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सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तन और कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता युग का समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण

पटेल, प्रदिप कुमार

Abstract

सारांश (Abstract) कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (Artificial Intelligence - AI) ने मानव सभ्यता को ऐसी दिशा में अग्रसर किया है, जहाँ समाज, संस्कृति और मूल्य प्रणाली का पुनर्गठन अनिवार्य हो गया है। मानव सभ्यता के आरंभ से लेकर आज तक तकनीकी विकास ने समाज को बार-बार नई चुनौतियाँ और नए अवसर प्रदान किए हैं — परंतु AI का प्रभाव केवल आर्थिक या वैज्ञानिक क्षेत्र तक सीमित नहीं रहा, बल्कि यह मानव जीवन की संपूर्ण संरचना को प्रभावित कर रहा है। आज AI भाषा, कला, शिक्षा, संचार, स्वास्थ्य, और राजनीति — सभी क्षेत्रों में अपनी उपस्थिति दर्ज करा चुका है। समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टि से यह एक गहन सांस्कृतिक संक्रमण (Cultural Transition) का प्रतीक है, जहाँ मानव का पारंपरिक ज्ञान, रचनात्मकता, और संवेदनशीलता डिजिटल बुद्धि के साथ एकीकृत हो रहे हैं। यह शोध पत्र इस युग के सांस्कृतिक परिवर्तनों का विश्लेषण समाजशास्त्रीय परिप्रेक्ष्य से करता है। इसमें यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता केवल तकनीकी नवाचार नहीं, बल्कि यह सांस्कृतिक पुनर्संरचना (Cultural Restructuring) का वाहक है। इसमें यह भी विवेचन किया गया है कि कैसे सामाजिक असमानता, रोजगार, नैतिकता, और शिक्षा पर AI के विविध प्रभाव पड़ रहे हैं।

Full text

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 198  󰬎 󰲐󰫦  󰭃 󰱮󰰌     󰲌 󰲄 çnhi dqekj iVsy lgk;d çk/;kid lekt'kkL= 'kkldh; uohu egkfo|ky; lkjkxkao ftyk tkatxhj pkEik NÙkhlx<+ Email: ppradeep[email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171045 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 10 (III) Pp. 198-204 October 2025 Submitted: 22 Sept. 2025 Revised: 27 Sept. 2025 Accepted: 20 Oct. 2025 Published: 31 Oct. 2025    (Abstract) 󰭃 󰱮󰰌 (Artificial Intelligence - AI)    󰬅   󰲑 󰰗 󰬶 󰲑 ,    , 󰬎  󰬉 󰭈   󰫦  󰫦      󰬅       󰲒        -        󰭈  󰲑 󰰚 —  AI  󰭈   󰲗󰫦  󰫥  󰫤󰭃   󰰎  , 󰬉     󰲒 󰫦   󰭈      AI   ,  , 󰫤 ,  , 󰬎 󰬎󰫾,    —  󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗  󰬎 󰫦      󰲌 󰲆      󰬎 󰬴 (Cultural Transition)  󰭈 ,       󰲐 󰫥 ,  󰫽 ,    󰱮    󰲒   󰰚   󰭃     󰬎 󰲐󰫦󰰣  󰲄   󰲌 󰲐󰭈󰬐    󰰗  󰬎󰲆 󰲑   󰲑 󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰲒    󰰎, 󰬉   󰬎 󰰩 (Cultural Restructuring)     󰰗    󰲑   󰲑       ,  ,  ,  󰫤  AI   󰭈    󰰚 󰫯 󰬄:   󰲌, 󰬎, 󰭃 󰱮󰰌 , 󰲒 󰲐󰫦,  󰬎,      ,    (Introduction)   󰬅    󰲐󰫦 󰲒      󰭈󰫽  󰰗   ,  ,   󰰗     󰬎󰰉     󰭈    󰰚     󰫽     ,      󰲒     ;      ,   󰫥   󰬍  󰲑 ,       󰬎 󰲒 󰲑   󰰉 󰲒  󰭈󰲑󰬴            󰰚   󰲒      󰰉 — 󰭃 󰱮󰰌 (Artificial Intelligence) —   󰬎󰫽        󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰫥    󰰎 ;   , 󰬎       󰬎  󰲒       , , 󰫦, 󰫤 ,  ,  ,    󰰗 󰭈  󰲒  AI  󰱇  󰰗  󰲒  󰫽 󰭐   , Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: çnhi dqekj iVsy , lgk;d çk/;kid lekt'kkL= 'kkldh; uohu egkfo|ky; lkjkxkao ftyk tkatxhj pkEik NÙkhlx<+ How to cite this article: çnhi dqekj iVsy. ( 2025).  󰬎 󰲐󰫦  󰭃 󰱮󰰌     󰲌 󰲄, Journal of Research & Development, 17 (10 (IIl), 198– 204 Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 199       󰬀󰰣 󰰗 󰲐󰲗󰫦   󰰚          󰰎, 󰬉      󰲐 󰰚      󰲑󰬴 󰰚,    , 󰭈󰲈   “ ”  “󰬉󰲐󰱲”   󰫦󰲐  󰰚   󰲌 󰲆   󰲐󰫦 󰫽 󰫽󰫦 , 󰫮󰰣󰲑   󰲒    󰰎, 󰬉  󰬎 󰲗󰫦 󰫦 (Cultural Reconstruction) 󰲒 󰭈󰲑󰬴       󰬉 —  󰭑, 󰫥 ,  󰫽   —    󰲐    󰰚    󰫽   󰰗󰭅   󰭑  ,   󰭃 󰱮󰰌   󰰗   󰰚    󰫥  󰬎󰰣  󰫤󰰣   󰬀  󰲐   ,    󰬂󰫦  AI  󰲐 󰬉   󰬀      󰲐󰫦    󰰎 ;    󰲒      󰭈     󰬍  󰫦  󰰗    󰫥 󰫦  ,    󰲐 󰲄   󰫦      󰬎   󰲌     󰫦 󰲒     —   “  ”  “-󰱮”      󰲐  󰲑    󰭃 󰱮󰰌    󰰗 “󰬎”  󰬎󰰉      󰬎  󰫦  ,   ,  , 󰫦     󰬉 󰰀   ,   󰰗  ,     (Virtual Identity),  󰬉󰲐󰱲       󰰚  󰬎  󰲌,       󰰎, 󰬉    󰱿 󰰣     󰰣   󰬎  󰲒    󰲌  󰱮  󰰣 —   󰫦, ,   󰫮󰫦 —  󰬎     󰰣 󰲒 󰱿 󰫯  󰰀  󰬎󰲆 󰲑  󰲑 󰲒 󰲐󰫦   󰲒    󰰉      󰫦   ,   󰲒   󰬎  󰬎   󰲐  ;      󰬎    ,    󰰗  󰭈  󰲒        󰫽󰱷  󰰚   󰬎  “󰫦 󰫦” 󰲒 󰭈󰲑󰬴   —   󰫦 󰫦   󰫦 󰰗   󰰚,      󰬎 󰫦 󰫦󰲐       󰫦 󰰗   󰲐󰫦  󰬎        󰰗   , -󰰙,   󰫤 ,  󰲒   󰰣      󰲒    󰲑   󰬶     󰰗     󰬎 󰫦  󰰀  󰰚,    󰲒  󰬎  —     󰲒  — 󰰉 󰲐       ,  󰲐 󰫤 󰱮   󰫮 󰰉 󰰗 󰲐󰲗󰫦   ,          󰰣       󰲐󰫦󰰣     󰲌   󰫦    󰰱  󰫦  󰰎, 󰬉     󰬎,      󰰥    󰭃 󰱮󰰌   󰰗  󰬌    󰲑  󰰗 — 󰫮   󰬎   “ -󰰗󰲑󰭅” ,   “-󰰗󰲑󰭅”   ? 󰫮      󰱇   ,       󰲒     ? 