepisternum and around anterior spiracle; pleura above katepisternum without setae or setulae, except for 1 propleural seta. Katepisternum with 3 stout setae along dorsal edge, in addition to some setulae. Legs (Figs 2, 26, 49). Coxae and femora light brown to brown, slightly lighter at distal end of femur. All tibiae predominantly yellow, slightly darker on anterodorsal surface; tarsi yellow to dark yellow, tarsomeres 3–5 slightly darker. Mid tibia with one stout apical spur. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 176 Wing (Figs 1–2, 6, 25–26, 30, 48–49, 53). Length 3.3–4.5 mm; width 1.1–1.7 mm. Vein C extended to M 1 , with costal spinules extended to apex of vein R 2+3 . Membrane hyaline, slightly yellowish. Halter dark yellow to brown, with base of stem and knob base slightly darker. a bdomen (Figs 1, 25, 48). Tergites dark yellow to light brown, subshiny, with sparse yellowish-gray pruinosity; setulae black, tergites 3–5 with long setae on posterior margin and laterally on syntergite 1 + 2. Tergite 5 with small sublateral shallow concavities. maLe TerminaLia (Figs 7–18, 31–41, 54–64, 73–81). Tergite 6 absent. Sternite 6 assymmetrical, strongly connected to left of syntergosternite 7 + 8 and including tracheal opening, and almost reaching right end of syntergosternite 7 + 8 (Figs 10–11, 34–35, 57–58). Syntergosternite 7 + 8 symmetrical, strongly fused, strongly sclerotized, except for membranous area on distal margin with two sublateral lobes slightly sclerotized, bare, about 5.0 × as wide as long (Figs 9, 33, 56). Sternite 7 membranous, symmetrical, weakly connected to right lobe of syntergosternite 7 + 8, with large ventromedial concavity (Figs 10–11, 34–35, 57–58). Epandrium yellow to dark brown, ‘saddle-shaped’; with brown to dark brown setulae, more elongated on laterodistal ends, except for triangular areas on anterolateral margins, weakly interconnected anteromedially, glabrous. Cercus yellow, subtriangular, long, as long as length of inner surstylus, medial surface subparallel, setae dark yellow to light brown, medially proclinate and extended slightly beyond cercal opening, thereafter these are slightly reclinate, including those located on medial surface of distal ¼ of cercus (Figs 7–14, 31–38, 54–61, 73, 75, 77). Surstyli, concolorous with epandrium, lobes strongly fused (not articulated) to epandrium. Inner and outer surstyli weakly to strongly fused together at proximal end. Inner surstylus ‘rod-shaped’ and narrow, slightly narrower than proximal half of outer surstylus, slightly shorter and surrounded by outer surstylus; both surstyli with dense yellowish setae, with fringes of elongated setae on edges of outer surstylus (Figs 8–14; 32–38; 55–61). Outer surstylus with large, clavate distal lobe, densely setulose in distal ¾, glabrous in proximal ¼ (Figs 7–14; 31–38; 54–61). Subepandrial sclerite, ‘bra-shaped’, strongly sclerotized, weakly articulated with hypandrium and strongly articulated with both surstyli and cerci (Figs 12–13, 36–38, 59–60, 74, 76, 78). Hypandrium, very short, about 3.5 × as wide as long, strongly sclerotized, slightly concave distally in dorsal view; concave in lateral view, extended laterally around base of phallapodeme and phallus. Gonocoxal apodemes, with ventral median U-shaped concavity, distally open; gonocoxal apodeme directed upward, connected at anterior margin by short band, slightly longer than median diameter of phallapodeme, forming case surrounding phallic complex; distal end more broadly open in U-shape. Pregonite robust and strongly connected to gonocoxal apodeme, without any point of weakness between them; pregonite curved ventrodistally, with angle varying