Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding complementary therapies for labour pain among Nurses in selected hospital

 Corresponding author: Anitha Martin Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding complementary therapies for labour pain among Nurses in selected hospital Poonam and Anitha Martin * Rohilkhand college of Nursing, Bareilly international University, Bareilly, U.P, India,243006. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(02), 468-473 Publication history: Received on 23 September 2025; revised on 02 November 2025; accepted on 05 November 2025 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.2.3726 Abstract Introduction: Labour pain is the painful sensation experienced during childbirth and this pain is varies greatly and it is subjective for each person. Many mothers not prefer to go for the invasive and pharmacological methods of pain relief in labour and seek complementary therapies for the very minimal side effects for both the mother and the baby and easy to take. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding complementary therapies for labor pain among staff Nurses. Material and Methods: A evaluative approach one group pre and posttest design were used, the study was conducted in a selected hospital at Punjab.30 Nurses were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with the use of structured knowledge questionnaire. Pretest was collected and structured teaching plan on complementary therapies for labour pain was administered to staff Nurses. After 15 days the post test was conducted and data was analyzed. The result of the study revealed that in pretest 25(83.33%) of Nurses had inadequate knowledge, 05 (16.6) had moderate. Post test result revealed that out of 30 Nurses 10(33.33%) nurses had moderate knowledge, 20(66.66%) had adequate knowledge and no one had inadequate knowledge. While comparing knowledge between pretest and posttest the difference mean value was 9.90 with a standard deviation of 4.49 and calculated t value was 12.05.It was statistically significant at P<0.05 level. Conclusion: Hence the structured teaching program is effective in imparting the knowledge on complementary therapies for labour pain among staff nurses. Keywords: Knowledge; Effectiveness; Staff Nurses; Complementary Therapies; Labour Pain 1. Introduction Labour is the active process of delivering a fetus and is characterized by regular, painful uterine contractions which increase in frequency and intensity [1] [2]. Environment also can influence pain perception in several ways. The appearance of the birthing facility the amount of noise and light, The temperature of the room, and the amount of space and equipment in the room contribute to the degree of strangers of the environment. Another important aspects of the environment is the philosophy of care and practice policies of the providers and moreover a positive approach can help to decrease pain perception [3].The pattern of labour pain is differs between nulliparous and multiparous women and it is well documented that pain scores are higher in the nulliparous as compared to the multiparous woman. Many mothers not prefer to go for the invasive and pharmacological methods of pain relief in labour and seek complementary therapies for the very minimal side effects for both the mother and the baby and easy to take.[5] [6] . World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(02), 468-473 469 Objectives • To assess the level of knowledge regarding complementary therapies for labor pain among staff nurses • To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding complementary therapies for labor pain among staff nurses • To find an association between the posttest level of knowledge regarding complementary therapies for labor pain among staff nurses and with their demographic variables 2. Materials and methods • Research Approach: Quantitative Approach • Research Design: Preexperimental one group pretest posttest research design • Setting of the study: Selected hospital at Punjab • Population: Staff Nurses • Sample: Staff Nurses working in the selected hospital • Sampling Technique: Non-Probability Convenient Sampling 2.1. Inclusion criteria The staff nurses who were willing to participate in the study. The staff Nurse who were available at the time of date collection. 2.2. Exclusion criteria The staff Nurse who were working in the emergency department 2.3. Tools and technique The tool consists of two parts, namely: • Part A: Socio-demographic data • Part B: Structured knowledge Questions regarding complementary therapies for labor pain. 2.3.1. Part A: Socio-demographic data Demographic variable includes age in years, professional qualification in Nursing, monthly income, designation, experience, previous exposure to education program regarding complementary therapy for labor pain. 2.3.2. Part B This part has 26 questions regarding selected complementary therapies for labour pain and it’s divided into 4 sections Section A Section Description Section A General concept of complementary therapies for labour pain Section B Physical method of complementary therapies for labour pain Section C biological method of complementary therapies for labour pain Section D Psychological method of complementary therapies for labour pain • Testing of the tool • Validity of the tool The prepared tool and content of the structured teaching program were sent to experts. The experts were requested to give their opinion to the appropriateness, accuracy and relevance of the items of the tool and structured teaching content in terms of strongly agree, agree and disagree. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(02), 468-473 470 The recommendation and suggestions of experts were considered to modify the items of tool as well as the content of structured teaching program. 2.3.3. Reliability of the tool In order to establish the reliability of the tool, it was administered to four Nurses .reliability was obtained by split half technique. Reliability of the tool was found highly significant and reliable Educational intervention program includes various complementary therapies like hydro therapy, therapeutic touch & massage, acupressure reflexology, aromatherapy, music therapy, relaxation and yoga. And its uses, suitability to receive complementary therapy and its complications. 