󰬁󰰎 󰭈󰲅󰰣  󰰌   󰭈    󰭃    󰬀 󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰭈     󰲌 󰲆    󰭈   —     󰬎  󰰩󰰣  󰲄 󰲑     󰫥   󰲒 󰫦 󰰎, 󰬉        󰲐󰫦 󰲒    —    󰲒,   󰬍 󰬎  󰱨  󰲗󰫦 “󰭃 󰬎󰬍”    -󰬎󰫽 󰲒  󰲐     2. 󰬎  󰲐󰫦 󰲒   󰲌   󰬎    󰫽    󰰍       , 󰲑  󰬎 󰫽 󰭈      󰲌 󰰗 󰬎  “ 󰬶  ”        󰰣  󰬉,  ,   ,  ,  󰱿   󰲐      󰫦 (Durkheim)  󰬎        󰬀   , 󰰎 󰫮  (Weber)     󰲑󰬴  “󰫦”     󰫦  󰫮󰫦 (Marx)   , 󰬎 󰫽    󰰣  󰰏   󰭈       󰰣 󰰗 󰬎     “ 󰭃”  󰰉 󰰗   ,   󰲐󰫦  Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 200 󰲒      󰬎   󰰣 󰰗 󰬎       󰰗 󰬎 , 󰭈    󰰗󰲑󰭅  󰱳   󰰗 󰰗        󰬎   󰫦 󰲑     󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰰗 󰭈   󰰚,  󰬎  󰬎󰰉   󰬉󰲐󰱲    2.1  󰬎 󰬴 (Cultural Transition)  󰬎  󰬴  󰭈 󰬎󰰣     — 1. 󰫥  󰫽 (Cognitive) 󰬎  —     󰫦 󰭈󰲑󰬴 󰰗 󰰣 󰲒     2.  󰫽 (Affective) 󰬎  —         󰬀󰰣 󰰗 󰰉 󰲐   󰰚 3. 󰱿 󰲐 (Behavioral) 󰬎  — , ,     󰰣  󰬎󰰉    2.2 󰬎 󰲒  󰲐  󰭃 󰱮󰰌   󰰗 󰬎  “󰬎  ” 󰰎 , 󰬉  “  󰬎”  󰲒  󰰗  󰲐 󰫥   󰬉󰲐󰱲   󰬀           —    ,   ,  󰭃 󰰗  󰰗       󰰚 2.3   󰫦 󰰗  󰬎 󰲆   󰬎  󰲐󰫦   󰰣      , 󰫥     󰬁     󰬎   󰭃 󰱮󰰌     󰬎   —   “󰫥 ”  “ 󰱇” 󰰗 󰰉 󰲐        󰰗  󰲐󰫦    󰫦, 󰬉 󰬶  󰫤󰭃󰰣  󰰀   —  󰫤 , -,  - 󰰙  󰰉 󰰗 3. 󰭃 󰱮󰰌 :    - 󰬎 󰬴  󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰭈   󰱿   󰲑  “ 󰱳 󰬴 ”    (Schwab, 2016)   󰲌 󰲆     󰬎 󰬴   , 󰫮󰰣󰲑      󰰎, 󰬉   󰲒 “󰫦  󰲒 󰫤 ”   󰭈     3.1   󰬎  󰲐󰫦 AI  󰲐 󰫸,  󰬎󰰗,    󰬉󰲐󰱲         󰲑     󰭈󰫽󰫤      󰰱     ,     󰲐, 󰫽󰲐   󰭃      –   󰬂󰫦   󰰈, 󰱿    󰰣  󰲄  “  󰬶” 󰭈󰬎  󰰚  “  󰲒 󰬎󰭃 ”   “󰬉󰲐󰱲  󰫦󰫦”  󰫦    3.2  󰫽  󰰉  AI   , , 󰭃 ,  󰫽,  󰲑󰬉  󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗   󰫽 󰫤 󰲑   DALL·E, ChatGPT,  Midjourney  AI 󰰣       󰲑    󰬎    󰱨  󰲗󰫦 󰰎, 󰬉        󰲗󰫦    —  “󰱇  󰬎” (Collaborative Creativity)     3.3    󰬎 󰬎 󰰌  󰲐󰫦   󰫽 󰰎,     󰰗    󰰚,   󰭈󰲅   — 󰫮 󰬎 󰲒 󰫽       ? 󰫮 󰰣  󰫦󰰣 󰰗    󰬉 󰱳  󰰚?   󰲌    󰫽 󰫽󰫦 󰭈󰲅 , 󰫮󰰣󰲑  󰬎 󰬎 󰰌         󰫦 󰭈󰲑󰬴   󰭃 󰰗  Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 201 4.   󰲌 󰲄:  ,  󰫦  󰲑󰬴   󰲌 󰲑  󰲐󰫦   󰲒  󰰎   , 󰬉      , 󰬉,  󰲑󰬴 󰰱  󰫦 󰰗   󰭃 󰱮󰰌   󰲑   󰫥  󰲒 󰬄   󰰗,        󰲐 󰰣    󰰗   󰲌 󰰗   󰲒 󰲆   󰲑 󰲑 󰭈  󰲒      󰲒  , 󰫦 󰰣,   󰫦    󰲐󰲗󰫦   4.1  󰫽 󰲐󰫦 󰭃 󰱮󰰌      󰲒   󰫦󰲐   󰰚  󰲐 ,  󰰚󰲕,  , 󰭃 󰲐 , 󰫤 , 󰲑󰫽   —  󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗 AI  󰲐 󰬎  (Automation)  󰫦 󰭈        󰫦   󰲑    󰭑   (Division of Labour) 󰲒 󰭈      