among species (between 90° and 150°), articulated subdistally with postgonite; postgonite with short, sparse, almost imperceptible setae(Figs15–18,39–41,62–64,79–81).Postgonite,long,laminate,bifiddistally.Phallapodeme,rodlike, about 1.3–1.5 × as long as length of phallus; ‘fork-shaped’ phallus in dorsal and ventral views, surrounded by membrane, apparently smooth, bilobed distally in lateral view; distal lobes dark yellow, Y-shaped, with large opening in ventral view. Female Similar to male (in external morphology of head, thorax, wings, legs and abdomen). TerminaLia (Figs 19–24, 42–47, 65–72). Tergite 6 dark yellow to brown. Sternite 6 membranous, with anteromedial sclerotization ‘top hat-shaped’. Tergite 7 strongly fused to sternite 7. Segment 8 entirely membranous. Epiproct small, plate-like. Cerci dark yellow, setose, separated, elongated and thin. Spermathecae in single pair, each ‘mushroom-shaped’, light brown to brown. TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 177 Remarks Papaverodinia gen. nov. is similar to the genera Schildomyia Malloch, 1926 and Lopesiodinia Prado 1973 in that it has a wing with the C vein extended to the M1 vein. However, it is easily separated from Schildomyia by having a lunule with a pubescent dark brown to black spot; three fronto-orbital setae almost equidistant, the 1 st and 2 nd pairs only slightly closer to each other, scutellar disc with 1 to 3 setulae, sometimes glabrous; tergite 6 absent (in Schlidomyia, lunule without spot; 1st and 2nd pairs of frontoorbitals very close to each other, scutellar disc densely setulose, tergite 6 present). The new genus differs from Lopesiodinia in having posterior intra-alar setae, tergite 6 absent (in Lopesiodinia, posterior intra-alar setae absent, tergite 6 present). Key to the species of Traginopinae Hennig, 1965 Key to adults; here, we modify couplet 20 in the key of Tôrres et al. (2021) to accommodate the inclusion of Papaverodinia gen. nov., and its included species. 20. Scutellar disc and margins with numerous setulae ....................... Schildomyia Malloch, 1926 (21) – Scutellum with few (up to 7) marginal setulae ...........................................................................20A 20A. Posterior intra-alar setae present. Tergite 6 in male absent .............Papaverodinia gen. nov. (20B) – Posterior intra-alar setae absent. Tergite 6 in male present .............Lopesiodinia Prado, 1973 (29) 20B. Frons with lateral margins yellow from 3rd pair fronto-orbital seta and encompassing bases of the 1st and 2nd pairs fronto-orbital setae (Figs 3, 50). Inner surstylus parallel-sided in both anterior and lateral view (Figs 9, 14, 55, 61). Outer surstylus with basal part narrow, less than ¼ of distal lobe height (Figs 14, 61). Angle of pregonite 90–120° or less (Figs 79, 81). Subepandrial sclerite with anteromedial margin in an open U-shaped (Figs 74, 78) ............................................................20C – Frons with lateral margins yellow only along very edge, lateral to bases of fronto-orbital setae (Fig. 27). Inner surstylus expanded and club-like distally in both anterior and lateral views (Figs 36, 38), and distinctly curved following the curvature of the posterior margin of the outer surstylus in lateral view (Fig. 38). Outer surstylus with basal part thick, nearly ½ height of distal lobe (Fig. 38). Angle of pregonite 150° (Fig. 80). Subepandrial sclerite with anteromedial margin in a ‘open end wrench-shaped’ (Fig. 76) ...................................................Papaverodinia canalesi gen. et sp. nov. 20C. Mesonotum predominantly brown, with narrow brown median vitta, brown at the bases of the 1st and 2nd