TYPOLOGY OF VERB WORD GROUP IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 213 TYPOLOGY OF VERB WORD GROUP IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES Nazarboyeva Niginabonu Student of Languages faculty https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17802478 Abstract. This article presents thoughts and comments about the typology of verbs in English and Uzbek languages. Key words: Verb, grammar, category, proportion, indivisibility, inclination, tense, person - number, category, synthetic. The verb differs from other word groups in that it has different categories. In English and Uzbek languages, the verb is a group of words rich in grammatical categories, but the categories of the verb in both languages are different from each other. Sometimes we can observe similarities. In English, there are the following grammatical categories of the verb: Perfect (correlation) category (The category of perfekt (correlation Order)), ratio category (The category of voice), person category (The category of person), number category (The category of number), the category of tense (The category of tense), the category of aspect (The category of aspect), the category of inclination (The category of mood). In modern Uzbek, the grammatical categories of verbs are as follows: Level, participle - infinitive, mood, tense, person - number. Grammatical categories of verbs are expressed by contrasting synthetic or analytical forms of words belonging t5o the verb group. Grammatical categories of verbs are expressed by contrasting synthetic or analytical forms of words belonging to the verb group. The category of mood (The category of mood) shows the relationship between the action and the subject to reality. Due to the different nature of this connection and relationship, there are several types of inclination, and the meanings specific to each type are expressed through special forms. Inflectional forms serve to express modal meanings given by verbs. These modal meanings include reality, hypothesis, doubt, desire. As in other languages, in the present-day English verb system, the declension category is a category specific only to the personal forms of the verb that act as participles in the sentence. There are three types of mood in English grammar: definite mood, imperative mood, and desiring mood. The grammatical category that expresses the relationship of the meaning of the verb to reality is called the category of inclination. There are the following mood categories in English: the indicative mood, the imperative mood, and the oblique mood.Grammatical categories of verbs are expressed by contrasting synthetic or analytical forms of words belonging to the verb group. Grammatical categories of verbs are expressed by contrasting synthetic or analytical forms of words belonging to the verb group. The category of mood (The category of mood) shows the relationship between the action and the subject to reality. Due to the different nature of this connection and relationship, there are several types of inclination, and the meanings specific to each type are expressed through special forms. Inflectional forms serve to express modal meanings given by verbs. These modal meanings include reality, hypothesis, doubt, desire. As in other languages, in the present-day English verb system, the declension category is a category specific only to the personal forms of the verb that act as participles in the sentence. There are three types of mood in English grammar: definite mood, imperative mood, and desiring mood. The grammatical category that INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 214 expresses the relationship of the meaning of the verb to reality is called the category of inclination. There are the following mood categories in English: the indicative mood, the imperative mood, and the oblique mood.Grammatical categories of verbs are expressed by contrasting synthetic or analytical forms of words belonging to the verb group. Grammatical categories of verbs are expressed by contrasting synthetic or analytical forms of words belonging to the verb group. The category of mood (The category of mood) shows the relationship between the action and the subject to reality. Due to the different nature of this connection and relationship, there are several types of inclination, and the meanings specific to each type are expressed through special forms. Inflectional forms serve to express modal meanings given by verbs. These modal meanings include reality, hypothesis, doubt, desire. As in other languages, in the present-day English verb system, the declension category is a category specific only to the personal forms of the verb that act as participles in the sentence. There are three types of mood in English grammar: definite mood, imperative mood, and desiring mood. The grammatical category that expresses the relationship of the meaning of the verb to reality is called the category of inclination. There are the following mood categories in English: the indicative mood, the imperative mood, and the oblique mood. The definite article serves to express the action and state corresponding to real existence. This mood includes all tenses of verbs. These tenses consist of an action or state that is happening, has happened, and will happen. The speaker conveys a message referring to a real action using verb forms and expresses the relation of the action to existence. The modality meaning of the bias of precision is to show the reality of the action without moving away from the message about this action. It means to encourage someone to do something. The meaning of prompting to perform a certain action may consist of commands, prohibitions, requests, etc. In modern English, the imperative form of verbs is similar to the infinitive form of verbs. Only the preposition to in the infinitive form falls in the imperative mood. For example, to place – Place! The negative form of the imperative mood is formed by the auxiliary verb do, as well as the present indefinite and past tense forms of the definite mood. For example: Do not tell him about it. The emphatic form of the imperative is used to strengthen the meaning of ordering and requesting. This is done through the verb do. For example: Do drop calling me Billy in public, Trench. In this sentence, the verb do performs the auxiliary function of strengthening and helps to further strengthen the emotional relationship. Desire serves to express an assumed, possible, desired action, that is, an action that is contrary to actions in real existence. The present tense of desire is expressed in synthetic and analytical forms in English. The synthetic and analytic forms of the subjunctive are different from the synthetic and analytic forms that serve to express other grammatical categories of the verb (for example, tense and type categories). Other analytical forms of the verb have been developed to this day, that is, most of the grammatical meanings characteristic of the verb in Old English are given by different means of expression. But, with the exception of the analytical and synthetic forms of the desire-desire mood, that is, the analytical and synthetic forms of the desiredesire mood in the grammar of the old English language have the same appearance today. For example, let's pay attention to the synthetic forms of desire in the table below: To be To be To give Hozirgi zamon O’tgan zamon Hozirgi zamon I be I were I give He, she, it be He, she, it were He, she, it give We be We were We give You be You were You give They be They were They give The forms be and were in this table are present and past tense. The difference between these two forms is not actually related to the tenses, but they differ in the sense of modality. Because be represents a possible action, while were represents an unrealistic, ambiguous action. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 215 There are 5 types of mood in the Uzbek language: imperative mood, conditional mood, purpose mood, conditional mood, execution mood. The definite article expresses definite action and can be used in any tense and proportion. For example: I am reading an interesting book now. This letter was written by my mother. A command expresses a command and a request. For example: Read, please; Don't read, please. Let me go out; Don't let me go out. The Subjunctive mood is used to express an unreal action and to express the speaker's emotional-exciting attitude to the event. For example: He suggested that the discussion of the question be postponed. If he were here, he would help us. M. Ganishna expresses the opinion that the conditional slope should be divided by 3, while Barkhudarov and Stellings divide the conditional slope by 2. 1. Conditional; 2. Conditioned inclination (conditioned). For example: If he were you he would do it. If he had done his work in time we should go to the theatre now. In the Uzbek language, it is formed by adding the subjunctive - sa and personal - number suffixes. For example: If you open up, you will spread like this, my flower. (Yashin) Person is a number category. (The category of person and number) showing the relationship of an action or process to the speaker by means of the paradigm of verb forms is called the category of person. The personal category of the verb is formed by 2 forms, that is, the form with the suffix - (e)s and the form without the suffix - (e)s. For example: Write – writes; come – comes. - The form without the suffix (e)s is considered an unmarked form, the first and second persons are singular and plural, and the third person is plural. - The form with the suffix (e)s is marked, and the third person represents unity. For example: I (we, you, they) come He (she, it) comes Due to the fact that the category of person is not fully indicated in the verbs of the modern English language, personal pronouns must be present in the sentence. In the Uzbek language, even without the participation of personal pronouns, it is possible to find out by which person the work - action was performed by the verb forms, therefore, when translating from Uzbek to English, personal pronouns are definitely involved in English. For example: (I) work - I work; (she) studies - He (she, it) studies; (we) sleep - We sleep; The number category indicates whether the possessor is plural or singular through verb forms. The number category is expressed in the present tense forms of verbs in the singular, that is, in the third person - (e)s suffix. For example: We speak - he speaks In the Uzbek language, the meanings of person and number are grammatical meanings specific to verbs, and these meanings are expressed through several forms that can be compared to each other. For example: I came - 1st person, you came - 2nd person. Modality category. According to O. Akhmanova, modality is the subjective attitude of the speaker to the expressed opinion and the attitude of the expressed opinion to real reality. The modality category is expressed using the following methods: 1) Using the morphological method. In this method, any sentence is realized or expressed on the basis of a certain mood category, and all the sentences are a morphological method of modality. The German scientist Genosse Bruder says that every sentence has a modality. 2) Using the syntactic method. There are such devices in English that express the necessity, probability and condition of action (It is important for him to study). The syntactic method is expressed using such devices. 3) Using the lexical method. This method is expressed by modal words (certainly; of course; surely; by all means). 4) Using the lexical-grammatical method. This method is expressed by the addition of modal verbs with the infinitive form of the verb. If we talk about the category of aspect, the English verb system has four different groups of forms that express the meanings of time and aspect, and they are expressed in the present, past and future tense forms. These are indefinite, continuous, perfect and continuous perfect aspects. The grammatical category of tense, characteristic of the English verb system, means the relation INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “INTEGRATION OF MODERN LINGUISTICS WITH SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: NEW APPROACHES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES”, DECEMBER 4, 2025 216 of action to the moment of speech. The tense category in verbs is a reflection of time as a form of existence of matter. The action can occur simultaneously with the moment of speech, before the moment of speech and after the moment of speech. Accordingly, verbs have three different tenses, which are called present tense, past tense, and future tense. Such a definition given to the grammatical category of tense is based on the necessity of matching each tense form with the moment of speech, and all the different actions that take place in our matter are manifested on the basis of these three tenses. Thus, the moment of speech is the main point for tense forms. The aspect category characteristic of English verbs shows the manner and nature of the action over time. This indicates that the category of aspect is a grammatical category that determines the nature of the occurrence of an action in a way related to the category of time. From this it can be concluded that the grammatical category of the aspect characteristic of the English verb phraseology performs a secondary function in the language, while the tense category performs a primary function. Such a situation shows that aspect forms cannot exist separately from tense forms. REFERENCES 1. Becker Th. Back-formation, Cross-formation and "Bracketing paradoxes" in Paradigmatic Morphology//Yearbook of Morphology. - London: Arnold, 2003.-P. 1-25. 2. Blokh M.U. A Course in theoretical English grammar. M.: Foreign languages publishing house, 1983. - 379 p. 3. G’apparov M. “Ingiliz tili grammatikasi”, -T.: Turon-iqbol, 2006. - 355 b. 4. Ganshina M, Vasilevskaya. English grammar. – M.: Foreign languages publishing house, 1954. – 348 p. 5. Gordon E.M. Krylova I.P. A Grammar of present–day English – М.: Высшая школа, 1986. - 429 p.