Accumulation of potassium in microalgae cultivated in dairy wastewater and their potential as biofertilizer

SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE PhD STUDENTS OF .13NOV 2025 International Scientific Conference Nitra Slovak Republic Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra BOOK OF ABSTRACTS DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN NITRA Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra with international participation - Book of abstracts on occasion of the Science and Technology Week in the Slovak Republic 13th November 2025 Nitra, Slovak Republic DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra — Book of abstracts Scientific guarantors prof. PaedDr. Ing. Jana Žiarovská, PhD. doc. Ing. Ján Horák, PhD. prof. RNDr. Martin Bačkor, DrSc. Organizing committee Ing. Veronika Štefúnová, PhD. doc. Ing. Martina Fikselová, PhD. Ing. Andrea Matuškovičová Mgr. Dominik Hollý doc. Ing. Dávid Ernst, PhD. doc. Ing. Jana Kopčeková, PhD. doc. Ing. Jaroslav Andreji, PhD. doc. Ing. Lenka Lackóová, PhD. doc. Ing. Ľuba Ďurišová, PhD. doc. Ing. Lucia Zeleňáková, PhD. doc. Ing. Milan Chňapek, PhD. doc. Mgr. Peter Juhás, PhD. Ing. Alica Navratilová, PhD. Ing. Alžbeta Demianová, PhD Ing. Ladislav Bakay, PhD. Ing. Marcel Raček, PhD. Ing. Marek Rašovský, PhD. Ing. Miriam Solgajová, PhD. Ing. Ondrej Hanušovský, PhD. Ing. Petra Lenártová, PhD. Ing. Zuzana Mašková, PhD. prof. Ing. Katarína Ražná, PhD. Ing. Ivan Ravza Ing. Laura Hačková Ing. Monika Šmondrková Ing. Lukáš Molčáni Ing. Lucia Zusčíková Ing. Matej Mázor Ing. Zuzana Vinczeová Ing. Bronislava Poljak Lamrichová Ing. Kristína Kolbaská Ing. Lenka Tomovičová Ing. Adam Hanuska Ing. Soňa Hviščová Approved by the rector of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra as an online book of reviewed abstracts on November 6th, 2025. This work is published under the license of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 ISBN 978-80-552-2919-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 4 Content Content ................................................................................................................................... 4 Preface ................................................................................................................................... 7 SECTION Technology, Quality and Safety of Raw Materials and Foodstuffs ............................... 8 Analytical and Nutritional Evaluation of Trace Elements and Antioxidant Activity in PlantBased Foods for Sustainable Development Bekarys ABDIGALI ................................................ 9 Nutritional profile of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): A comparison of a Slovak sample with commercial alternatives Silvia FEDORKOVÁ, Janette MUSILOVÁ.................................. 11 Antifungal, antitoxigenic, and antioxidant activities of Lamiaceae essential oils Monika MRVOVÁ ............................................................................................................................. 12 Influence of Drying Conditions on Bioactive Compounds in Spent Coffee Grounds Terézia ŠVECOVÁ, Alica BOBKOVÁ, Alžbeta DEMIANOVÁ, Ivana TIMORACKÁ, Lukáš JURČAGA, Marek BOBKO, Andrea MESÁROŠOVÁ, Soňa HVIŠČOVÁ ..................................................... 13 Plant By-Products as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Horseradish Leaf, Blueberry and Beetroot Pomace Extracts Ivana TIMORACKÁ, Terézia ŠVECOVÁ, Alžbeta DEMIANOVÁ, Marcel GOLIAN, Simona KUNOVÁ ................................. 14 Seasonal Variation in Isoelectric Points of γ-Caseins in Traditional Ewe’s and Cow’s Lump Cheese: Implications for Cheese Authentication Adam PARTIKA, Peter ZAJÁC, Jozef ČAPLA, Jozef ČURLEJ ........................................................................................................................ 15 SECTION Crop Production .................................................................................................... 16 Assessment of the cultivation of Rosa × centifolia L. under temperate conditions: in vitro propagation, essential oil distillation and antioxidant activity analysis Klaudia LUKÁČOVÁ ... 17 The effect of zinc and titanium nanoparticles on the yield parameters of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Lenka TOMOVIČOVÁ, Adam KOVÁČIK ......................................................... 18 Possibilities for effective control of winter barley from difficult-to-control weed species Adam ŠTEFANKO .......................................................................................................................... 19 Technology of maize production using foliar nutrition Szilárd György, SÓKI........................... 20 Agrochemical assessment of zinc and phosphorus transfer under foliar application of nanoparticulate and ionic forms in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Viktor STRAKA, Marek KOLENČÍK, Dávid ERNST, Ivan RAVZA, Veronika ŽITNIAK ČURNÁ, Tomáš VICIAN ........... 