pairs of dorsocentral setae and laterally, yellow pruinosity at the posterolateral corners (Figs 2, 5). Scutellum entirely light brown with yellow margin (Fig. 5). Middle tibia yellow (Fig. 2). Antennawithpedicel,basalpostpedicelandthefirsttwoaristalsegmentspredominantlyyelloworange (Figs 3, 4). Epandrium 1.4 × taller than long (Fig. 14) ......................................................... ................................................................................Papaverodinia chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. – Mesonotum dark throughout (Figs 49, 52), without vitta. Scutellum entirely dark (Fig. 52). Mid tibia dark, except yellow at distal and proximal tips (Fig. 49). Antenna entirely brown (Figs 50–51). Epandrium length and height subequal (Fig. 61) ............Papaverodinia willkeniae gen. et sp. nov. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 178 Papaverodinia chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:65A5ADBF-9FBC-47A2-A4F5-3A8841193A00 Figs 1–24, 73–74, 79 Diagnosis The 3rd pair fronto-orbital setae originated in line with the lower margin of the anterior ocellus. Frontoorbital plate entirely yellow. Cercus opening with inverted ‘arrow’ appearance. Inner and outer surstyli weakly fused together at proximal end. Inner surstylus straight in lateral view. Outer surstylus greatly enlarged distally, ‘soup ladle-shaped’ in lateral view. Etymology Thespecificnameisacompositionof‘Chiquinho’and‘inhamum’.ChiquinhoisthenicknameofMr Francisco dos Reis (in memoriam), who was the park ranger at the Inhamum Ecological Reserve. Type material examined Holotype BRAZIL – Maranhão [MA]•♂ (pinned, good condition); Caxias, Res.[= Reserva] Ecologica do Inhamum,RamalSumidourodoPadre;4°53′22″S,43°24′59″W;23–31Jan.2020;F.Limeira-deOliveira, A. Tôrres and I. Cantanhede leg.; PET (Vinagre V. [= Vinho] Tinto + Etanol), alta 20 mts [= metros metre]; CZMA FLO 6088. Paratypes BRAZIL – Maranhão [MA]•4♂♂;samedataasforholotype;MZUSPFLO6070,MZUSPFLO6089, INPAFLO6094,MNRJFLO6096•3♀♀;samedataasforholotype;CZMAFLO5839toFLO5841 •10♂♂;samedataasforholotype;15−29Feb.2020;CZMAFLO6080,CZMAFLO6097,CZMA FLO 6112, CZMA FLO 6186, CZMA FLO 6344, INPA FLO 6346, INPA FLO 6347, INPA FLO 6999 (pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic),MNRJFLO6349,MNRJFLO6888•3♂♂;samedataas forholotype;15−31May2020;CZMAFLO6185,MNRJFLO6223,MZUSPFLO6272•1♂;same dataasforholotype;15−30Jun.2020;CSCAFLO5866•5♂♂;samedataasforholotype;15−31Jul. 2020;INPAFLO5877,INPAFLO5886,INPAFLO5888,INPAFLO5894,CZMAFLO5887•4♂♂; samedataasforholotype;15−31Aug.2020;INPAFLO6064,INPAFLO6076,MZUSPFLO6278, MNRJFLO6570•2♂♂;samedataasforholotype;15−30Sep.2020;CZMAFLO5276,CZMAFLO 6065•2♂♂;samedataasforholotype;15−31Oct.2020;CSCAFLO5820,MNRJFLO5947•1♂; samedataasforholotype;15−30Nov.2020;CSCAFLO6578•3♂♂;Caxias,LagoadoParaná; 4°51′01.2″S,43°09′39.4″W;11−25Jan.2020;F.Limeira-de-Oliveira,A.TôrresandI.Cantanhedeleg.; PET (Vinagre V. [= Vinho] Tinto + Etanol); alta 20 mts [= metros]; CZMA FLO 6071, CZMA FLO 6072, CZMAFLO6082•5♂♂;Carolina,PARNA[=ParqueNacional]ChapadadasMesas,RPPN[=Reserva ParticulardoPatrimônioNatural]Mansinha;7°18′11.9″S,47°26′07″W;12−15Mar.2023;F.Limeirade-Oliveira, R. Ale-Rocha and A. Tôrres leg.; PET Vinagre V. [= Vinho] Tinto + Etanol, 20 mts [= metros metre]; CZMA FLO 3738 (pinned, terminalia in microvial of plastic), CZMA FLO 7057, MZUSP FLO 7063,CSCAFLO7065,MNRJFLO7066•2♂♂;samedataasforpreceding;SãoRomão;7°04′23.2″S, 47°05′26.2″W;CZMAFLO3741(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic),INPAFLO7061•1♂; samedataasforpreceding;Mirador,ParqueEstadualdoMirador,BasedaGeraldina;6°37′48″S, 45°52′49″W;20−30Jun.2022;PET(VinagreV.