Setteleia, a New Genus for Four New Species from the Philippines (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Open Access Setteleia, a New Genus for Four New Species from the Philippines (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) Anton V. Volynkin1,2,* and Karel Černý2 1Altai State University, Lenina Av. 61, RF-656049, Barnaul, Russia. *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] (Volynkin) 2Tiergartenstrasse 27, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] (Černý) Received 7 September 2020 / Accepted 5 March 2021 / Published 17 June 2021 Communicated by Shen-Horn Yen We describe a new Lithosiini genus Setteleia gen. nov. for four new species from the Philippines: S. witti sp. nov. (Mindanao Island), S. carota sp. nov. (northern Luzon Island), S. lourensi sp. nov. (eastern Luzon Island) and S. bakunawa sp. nov. (northern Luzon Island). The new genus belongs to the Asura Walker, 1854 / Miltochrista Hübner, [1819] generic complex and is related to the genera Moorasura Volynkin & Huang, 2019, Sarbine Volynkin, 2019, Ammatho Walker, 1855 and Cyme Felder, 1861 and also shares some genital characters with such genera as Integrivalvia Volynkin & Huang, 2019, Fossia Volynkin, Ivanova & Huang, 2019 and Asuridia Hampson, 1900, but is characterized by a number of autapomorphic features in both male and female genitalia. Key words: Arctiinae, Lithosiini, New genus, New species, Asia. BACKGROUND The Asura / Miltochrista generic complex is one of the most species-rich and taxonomically difficult groups in the tribe Lithosiini (family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae) (Holloway 2001; Volynkin et al. 2019). For a long time, many species in the group were assigned to the large and polyphyletic genera Miltochrista Hübner, Lyclene Moore, Asura Walker and Barsine Walker (Edwards 1996; Fang 2000; Holloway 2001; Černý and Pinratana 2009; Bucsek 2012 2014). Volynkin et al. (2019) revised the generic structure of the wide sense Barsine and Asura, erected 20 new genera and 10 subgenera and provided a checklist of the whole Asura / Miltochrista generic complex. The generic complex currently comprises 57 genera and 14 subgenera: Barsine Walker, Cyme Felder, Ammatho Walker (with subgenera Thamoma Volynkin, Ammathella Volynkin, Composine Volynkin, Idopterum Hampson, Striatella Volynkin et Huang, Conicornuta Volynkin, Delineatia Volynkin et Huang and Rugosine Volynkin), Ovipennis Hampson (with subgenera Barsipennis Volynkin, Nebulene Volynkin et Černý and Coccinigripennis Volynkin et Huang), Huangilene Volynkin & Černý, Barsochrista N. Singh et Kirti, Asuridia Hampson, Barsura Volynkin, Dubatolov et Kishida (with a subgenus Tenebrasura Volynkin), Nepita Moore, Esmasura Volynkin et Huang, Matsumursine Volynkin et Huang, Asura Walker (with a subgenus Eutane Walker), Floridasura Volynkin, Graptasura Hampson, Xanthetis Hampson, Disasuridia Fang, Quadrasura Holloway, Fossia Volynkin, Ivanova et Huang, Melanaema Butler, Wittasura Volynkin, Disparsine Volynkin, Moorasura Volynkin et Huang, Sarbine Volynkin (with a subgenus Processine Volynkin), Longarista Volynkin, Cernysura Volynkin, Rubrindiania Volynkin et Huang, Indiania Kirti, Joshi et N. Singh, Integrivalvia Volynkin et Huang, Argentosine Volynkin, Pseudobarsine N. Singh et Kirti, Hampsonascia Volynkin, Barsilene Volynkin et Huang, Nanarsine Volynkin, Amphisine Volynkin, Karolia Volynkin, Niveutane Volynkin, Albarrania Bolotov, Spitsyn et Kondakov, Aberrasine Citation: Volynkin AV, Černý K. 2021. Setteleia, a new genus for four new species from the Philippines (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Zool Stud 60:27. doi:10.6620/ZS.2021.60-27. Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) doi:10.6620/ZS.2021.60-27 1 © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Volynkin et Huang, Arctelene N. Singh, Kirti et Gill, Parvuspina N. Singh, Kirti et Datta, Sesapa Walker (with a subgenus Nipponasura Inoue), Chrysasura Hampson, Trichocerosia Hampson, Chiretolpis Watson, Micronyctemera de Vos et van Mastrigt, Symmetrodes Meyrick, Miltochrista Hübner, Cabarda Walker, Cabardites Volynkin & Černý, Gurna Swinhoe, Adites Moore, Pseudoadites N. Singh et Kirti, Afrasura Durante, Palaeugoa Durante, Tumicla Wallengren and Parafrasura Durante. The genus Barsaurea Volynkin & Huang erected for two species and provisionally placed in the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex under the genus Barsine by Černý and Pinratana (2009) was subsequently transferred to ‘the Eugoa group of genera’ sensu Holloway (2001) by Volynkin et al. (2020). During examination of extensive Lithosiini materials collected by the second author and our colleagues in the Philippines, we found a series of four peculiar unidentified species (Figs. 1, 3, 4A–B, 6A– C) that clearly belonging to the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex but which cannot be associated with any known genus. Below we describe these four species as new to science and erect a new genus for them. The new genus is related to the genera Moorasura (Figs. 2A–B, 4C–D, 7A), Sarbine (Figs. 2C–D, 5A, 6D), Ammatho (Figs. 2E, 5B, 6E) and Cyme (Figs. 2G, 5C, 7B) and also shares some genital characters with such genera as Integrivalvia (Figs. 2F, 5D, 6F), Fossia and Asuridia (illustrated by Volynkin et al. (2019)). However, it clearly differs from all these genera as well as other members of the Asura / Miltochrista generic complex by a number of autapomorphic features in both, male and female genitalia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Abdomens of specimens were removed and macerated in hot 8% KOH solution. The genitalia were dissected, stained with eosin B and mounted in Euparal on glass slides using standard methods of preparation (Lafontaine and Mikkola 1987; Fibiger 1997). Photos of imagoes were taken using a Nikon D3100/AF-S camera equipped with Nikkor, 18–55 mm lens. Genital images were taken by the same camera attached to a microscope with an LM-scope adapter. Pictures were processed by Adobe Photoshop CC 2018® software. The pictures of specimens housed in NHMUK are available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). RESULTS Genus Setteleia Volynkin et Černý, gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3DC1E7FB-9D7B-4026-A926749DE82F6B1A Type species: Setteleia carota Volynkin et Černý, sp. nov. Etymology: The genus is named after Prof. Josef Settele (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Halle, Germany), who was very helpful in organizing the second author’s researches in the Philippines and who is actively involved in sciencepolicy processes for the conservation of Lepidoptera and biodiversity in the Philippines as well as globally. Gender is feminine. Diagnosis: Members of the new genus (Fig. 1) remotely reminiscent some species of the genera Cyme (C. quadrifasciata (Rothschild)) (Fig. 2G) and Asura (A. mimetica Rothschild) (Fig. 2H) due to the shape of forewing transverse lines and the presence of a discal spot on forewing, but differ by their larger size and more diffuse and narrower transverse lines. The male genitalia of Setteleia (Figs. 3, 4A– B) are characterized by the complex of the following characters: The uncus is strongly broadened distally (an autapomorphic character) (Figs. 3, 4A–B), whereas in other related genera the uncus is evenly narrow or broadened basally (e.g., in Moorasura, as shown in Figs. 4C–D) or medially (Barsochrista (illustrated by Volynkin and Ivanova 2017, p. 182, Figs. 7–9) and Longarista (illustrated by Volynkin 2019, p. 100, Figs. 16–19)), or is dorso-ventrally flattened (Xanthetis and Disasuridia) (illustrated by Volynkin et al. 2019, p. 47, Figs. 133, 134). The medial costal process is elongate, narrow, slightly curved, apically pointed and directed dorsally (an autapomorphic character) (Figs. 3, 4A–B), whereas in other related genera (Figs. 4C–D, 5B–C) the medial costal process is directed ventrally or ventrally-distally. The genus Sarbine (Fig. 5A) also has the medial costal process directed more or less dorsally, but it is very short and tubercle-like. Another genus having a dorsally directed process of costa is Albarrania (illustrated by Volynkin et al. 2019, p. 53, fig. 157), but in the latter the process represents a straight and heavily sclerotized spur situated more distally