वाराणसी महानगर में विरासत संरक्षण और विकास : एक भौगोलिक अध्ययन

Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 18   󰰗  󰫤   :   󰬀   󰲓1, 󰭈. (.)  󰲓2 1 󰭃 ,  󰭈 󰬎󰰌 ,  2 , , ,  , , Email: [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171104 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 11(A) Pp. 18-24 November. 2025 Submitted: 15 Oct. 2025 Revised: 25 Oct. 2025 Accepted: 10 Nov. 2025 Published: 30 Nov. 2025  :  ( ) ,    (Heritage Conservation) , , , ,  : , , ,  󰲒   󰭈  󰲗  :-  󰰗 󰲗    󰰀 󰬎   󰲂 󰲑,  󰲑, 󰫦,   󰲑 󰲑 󰲂 , 󰲗 , 󰬎   󰭈      󰭈 󰲗 󰬎 󰲑  󰰚  , 󰬎󰫽  󰬀󰫽 󰫽  :  󰲂 󰲑 -  󰲂 󰲑   󰰌 󰭈 󰫵   ()  󰰗 󰬎  󰫽  󰬁  󰲑   󰲑    ‘󰲂’ (󰲂  󰬎) 󰰉  󰲗   󰲑 󰬁 󰫦 󰰗 󰫽 󰫽󰫦  󰫮󰰣󰲑   12 󰫵󰲛󰰣 󰰗     ,    ‘’  󰰉 󰰗  󰭈 󰬎  󰰉 󰰗 󰭈 󰰀 Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: , ,  , How to cite this article: , , (2025).  :  Journal of Research & Development, 17(11), 18-24. Original Article Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 19 󰫽 -  󰲂 󰲑   󰲑  󰲒 -󰫦    󰫦 (  󰰗 󰲊 )  󰫤 󰲒     󰲑  󰰣    󰭈 󰫦 󰬎    󰭈󰲑 󰰣 󰭑󰱮  󰰚  -  󰲑   󰰀  — 󰬎 󰭈     󰬎  󰲑   -    󰫦 16󰰎 󰬄 󰰗   󰲓 I   󰱨 󰲒    󰰗 1669 󰰗  󰭌    󰬀󰬎 󰲑 󰫦 󰲑  󰫦  󰭑 18󰰎 󰬄 󰰗   󰬉 󰬉   ,  1777-1780     1835 󰰗     󰲓  󰲑      󰲒  ,  󰲑  “ 󰲑”        󰬎 -  󰲑 󰰌    (Nagara style) 󰰗  , 󰰗   -󰬆, 󰬎   󰬉-  󰭈 󰰚 󰫯 󰫦 (Sanctum Sanctorum) 󰰗   󰲓 󰬎 ,  󰬉 󰬂󰫦    󰲑  󰲐 󰰗  󰬁 -󰲑,  󰫥  (Jnana Vapi)  󰲗  󰰗  󰬎 ,    (󰬉 󰬂󰲔) 󰫯 󰫦 󰰚 󰬎  󰫦 - 󰲑 󰰌    󰬎 ,   󰰀      󰫦   󰰚 󰫦   -   󰰚;  󰫽-  󰭃 󰲑    󰭐    -󰲑 󰲐󰫦  󰲐 - 󰲑 󰲐    󰫤󰭃     ‘’ 󰲐  󰬁󰫦      󰲂  󰲐     󰲐  