[=Vinho]Tinto+Etanol),alta20mts[=metrosmetre]; CZMAFLO6334•1♂;samedataasforpreceding;20−31Jul.2022;CZMAFLO6330•2♂♂;same dataasforpreceding;20−31Aug.2022;CZMAFLO6333,INPAFLO6335•2♂♂;samedataasfor preceding;20−30Sep.2022;CZMAFLO6367,INPAFLO6368•2♂♂;samedataasforpreceding; 10−20Oct.2022;CZMAFLO6336,INPAFLO6369•1♂;samedataasforpreceding;10−20Nov. 2022;CZMAFLO6363•2♂♂;samedataasforpreceding;2−31Dec.2022;CZMAFLO7103,INPA TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 179 FLO7104•1♂;samedataasforpreceding;20−31Jan.2023;CZMAFLO7106•1♂;samedataas forpreceding;20−28Feb.2023;CZMAFLO7107•1♂;samedataasforpreceding;10−20Mar.2023; CZMA FLO 7110. – Pará [PA]•1♂;samedataasforholotype;Belterra,FlonaTapajós;2°36′15″S, 54°56′25″W;100ma.s.l.;16Apr.2018;J.A.RafaelandF.F.Xavierleg.;AtrativoLuz;CZMAFLO 1322. – Piauí [PI] •1♂(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic);samedataasforholotype;Altos, FlorestaNacionaldePalmares;5°03′24.5″S,42°35′35.6″W;1−15Dec.2022;F.Limeira-de-Oliveira, A.TôrresandG.A.Reisleg.,PROTAX[project];PET(VinagreV.[=Vinho]Tinto+Etanol),alta30mts [=metros];CZMAFLO6236•2♂♂;samedataasforpreceding;1−15Jan.2023;CZMAFLO6318, INPAFLO6320•1♂;samedataasforpreceding;1−14Feb.2023;CZMAFLO7117•2♀♀;same dataasforholotype;Altos,FlorestaNacionaldePalmares;5°03′24.5″S,42°35′35.6″W;1−15Nov. 2022;F.Limeira-de-Oliveira,A.TôrresandG.A.Reisleg.,PROTAX[project];PET(VinagreV.[= Vinho]Tinto+Etanol),alta30mts[=metros];CZMAFLO6252,INPAFLO6255•1♀(pinned, terminaliainmicrovialofplastic);samedataasforpreceding;1−15Dec.2022;INPAFLO6245•2♀♀; samedataasforpreceding;1−15Jan.2023;CZMAFLO6311•1♀;samedataasforpreceding;INPA FLO 6313 •6♀♀;samedataasforholotype;Altos,FlorestaNacionaldePalmares;5°03′24.5″S, 42°35′35.6″W;1−15Dec.2022;F.Limeira-de-Oliveira,A.TôrresandG.A.Reisleg.,PROTAX [project]; PET (Vinagre V. [= Vinho] Tinto + Etanol), alta 30 mts [= metros]; CZMA FLO 6239 to CZMA FLO 6244. – Amazonas [AM] •1♂(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic);samedataasfor holotype;Manaus,BR174,ZF-2,km14;2°35′21″S,60°06′55.6″W;15−28Feb.2019;J.A.Rafaelleg., RedeBIA[project];baitedwithvinegar,22m;CZMAFLO1332•1♂(pinned,terminaliainmicrovial ofplastic);samedataasforpreceding;29Mar.−12Apr.2019;CZMAFLO1334•6♀♀;samedataas forholotype;15−29Feb.2020;CZMAFLO5838,CZMAFLO5843,INPAFLO5844,MZUSPFLO 5846,MNRJFLO5849,CSCAFLO5847•3♀♀;samedataasforholotype;15−30Apr.2020;INPA FLO5830,MZUSPFLO5848,MNRJFLO6137(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic)•1♀;same dataasforholotype;15−31May2020;CZMAFLO6480•1♀;samedataasforholotype;15−30Jun. 2020;CZMAFLO6000•2♀♀;samedataasforholotype;15−31Jul.2020;MNRJFLO6158,MZUSP FLO6159•3♀♀;samedataasforholotype;15−31Aug.2020;CZMAFLO5965,CSCAFLO6484, MZUSPFLO6513•3♀♀;samedataasforholotype;15−30Sep.2020;MZUSPFLO6160,CSCAFLO 6411,MNRJFLO6418•1♀;samedataasforholotype;15−31Oct.2020;MZUSPFLO6532•2♀♀; samedataasforholotype;15−30Nov.2020;MZUSPFLO6026,CSCAFLO6504•1♀;samedataas forholotype;Mirador,ParqueEstadualdoMirador,BasedaGeraldina;6°37′48″S,45°52′49″W;20−31 Jul.2022;CZMAFLO63022•1♀;samedataasforholotype;Manaus,BR174,ZF-2,km14; 2°35′21″S,60°06′55.6″W;14Jun.−3Jul.2018;J.A.Rafaelleg.,RedeBIA[project];16mts[=metros] alt.[=altura],nascente[=sunrise],Malaisegde[=grande];CZMAFLO1342•1♀(pinned,terminalia inmicrovialofplastic);samedataasforpreceding;17−31Aug.2018;baitedwithvinegar;28mts[= metros];CZMAFLO1344•1♀;samedataasforpreceding;6−16Nov.2018;vinagreefermento[= vinegar and yeast], 40mts[=metros];CZMAFLO1345•1♀;Manaus,Rod.