than that of Setteleia. The costa is broadened distally, reaching the tip of valva where forming a broad cucullus with a small ventral process (an autapomorphic character) (Figs. 3, 4A–B), whereas in other related genera the costa is narrowed distally and forms a distal process (e.g., in Moorasura, Sarbine and Ammatho) (Figs. 4C–D, 5A–B), or is not reaching the valva tip (e.g., in Cyme) page 2 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 1. Setteleia gen. nov. spp.: adults. A, S. witti sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). B, S. witti sp. nov., paratype female (MWM/ZSM). C, S. carota sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). D, S. carota sp. nov., paratype female (CKC). E, S. lourensi sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). F, S. bakunawa sp. nov., holotype male (MWM/ZSM). G, S. bakunawa sp. nov., paratype male (CKC). H, S. bakunawa sp. nov., paratype female (CKC). page 3 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 2. Lithosiini spp.: adults (A–F – type species of genera). A, Moorasura gloriosa, male (MWM/ZSM). B, Moorasura gloriosa, holotype female (MFN). C, Sarbine flavodiscalis, male (MFN). D, Sarbine flavodiscalis, female (CKC). E, Ammatho cuneonotatus, male (CKC). F, Integrivalvia exclusa, male (CKC). G, Cyme quadrifasciata, holotype male (©The Trustees of NHMUK). H, Asura mimetica, syntype male (©The Trustees of NHMUK). page 4 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 3. Setteleia gen. nov. spp.: male genitalia. A, S. witti sp. nov., holotype (MWM/ZSM). B, S. witti sp. nov., paratype (CKC). C, S. carota sp. nov., holotype (MWM/ZSM). D, S. lourensi sp. nov., holotype (MWM/ZSM). Scale bars = 1 mm. page 5 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 4. Lithosiini spp.: male genitalia. A, Setteleia bakunawa sp. nov., holotype (MWM/ZSM). B, S. bakunawa sp. nov., paratype (CKC). C, Moorasura gloriosa, type species of Moorasura (MWM/ZSM). D, M. kanchenjunga, holotype (MWM/ZSM). Scale bars = 1 mm. page 6 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan (Fig. 5C), or is narrow and lacking processes (e.g., in Integrivalvia) (Fig. 5D). The sacculus is broadened basally and subbasally and bearing a small trigonal ventral process near the beginning of the strongly narrowed distal section (an autapomorphic character) (Figs. 3, 4A–B). The similar medial process of sacculus is present in some related genera such as Moorasura (Fig. 4C–D) and Sarbine (Fig. 5A), but in those genera the sacculus is conspicuously less broadened basally and subbasally. The distal saccular process is represented by a very short, trigonal protrusion with a rounded tip (in S. witti, S. carota and S. lourensi) (Fig. 3) or is reduced (S. bakunawa) (Fig. 4A–B). Such a structure of the distal saccular process is also found in some species of Moorasura (Fig. 4C–D) and Fossia (illustrated by Volynkin et al. 2019, p. 48, fig. 136). The distal membranous lobe of valva is absent (Figs. 3, 4A–B). The aedeagus vesica has an elongate and curved diverticulum (called here as the 1st distal diverticulum) generally directed dorsally and covered with numerous small and very short cornuti and granulation (Figs. 3, 4A–B). The similar characteristic diverticulum is also known in the genus Asuridia only (illustrated by Volynkin et al. 2019, p. 44, fig. 120). The female genitalia of Setteleia (Fig. 6A–C) are characterized by the complex of the following characters: The ostium bursae is narrower than the posterior section of ductus bursae, whereas in other related genera that is as broad as the ductus bursae (Fig. 6A–C). The ductus bursae is relatively short, broad, dorsoventrally flattened, moderately sclerotized, with slightly convex lateral margins (Fig. 6A–C), whereas in other related genera that is more elongate and has more or less parallel margins (Figs. 6D–F, 7A–B). The posterior section of corpus bursae is moderately sclerotized and strongly rugose (Fig. 6A–C). The anterior section of corpus bursae bears a large, elongate signum bursae with a narrow longitudinal groove (an autapomorphic character) (Fig. 6A–C), whereas in other related genera the signum bursae (if