Standardization landscape and applicable standards

D8.8 – Standardization landscape and applicable standards February 2022 Authors: Ana Benedicto (UNE) Ref. Ares(2022)1378398 - 23/02/2022 A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 2 of 58 1 Technical references Project Acronym Agro2Circular Project Title TERRITORIAL CIRCULAR SYSTEMIC SOLUTION FOR THE UPCYCLING OF RESIDUES FROM THE AGRIFOOD SECTOR Project Coordinator Fuensanta Monzó CETEC [email protected] Project Duration October 2021 – September 2024 (36 months) Deliverable No. D8.8 Dissemination level* PU Work Package WP 8 – A2C outreach: communication, dissemination, exploitation, training & policy recommendations. Task T8.8 – Standardization activities Lead beneficiary Asociación Española de Normalización (UNE) Contributing beneficiary/ies All partners Due date of deliverable 30 February 2022 Actual submission date 30 February 2022 * PU = Public PP = Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Document history V Date Comments v0.1 07/02/2022 First draft of document v0.2 21/02/2022 Revised version based on the comments of the peer reviewers Fuensanta Monzó (CETEC) and Sofia Martínez (CTNC) – Organisation, and a partner’s selection of standards included. V0.3 23/02/2022 Revised version with changes proposed by the WP leader Giuliana Folco from ICONS v1.0 23/02/2022 First final version, approved by the WP leader and the project coordinator, (will be) submitted to EC. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 3 of 58 v1.1 First draft based upon first final version v2.0 Second final version, approved by the WP leader and the project coordinator, (will be) submitted to EC. Document Distribution Log Version Date Distributed to v0.1 07/02/2022 Peer reviewers, Sofía Martínez (CTNC) and Fuensanta Monzó (CETEC) v0.2 22/02/2022 WP leader for approval V1.0 23/02/2022 Coordinator for submission Verification and approval Name Date Verification Final Draft by WP leader Giuliana Folco 23/02/2022 Approval Final Deliverable by coordinator Fuensanta Monzó 23/02/2022 Disclaimer and acknowledgement This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101036838 Disclaimer This document reflects only the views of the author(s) the European Research Executive Agency (REA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Whilst efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this document, the A2C consortium shall not be liable for any errors or omissions, however caused. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 4 of 58 2 Table of contents 1 Technical references ................................................................... 2 2 Table of contents ......................................................................... 4 2.1 List of Figures ...................................................................................................... 5 3 List of abbreviations ..................................................................... 6 4 Executive summary ..................................................................... 7 5 Standardization landscape .......................................................... 8 5.1 Introduction and methodology ........................................................................... 8 5.1.1 Methodology of the document ............................................................................ 8 5.1.2 Short introduction about standardization ............................................................ 9 5.2 Standardization related to A2C project ........................................................... 12 5.2.1 Standardization committees’ overview ............................................................. 12 5.2.2 Standardization on “Circular economy, LCA, biobased products” .................... 14 5.2.3 Standardization on “General waste and biowaste” ........................................... 17 5.2.4 Standardization on “Food, Cosmetics, Extracts” .............................................. 19 5.2.5 Standardization on “Plastics and environment” ................................................ 24 5.2.6 Standardization on “Plastics films and sheets”................................................. 27 5.2.7 Standardization on “Plastic characterization” ................................................... 29 5.2.8 Standardization on “Packaging” ....................................................................... 33 5.2.9 Standardization on “Biotechnology” ................................................................. 35 5.2.10 Standardization on “Information technology” ................................................ 37 6 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................ 41 7 ANNEXES .................................................................................. 42 7.1 Annex 1 .............................................................................................................. 42 A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 5 of 58 2.1 List of Figures Figure 1 – Possible tracks of standards adoption .............................................................. 11 Figure 2 – Example of identification of elements in the code of a standard ....................... 11 A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 6 of 58 3 List of abbreviations CEN European Committee for Standardization CENELEC European Committee for electrotechnical Standardization CWA Workshop Agreements ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute IEC International Electrotechnical Commission ISO International standardization organization SC Subcommittee TC Technical committee TS Technical Specifications TR Technical Reports WG Working group A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 7 of 58 4 Executive summary This deliverable provides information on the standardization landscape and applicable standards relevant for the Agro2Circular Project. In this respect, the aim is to supply starting information for the work packages ensuring compatibility and interoperability with already existing solutions by identifying existing standards and standards under development at European and international levels in the fields of plastics, agricultural wastes, circular economy, recycling and upcycling. On the other hand, the standardization landscape will be useful to identify the main standardization technical committees and possible standardization gaps for further contribution of the A2C project to the ongoing and future standardization. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 8 of 58 5 Standardization landscape 5.1 Introduction and methodology 5.1.1 Methodology of the document This document presents the standardization activity found relevant for the A2C project. In order to structure the research, a list of key concepts was elaborated by UNE, and improved according to the consortium contributions, to act as a starting point for the identification of standardization areas: 1. Circular economy and recycling general standards (including “design for recycling topics” and “design guidelines and protocols for recyclability evaluation”). 2. Waste characterization, classification and treatment (focusing on agri-food waste and plastic waste) 3. Extracts (carotenoids, fibres, phenolic compounds) for food, cosmetics and nutraceutics: extracts quality and safety criteria and characterisation (technological and nutritional capabilities). 4. Contaminants in vegetable products, food cosmetics and nutraceutics 5. Plastics: recycling, upcycling, biodegradability and characterization (mechanical, thermal & rheological properties), bioplastics using microbes. 6. Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs. Film and food packaging (barrier properties, biodegradation, migration tests, optical properties, weldability) + (mechanical properties) 7. Barrier films in agriculture (agricultural mulching and films for disinfection) 8. Industrial data integration, product & packaging digital identity, blockchain. 9. Microbial biotechnology (or microbial-based processes): metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. The standardization study covers European standardization developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 9 of 58 (ETSI), and also the international standardization developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Other standardization organizations as GSI and ASTM have been included. The first result of the research carried out by UNE (preselection of documents and technical committees, see Annex I) was shared with the consortium and the A2C partners were asked to select the interesting documents for their tasks and to add other relevant missing standards. Then, the submitted feedbacks from the different partners were compiled and the list of documents and technical committees was updated according to the consortium contribution. The final result of the A2C standardization landscape is described in the section 6.2 of this deliverable. The study has been structured in standardization areas: the relevant standardization technical committees (TCs), published standards and standards under development within each area. The relationship among TCs, standards and the A2C project has been explained (see section 6.2). 5.1.2 Short introduction about standardization Standards are voluntary technical documents that set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service, or describe in detail a particular method, procedure or best practice. Standards are developed and defined through a process of knowledge sharing and consensus building among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders - including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others. These experts are organized in Technical Committees (TCs), which are subdivided in Subcommittees (SCs) or Working Groups (WGs). These TCs are included in the structure of the Standardization Organizations (National, European and International, with the respective mirror committees) and work following their internal regulations. The standardization bodies operate at National (UNE, AFNOR, BSI, DIN, etc.), Regional (CEN, CENELEC, ETSI) or International (ISO, IEC, ITU) level. Sometimes there are different standardization bodies at the same level, but covering different fields. This is the case of A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 16 of 58 EN ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework (ISO 14040:2006) EN ISO 14040:2006/A1:2020 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework - Amendment 1 (ISO 14040:2006/Amd 1:2020) EN ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines (ISO 14044:2006) EN ISO 14044:2006/A1:2018 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines - Amendment 1 (ISO 14044:2006/Amd 1:2017) EN ISO 14044:2006/A2:2020 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines - Amendment 2 (ISO 14044:2006/Amd 2:2020) EN ISO 14045:2012 Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14045:2012) EN ISO 14046:2016 Environmental management - Water footprint - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14046:2014) ISO 14067:2018 Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification Standards under revision or under development ISO/WD 59004 Circular economy — Framework and principles for implementation ISO/WD 59010.2 Circular economy — Guidelines on business models and value chains ISO/WD 59020.2 Circular economy — Measuring circularity framework ISO/CD TR 59031 Circular economy – Performance-based approach – Analysis of cases studies ISO/DTR 59032.2 Circular economy - Review of business model implementation ISO/AWI 59040 Circular Economy — Product Circularity Data Sheet prEN 50729 (WI=JT010006) Method to achieve circular designs of products BIO-BASED PRODUCTS Existing standards CEN/TR 16721:2014 Bio-based products - Overview of methods to determine the bio-based content CEN/TR 16957:2016 Bio-based products - Guidelines for Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for the Endof-life phase CEN/TR 17341:2019 Bio-based products - Examples of reporting on sustainability criteria EN 16575:2014 Bio-based products - Vocabulary EN 16751:2016 Bio-based products - Sustainability criteria EN 16760:2015 Bio-based products - Life Cycle Assessment EN 17228:2019 Plastics - Bio-based polymers, plastics, and plastics products - Terminology, characteristics and communication A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 