[=Rodovia]AM-010,km 35,RamalÁguaBrancaII,SítioVidaTropical;2°51′53″S,59°56′00″W;26−30Jun.2018;J.A.Rafael and F. Limeira-de-Oliveira leg., Rede BIA [project]; 12 mts [= metros], baited with vinegar; CZMA FLO 1335•1♀;samedataasforpreceding;13−26Sep.2018;J.A.Rafaelleg.,RedeBIA[project];baited withvinegar,20mts[=metros];CZMAFLO1339•1♀(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic); samedataasforpreceding;3−10Mar.2019;baitedwithvinegar,15mts[=metros];CZMAFLO1336 •71♂♂;samedataasforholotype;14−20Dec.2019;F.Limeira-de-Oliveira,J.C.Oliveira,J.M.Oliveira and I. Cantanhede leg; PET (Vinagre V. [= Vinho] Tinto + Ferm. [= Fermento] Bio. [= Biológico] + Etanol), 20 mts [= metros]; MNRJ FLO 1506 to FLO 1518, MNRJ FLO 1522 to MNRJ FLO 1546, INPA FLO 1573 to INPA FLO 1577, CZMA FLO 6198 to CZMA FLO 6203, CZMA FLO 6205 to CZMA FLO 6225,CZMAFLO6908toCZMAFLO6910•10♂♂;samedataasforholotype;15−31Mar.2020; CZMAFLO6039toCZMAFLO6044,INPAFLO6894toINPAFLO6897•3♂♂;samedataasfor holotype;15−30Apr.2020;INPAFLO6056toINPAFLO6058•8♂♂;samedataasforholotype; 15−31May2020;INPAFLO6212toINPAFLO6216,CSCAFLO6219toCSCAFLO6221•5♂♂; European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 186 line and margin of anterior ocellus equivalent to diameter of said ocellus; fronto-orbital plate with narrow strip of yellow only along its outer edge (Fig. 27). Lunule 0.1 mm high; 0.3 × height or length of frons. Antenna (Figs 27–28), predominantly light brown, except for scape and proximal region of postpedicel, includingfirsttwobasalsegmentsofarista,yellow-orange. THorax (Figs 25–26, 29). Mesonotum and scutellum black, with dark brown pruinosity (Figs 26, 29). Pleuron black (Fig. 26). Legs (Fig. 26). Mid tibia predominantly dark, except yellow at distal and proximal tips. Wing (Fig. 30). Length 3.9 mm and width 1.5 mm (= 2.6 × as long as wide); veins brown. abdomen (Fig. 25). Tergites brown to dark brown. maLe TerminaLia (Figs 31–41, 75–76, 80). Epandrium dark brown, surstylus brown; length and height subequal (Fig. 38). Cercus about 2.0 × as long as wide, light yellow, with opening in inverted U-shaped, medial membrane wide (Figs 31–38, 75). Inner and outer surstyli strongly fused at proximal end. Inner surstylus expanded and club-like distally in both anterior and lateral views (Figs 36, 38), and distinctly curved following curvature of posterior margin of outer surstylus in lateral view (Fig. 38). Outer surstylus with basal part thick, nearly ½ of height of distal lobe (Fig. 38), ‘golf club-shape’ in lateral view (Figs 32, 38). Subepandrial sclerite with anteromedial margin in ‘open-end wrench-shaped’, and with lightly arched posterior margin with angle of approximately 180° (Fig. 76). Angle of pregonite 150° (Fig. 80). Female Similar to male (in external morphology of head, thorax, wings, legs and abdomen), except as noted below: TerminaLia (Figs 42–47).Tergite6entirelybrown,proximal⅔glabrous,distal⅓withlong,strong setae, spiracle on anteroventral margin with area of membranous insertion. Sternite 6 membranous, with anteromedial sclerotization ‘top hat-shaped’, quadrangular lateromedial area, posterior margin with row of 8 setae (1 pair median, 1 pair submedian, 2 lateral pairs), subequal in length and diameter, except for very short and weak submedian setae. Tergite 7 strongly fused to sternite 7; tergite 7 almost entirely membranous, except for strongly sclerotized subproximal band extending ventrally to form ring,latter slightly concave on posterodorsal margin; sternite 7 concave on posteroventral margin, with short, sparse setae. Variation Male(n=10):bodylength4.0−5.3mm,mean4.6mm;winglength3.3−4.5mm,mean3.9mm;wing width1.2−1.6mm,mean1.4mm.Female(n=10):bodylength4.5−5.4mm,mean4.9mm;winglength 3.3−4.5mm,mean3.9mm;wingwidth1.2−1.7mm,mean1.5mm. Geographical record Brazil: Ceará (Ubajara), Maranhão (Candido Mendes, Mirador). Habitat Canopy in the enclave of