21 Influence of seasonal conditions, hybrid selection, and biostimulants application on sunflower production Ivan RAVZA, Ivan ČERNÝ, Marek KOLENČÍK, Dávid ERNST, Veronika ŽITNIAK ČURNÁ, Viktor STRAKA, Tomáš VICIAN .............................................................................. 22 PR-10 gene-based DNA marker fingerprints in Amaranthus exposed to cadmium stress Aqsa ABBAS1, Ali JABRAN1, Rebecca MISZCZAK2 ........................................................................ 23 Nutritional ratios and ionic interactions (Ca:Mg, K:Na, N:K, Cu:Zn) as key regulators of sugar beet growth and technological quality Daša KUBATKOVÁ .................................................... 24 Intercropping wheat and legumes as a tool for reducing synthetic fertilizers and promoting agroecological stability Michal KUPEC26 SECTION Animal Production ................................................................................................ 27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 5 Pilot study on the performance and training of the Harris’s hawk (Parabuteo Unicinctus) Lukáš MOLČANI, Terézia HEGEROVÁ ............................................................................................ 28 Physiological indicators of workload in horses: Analysis of heart rate and energy expenditure during riding Monika ŠMONDRKOVÁ, Marko HALO, Stanislav ZAŤKO, Eva MLYNEKOVÁ, Marko HALO Jr. .................................................................................................................... 29 The effect of breed on the muscle protein and fat composition of pasture-raised cattle Natalie KLESSY, Eva STRAKOVÁ .................................................................................................... 30 The effect of breed and gender on pig performance Daniel RAJČOK, Ivan IMRICH ................. 31 Comparison of common and novel approaches in assessing genetic population structure in livestock populations Karolína PÁLEŠOVÁ, Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Eva MIXTAJOVÁ, Gábor MÉSZÁROS, Adrián HALVONÍK, Luboš VOSTÝ, Radovan KASARDA.................................... 32 Change in the size of pre-ovulatory follicles during the mare breeding season Magdaléna ZAŤKOVÁ, Marko HALO, Eva MLYNEKOVÁ, Vladimír HURA, Ivan IMRICH, Stanislav ZAŤKO ............................................................................................................................................. 33 SECTION Nutrition ............................................................................................................... 34 Herbal-enriched diets in rabbits: Impact on the chemical composition and amino acid profile of meat Klára POLÁKOVÁ, Vlastimil ŠIMEK ............................................................................. 35 Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients with multiple sclerosis Mária KIJOVSKÁ, Martina GAŽAROVÁ, Laura HAČKOVÁ ................................................................................ 37 From larvae to lipids: Nutritional insights into BSF solid fat Kristína KOLBASKÁ .................. 38 Energy quality of dog feeds and owner feeding practices: Links to body condition score Ester VARGOVÁ, Michal Rolinec, Branislav GÁLIK, Milan ŠIMKO, Miroslav JURÁČEK, Ondrej HANUŠOVSKÝ, Kristína KOLBASKÁ, Matúš DŽIMA, Dilavar HUSEYNZADE ....................... 39 Lycium barbarum in human nutrition from traditional use to modern functional food Simona MORVAY TINÁKOVÁ, Tünde JURÍKOVÁ ............................................................................ 40 Nutritional quality and in vitro digestibility of organic matter in maize silage with the addition of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor Matúš DŽIMA, Miroslav JURÁČEK ......................... 41 Bioactive potential and nutritional properties of olive leaf extracts (Olea europaea L.): insights into health Liliana HNATOVÁ, Eva KOVÁČIKOVÁ, Ivana NOVOTNÁ, Ivona JANČO, Jana KOPČEKOVÁ, Katarína FATRCOVÁ ŠRAMKOVÁ, Michal LENICKÝ, Marcela CAPCAROVÁ, Zuzana KŇAŽICKÁ ............................................................................................................... 43 Application of nutritional strategies in the management of overweight and obesity Jana PASTRNÁKOVÁ, Marta HABÁNOVÁ ................................................................................... 44 Anthropometric indices in the assessment of obesity: Phenotypic variability in men and the limitations of BMI Laura HAČKOVÁ, Martina GAŽAROVÁ, Petra LENARTOVÁ ................... 45 Comparison of Production, Quality of Consumption Eggs and Economy in Cage and Alternative Free-Range Husbandry when Extended the Production Period of Laying Hens Daniela KMEŤOVÁ, Martin MELLEN ................................................................................................. 