2.4. Data collection procedure The main study was conducted in a selected hospital of Punjab, formal approval was obtained from the concerned authority prior to the study. The thirty Nurses were selected for the study by convenient sampling technique. Willingness of the Nurses was obtained with consent form. After the self-introduction the investigator explained the purpose of the study and requested to answer for the structured questionnaire after that education intervention program was conducted to staff nurses regarding complementary therapies for labour pain. Post-test was done after 15 days with the same questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed by using differential and inferential statistics and the result was interpreted 3. Results Table 1 Distribution of demographic variables of the Nurses S.No Demographic variables Categories Frequency Percentage 1 Age in years 21-30 05 16.66% 31-40 10 33.33% 41-50 10 33.33% Above 50 05 16.66% 2 Professional qualification in Nursing A.N.M 05 16.66% G.N.M 13 43.66% B.Sc 11 36.66% M.Sc 01 03.66% 3 Monthly income a)less than Rs.5000 06 20.00% b)Rs.5001 to Rs.10000 17 56.00% c)Rs.10001 to Rs.15000 05 16.66% d ) above Rs.15001 02 06.66% 4 Designation a) female ward assistant 05 16.66% b) staff nurse 17 56.66% c) ward in charge 06 20.00% d) nursing supervisor 02 06.00% 5 Experience 1 to 5 years 05 16.66% 6 to 10 years 18 60.00% More than 10 years 07 23.33% 6 Previous exposure Yes 02 06.66% World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(02), 468-473 471 to continuing education programme regarding complementary therapies for labour pain No 28 93.33% Table 2 Distribution of the level of knowledge regarding selected complementary therapies for labour pain among Nurses during pre test S.No. Level of knowledge Pretest Frequency Percentage 1 Inadequate knowledge 25 83.33 2 Moderately adequate knowledge 05 16.33 3 Adequate knowledge 0 0 Table 3 Distribution of the level of knowledge regarding selected complementary therapies for labour pain among Nurses during post test S.No. Level of knowledge Pretest Frequency Percentage 1 Inadequate knowledge 00 0 2 Moderately adequate knowledge 10 33.33 3 Adequate knowledge 20 66.66 Table 4 Comparison of the level of knowledge between pretest and post test. S.No. Classification of knowledge Mean difference Standard deviation Standard error of the mean ‘t’ test value & p value 1. General concept of complementary 3.06 1.92 0.35 t = 8.70 P < 0.05(S) 2 Physical method of complementary therapies for labour pain 2.20 1.15 0.21 t = 10.41 P < 0.05(S) 3 biological method of complementary therapies for labour pain 2.40 1.10 0.20 t = 11.93 P < 0.05(S) 4 Psychological method of complementary therapies for labour pain 2.16 0.98 0.17 t = 12.04 P < 0.05(S) Total 9.90 4.49 0.82 t = 12.05 P < 0.05(S) World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(02), 468-473 472 Table 5 Association between the post test level of knowledge of Nurses with the demographic variables S.No Demographic variables Level of knowledge Chi square values & p values Inadequate Moderately adequate Adequate 1 Age in years a) 21-30 b) 31-40 c) 41-50 d) Above 50 - - - - 02 02 03 03 03 08 07 02 2.55 P>0.05 (N.S) 2 Professional qualification in Nursing a) A.N.M b) G.N.M c) B.Sc d) M.Sc - - - - 04 03 03 00 01 10 08 01 06.19 P>0.05 (N.S) 3 Monthly income a)less than Rs.5000 b)Rs.5001 to Rs.10000 c)Rs.10001 to Rs.15000 d) above Rs.15000 - - - - 03 05 02 00 03 12 03 02 1.96 P>0.05 (N.S) 4 Designation a)female ward assistant b) staff nurse c) ward in charge d) nursing supervisor - - - - 04 05 01 00 01 12 05 02 06.76 P>0.05 (N.S) 5 Experience a) 1 to 5 years b) 6 to 10 years c) More than 10 years - - - 01 02 02 04 16 05 1.15 P>0.05 (N.S) 6 Previous exposure to continuing education program regarding complementary therapies for labour pain Yes No - - 00 10 02 18 1.07 P>0.05 (N.S) 4. Discussion Table 4 represent that comparing the total level of knowledge between pretest and posttest the difference mean value was 9.90 with a standard deviation of 4.49 and calculated t value was 12.05.it was statistically significant at P<0.05 level. Hence the structured teaching program is effective to enhance the knowledge of Staff Nurses on complementary therapies on labour pain. The result of the study is supported by Dayana (2025) in her pre experimental design effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge of natural pain relief method during labour among World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2025, 28(02), 468-473 473 primigravida mothers. The result shows that the pretest and posttest mean difference value was 10.48 and the calculated t value was 14.6 [7] .by comparing the results of both studies there is more evidence that structured teaching program is effective in imparting knowledge. 5. Conclusion The result of the study concludes that the structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge of staff Nurses regarding complementary therapies for labour pain. Compliance with ethical standards Disclosure of conflict of interest No conflict of interest to be disclosed. Statement of ethical approval • Research approval has taken from the institutional research committee. The present research work does not contain any studies performed on animal/humans subjects by any of the authors • Permission has taken from the hospital before conducting the study and informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in the study. Statement of informed consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. References [1] Labor S, Maguire S. The Pain of Labour. Rev Pain. 2008 Dec;2 (2):15-9. [2] Whitburn, L.Y., Jones, L.E., Davey, MA. et al. The meaning of labour pain: how the social environment and other contextual factors shape women’s experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.May 2017;17: 1343 [3] Fumagalli Simona, Borrelli Sara, Bulgarelli Marta et al. Coping strategies for labor pain, related outcomes and influencing factors: A systematic review. Eur J Midwifery .Nov 2022;6:67. [4] Anastasiia Romanenko and Iurii Kuchyn. Predictors of severe labour pain: prospective observational study. Ginekologia I poloznictwo.Sep 2022;17(3):1-5. [5] Nori W, Kassim MAK, Helmi ZR, Pantazi AC, Brezeanu D, Brezeanu AM, Penciu RC, Serbanescu L. NonPharmacological Pain Management in Labor: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(23):7203 [6] Biana CB, Cecagno D, Porto AR, Cecagno S, Marques VA, Soares MC. Non-pharmacological therapies applied in pregnancy and labor: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP. Aug 2021;55:1-11. [7] Dayana pd. Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge of natural pain relief methods during labour among primigravid mothers. Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research. Mar 2025;12(3):419-423.