17 of 58 ISO 16620-1:2015 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 1: General principles ISO 16620-2:2019 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 2: Determination of biobased carbon content ISO 16620-3:2015 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 3: Determination of biobased synthetic polymer content ISO 16620-4:2016 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 4: Determination of biobased mass content ISO 16620-5:2017 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 5: Declaration of biobased carbon content, biobased synthetic polymer content and biobased mass content ISO 22526-1:2020 Plastics — Carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastics — Part 1: General principles ISO 22526-2:2020 Plastics — Carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastics — Part 2: Material carbon footprint, amount (mass) of CO2 removed from the air and incorporated into polymer molecule ISO 22526-3:2020 Plastics — Carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastics — Part 3: Process carbon footprint, requirements and guidelines for quantification Standards under revision or under development ISO/AWI 16620-4 Plastics — Biobased content — Part 4: Determination of biobased mass content ISO/DIS 22526-4 Plastics — Carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastics — Part 4: Environmental (total) footprint (Life Cycle Assessment) 5.2.3 Standardization on “General waste and biowaste” The technical committee CEN/TC 444 - Environmental characterization of solid matrices is responsible for the standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “General waste and biowaste”. The scope of this TC is the standardization of methods for the environmental characterization of soil, solid and liquid waste, biowaste and sludge. This covers: - Sampling, assessment methods and vocabulary - Digestion / extraction, chemical analysis, physical methods, quality assurance and quality control (laboratories); A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 18 of 58 - Where appropriate and decided by matrix specific environmental Technical Committees: leaching tests, screening methods, sample pretreatment, biological and microbiological analysis, reporting. Excluded are: sampling, assessment methods and vocabulary related to sludge, which are covered by CEN/TC 308 'Characterization and management of sludges'. The standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “General waste and biowaste” are listed below. CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE Existing Standards CEN/TR 15018:2005 Characterization of waste - Digestion of waste samples using alkali-fusion techniques CEN/TR 16110:2010 Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste CEN/TR 16130:2011 Characterization of waste - On-site verification CEN/TR 16193:2013 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli CEN/TS 15937:2013 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of specific electrical conductivity CEN/TS 16177:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Extraction for the determination of extractable ammonia, nitrate and nitrite CEN/TS 16189:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) or mass selective detection (MS) CEN/TS 16800:2020 Guideline for the validation of physico-chemical analytical methods EN 13657:2002 Characterization of waste - Digestion for subsequent determination of aqua regia soluble portion of elements EN 14735:2021 Characterization of waste - Preparation of waste samples for ecotoxicity tests EN 15002:2015 Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample EN 15216:2021 Environmental solid matrices - Determination of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water and eluates EN 15309:2007 Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 19 of 58 EN 15527:2008 Characterization of waste - Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in waste using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) EN 15933:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of pH EN 15934:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Calculation of dry matter fraction after determination of dry residue or water content EN 15935:2021 Soil, waste, treated biowaste and sludge - Determination of loss on ignition EN 15936:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste - Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) by dry combustion EN 16166:2021 Soil, treated biowaste and sludge - Determination of adsorbed organically bound halogens (AOX) EN 16168:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of total nitrogen using dry combustion method EN 16169:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of Kjeldahl nitrogen EN 16170:2016 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) EN 16171:2016 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Determination of elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) EN 16181:2018 Soil, treated biowaste and sludge - Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) EN 17322:2020 Environmental Solid Matrices - Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by gas chromatography - mass selective detection (GC-MS) or electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) EN ISO 54321:2021 Soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste - Digestion of aqua regia soluble fractions of elements (ISO 54321:2020) Standards under revision or under development (WI=00444044) Characterization of waste - Determination of the content of elements and substances in waste 5.2.4 Standardization on “Food, Cosmetics, Extracts” This section describes the activity of the main technical committees (TC) or subcommittees (SC) that are responsible for the standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Food, Cosmetics, Extracts”. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 20 of 58 • CEN/TC 275 Food analysis - Horizontal methods Standardization of methods of analysis for the detection and/or determination of: - additives, residues, biotoxins and contaminants in food, - nutrients in food and food supplements, - irradiated foodstuffs, - food allergens and food substances causing intolerances, - genetically modified foodstuffs, In general, CEN/TC 275 does not elaborate standards on terminology, but sometimes on requirements/criteria for methods. • ISO/TC 34 Food products Standardization in the field of human and animal foodstuffs, covering the food chain from primary production to consumption, as well as animal and vegetable propagation materials, in particular, but not limited to, terminology, sampling, methods of test and analysis, product specifications, food and feed safety and quality management and requirements for packaging, storage and transportation. • ISO/TC 34/SC 3 Fruits and vegetables and their derived products Standardization in the field of fruit and vegetable and their derived products, in particular, terminology, sampling, product specifications, requirements for packaging, storage, transportation, methods of tests and analysis. • ISO/TC 217 Cosmetics Standardization in the field of cosmetic products • CEN/TC 392 – Cosmetics The purpose of the CEN TC 392 is to develop appropriate standards in the field of cosmetics to the final benefit of consumer health and well being. However, it is recognized that certain products (substances or mixtures), although applied to the body for decorative purposes, do not fall under the definition of cosmetic products. CEN TC 392 will consider such products when appropriate and justified by shared technical challenges. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 21 of 58 • ISO/TC 54 - Essential oils Standardization of methods of analysis and specifications for essential oils. The standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Food, Cosmetics, Extracts” are listed below. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, AND FOOD PRODUCTS (EUROPEAN STANDARDS) Elements and their chemical species EN 13804:2013 Foodstuffs - Determination of elements and their chemical species - General considerations and specific requirements EN 14083:2003 Foodstuffs - Determination of trace elements - Determination of lead, cadmium, chromium and molybdenum by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after pressure digestion EN 14084:2003 Foodstuffs - Determination of trace elements - Determination of lead, cadmium, zinc, copper and iron by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after microwave digestion EN 14627:2005 Foodstuffs - Determination of trace elements - Determination of total arsenic and selenium by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) after pressure digestion EN 15763:2009 Foodstuffs - Determination of trace elements - Determination of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in foodstuffs by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pressure digestion EN 16943:2017 Foodstuffs - Determination of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur and zinc by ICP-OES Pesticides CEN/TR 15641:2007 Food analysis - Determination of pesticide residues by LC-MS/MS - Tandem mass spectrometric parameters CEN/TR 16468:2013 Food analysis - Determination of pesticide residues by GC-MS - Retention times, mass spectrometric parameters and detector response information CEN/TR 16699:2014 Foodstuffs - Determination of pesticide residues by GC-MS/MS - Tandem mass spectrometric parameters EN 15637:2008 Foods of plant origin - Determination of pesticide residues using LC-MS/MS following methanol extraction and clean-up using diatomaceous earth A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 22 of 58 EN 15662:2018 Foods of plant origin - Multimethod for the determination of pesticide residues using GCand LC-based analysis following acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and clean-up by dispersive SPE - Modular QuEChERS-method Toxins CEN/TR 15298:2006 Foodstuffs - Sample comminution for mycotoxins analysis - Comparison between dry milling and slurry mixing EN 14177:2003 Foodstuffs - Determination of patulin in clear and cloudy apple juice and puree - HPLC method with liquid/liquid partition clean-up EN 15890:2010 Foodstuffs - Determination of patulin in fruit juice and fruit based purée for infants and young children - HPLC method with liquid/liquid partition cleanup and solid phase extraction and UV detection EN 17203:2021 Foodstuffs - Determination of citrinin in food by HPLC-MS/MS EN 17279:2019 Foodstuffs - Multimethod for the screening of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1 and B2, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and zearalenone in foodstuffs, excluding foods for infants and young children, by LC-MS/MS Nitrate, nitrite EN 12014-1:1997 Foodstuffs - Determination of nitrate and/or nitrite content - Part 1: General considerations EN 12014-1:1997/A1:1999 Foodstuffs - Determination of nitrate and/or nitrite content - Part 1: General considerations EN 12014-2:2017 Foodstuffs - Determination of nitrate and/or nitrite content - Part 2: HPLC/IC method for the determination of nitrate content of vegetables and vegetable products EN 12014-7:1998 Foodstuffs - Determination of nitrate and/or nitrite content - Part 7: Continuous flow method for the determination of nitrate content of vegetables and vegetable products after Cadmium reduction Vitamins and Carotenoids EN 12823-1:2014 Foodstuffs - Determination of vitamin A by high performance liquid chromatography - Part 1: Measurement of all-E-retinol and 13-Z-retinol EN 12823-2:2000 Foodstuffs - Determination of vitamin A by high performance liquid chromatography - Part 2: Measurements of Beta-carotene EN 14122:2014 Foodstuffs - Determination of vitamin B1 by high performance liquid chromatography EN 14152:2014 Foodstuffs - Determination of vitamin B2 by high performance liquid chromatography EN 14164:2014 Foodstuffs - Determination of vitamin B6 by high performance chromatography A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 23 of 58 EN 15607:2009 Foodstuffs - Determination of d-biotin by HPLC EN 15652:2009 Foodstuffs - Determination of niacin by HPLC EN 12136:1997 Fruit and vegetable juices - Determination of total carotenoid content and individual carotenoid fractions FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, AND FOOD PRODUCTS (INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS) ISO 874:1980 Fresh fruits and vegetables — Sampling ISO 1955:1982 Citrus fruits and derived products — Determination of essential oils content (Reference method) ISO 6635:1984 Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of nitrite and nitrate content — Molecular absorption spectrometric method ISO 8128-1:1993 Apple juice, apple juice concentrates and drinks containing apple juice — Determination of patulin content — Part 1: Method using high-performance liquid chromatography ISO 5498:1981 Agricultural food products — Determination of crude fibre content — General method ISO 6541:1981 Agricultural food products — Determination of crude fibre content — Modified Scharrer method ISO 7002:1986 Agricultural food products — Layout for a standard method of sampling from a lot ISO/TS 19657:2017 Definitions and technical criteria for food ingredients to be considered as natural ISO/TR 23304:2021 Food products — Guidance on how to express vitamins and their vitamers content ISO 23443:2020 Infant formula and adult nutritionals — Determination of β-carotene, lycopene and lutein by reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) COSMETICS EN ISO 22716:2007 Cosmetics - Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) - Guidelines on Good Manufacturing Practices (ISO 22716:2007, Corrected version 2008-05-15) EN ISO 17516:2014 Cosmetics - Microbiology - Microbiological limits (ISO 17516:2014) CEN ISO/TR 19838:2016 Microbiology - Cosmetics - Guidelines for the application of ISO standards on Cosmetic Microbiology (ISO/TR 19838:2016) EN ISO 29621:2017 Cosmetics - Microbiology - Guidelines for the risk assessment and identification of microbiologically low-risk products (ISO 29621:2017) CEN ISO/TR 24475:2013 Cosmetics - Good Manufacturing Practices - General training document (ISO/TR 24475:2010) ESSENTIAL OILS A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 24 of 58 ISO/TS 210:2014 Essential oils — General rules for packaging, conditioning and storage ISO/TS 211:2014 Essential oils — General rules for labelling and marking of containers ISO 212:2007 Essential oils — Sampling ISO 9910:1991 Oil of sweet orange — Determination of the total carotenoids content 5.2.5 Standardization on “Plastics and environment” This section describes the activity of the main technical committees (TC), subcommittees (SC) or working groups (WG) that are responsible for the standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Plastics and environment”. • CEN/TC 249 – Plastics Standardization of: o terminology, o test methods, o specifications, classifications and designation systems, o environmental aspects, o joining systems and techniques, of plastics, plastic-based materials, semi-finished products and products (thermoplastics, thermosets, degradable plastics, bio-based polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, composites, reinforcement products for plastics, recyclates). • CEN/TC 249/WG 11 - Plastics/Plastics recycling Standardization related to the characterization of recycled plastics and requirements for application of plastic recyclates in products. • CEN/TC 249/WG 24 - Plastics/Environmental aspects Strategic aspects and coordination of all standardization activities in the field of plastics relating to environmental aspects. The focus is on, but not limited to biobased plastics, biodegradability, carbon and environmental footprint, circular A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 25 of 58 economy and resource efficiency, microplastics and plastics in the environment, recycling and waste management. • CEN/TC 249/WG 9 - Plastics/Bio-based and biodegradable plastics The scope of this working group is described above in 6.2.2. • ISO/TC 61/SC 14 - Plastics/Environmental aspects The scope of this subcommittee is described above in 6.2.2. The standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Plastics and environment” are listed below. PLASTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Plastics recycling Existing standars CEN/TR 15353:2007 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Guidelines for the development of standards for recycled plastics CEN/TS 16010:2020 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Sampling procedures for testing plastics waste and recyclates CEN/TS 16011:2013 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Sample preparation CEN/TS 17627:2021 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Determination of solid contaminants content EN 15342:2007 Plastics - Recycled Plastics - Characterization of polystyrene (PS) recyclates EN 15343:2007 Plastics - Recycled Plastics - Plastics recycling traceability and assessment of conformity and recycled content EN 15344:2021 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterization of Polyethylene (PE) recyclates EN 15347:2007 Plastics - Recycled Plastics - Characterisation of plastics wastes ISO 15270:2008 Plastics — Guidelines for the recovery and recycling of plastics waste ISO 17088:2021 Plastics — Organic recycling — Specifications for compostable plastics ISO/TR 23891:2020 Plastics — Recycling and recovery — Necessity of standards Standards under revision or under development prEN 15347 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterisation of sorted plastics wastes prEN 15348 Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) recyclates (WI=00249A3C) Plastics — Quality requirements for application of plastic recyclates in products — Part 2 : Polyethylene (PE) A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 32 of 58 ASTM D3985-17 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor ASTM F1249-13 Standard Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared Sensor PLASTIC Mechanical behavior EN ISO 75-1:2020 Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 1: General test method EN ISO 178:2019 Plastics — Determination of flexural properties EN ISO 179-1:2010 Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Noninstrumented impact test EN ISO 179-2:2020 Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 2: Instrumented impact test EN ISO 180:2019 Plastics — Determination of Izod impact strength EN ISO 306:2013 Plastics — Thermoplastic