Atlantic Forest in the Serra de Ibiapaba, Ceará and in areas with Amazon Forest, and in Cerrado Forest, a somewhat Riparian Forest in the state of Maranhão). TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 187 Figs 25–32. Papaverodinia canalesi gen.etsp.nov.,holotype,♂(CZMAFLO6327).25. Habitus, dorsal view. 26. Habitus, lateral view. 27. Head, frontal view. 28. Head, lateral view. 29. Thorax, dorsal view. 30. Wing. 31. Terminalia, dorsal view. 32. Terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars in mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 188 Figs 33–41. Papaverodinia canalesi gen.etsp.nov.,paratype,♂. 33–41. CZMA FLO 1346, terminalia. 33. Syntergosternite 7+8, dorsal view. 34. Sternite 6 and 7, ventral view. 35. Sternite 6 and 7, lateral view. 36. Epandrium, cerci, outer and inner surstylus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view. 37. Epandrium, outer and inner surstylus and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view. 38. Epandrium, cercus and outer and inner surstylus, lateral view. 39. Phallapodeme, hypandrium, basiphallus and phallus, dorsal view. 40. Phallapodeme, hypandrium, phallus, postgonite, connection between preand postgonite and pregonite, ventral view. 41. Phallapodeme, hypandrium, hypandrium arm, gonocoxal apodeme and articulation of hypandrium arm with subepandrial sclerite and pregonite, lateral view. Scale bars in mm. TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 189 Papaverodinia willkeniae gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D1B5CFAB-3CFA-454B-9CB5-E6EB120A744B Figs 48–72, 77–78, 81 Diagnosis The 3rd pair of fronto-orbital setae originated at the level or above of the anterior ocellus. Fronto-orbital plate entirely yellow. Cercus with opening in inverted V-shape. Inner and outer surstyli weakly fused at proximal end. Inner surstylus, slightly backward curved following curvature of the anterior margin of the outer surstylus, in lateral view. Outer surstylus enlarged distally, ‘ice cream ladle-shaped’ in lateral view. Figs 42–47. Papaverodinia canalesi gen.etsp.nov.,paratypes,♀♀.42. Sternites 1–6, ventral view (CZMA FLO 1348). 43. Spermathecae (INPA FLO 6395). 44–47. Terminalia (INPA FLO 6395). 44. Tergites 6 and 7, segment 8 and cercus, dorsal view. 45. Tergite 6 and band of tergite 7, dorsal view. 46. Sternites 6 and 7, segment 8, epiproct and cercus, ventral view. 47. Sternites 6 and band of 7, ventral view. Scale bars in mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 190 Etymology Named in honor of Dr Dayse Willkenia Almeida Marques, for all her contributions to the organization of part of the biological material used in this work. Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Amazonas [AM]•♂ (pinned, good condition); Manaus, Rod [= Rodovia] AM 010, km 35, RamalÁguaBrancaII,SítioVidaTropical;2°51′53″S,59°56′00″W;7–21Oct.2018;J.A.Rafaelleg., Rede BIA [project]; vinagre [= vinegar], 15 mts [= metros]; CZMA FLO 1323. Paratypes BRAZIL – Amazonas [AM]•1♂;samedataasforholotype;1−12Aug.2018;CZMAFLO1325•1♂; samedataasforholotype;28Feb.−2Mar.2018;baitedwithvinegar;MNRJFLO1324•1♂;samedata asforholotype;23−30Mar.2019;MZUSPFLO1326•1♂(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic); Manaus, ZF2, km 14; 2°35′21″S,60°06′55″W;1−16Jun.2018;J.A.RafaelandF.Limeira-de-Oliveira leg.; baited with vinegar, 20 mts [= metros] angelim;INPAFLO1328•1♂(pinned,terminaliain microvialofplastic);samedataasforholotype;CZMAFLO1329•1♂(pinned,terminaliainmicrovial ofplastic);Manaus,BR174,ZF-2;15−28Feb.2019;J.A.Rafaelleg.,RedeBIA[project];baitedwith vinegar,2mts[=metros];CZMAFLO1331•1♀(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic);samedata