󰱯󰬌 󰫦󰭃󰰣     , 󰰣-󰰣  󰬆󰫦    󰲑 󰲐  󰰦󰰏     󰲑 –  󰲑    󰭈 󰰉    󰲗    󰰣 󰰗 “  󰭈”  󰰉 󰰗   —   󰲑    󰰣      󰰣   󰭈󰱷  󰬌   󰲒    󰲑 󰱇   󰰗- ( 󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗  )  󰰚,  󰬁 󰲑󰰣 󰰗 󰬁 󰰎  󰬎 :-   󰰌-󰭈 󰫵 󰰗 󰬎  ()  󰫦 󰲗 󰬉 󰫽 󰱮 󰬎   󰬁󰭅      󰭈 󰰱  󰬎    : Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 20 , 󰱘  󰫽 -   “  ”     󰰗 󰲌 - 󰰀  󰰚     󰰈, -󰬆    󰰚   󰫽- 󰰗     —  󰲑 - ,  󰲑 󰲒  󰲗 󰬎-󰫽, -, -󰱘  -   󰰣 󰬎󰬉-  󰲌- -  󰬉  ( ) 󰲂‐󰭈󰱮    , -󰭊  ,   ‐󰲐   󰬎  󰬁 󰬎󰬉    , -  󰬆 󰲒 , -, 󰭃 󰲑  -󰫰 󰰚 --󰫦- -       ,  󰲂 , 󰬎  󰫽󰲑, 󰫦 󰲗 󰬎 󰰎 󰬉 -󰬎 󰰣  󰬁󰭅  󰰚  󰭈󰲑 󰲒 , -,     -󰬌  󰫦󰭃󰰱     󰲒 󰬎   󰬎 󰰚 󰫤  -󰬎 -  󰰗  󰫤 󰬎 󰰚—󰲊󰰌  󰲐 - 󰲒   󰭈      󰰚 󰱷 󰬎, 󰲗 ,    󰰗 󰬎󰫽 󰰗   󰰚—      󰰚 󰫽   󰲒  - UNESCO      󰰣  󰲒 “ 󰬎 ”    󰰗     󰭈󰬎 󰲑  , 󰫦-, 󰫦   -󰭈 󰲒    󰬎   󰫤  󰰗  󰭈󰬎 󰲒 󰰚 󰰉, 󰫤    󰲒 󰰉  󰬎󰫽 :  () 󰲒 󰬎󰫽   󰱮    —    󰲑- 󰬉 - 󰱉, ,   -    󰰚    󰭈 󰰱  󰫦  󰭈 󰬎󰫽  -󰭉  -󰫦 (riverfront architecture) -  -󰫤󰭃 󰰗 󰲑, 󰬂󰫦  󰰣    󰰗 -   -󰰚 󰲊,    󰲑󰬴󰰱    󰬎  󰰎 󰬉 󰬎  󰫦    󰰚       1830 󰰗    -  󰲑-󰬎󰫽 (Temple Architecture –   󰲑) - 󰰌-   󰲒  —   (spire), , 󰫦, 󰬉-        󰰚      󰲑 (Lalita Ghat, ) 󰲒 󰬎 -󰬎 () 󰰗  , , 󰫽   󰬶  ,   - 󰰗 󰰣   18󰰎-20󰰎 󰬄 󰰗  󰰣  󰰣            -  - 󰰣 󰰗  -󰲐  - 󰭑 󰬎󰫽   Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 21 󰫦 (Intangible) :-  (/)       󰲑󰰣, 󰰣,   󰰣 —   󰭈󰱮 , 󰬉 󰲒 󰫦 (Intangible) 󰬎   󰲂-󰭈󰱮    --    󰰱, , , 󰫽,  󰬎       󰲒 󰭈 󰫦 󰬎   󰰱  󰬎 󰬉  — 󰲗  󰬀󰫽  -    󰬎: 󰲂       󰲂󰭈󰱮   󰭑󰱮,   󰫽    󰬎  󰲈: 󰬁   󰫽   󰬎 ( 󰲓, 󰭑󰱮, )   󰲗 󰫽  󰰚  :   󰲐 󰲒 󰰣    -        󰫽  -   (󰲓󰬎 󰲌 ):  󰰱 ,  ,  󰲐   󰰣     󰲂 󰰗     :  󰲒 󰲒 󰰗 