materials — Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST) ISO 458-1:1985 Plastics — Determination of stiffness in torsion of flexible materials — Part 1: General method EN ISO 527-1:2019 Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles EN ISO 527-2:2012 Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics EN ISO 604:2003 Plastics — Determination of compressive properties EN ISO 899-1:2017 Plastics — Determination of creep behaviour — Part 1: Tensile creep EN ISO 899-2:2003 Plastics — Determination of creep behaviour — Part 2: Flexural creep by three-point loading ISO 974:2000 Plastics — Determination of the brittleness temperature by impact EN ISO 2039-1:2003 Plastics — Determination of hardness — Part 1: Ball indentation method ISO 6601:2002 Plastics — Friction and wear by sliding — Identification of test parameters EN ISO 8256:2004 Plastics — Determination of tensile-impact strength ISO 9352:2012 Plastics — Determination of resistance to wear by abrasive wheels EN ISO 13802:2015 Plastics — Verification of pendulum impact-testing machines — Charpy, Izod and tensile impact-testing EN ISO 2039-2:1999 Plastics — Test specimens A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 33 of 58 5.2.8 Standardization on “Packaging” This section describes the activity of the main technical committees (TC) or subcommittees (SC) that are responsible for the standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Packaging”. • CEN/TC 261 – Packaging CEN/TC 261 is responsible for the elaboration of standards dealing with terminology, dimensions, capacities, marking, test methods, performance requirements and environmental aspects in the field of packaging and unit loads. The field covers primary, secondary and transport packaging and unit loads, whatever the materials, shapes, contents or distribution system used. • CEN/TC 261/SC 4 - Packaging and Environment This field covers all environment related aspects of packaging. SC4 will, among other things, deal with the following aspects: - material recovery, - energy recovery, - other types of recovery, - degradability, - symbology, - terminology, - determination of environmental impacts criteria. • ISO/TC 122/SC 4 - Packaging and the environment • CEN/TC 194 - Utensils in contact with food Standardization in the field of kitchen, table and household utensils, used in the preparation, cooking, serving and consumption of food and beverage, domestically and in catering establishments. Standardization of conditions of storage and transportation of catering containers containing prepared foodstuffs. The standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Packaging” are listed below. PACKAGING A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 34 of 58 EN 26590-2:1992 Packaging — Sacks — Vocabulary and types — Part 2: Sacks made from thermoplastic flexible film Packaging and environment CEN/TR 13910:2010 Packaging - Report on criteria and methodologies for life cycle analysis of packaging ISO 18604:2013 Packaging and the environment — Material recycling ISO 21067-2:2015 Packaging — Vocabulary — Part 2: Packaging and the environment terms CONTACT WITH FOODSTUFF Existing standards CEN/TR 15356-1:2006 Validation and interpretation of analytical methods, migration testing and analytical data for materials and articles in contact with food - Part 1: General considerations EN 13130-1:2004 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics substances subject to limitation - Part 1: Guide to test methods for the specific migration of substances from plastics to foods and food simulants and the determination of substances in plastics and the selection of conditions of exposure to food simulants EN 13130-2:2004 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics substances subject to limitation - Part 2: Determination of terephthalic acid in food simulants EN 13130-7:2004 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics substances subject to limitation - Part 7: Determination of monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in food simulants CEN/TS 1313015:2005 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics substances subject to limitation - Part 15: Determination of 1,3-butadiene in food simulants EN 1186-1:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 1: Guide to the selection of conditions and test methods for overall migration EN 1186-2:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 2: Test methods for overall migration into olive oil by total immersion EN 1186-3:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 3: Test methods for overall migration into aqueous food simulants by total immersion EN 1186-4:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 4: Test methods for overall migration into olive oil by cell EN 1186-5:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 5: Test methods for overall migration into aqueous food simulants by cell EN 1186-6:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 6: Test methods for overall migration into olive oil using a pouch A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 35 of 58 EN 1186-7:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 7: Test methods for overall migration into aqueous food simulants using a pouch EN 1186-8:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 8: Test methods for overall migration into olive oil by article filling EN 1186-9:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 9: Test methods for overall migration into aqueous food simulants by article filling EN 1184:1997 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 10: Test methods for overall migration into olive oil (modified method for use in cases where incomplete extraction of olive oil occurs) EN 1186-11:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 11: Test methods for overall migration into mixtures of C-labelled synthetic triglycerides EN 1186-12:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 12: Test methods for overall migration at low temperatures EN 1186-13:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 13: Test methods for overall migration at high temperatures EN 1186-14:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 14: Test methods for 'substitute tests' for overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using test media iso-octane and 95 % ethanol EN 1186-15:2002 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 15: Alternative test methods to migration into fatty food simulants by rapid extraction into isooctane and/or 95 % ethanol Standards under revision or under development prEN 1186-2 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 2: Test methods for overall migration in vegetable oils prEN 1186-3 Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs - Plastics - Part 3: Test methods for overall migration in evaporable simulants 5.2.9 Standardization on “Biotechnology” The technical committee CEN/TC 233 - Biotechnology is responsible for the standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Biotechnology”. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 36 of 58 The scope of this TC is the standardization in the field of biotechnology, particularly in relation to food, pharmaceuticals and agriculture, to support the development of the industry as well as to provide a safety framework for workers, consumers and environment with four main tasks: - biotechnical research, development and analysis in laboratories; - performance criteria for equipment used in biotechnology, especially as regards the problems of cleanability, sterilizability and leak tightness; - large scale production operations; - release into the environment of genetically modified organisms. The standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Biotechnology” are listed below. BIOTECHNOLOGY EN 12075:1997 Biotechnology - Large-scale process and production - Procedures for fermentation and downstream processes EN 12128:1998 Biotechnology - Laboratories for research, development and analysis - Containment levels of microbiology laboratories, areas of risk, localities and physical safety requirements EN 12296:1998 Biotechnology - Equipment - Guidance on testing procedures for cleanability EN 12297:1998 Biotechnology - Equipment - Guidance on testing procedures for sterilizability EN 12298:1998 Biotechnology - Equipment - Guidance on testing procedures for leak tightness EN 12307:1997 Biotechnology - Large-scale process and production - Guidance for good practice, procedures, training and control for personnel EN 12460:1998 Biotechnology - Large-scale process and production - Guidance on equipment selection and installation in accordance with the biological risk EN 12461:1998 Biotechnology - Large scale process and production - Guidance for the handling, inactivating and testing of waste EN 12462:1998 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for pumps EN 12689:1998 Biotechnology - Guidance on assessment of the purity, biological activity and stability of microorganism based products EN 12690:1999 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for shaft seals EN 12740:1999 Biotechnology - Laboratories for research, development and analysis - Guidance for handling, inactivating and testing of waste EN 12741:1999 Biotechnology - Laboratories for research, development and analysis - Guidance for biotechnology laboratory operations EN 12884:1999 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for centrifuges A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 37 of 58 EN 12885:1999 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for cell disrupters EN 13091:1999 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for filter elements and filtration assemblies EN 13092:1999 Biotechnology - Equipment - Guidance on sampling and inoculation procedures EN 13095:1999 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for off-gas systems EN 13311-1:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for vessels - Part 1: General performance criteria EN 13311-2:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for vessels - Part 2: Pressure protection devices EN 13311-3:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for vessels - Part 3: Glass pressure vessels EN 13311-4:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for vessels - Part 4: Bioreactors EN 13311-5:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for vessels - Part 5: Kill tanks EN 13311-6:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for vessels - Part 6: Chromatography columns EN 13312-1:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for piping and instrumentation - Part 1: General performance criteria EN 13312-2:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for piping and instrumentation - Part 2: Couplings EN 13312-3:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for piping and instrumentation - Part 3: Sampling and inoculation devices EN 13312-4:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for piping and instrumentation - Part 4: Tubes and pipes EN 13312-5:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for piping and instrumentation - Part 5: Valves EN 13312-6:2001 Biotechnology - Performance criteria for piping and instrumentation - Part 6: Equipment probes EN 1619:1996 Biotechnology - Large-scale process and production - General requirements for management and organization for strain conservation procedures EN 1620:1996 Biotechnology - Large-scale process and production - Plant building according to the degree of hazard EN 1826:1996 Biotechnology - Large-scale process and production - Control procedures for raw materials 5.2.10 Standardization on “Information technology” This section describes the activity of the main technical committees (TC), subcommittees (SC) or groups that are responsible for the standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Information technology”. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 38 of 58 • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques Standardization of data formats, data syntax, data structures, data encoding, and technologies for the process of automatic identification and data capture and of associated devices utilized in inter-industry applications and international business interchanges and for mobile applications. • ISO/TC 307 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies Standardisation of blockchain technologies and distributed ledger technologies. ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) Permissioned Distributed Ledger (PDL). This group analyzes and provides the foundations for the operation of permissioned distributed ledgers, with the ultimate purpose of creating an open ecosystem of industrial solutions to be deployed by different sectors, fostering the application of these technologies, and therefore contributing to consolidate the trust and dependability on information technologies supported by global, open telecommunications networks. • ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) Experiential Networked Intelligence (ENI). The Experiential Networked Intelligence Industry Specification Group (ENI ISG) is defining a Cognitive Network Management architecture, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and context-aware policies to adjust offered services based on changes in user needs, environmental conditions and business goals. It therefore fully benefits the 5G networks with automated service provision, operation, and assurance, as well as optimized slice management and resource orchestration. ENI has also launched Proof of Concepts (PoCs) aiming to demonstrate how AI techniques can be used to assist network operation including 5G. • GS1 AISBL Standardization mainly for identifying, capturing and sharing information of products and services. A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 39 of 58 The standards selected as the more relevant ones for the A2C project in the field of “Information technology” are listed below. AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION AND DATA CAPTURE ISO/IEC 18004:2015 Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — QR Code bar code symbology specification ISO/IEC 15459-4:2014 Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Unique identification — Part 4: Individual products and product packages ISO/IEC TR 24729-1:2008 Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Implementation guidelines — Part 1: RFID-enabled labels and packaging supporting ISO/IEC 18000-6C ISO 17364:2013 Supply chain applications of RFID — Returnable transport items (RTIs) and returnable packaging items (RPIs) ISO 17366:2013 Supply chain applications of RFID — Product packaging ISO 17367:2013 Supply chain applications of RFID — Product tagging GS1/EPCIS 2.0 EPCIS Standard: enables disparate applications to create and share visibility event data, both within and across enterprises GS1/CVB 2.0 Comprehensive Business Vocabulary (CBV) Standard specifies the structure of vocabularies and specific values for the vocabulary elements to be utilised in conjunction with the GS1 EPCIS standard GS1/Digital Link GS1 Digital Link Standard: enabling consistent representation of GS1 identification keys within web addresses to link to online information and services BLOCKCHAIN Existing standards ISO 22739:2020 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Vocabulary ISO/TR 23244:2020 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Privacy and personally identifiable information protection considerations ISO/TS 23258:2021 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Taxonomy and Ontology ISO/TR 23455:2019 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Overview of and interactions between smart contracts in blockchain and distributed ledger technology systems ISO/TR 23576:2020 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Security management of digital asset custodians ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)Published Permissioned Distributed Ledger (PDL); Landscape of Standards and Technologies A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 40 of 58 ETSI GR PDL 004 V1.1.1 (2021-02)Published Permissioned Distributed Ledgers (PDL); Smart Contracts; System Architecture and Functional Specification ETSI GR ENI 016 V2.1.1 (2021-07)Published Experiential Networked Intelligence (ENI); Functional Concepts for Modular System Operation ETSI GS CIM 004 V1.1.2 (2020-06)Published Context Information Management (CIM); Application Programming Interface (API) Standards under revision or under development ISO/DTR 3242 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies – Use cases ISO/WD TR 6039 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Identifiers of subjects and objects for the design of blockchain systems ISO/AWI 7603 Decentralized Identity standard for the identification of subjects and objects ISO 23257 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies — Reference architecture ISO/AWI TS 23516 Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology — Interoperability Framework ISO/DTR 23644 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies - Overview of trust anchors for DLT-based identity management (TADIM) A2C – Deliverable D8.8V1.0 Page 41 of 58 6 CONCLUSIONS The standardization landscape around the A2C project has been elucidated. A comprehensive list of the main standards (and other documents within the standardization system, as Technical Specifications and Technical Reports) related to the A2C research and development activities has been elaborated throughout the A2C partners collaboration. The standardization Technical Committees which are responsible for the development and maintenance of these documents have been also identified. Consequently, the following objectives have been achieved: ✓ Identification of documents (Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports) that can be directly applied in the A2C activities, or/and that can be used as a valuable information source. ✓ Identification of relevant standardization Technical Committees for A2C project, allowing the monitorization of their future activities. ✓ Awareness of the present standardization framework around the A2C knowledge areas, that will allow in the next steps to identify possible contributions of the A2C project to the on-going and future standardization developments. ✓ Insight into the state of the art, that will be the base for the specification of an A2C strategy concerning its interaction with the European standardisation system. 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