asforholotype;5−18Nov.2018;INPAFLO1340•1♀(pinned,terminaliainmicrovialofplastic);same data as for holotype; vinagre [= vinegar], 8 mts [= metros]; CZMA FLO 1341. Description Measurements (Figs 48–55). Body length 4.6 mm; wing: length 0.4 mm, width 0.5 mm. Male H ead (Figs 48–51). Height 1.6 × length and 1.2 × as wide as high. Frons 1.4 × as wide as long, with lateral margins yellow from 3 rd pair fronto-orbital seta and encompassing bases of 1 st and 2 nd pair frontoorbital setae, 3rd pair of fronto-orbital setae originated at level or above of anterior ocellus; fronto-orbital plate either entirely yellow (Fig. 50). Lunule 0.2 mm high; 0.4 × height or length of frons. Antenna entirely brown except for yellow-orange proximal region (Figs 50–51). THorax (Figs 48–49, 52). Mesonotum and scutellum brown, with dark brown pruinosity (Figs 49, 52). Pleuron light brown (Fig. 49). Legs (Fig. 49). Tibia predominantly dark, except yellow at distal and proximal tips. Wing (Fig. 53). Length 3.3 mm and width 1.2 mm (= 2.7 × as long as wide); veins brown. abdomen (Fig. 48). Tergites brown. maLe TerminaLia (Figs 54–64, 77–78, 81). Epandrium brown, length and height subequal; surstylus dark yellow to light brown (Fig. 61). Cercus with opening in inverted V-shape, medial membrane slightly infuscated yellow, extended up to ½ its length, or to proximal end of cercal opening (Figs 54–61, 77). Inner and outer surstyli weakly fused at proximal end. Inner surstylus, slightly backward curved following curvature of anterior margin of outer surstylus, in lateral view (Figs 55, 61). Outer surstylus with basal part narrow, less than ¼ of distal lobe height, enlarged distally, ‘ice cream ladle-shaped’ in lateral view (Figs 55, 61). Subepandrial sclerite with anteromedial margin in open U-shape, and posterior margin in inverted V-shape, with an angle of approximately 94° (Fig. 78). Angle of pregonite 120° (Fig. 81). TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 191 Figs 48–55. Papaverodinia willkeniae gen.etsp.nov.,holotype,♂(CZMAFLO1323).48. Habitus, dorsal view. 49. Habitus, lateral view. 50. Head, frontal view. 51. Head, lateral view. 52. Thorax, dorsal view. 53. Wing. 54. Terminalia, dorsal view. 55. Terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars in mm. European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 192 Female Similar to male (in external morphology of head, thorax, wings, legs and abdomen), except as noted below: TerminaLia (Figs 65–72).Tergite6entirelybrown,proximal⅔glabrous,distal⅓withlongandstrong setae, spiracle slightly away from anteroventral margin with area of membranous insertion. Sternite 6 membranous, with anteromedial sclerotization ‘top hat-shaped’, lateromedian area subquadrangular, posterior margin with row of 9 setae (3 median, 1 pair submedian, 2 lateral pairs), subequal in length and diameter, except very short and weak submedian setae. Tergite 7 strongly fused to sternite 7; tergite 7 almost entirely membranous, except for strongly sclerotized subproximal band extending ventrally forming ring, straight on posterodorsal margin; sternite 7 concave on posteroventral margin, with short, sparse setae. Variation Male(n=4):bodylength4.0−5.3mm,mean4.6mm;winglength3.3−4.5mm,mean3.9mm;wing width1.2−1.6mm,mean1.4mm.Female(n=2):bodylength4.0−4.7mm,mean4.4mm;winglength 3.3−4.1mm,mean3.9mm;wingwidth1.2−1.4mm,mean1.3mm.Head:antennaofsomespecimens have the postpedicel entirely orange. Geographical record Brazil: Amazonas (Manaus). Habitat Canopy between 8 to 20 meters high in the Amazon Forest, Amazonas. Discussion The results obtained for Odiniidae suggest the observations made by the American naturalist