󰫦   , 󰭑     󰰗  (Solidarity)     󰲑  󰰗   󰭑  󰭈󰬎   󰰚,    “ 󰭃” (Mechanical) 󰰉     󰬎 “ 󰫦  ”  󰬁   —     󰰚  󰲒 󰰉  󰫤 󰰚,       󰰣   󰰚  “ 󰫦 󰫦” (Digital Class Struggle)      4.2   󰫦󰫽 󰲐󰫦 󰭃 󰱮󰰌     󰬎 󰰱   󰰥 󰰗     󰲑  • 󰫤 󰬎 :   󰲐 󰫤 󰰱 󰲒  󰫦 󰫮 ,  󰱘  󰱿󰱇 󰫤 (Personalized Learning)     • 󰬎 󰬎󰫾  :  󰱉󰬎 󰬎, 󰲐 󰫦  AI- 󰲐    󰲑󰫽 󰫤󰭃 󰲒 󰭈    •   󰭈 : -󰰙    󰲐   󰫦   󰭃 󰭈󰲑󰬴 󰰱    󰰏 󰲑 󰬉󰲐󰱲  󰲑   󰲐󰫦      󰫦󰫽        󰰚,      “   󰰱” 󰲒       󰰚 4.3  󰬎 󰲑󰬴 󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰬍        󰬎 󰲑󰬴 (Cultural Interaction) 󰫽󰱷 󰲒   󰬍  󰱇 󰰎, 󰬉     - 󰫦 (Co-creator)     ,   󰬂󰫦  󰬍  󰬶   ,   󰭈 , 󰫽  󰭈  󰬉󰲐󰱲   󰰚  “ 󰬎 󰱇 ” (Cultural Power Balance)    —       󰰗    󰰚 󰲑 󰫮 󰭈   󰫮 󰰎 5.       󰭃 󰱮󰰌 󰭃 󰱮󰰌      󰫥   󰫤     󰰚, 󰰎      󰰉  󰫽󰱷 󰲑 󰰚   󰲌 󰲆     󰲗󰫦 󰰎, 󰬉 󰲒 󰰀,   ,  󰫦-󰭃 󰰗    5.1    (Digital Divide)     󰰗,      40%      ,   󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰲐     󰫦           󰫤 󰲒     󰬶   󰱽󰰏    󰲒 󰬴    󰰣      󰰚 󰲐 󰬎󰰉,   “ 󰱮”   (Data-Rich Society) ,    “ -”   (Data-Poor Society) Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 202 5.2     AI  󰲐 󰬎   󰭑 󰫦    󰭈  󰲑    󰰣,  󰰗󰰣,  󰲐 󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗 󰰣  󰭑 󰲒   󰰉  󰲑  󰲑 󰱍 󰲒 󰫥    󰫦      󰰚, 󰱽 󰲒 󰫦   󰲒     󰰚  󰫮󰫦  󰲆   “󰲒  ” (Technological Capitalism)  󰬎  ,   󰫽    󰰣  󰭃 󰰣     󰲒 󰰣       5.3     󰱇  AI 󰲒 󰱇    󰲐 ,      (New Capital)     󰬎    󰭃  󰰚,    󰲒 󰲑    󰰚 Facebook, Google, Amazon       󰭈󰰌󰰣  󰭃  󰰗 󰫤 󰰚  󰭈 ,   󰰗   󰱇- (Power Hierarchy)    —      󰭈    6. 󰫤  󰭃 󰱮󰰌 :  󰬎 󰰩 󰫤 󰬎      ,    󰫤 󰰗 󰲐󰫦  ,    󰲒 󰫦 󰬎 󰭈    󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰫤 󰲒     󰰉   󰲑  6.1 󰫤   󰬎󰰉 AI  󰲐 󰫤 󰰗 󰱿󰱇  󰲒  󰬄   󰲛󰰩 󰬉󰲐󰱲 󰭈󰫽 󰱳 󰰏 󰲒 󰰈,   󰬎    󰬀  󰬶 󰭈   󰰚   󰭃 󰫥    󰭈    󰲑,   󰫽  󰲑  “󰫤–󰬍  ”      󰫤 󰲒  󰫥    “ 󰫦󰫦” 󰰗    6.2 󰫥   󰬎 (Commodification of Knowledge) AI  󰭈  󰫤   “󰫽 ”      󰫦,  󰲄  󰭈  󰭈   󰫥        󰲑  󰫥    󰬎 󰫤    󰬉󰰣       6.3   󰫦 󰰗 󰫤  AI   󰰗  󰫤  (NEP 2020) 󰰗  󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰫤  󰱷      󰬎 󰬎  AI  󰱚󰬴  󰲂󰱳 󰰣 󰰗         󰲑 󰰗 󰫽󰫦  󰰚 󰲑󰬁 󰬶  󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗  󰰣 󰲒 ,      󰫤 󰲒      󰰀 󰰚  AI  󰲐 󰫤              7.    