AGE-RELATED MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF TAIL BONE INJURIES

ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1257 UDK: 616.72–002.775 : 613.293–053.9 AGE-RELATED MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF TAIL BONE INJURIES Islamov Jaloliddin Muhammad ugli Email: jalolid[email protected] Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Andijan, Otabekov 1 Phone: (0-374) 223+94-60. Email: info@adti Abstract. Modern confocal multiplex morphometry was used to substantiate the specificity of changes in bone tissue in the digital form of coccyx lesions from a morphometric perspective, and in order to substantiate the age-related changes in coccyx lesions, previously prepared microsamples were scanned, measured at the appropriate points and analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, the highest rate of reparative regeneration as a result of coccyx lesions was at the age of 3448 years, and in older people these indicators confirmed the intensification of the osteoporosis process as a result of destructive and degenerative changes in bone tissue. Key words: coccyx, osteoporosis, confocal morphometry. The urgency of the problem. The average increase in obesity among the world population is 1.573.85 kg per year. In the USA, European countries, and South American people, the average increase in obesity is 3.57 kg per year for each year after the age of 40. This indicates an average body weight of 35 kg or more at the age of 40-59. This indicator is found in 23% of women over the age of 40 in the USA, Europe, and South American countries [1]. As a result, the development of osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis at a general level and, as a result, the development of a sedentary lifestyle. Specifically, in sedentary groups, injuries associated with the coccyx account for 3.47% of all injuries, indicating that an average of 25 million women aged 40-59 worldwide suffer from this disease. This, in turn, once again confirms the urgency of this problem. In the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, this indicator is most common among women aged 50-59, with an average annual obesity rate of 2.27-5.55 kg. One of the main reasons for the obesity rate among women aged 50-59 in Uzbekistan is the early cessation of sexual activity at an average age of 48-53, with a decrease in sexual activity, changes in the endocrine system and the development of diffuse osteoporosis. As a result, the average incidence of diseases related to the spine among women aged 48-59 in our country's population is 42.85, of which 5.8% are diseases related to the coccyx. This requires the start of research work now. Discussion and results. The coccyx is the final end of the vertebral column and is characterized by age-related morphometric parameters in all lesions. In most traumatic lesions, pre-prepared microsamples are taken for morphometric examination of the damaged areas of the tissue and cut into 3-5 μm thick sections. The two-dimensional image obtained by scanning with NanoZoomer was analyzed using the QuPath 0.4.0url. program. The area and volume of the intersecting trajectory planes in the X, Y axes were determined. It should be noted that to obtain average dimensions, at least 10 microsamples from each material were scanned, the sizes obtained were sequentially presented, and the arithmetic mean was obtained. The results were compared with changes in other groups and analyzed. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1258 Figure 51. Morphogram image with measurements of the thickness of the coccyx membrane. Scanned with NanoZoomer and morphometric measurements obtained in NDP.view 2. Stained by GE. Size 10x10. Figure 52. General view of the coccyx. Morphogram image with measurements of the thickness of the epiphyseal border. Scanned with NanoZoomer and morphometric measurements taken in the NDP.view 2 program. Staining GE. Size 4x10. The specificity of the main principles in morphometric injuries of the coccyx was determined, in the period after any injury, the thickness of the beams in the spongy substance of the coccyx was 148.16±1.31μm, and this indicator was equal to 132.25±1.85μm in the 45-59-year-olds (see Table 1). In terms of statistical difference, this indicator decreased by an average of 11% in terms of age, which means that there are differences in the level of reliability inherent in the process, which are statistically significant in terms of more than 10%. In 60-74-year-olds, the average thickness of the bone beams of the spongy substance of the coccyx was 113.12±1.76 μm, and it decreased by 1.3 times compared to group 1 and by 1.17 times compared to group 2. It was found that the bone beams decreased by a total of 30% for age after the injury of ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1259 the coccyx, and it was considered reliable in terms of statistical significance. confirms the reliability of the morphological examination results. In 75-90-year-olds, the thickness of the bone beams is 81.16±2.24 μm, and it is found to be 1.82 times lower than the 1st group, 1.63 times lower than the 2nd group, and 1.4 times lower than the 3rd group. These changes indicate that the coccyx undergoes involution and atrophic changes in the age-related fracture of the coccyx. Morphological examinations also show damage to the coccyx, as well as increased osteoporosis. In 90-year-olds, it was found that the coccyx had osteoporosis, with bone columns having a thickness of 30.01±1.79 μm from the morphometric point of view. In comparison, it was found that the coccyx injuries decreased by 4.93 times compared to the 1st group, decreased by 4.4 times compared to the 2nd group, decreased by 3.77 times compared to the 3rd group, and the thickness of the bone column decreased up to 2.7 times. This means that one of the main aspects of the morphometric indicators in the age-related decreasing order occurred sharply in the damaged coccyx, which means that the involutional atrophic indicators of the coccyx in patients aged 90 years and older are highly developed. Дум суягининг ғовак моддасининг эгаллаган майдони морфологик текширишларда ёшга доир эгаллаган майдонини келтирилган бўлиб, ушбу маълумотлар тахлилини морфометрик текширишлар орқали қуйидаги кўрсаткичлар олинган. In particular, in group 1, in 18-44-year-olds, the area of coccyx bone beams on a surface of 13,000 μm2 was 733.12 ±16.1 μm2, and in group 2, i.e., at 45-59 years of age, this indicator was 601.81 ±19.02 μm2. This indicator also confirms that there are 1.3 times changes among 18-44 and 45-59year-olds. In group 3, the area occupied by bone ridges in the cancellous substance of the coccyx in 60-74-yearolds was 402.06±11.02 μm2, which was 1.82 times less than in group 1, and the area occupied by ridges was 1.5 times less than in group 2. This confirms the above morphological changes from a morphometric perspective. In group 4, the area occupied by bone ridges in the cancellous substance of the coccyx in 75-90-yearolds was 212.15±9.52 μm2, which was 3.45 times less than in group 1, which is a very high difference and confirms the development of osteoporosis. Compared to group 2, it decreased by 2.83 times, while compared to group 3, it decreased by 1.9 times. These decreases confirm periodic age-related changes, which means that the rate of sharp changes exceeds 10-30%. In the 5th group, the occupied area of the bone beams was 101.13 ±5.85 μm2, compared to the 1st group, by 7.25 times, compared to the 2nd group, 5.95 times, 4 times, and 2 times compared to the 5th group. the fact that the area occupied by the bone beams in the porous substance has decreased to 2-7.25 times on average means that the critical level of osteoporosis has been reached in the period after the injury of the coccyx. According to the confocal morphometric indicators of the coccyx, the volume area of the bone beams in the spongy substance of the coccyx was 30.06 mm3, 3.25±0.02mm3 in 18-44-year-olds, and 2.31±0.06mm3 in the 2nd group of 45-59-year-olds. The significance of the statistical differences is 1.4, meaning that there is a reliability significance, and it confirms that the age-related aspects of the morphometric changes have been determined. In group 3, the volume area of the cancellous bone columns in the period after the coccyx injury in 60-74-year-olds was 1.45±0.05 μm3, which is 2.24 times less than in group 1 and 1.6 times less than ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1260 in group 2. It is worth noting that the most noticeable age-related changes in morphological examinations were the sharp reduction of the cancellous bone columns and the cancellous bone columns after the injury, which was confirmed by morphometric examinations. In the 4th group, at the age of 75-90 years, it was 0.53±0.01 mm3, and the volume of the beams sharply decreased periodically, proving the existence of age-related changes. Thus, when comparing the coccyx of 75-90-year-olds with those of 18-44-year-olds, it was found that the volumetric area of the bone columns containing the cancellous substance decreased by 6.13 times. Specifically, this indicator decreased by 4.4 times compared to those aged 45-59, and by 2.7 times compared to those aged 60-74. The periodic decrease in these indicators also confirmed the agerelated decrease. In the 5th group, this indicator is 0.27±0.01 mm3, and the total area of the beams is 1%, it is 12 times compared to the 1st group, 8.5 times compared to the 2nd group, 5.4 times in the 3rd group, and until March 2 in the 4th group. means In the implementation of confocal morphometric measurements of the coccyx bone, the morphogram of the 2-dimensional microimages uploaded through the 3-dimensional software is presented, which allows to confirm and express in numbers the morphologically studied aspects of the coccyx bone in terms of its main features. According to the following indicators, it was found that the volume area of the bone beams in the pore material of the coccyx was 394.02 ±4.17mm3 in 18-44-year-olds. In the 2nd group, in 45-59year-olds, the total area of the bone beams in relation to the cavity is 217.96 ±6.93mm3, and it is determined that it has decreased by 1.8 percent compared to the 1st group. In the 3rd group, it was found that the volume area occupied by the bone beams compared to the bone porous substance in the 60-74-year-old group was 64.99±1.34 mm3 out of 13000 μm3, and it was 4.9%, which decreased by 2.24 times compared to the 1st group, and decreased by 1.6 times compared to the 2nd group. These differences confirm that most of the changes are age-related, implying that the differences in other parts are also close. In the 4th group, 75-90-year-olds have a volume of 13,000 μm3, which is 0.53±0.01 mm3, and the average occupied area is 2.34%. It was found that it decreased by 6.1 times compared to the 1st group, 3.35 times compared to the 2nd group, and 2 times compared to the 3rd group. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1261 Figure 55. A 3D image of the osseous column area of a 40-year-old patient with a coccyx injury. The image was scanned with a NanoZoomer (REF C13140-21.S/N000198/ HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS/431-3196 JAPAN). The image was loaded into QuPath-0.5.0-ImageJ and the spatial shape was measured. Stained with Masson's Trichrome. Figure 56. A 3D image of the osseous column area of a 34-year-old patient with a coccyx injury. Scanned with a NanoZoomer (REF C13140-21.S/N000198/ HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS/4313196 JAPAN). Uploaded to QuPath-0.5.0-ImageJ and spatial shape measured. Stained according to Van Gieson. Figure 57. A 3D image of the osseous column area of a 57-year-old patient with a coccyx injury. The image was scanned with a NanoZoomer (REF C13140-21.S/N000198/ HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS/431-3196 JAPAN). The image was loaded into QuPath-0.5.0-ImageJ and the spatial shape was measured. Stained with Masson's Trichrome. According to differences between the 5th group of 90 years and older, compared to the 1st group it decreased by 12 times, by 8.5 times, compared to the 3rd group by 5.4 times, compared to the 4th group by 2 times. Of course, these indicators confirm the role of duration in coccyx injuries in terms of age and scope. ISSN: 2582-4686 SJIF 2021-3.261,SJIF 20222.889, 2024-6.875 ResearchBib IF: 9.948 / 2024 VOLUME-5, ISSUE-11 1262 According to further morphometric indicators, the thickness of the coccyx membrane is 10.11±0.03 μm3 in 18-44-year-olds, and 17.55±0.02 μm3 in the 2nd group of 45-59-year-olds, which indicates the presence of statistically significant aspects. Specifically, the volumetric thickness of the coccyx membrane is the highest indicator of morphological adaptation in the 45-59-year-old age group, which is explained by the increased volumetric thickness of the connective tissue. In group 3, the volumetric thickness of the coccyx in 60-74-year-olds was 6.14±0.02 μm3, which is 1.64% less than in group 1, and 2.85% less than in group 2, which is considered a criterion indicating the damage-related aspects of the process. In group 4, the volumetric thickness of the coccyx in 75-90-year-olds was 4.21±0.01 μm3, which means that it decreased by 2.4 times compared to group 1, 4.17 times compared to group 2, and 1.4 times compared to group 3. Of course, it should be noted that in morphological studies, a sharp decrease in the bone columns of the coccyx after age-related and traumatic injuries was observed due to the compensatory morphological adaptation mechanism, thickening of the periosteum due to coarse fibrous connective tissue, and the formation of supporting surfaces, which resulted in the deformation and flattening of the thickened ends. The results of confocal morphometric studies also confirmed these data. 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