Beebe (1917) were accurate when he claimed to have found a “new continent”. This statement was based on his observations of how much life was teeming up to about 40 meters or more above ground level. Years later,fromthe1970sonwards,severalscholarsconfirmedtheaccuracyofthisstatement,suchasErwin (1983), Stork et al. (1997), Basset et al. (2003) and Amorim et al. (2022). Ribeiro and Corbara (2005), in line with what was being discovered in the upper strata of vegetation, asked the following question: “... where is the greatest diversity of species in a forest, on the ground or in the canopy?...”. For the family Odiniidae, the answer is that odiniids do indeed inhabit the canopy with great diversity. Figs 56–64 (next page). Papaverodinia willkeniae gen.etsp.nov.,paratype,♂(CZMAFLO1331). 56–64. Terminalia. 56. Syntergosternite 7+8, dorsal view. 57. Sternite 6 and 7, ventral view. 58. Sternite 6 and 7, lateral view. 59. Epandrium, cerci, outer and inner surstylus and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view. 60. Epandrium, outer and inner surstylus and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view. 61. Epandrium, cercus and outer and inner surstylus, lateral view. 62. Phallapodeme, hypandrium, basiphallus and phallus, dorsal view. 63. Phallapodeme, hypandrium, phallus, postgonite, connection between preand postgonite and pregonite, ventral view. 64. Phallapodeme, hypandrium, hypandrium arm, gonocoxal apodeme and articulation of hypandrium arm with subepandrial sclerite and pregonite, lateral view. Scale bars in mm. TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 193 European Journal of Taxonomy 1026: 171–198 (2025) 194 Acknowledgements Weexpressgratefulthankstothefollowing:NationalCouncilforScientificandTechnological Development(CNPq)forawardingfinancialresourcestoF.L.O.(PPBiogrants–RedeCerrado,proc. 457440 / 2012–0 and Call 67/2013, proc. 406394 / 2013–0); Maranhão State Research Support Foundation (FAPEMA)forthefinancialsupporttoF.L.O.(grants:ACT-04819/21–CallCNPq/MCTI/CONFAPFAPS/PROTAXnº22/2020eACC-05844/21–CallCNPq/MCTI/CONFAP-FAPS/PELDnº21/2020; APP – 00498/12; APP – 00856/15; CBIOMA – 0300112/12; CBIOMA – 03988/15) and Research Productivity Grant – PQ – 2 (Process: 314465/2023-5). To the Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG-BIONORTE) and the State University of Maranhão (UEMA) for granting and to FAPEMA for funding the BD de A. T. Scholarship (Process BD-08047/22/BDQUOTAUEMA–AGREEMENTNº.03/2022FAPEMA/UEMA).ToUEMA,for Figs 65–72. Papaverodinia willkeniae gen.etsp.nov.,paratype,♀(INPAFLO1340).65. Sternite 1–6, ventral view. 66. Spermathecae. 67–72.Terminalia. 67. Tergites 6 and 7, segment 8 and cercus, dorsal view. 68. Tergite 6, dorsal view. 69. Band of tergite 7, dorsal view. 70. Sternites 6 and 7, segment 8, epiproct and cercus, ventral view. 71. Sternite 6, ventral view. 72. Band of sternite 7, ventral view. Scale bars in mm. TÔRRES A. et al., Papaverodinia (Diptera: Odiniidae), a new genus with three new species 195 Figs 73–81. Papaverodinia gen.nov.,paratypes,♂♂,terminalia.73–74. P. chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. 73. Cercus, dorsal view (CZMA FLO 1392). 74. Subepandrial sclerite, dorsal view (CZMA FLO 6291). 75–76. P. canalesi gen. et sp. nov. (CZMA FLO 6389). 75. Cercus, dorsal view. 76. Subepandrial sclerite, dorsal view. 77–78. P. willkeniae gen. et sp. nov. (CZMA FLO 1331). 77. Cercus, dorsal view. 78. Subepandrial sclerite, dorsal view. 79–81. Pregonites, lateral view. 79. P. chiquinhamum gen. et sp. nov. (CZMA FLO 6887). 80. P. canalesi gen. et sp. nov. (CZMA FLO 1346). 81. P. willkeniae gen. et sp. nov. (CZMA FLO 1331). Scale bars in mm.