󰫽     󰬎   󰱘󰲌  󰫽: 󰫽  “ ” 󰭈󰱮 , 󰲒 󰰗 󰲑󰰣  󰰣 󰲒    󰰚   󰫽 -  ( 󰲒 ):  UNESCO 󰲒 Intangible Cultural Heritage  󰰗   200       󰲗 󰱘  󰫽󰲆    󰫽,  ,  󰫽: 󰲗  󰬎 󰫽󰰣 󰰗   󰫿    , , :       󰬶  󰲒 󰫽 󰰚 󰫽  󰫦  -     󰰗 , ,  󰭈 ‘󰲓’, 󰰗 󰲐󰲀󰭅   󰫽󰰣       󰲒     󰲑󰰣  󰬎   󰬀  󰬁󰭅       󰲑󰰣  󰱳  󰫦  󰰗󰭅     󰲓 󰲂󰱳  󰰚󰰣 󰰈󰰣 󰰗       󰬎󰬉   -     : 󰲑󰰣     󰰣 󰲒 , 󰰗   󰬉  󰫿    󰱫 , ,  󰲒 󰱆, 󰱆 󰰣 󰲒 󰭃:    󰲒 󰬎  󰰚    -  , , -, :    󰰎, 󰬉 -󰬎 󰱿  󰬎   : “ ”   󰲒  󰰗 󰬎-󰱿󰫰 󰲒       󰲒 󰫦  󰫦, , , ,  󰬎  󰫿       󰰎, 󰬉     󰰣 󰲒    󰬎  Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 22   󰰗  󰫤 󰲒  -  (/) 󰲂   󰭈  󰰣 󰰗   , 󰲒  󰲒 󰬎, 󰲗        󰲒 󰫦 , , 󰲑, ,   󰬎    󰬉 󰲂 󰲒  󰰚 󰲑󰬁 󰫦  󰰗  󰰣  󰫤      (Challenges) 󰬎 󰰚 1.   󰬴 –  󰰗 󰭐  󰬎  󰫦    󰲐 󰬎󰰣,  󰰣  󰰣   󰬎󰰉  󰭈 󰲑   󰰣  󰰣  󰫦  󰭈    󰰚 󰬴     󰬎󰰣 󰲒      2.    󰰣  󰫤 -    󰭈, -󰬎 󰰗 󰲐󰫦     󰭈  󰰣 󰲒    󰰀  : 󰲂, 󰬎  󰲗     󰫽  󰲑  󰫤󰲐   󰰚 3. 󰰍 󰰣  󰫤 󰫤 –  󰭈 󰲑, , 󰬎  󰬎󰫽   󰫥   󰫤󰬶󰬎   󰰚  󰰣 󰰗 󰰗 󰲐 󰬆  󰲒   󰲆     󰬎󰰣    󰫥 󰲗󰫦 󰲑    4.󰲗 󰰣  󰲒 󰫥 󰲒  – 󰬎 󰭈  󰬎󰰱   󰫦󰱺   󰭈󰫤 󰫤 󰫥 󰰎 󰰚    󰲐    󰰚   “󰰦󰰏”     󰰚, 󰲑 󰬎 󰫤     5. 󰫦  󰫯  -  󰰗 󰭈󰲑 󰰣 󰭑󰱮  󰫦  󰰚 󰫽 󰫯   󰰣  󰰣  , 󰬂󰬎   󰬀 󰭈   󰲗 󰫦    -󰱿  󰬎 󰭃 󰭈   6. 󰫦     󰲒   , , ,     ,  󰰱 󰰗 󰲐 󰰱 󰲒 󰰈          󰲗    󰰚 , -        󰰚 7. 󰭈 󰬁   󰲒   󰬎 —  ASI,  , 󰫦  — 󰫤   󰰚,    󰬁 󰲒   󰫦 󰭈 󰰎  󰫮  “”     󰲒      󰰚 8. 󰫦  󰭈   , 󰬀 󰭈,   󰭈  󰭈 󰫽 󰲒 󰰣, 󰲗󰰣  󰭃󰰣   󰰀  : 󰲑󰰣 󰲒 󰰣     󰬉 󰲆   󰰚  󰲒   󰬎󰫽 󰰎, 󰬉  󰬎   󰫤 󰲒    󰲑           󰬌   󰬎  󰲒 ,  󰫥 󰫤 ,  󰫯 󰰣  ,   󰰱 󰰗    󰭈 󰫦  󰬆 󰲒     󰰗  󰫤  󰭈 ,  󰲂   󰭈     ,  󰲗, 󰬎  󰫽 󰰣   󰭈󰱮  󰲒   󰲑󰰣  󰰣   󰰎, 󰬉 , 󰬉,   󰬀󰫽 󰰱     󰱮 Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 23   󰫤    󰰗󰭅  󰫵 , 󰬎 󰭈,  󰰣 󰱨 󰱷 󰫤 󰭈 (Conservation Efforts) 󰲑   󰰚   󰭈 󰰱    1.    