46 Harnessing the nutritional potential of insects in dog nutrition Ela TARIŠKOVÁ, Michal ROLINEC .............................................................................................................................. 47 Feed safety in Slovakia: A two-year evaluation in the context of eu regulatory frameworks Štefánia BUSCHBACHER, Branislav GÁLIK ........................................................................... 49 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 6 SECTION Multifunctional Agriculture, Environment, Landscape Architecture and Rural Development .......................................................................................................................... 51 Accumulation of potassium in microalgae cultivated in dairy wastewater and their potential as biofertilizer Marta LENARTOWICZ ...................................................................................... 52 Methodological procedure for assessing the survival rate of newly planted urban trees Jozef PORVAZNÍK ........................................................................................................................ 53 Patterns of Cavity Occupation and Overwintering Success of Free-living Honey Bees in Slovakia Matúš PAVLE ........................................................................................................................ 54 Methodological Approach to Assessing the Impact of Fisheries Management on the Ecological Status of Water Bodies Andrej SEMAN ................................................................................. 55 Trees as Part of the Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Slovak Countryside Martina GABLÍKOVÁ, Gabriel KUCZMAN ......................................................................................... 56 Function of selected cover crops in sustainable agricultural practices in the context of climate change and environmental protection Krisztína MAJTÁN ....................................................... 57 Historical Green Spaces within the Slovak Heritage Fund: Review and Perspectives for Future Research Bronislava POLJAK LAMRICHOVÁ, Attila TÓTH ................................................... 58 SECTION Biotechnology, Applied and Molecular Biology ........................................................ 59 Molecular Stress Responses in Freshwater Fish in Relation to Heavy Metal Contamination Marek HELCZMAN, Ľuboš HARANGOZO, Eva KOVÁČIKOVÁ, Anton KOVÁČIK .................. 60 In vitro effect of Annona muricata leaf extract on dog spermatozoa motility and viability Radovan REISENAUER, Marko HALO Jr., Michal LENICKÝ, Lucia DIANOVÁ, Tomáš SLANINA ............................................................................................................................................. 61 Profilin-based assessment of genetic diversity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. in Slovakia Lucia KLONGOVÁ, Adam KOVÁČIK ............................................................................................. 62 Variation in Mal d Allergen Expression in Golden Delicious and Granny Smith Apples Lenka KUČEROVÁ, Lucia URBANOVÁ ........................................................................................... 63 Assessment of Genetic Polymorphism in Hazel Pollen Using iPBS Markers Alžbeta JAUSCHOVÁ, Silvia FARKASOVÁ ....................................................................................... 64 Insights into the metabolism of Metschnikowia pulcherrima in terms of winemaking Gabriela, LABOVSKÁ .......................................................................................................................... 65 From Biodiversity to Biotechnology: Comparison of Malus kirghisorum (Kyrgyzstan) and Slovak Apple Cultivars Bektore MANSUROV ........................................................................ 66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 7 Preface The ability to do scientific research is one of the most wonderful gifts that humankind has ever received. It is a combination of challenge, adventure, excitement, failure, victory and humility - like life itself. Scientific research serves humanity, and service to others is the highest form of human existence. But more ... thinking about serving in the field of feeding the world ... one must be proud ... By opening this book of abstracts, to which you have contributed with your works, you become direct participants of the materialization of one of the basic human qualities - curiosity. It is curiosity that conditions our desire for knowledge, and this, in turn, goes hand in hand with the search for answers to the questions that have arisen ... and scientific research is one of the areas where the search for answers is the essence of this activity. The main aim of the Scientific conference of PhD. Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE is to provide a platform for expression, sharing and discussing your scientific knowledge. