Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 160 : 1, . 2 1, , , () 2 , , . . . . , Email:
[email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171130 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 11(A) Pp. 160-166 November. 2025 Submitted: 18 Oct. 2025 Revised: 28 Oct. 2025 Accepted: 11 Nov. 2025 Published: 30 Nov. 2025 , - - , - - , - , - , , - — - , - , - , - , - , , Sub-Plan - - , - , , - - : , , , , , , , , , , Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: , , , , ( ) How to cite this article: , , (2025). : . Journal of Research & Development, 17(11), 160-166. Original Article
Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 161 2011 , 10.41 , 15.7% 1.3% , , i - , , 61.8% , , , ii , - , , : , , ; , , ; , , , , 1950 , – , , 330 332 , , – 1952 , 330 , 34 2 53 6 , iii , 2008 243 38 2 40 , 16.4 , 40 6
Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 162 , 1992-93 73 74 , - , , – , iv 2001 90,000 2016 2.56 15 17 v – , , , – , 1990 , , , – 1950 ( ) , 73 74 – , – : – — , , —, — - - “” 2007 ; 2020 12–14% , – 1990 2005 2015 “ ” ; – 12–15% , - vi , 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 2021 2001 90,000 , 2016 2.56 15–17%
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Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 164 9 12 25 , 30 , , 5–7 , - x - 10–12 , 70 - , - - , -, 2021–22 15–18 - , , , , - - ; , , , - xi - Sub-Plan ( Component Component) , , , - 15–17 , - , , , 2007 , , , , , 25–30 , – , xii , , - , -, , , , , , - , ; , , , -, -, - — — -, ,
Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 165 – , - , - - - - , , - , , , — , , - , , - - , , , - - , , - , , - , , , , - , - , , , , - - , - , - , , , , , -
Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 166 1. , . (2017). . : . . 34–39. 2. , . (2019). – - . : . . 87–95. 3. , . (2010). . : . . 87–89 4. , . (2012). : . : . . 154–156. 5. , . (2018). : . : . . 74–78. 6. , . (2021). , : . . 122–128. 7. , . (2018). . : . . 96–102. 8. , . (2022). . : . . 77–83. 9. , . . (2020). . : . . 61–68. 10. , . . (2018). . : . . 102–110. 11. , . (2017). : . : . . 145–153. 12. , . (2021). : . : . . 55–63.