󰬎  AI  󰭈     󰭈󰲅   󰰚   󰲌 󰲆     󰲒 󰬎     ,      󰭈    ,    “ 󰬎 ” 󰬁   7.1   󰬉󰰣  󰭈󰲅 󰫮 󰰗    󰰱    󰰚?  AI 󰫦   —  󰰏 󰭈󰲑󰬴 ,  󰬎  󰬁  󰲄 —  󰫮  󰬍󰫤  ? 󰬉󰲐󰱲  󰬍󰰣 󰱨      󰰚,  󰰗   󰫦󰬶 (Bias)   󰰗        󰰚 7.2  󰬆  (Ethical Responsibility) 󰲑 AI   󰫦 ,  󰲒 󰬆  󰲑󰲒  —  󰲒,  󰲒   󰲒?  󰭈󰲅 “ 󰬆   󰰗󰭅” 󰲒    ,   󰲐   󰰗  󰰎   Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 203 7.3  󰬎     AI  󰲐   󰰗 󰱿󰱇 󰲒   “ 󰭈 ” 󰰗          󰬎   󰰣  󰭈󰬎     󰲐 󰬎󰰉, “󰬎” (Self)  󰬎󰫽  󰰗  — 󰱿󰱇 󰬎   󰱨   󰫦󰲐   󰰗    8.      AI   󰬎 󰭈    󰰗 󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰭈   󰬎󰰣       󰭈   󰲒 󰰎, 󰬉   ,  󰬎    8.1       󰰗 󰲐󰫦   󰬂󰫦, 󰫸,   󰲝󰰩      󰲒   󰬎     󰲑       “󰫦  󰰣”   󰲐 󰰚    󰰥  󰬎  󰰀 , 󰰎 󰫽 󰰗    8.2  󰲗󰫦   󰲐  󰰗 AI  󰭈  AI  󰲐  󰬂, 󰭃- ,  󰫵 󰲄 󰬄 󰰚   󰫦  󰲑    󰲗󰫦 󰬎  󰲒 󰰉       “󰬎  ” (Digitalization of Faith) ,        󰭈  8.3   , 󰬎    AI      󰰱  󰫤  󰰗 󰫽󰫦       󰰣          ,     󰲑 - 󰲐     󰫽       󰰚 󰬎  󰫤󰭃 󰰗    󰬀󰰣  , 󰫽      󰲑 󰰚  󰭈  AI   󰬎  󰰈󰫽  󰰗    9. 󰬍 󰲒 󰲑 :      -󰬎󰫽 󰬍       󰰣  󰫦   ,      󰰱 󰰗     󰰗   -󰰗󰲑󰭅 󰲒   󰲒     9.1  󰲑 AI    󰰗   󰬉󰰣    󰬌  󰫦 󰬏 󰫮  󰲒 󰫦󰰣        UNESCO 󰲒 2023 󰲐󰫦   , “AI    󰲒    ,  󰲑    ” 9.2           󰬎    󰫦  󰰀         󰬶  󰫮, 󰬎   ,  󰫤  󰭈   󰬀     9.3  󰬎 󰫤   AI  󰭈  󰬎 󰬎 ,  󰰱  󰫤,   󰲐 󰫥    󰰗 󰲑      󰬎  󰫤  10. 󰬍󰫦 (Conclusion) 󰭃 󰱮󰰌     󰬎        󰭈  󰲑    󰲒 󰲐󰫦 󰰎, 󰬉    󰫦 󰲒 󰭈󰲑󰬴    󰲌 󰲆     : • 󰬎  “ 󰬎” 󰰗 󰲐󰲗󰫦  󰲒 ; •     “  󰬉󰲐󰱲”   󰲐   󰰚; •  󰬍 󰲒   “ 󰬎” 󰰗    Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10 (III) October2025 204  󰬌  󰲑        󰰗,  󰬀 󰰎 󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰱯󰬌   󰲒    ,  󰲑   󰭃 󰬎         -󰬎󰫽       ,      󰲒        󰫦 (References) 1. Durkheim, E. (1912). The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. 2. Weber, M. (1930). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. 3. Marx, K. (1867). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. 4. Castells, M. (2010). The Rise of the Network Society. 5. Harari, Y. N. (2018). 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. 6. Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. 7. UNESCO Report (2023). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence . 8.     󰲌 󰲐 (2024).     󰲒  . 9.     (2023).  󰲇 󰭃 󰱮󰰌  󰲐󰫦. 10.  󰫤  (2020),    , 󰫤 󰭃 