COMPARATIVE PHONETIC FEATURES OF VOWELS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 18 COMPARATIVE PHONETIC FEATURES OF VOWELS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK Alikulova Malika, Kuatova Gulruh, Ortiqova Durdona, Yerenbetov Yerjan students, Navoi state university, Navoi D.U. Islomova, teacher, Navoi state university, Navoi https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17785732 Annotation. Although English and Uzbek belong to different language families, there exist several similarities and differences in their vowel systems. This article analyzes the phonetic, phonological, acoustic, articulatory, and functional features of vowels in both languages. Additional comparative data, historical development notes, and pedagogical implications are included to expand the original content. Key words: language, function, phoneme, vowel, monophthong, diphthong, acoustic, articulation, phonology, stress Аннотация: Несмотря на то что английский и узбекский языки относятся к разным языковым семьям, в их вокальных системах существуют как определённые сходства, так и различия. В данной статье анализируются фонетические, фонологические, акустические, артикуляционные и функциональные особенности гласных обоих языков. Для расширения исходного содержания также включены дополнительные сравнительные данные, заметки по историческому развитию и педагогические рекомендации. Ключевые слова: язык, функция, фонема, гласный звук, монофтонг, дифтонг, акустика, артикуляция, фонология, ударение Annotatsiya:Ingliz va o‘zbek tillari turli til oilalariga mansub bo‘lishiga qaramay, ularning unli tovush tizimlarida ma’lum o‘xshashliklar va farqlar mavjud. Ushbu maqolada har ikki tilning unli tovushlarining fonetik, fonologik, akustik, artikulyatsion va funksional xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Asl mazmunni kengaytirish maqsadida qo‘shimcha qiyosiy ma’lumotlar, tarixiy rivojlanish haqidagi eslatmalar hamda pedagogic tavsiyalar ham kiritilgan. Kalit so’zlar: til, funksiya, fonema, unli, monoftong, diftong, akustika, artikulyatsiya, fonologiya, urg‘u. English, as a global lingua franca, is learned by millions of speakers worldwide, including Uzbek learners. One of the most significant aspects of mastering English is acquiring correct vowel pronunciation, as vowels often differ greatly from those in the learner’s native language. Uzbek and English vowels exhibit both overlaps and clear distinctions due to the languages' genealogical, typological, and phonetic differences. Additionally, the historical development of both languages has shaped their vowel inventories. English underwent the “Great Vowel Shift,” which significantly changed the vowel system, making it more complex. Uzbek, on the other hand, preserved a more stable vowel structure due to its Turkic roots. 1)constitutive Phonemes are the necessary building material for the units of morphological and other levels, (neither morphemes nor words can exist without phonemes); INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 19 2)distinctive function which gives chance to distinguish morphemes from each other, words from each other. It has important significance for the communicative purpose. This phoneme canbe definedas "the class of sounds physically similar and functionally identical". 1 The main differences and partial similarity between articulatory features of the English monophthongs, diphthongoids and the Uzbek vowels may be summed up as follows: The English, Uzbek and Russian vowel phonemes are characterized by the oral formation. There are no nasal vowel phonemes in the languages compared.Comparing the X-ray pictures it is easy to notice the positions of the tongue and lips in the articulation of the English and Uzbek vowels. It is convenient to compare the articulations of English and Uzbek vowels establishing certain acoustic types of vowels which relatively exist in both languages /i/, /e/, /a/, /ɔ/,u/,/ə/,For example,the acoustictype (i) includes the English /i:/,/i/ and the Uzbek/i/,/a/combines the English/ᴂ/,/ᴧ/,/α:/ and the Uzbek/a/etc 2 1 Alimova M.X.,Rasulov Z.I.‘Comparative typology of the English and Uzbek languages’,2022.p58 2 AlimovaM.X.,RasulovZ.I.‘COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.T.:“Durdona”,2022.p 59 3.Erkaboyeva NO’zbek tilidan ma’ruzalar to’plami T.:“Yosh kuchi”,2021,550b INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 20 3)According to the horizontal movement of the tongue, Englishvowels may be front,frontretracted, mixed, back-advances and back,whereas Uzbek vowels are fully front (i,e,a) and back(u,o’,o). 4)Uzbek has a simpler system with 6 primary vowel.3 5)Oral vs Nasal Vowels: Both English and Uzbek have exclusively oral vowels, with no phonemic nasal vowels. Stability of Articulation: Uzbek vowels are more stable and do not undergo significant qualitative changes during articulation. English, however, includes diphthongs and diphthongoids with noticeable tongue movement 6)The Uzbek vowels have relatively stable articulation. There are no diphthongoids in Uzbek.4 ENGLISH has more extentive vowel in ventory (up to20 vowels,including diphthongs). Historical Note: English vowel complexity increased due to Germanic influences, Norman French loanwords, and the Great Vowel Shift. PHONOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES Length Contrast: English distinguishes vowel length phonemically (sheep–ship). Uzbek does not have phonemic vowel length. Reduction: English uses vowel reduction in unstressed syllables (schwa /ə/). Uzbek vowels do not reduce. Diphthongs: English diphthongs act as single phonemes. Uzbek has no diphthongs. Stress Effect: In English, stress changes vowel quality and duration. In Uzbek, stress mainly affects intonation, but vowel quality does not change. PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR UZBEK LEARNERS - Learners often confuse /iː/–/ɪ/ and /æ/–/ʌ/ due to lack of equivalents. - English diphthongs require explicit articulation training. - Teachers should use minimal pairs to develop phonemic awareness. - Exposure to natural English speech helps learners develop listening discrimination skills. Counclusion The comparison of English and Uzbek vowel systems highlights the major linguistic, articulatory, and phonological differences shaped by typological properties of each language. While Uzbek maintains a small, symmetrical, and stable vowel system, English displays a rich and complex vowel inventory with considerable articulatory movement and phonemic contrasts. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 21 Understanding these contrasts is crucial for language learning and phonological analysis. This expanded article also shows that historical development, stress patterns, and phonological processes play vital roles in shaping vowel systems. Future research may explore dialectal variations, sociophonetic influences, and the role of vowel length perception among Uzbek English learners. REFERENCE 1. Erkaboyeva N.O’zbek tilidan ma’ruzalar to’plami.T.:“YOSH KUCH’’2021,550b 2. Alimova M.X., Rasulov Z.I. COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.T.:“Durdona” , 2022.350b 3. Mark Hancock.English pronunciationinuse.Cambridge. Cambridge Univercity Press 4. Alimova M.X.,Rasulov Z.I. COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES.T.:“Durdona” , 2022.350b 5. Mark Hancock.English pronunciationinuse. Cambridge.Cambridge Univercity Press