󰲐 -  󰲂  󰲐 (2021):  󰲐   󰲂 󰲑 󰲐       󰫤󰭃  󰲑  󰰗 󰲐 󰬎󰫽   󰬀 󰰗  󰰀 󰬎󰰣  󰰈󰱮 󰲑  󰲇   (Namami Gange):    󰰣 󰲒 ,  󰬾󰰗 󰬂   󰫤    󰫦 󰲑   󰰚 HRIDAY  (Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana):     󰰗   󰬎 󰰣  󰫤,    󰰦󰰏  󰫦 󰲑  󰬎󰫦  :  󰰣 󰲒     󰰀 , 󰭈 󰱿󰬎,   󰭈   󰰉 󰲑    2. 󰬎  󰫦   󰫤  󰭈 -  󰲒 : UNESCO 󰲒 Intangible Cultural Heritage  󰰗     󰬎 󰭈  󰬎 󰭃 󰱨  󰲑     ,   󰲌 󰰣       , Sangeet Natak Akademi  BHU  Faculty of Performing Arts  󰫦 󰰚   󰬎󰬉 󰫤:    -󰭊   “Geographical Indication (GI)”  󰲑  ,  󰰣  󰲗   󰰣 󰰗    3. 󰰣  󰭈 󰬎󰰣  󰰈󰱮   󰫤 󰲐: 󰲂, 󰬎, 󰬁󰭅 󰭈,     󰭈 󰰣   󰲑  ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) 󰱨 ,  󰲑,  󰭈 󰲑󰰣 󰲒 󰬆  󰬎 󰲑    4. 󰫦 󰫤   󰰗 󰭈      󰲆 󰭈,  ,  󰰣 󰲒       󰰚 “󰬎󰫳  ”  󰫦 󰬎 󰲐󰰣  󰬎 󰬎󰰱 󰲒  󰲀 󰲒   5. 󰬎   󰬎󰰱 󰲒  INTACH (Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage)  󰬎  󰲒  󰰣  󰰱  󰫤  󰫦   󰰚 󰬎 ,   󰭃 “󰲐 ”  “󰫮  ”  󰫦󰬴󰰣  󰬀  󰰣 󰰗 󰰉   󰰚  󰫤     󰫦 (Responsible Tourism)      󰰣  󰫤  󰰣      󰬎 󰰣  󰰣  󰫤  󰭈󰫽  󰫤 󰬎󰰣 󰰗  󰫤  󰱚󰬴  󰬎    󰫦  󰫮󰰗 — 3D 󰬎󰲓, GIS 󰲐 󰭃 󰲑 󰬍󰫦  󰲒  󰲒 󰬎, 󰬀󰫽     󰲑  󰲒   󰫤 󰰎 󰰗,   󰲒 󰫽    “   󰫤  ”     󰬍 󰲒    󰲒   󰫤   󰰀 󰭈 󰲑   󰰚 — , 󰲒 ,   󰲐 󰰱  󰰏 󰲑 ,  , 󰬎  󰲒 󰲑󰬴     󰲒 󰲑 󰰗   󰬌  󰲑  󰲒      󰲑󰰣  󰫤   Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 24 1. Encyclopedia Britannica+2Varanasi Tourism+2 2. Encyclopedia Britannica+1 3. Cultural Chronicles+1 4. Varanasi Tourism+1 5. Wikipedia+1 6. rudrakshahub.com+1 7. UNESCO World Heritage Centre+2cultureandheritage.org+2