METHODOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING THE SPEECH ACTIVITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN

SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 142 METHODOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING THE SPEECH ACTIVITY OF FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN M.O. Obidova Independent Researcher of the National Pedagogical University of Uzbekistan named after Nizami https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17844415 Abstract. This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of methodological factors for the development of speech activity of future teachers based on pedagogical design, the improvement of existing methodological support methods based on the principles of pedagogical design, the creation of new textbooks and teaching aids, the use of information and communication technologies, practical exercises, assessment of speech skills, improving the speech skills of future teachers, ensuring effective communication in the educational process, and the development and improvement of professional activities, and expresses a subjective attitude to the scientific opinions and views of linguists, scientists and psychologists. Keywords: mother tongue education, method, modernization, speech activity, speech skills, principles, scientific, pedagogical, theoretical, pedagogical innovation, communicative education, digital pedagogy, approaches, scientific thinking, creative approach. Introduction Today, one of our main tasks is to radically modernize the subject of the mother tongue, organize the teaching process using new modern advanced methods, and at the same time improve students' speech activity based on pedagogical design. The word "method" is a set of systematic steps, actions designed to achieve a specific goal or solve a specific task. It is used in various fields, for example, in education in a general sense, a method or path used to achieve a specific goal. In a technological method, it refers to a set of rules and actions used. Method is actually derived from the Greek word "methodos", which means "way of knowledge and research", "theory", "teaching". Methodology (Greek "Methodike") is a set of methods, methods of performing, implementing, and performing a task, or the doctrine of teaching methods - the science of methods, ways and means of teaching. Issues of developing speech activity based on personality and non-personality in the methodology of teaching the native language at the stages of education Karima Qosimova, Safo Matchonov, Xolida G‘ulomova, Sharofat Yo‘ldosheva, Sharofjon Sariyev, A.G‘ulomov, M.Qodirov, B.Tokhliyev, M.Shamsiyeva, T.Ziyodova. K.Mavlonova, M.Tojiyev, B. Ziyomukhamedov, B.Usmonov, A.Khurramov, M.B.Urazova has found its expression in the research of. The scientific theoretical foundations, principles, creative approaches and methodological aspects of the creation of pedagogical projects are described in the scientific views of L.V.Golish and B.Ziyomukhammedov. L.V. Golish, in his manual "Modern Educational Technologies: Content, Design and Implementation", describes the principles and approaches to creating new pedagogical technologies, taking into account their systematicity, manageability, efficiency and repeatability. The methodological support for improving the methodology for developing the SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 143 speech activity of future teachers based on pedagogical design includes improving existing methodologies based on the principles of pedagogical design, creating new textbooks and teaching and methodological manuals, using information and communication technologies, implementing practical exercises and a system for assessing speech skills. This is aimed at improving the speech skills of teachers, ensuring effective communication in the educational process, and developing their professional activities. In developing the speech activity of future teachers based on pedagogical design, it is essential to find scientific, pedagogical, theoretical, and methodological views, study them, analyze them, and develop one's own approach based on them. At the same time, it is important to ensure that future teachers are encouraged to create new knowledge based on the methodological support they have learned, and that textbooks, teaching aids, and information and data are systematically used to work with them. It is necessary to emphasize that information and communication technologies, online platforms, and video conferencing are among the main tools in developing speech activity in teaching and learning. In order to achieve the effectiveness of speech development in teaching the subject of native language teaching methodology, it is necessary to pay attention to the following: It is necessary to deeply understand that improving the methodology for developing the speech activity of future teachers on the basis of pedagogical design is a pedagogical and methodological problem, and to direct them to a high-level cognitive level in the field, to increase their methodological knowledge using visual educational tools, to achieve the development of speech techniques, and to develop fluent oral and written thinking through form methods. Speech activity is the teacher's performance of organizational, explanatory, question-and-answer, discussion, and communicative functions in a lesson through speech. Speech activity is not a lesson mechanism, but a pedagogical tool for the teacher. Therefore, it is necessary to add a special module for speech activity at the design stage. The methodology of developing speech activity is a set of methods and approaches for teachers to effectively use speech skills, pedagogical speech, and speech in an educational context. The science of native language teaching methodology is directly interconnected with pedagogy, psychology, psycholinguistics, and general pedagogy. Our scientists have conducted and are conducting many scientific studies on the development of language education and speech activity. The stages of implementing the improvement of the methodology for developing the speech activity of future teachers based on pedagogical design include - preliminary planning of pedagogical processes; - goal; - content; - method; - tool - consistent development and implementation of assessment forms. Improving the methodology for developing the speech activity of future teachers based on pedagogical design is a scientific direction at the intersection of today's pedagogical innovations, communicative education, and digital pedagogy. Today, the formation of the speech activities of future teachers through the design method in pedagogy has become a social requirement. Because in the field of education, not only knowledge, but also the culture of speech, pedagogical communication, media speech, and digital communication skills of a teacher have become an important criterion. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 144 Speech activity is the main indicator of a person's level of knowledge, thinking, and culture. Design-based education is not just technology, but a creative environment that shapes the personality of the teacher. The competency— based approach (Zimnyaya, 2002) requires the harmonious development of communicative, informational, and creative competencies in a future teacher. American psychologist and educator, leading expert in the field of cognitive processes, and president of the American Psychological Association, Jerome Seymour Bruner's constructivist learning theory is based on the idea that students actively construct their own understanding. He argued that education should be oriented toward discovery-based learning, which encourages students to explore and solve problems. What is the essence of Leontiev's theory? The main idea of Alexei Nikolayevich Leontiev's theory of activity is that consciousness does not create activity, but rather, activity shapes consciousness. What is the essence of Leontiev's theory? The main idea of Alexei Nikolayevich Leontiev's theory of activity is that consciousness does not create activity, but rather activity forms consciousness. This basic premise allows us to understand how the human psyche develops in the process of activity and labor, in particular, in the performance of tasks. The main aspects of the methods and techniques of conducting pedagogical design activities are as follows: 1. Clearly define the purpose of the project. 2. Select an educational problem or topic. 3. Combine theory and practice 4. Choose the right methods and techniques 5. Plan the project in stages. 6. Ensure active participation of students 7. Evaluate and analyze the results 8. Elements of creativity and innovation 9. Document and prepare a presentation 10. Develop conclusions and recommendations In pedagogical design, setting a clear goal is based on planning and putting it into action. In improving the methodology for developing the speech activity of future teachers through pedagogical design, it is important to plan the pedagogical project in stages. Each project should have clear stages, so that control and evaluation are easy. Stages: In the implementation of the speech activity of future teachers based on pedagogical design, they become active participants in practical tasks. Therefore, ensuring the active participation of students, supporting their creative approach, working together (teamwork), allows assessing the •to present the result and draw conclusions •Apply integrated skills in oral communication •plan and module creation •topic selection information gathering Preparation Project develop ment Presentation and analysis Implementati on SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 145 personal contribution of each participant. There should be clear criteria for understanding the effectiveness of the design when evaluating and analyzing the results. Pre-determining the evaluation criteria (result, novelty, level of creativity) will provide students with a basis for analyzing their own activities (reflection), developing new proposals and recommendations. Pedagogical design, based on modern, progressive ideas, allows students to try new educational technologies with creative approaches and elements of innovation, to offer innovative solutions, and to create an information environment in education. Properly formalizing and presenting a project increases its scientific and practical value. When preparing a presentation, pay attention to the presentation, graphics, tables, slides, as well as to the culture of speech and visual design during the presentation. Pedagogical design activity is a method of systematically organizing the educational process and achieving effective results based on a goal-oriented plan. 1. The essence of pedagogical design activity Pedagogical design is a planned and scientifically based type of activity aimed at developing the personality of the student (or pupil) and effectively organizing the educational process. Its main task is to improve the educational process by applying new methodological approaches in the educational process. As N.A. Duka noted, “Pedagogical disciplines play an important role in the development of future teachers. They allow students to gain knowledge about a person as a developing personality and subject of life, about themselves as subjects of educational activity, as well as about the essence, content and structure of educational processes. By studying pedagogical sciences, students should acquire knowledge and skills in designing educational processes, identifying methods of working with participants, designing educational systems and innovative activities within them. T.V. Yezhova in her research notes that “Designing pedagogical discourse helps students and teachers understand the mechanisms of selfdevelopment and self-improvement, provides experience in constructively changing pedagogical and social reality (consciousness, behavior, activity and educational environment). Thanks to the help of the teacher, students become active, creative subjects of independent learning, who teach them the ability to learn, and then pass on the acquired knowledge and skills to future students. The teacher adjusts the activity so that students learn new roles and freely exercise their choices and responsibilities. "This demonstrates the potential of personally developing pedagogical discourse,” he pointed out. Methods and techniques used in design. № Method/ Method name Purpose and application 1 Brainstorming Collecting creative ideas and finding solutions together 2 Case Study Analysis of a real or simulated educational situation. 3 Cluster method Connecting the main idea and components 4 Discussion (feedback) Exchanging ideas and evaluating different points of view. 5 Role-playing games Modeling life situations in the educational process. (Demonstrating life situations in the educational process.) SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 11 NOVEMBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 146 6 Project-method Strengthening knowledge and skills through practical activities 7 Infographics and presentations (visual presentations) Visually present and analyze information. (Display information in graphical and pictorial form.) In pedagogical design; 1. The goal should be clear and measurable. 2. The topic should be relevant and of practical importance. 3. The project should cover educational, educational and social aspects. 4. Ensuring the active participation of students. 5. Each stage should be organized systematically and consistently. 6. Using information technologies. 7. Analyzing and reflecting on the results. 8. Documenting and presenting the project on a scientific basis are the main aspects that need to be paid attention to. Criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the project; Degree of achievement of the goal; The presence of an innovative approach; The possibility of application in practice; Student activity and creativity; The degree of impact on the quality of education. Conclusion Pedagogical design activity is an important tool for organizing the education system based on modern requirements. Through it, the teacher not only plans his activities, but also tests new ideas, introduces innovations and has a positive impact on the quality of education. 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