present) is round, elliptical or band-like and lacks a longitudinal groove (Figs. 6D–F, 7A–B). The appendix bursae is elongate, curved anteriorly, its basal section is weakly sclerotized and rugose (Fig. 6A–C). Such a shape of the appendix bursae is known in the genus Ammatho s. str. (Fig. 6E), but in the latter the appendix bursae is not sclerotized and rugose basally. The genus Integrivalvia (Fig. 6F) also has an elongate appendix bursae, but it is evenly covered with numerous spinules and directed posteriorly. Description: External morphology of adults (Fig. 1). Medium-sized moths, forewing length 14–17 mm in males and 19–24 mm in females. Sexual dimorphism poorly expressed: female larger than male and has broader forewing with more elongate apex. Labial palps short, porrect. Male antenna strongly ciliate, female antenna filiform. Coloration from pale carrot orange or rusty reddish to brown. Head and thorax coloration same as that of forewing, abdomen paler. Forewing pattern consists of small black subbasal and discal dots and diffuse and wavy transverse lines fusing to each other on veins. Hindwing without pattern, in some species lightened subbasally and basally. Male genitalia (Figs. 3, 4A–B): Uncus strongly broadened distally, with pointed thorn-like tip. Tuba analis moderately broad, membranous. Scaphium narrow, moderately sclerotized. Subscaphium absent. Tegumen relatively short and narrow. Juxta more or less trapezoidal, weakly sclerotized. Vinculum robust, U-like. Valva elongate and relatively narrow. Costa nearly straight, narrow basally and medially, strongly broadened distally and forms broad cucullus bearing short ventral process. Medial costal process narrow, slightly hook-like curved, apically pointed, directed ventrally. Sacculus broadened basally and subbasally and bears small trigonal ventral process near the beginning of the strongly narrowed distal section. Distal saccular process represents very short, trigonal protrusion with rounded tip, or reduced. Distal membranous lobe of valva absent. Aedeagus elongate, straight, relatively narrow, slightly broadened distally. Aedeagus vesica broad, with three membranous short but broad subbasal diverticula and two large distal diverticula bearing areas of numerous short but robust cornuti or granulation; 1st distal diverticulum elongate, curved and generally directed dorsally; 2nd distal diverticulum broad, more or less globular. Distal plate of vesica narrow, band-like, weakly sclerotized. Female genitalia (Fig. 6A–C): Ovipositor short and broad. Papilla analis rectangular with rounded corners, weakly setose. Apophyses elongate and thin, of equal length, apophyses anteriores slightly broader than apophyses posteriores. Ostium bursae slightly narrower than ductus bursae, with membranous margins. Main part of ductus bursae relatively short and broad, moderately sclerotized, dorso-ventrally flattened, with slightly convex lateral margins; anterior end of ductus bursae membranous. Posterior section of corpus bursae relatively narrow, moderately sclerotized, strongly rugose, its anterior end with granulation or small dentation. Anterior section of corpus bursae broadened, more or less globular, membranous, with large signum situated latero-longitudinally and having narrow longitudinal groove subdividing it to two equal parts. Appendix bursae originates laterally from posterior page 7 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 5. Lithosiini spp.: male genitalia of type species of genera. A, Sarbine flavodiscalis (MWM/ZSM). B, Ammatho cuneonotatus (CKC). C, Cyme reticulata, holotype (©The Trustees of NHMUK). D, Integrivalvia exclusa (MWM/ZSM). Scale bars = 1 mm. page 8 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021) © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Fig. 6. Lithosiini spp.: female genitalia. B, D, E, F are type species of genera. A, Setteleia witti sp. nov., paratype (MWM/ZSM). B, Setteleia carota sp. nov., paratype (CKC). C, Setteleia bakunawa sp. nov., paratype (CKC). D, Sarbine flavodiscalis (CKC). E, Ammatho cuneonotatus (CKC). F, Integrivalvia exclusa (MWM/ZSM). Scale bars = 1 mm. page 9 of 15Zoological Studies 60:27 (2021)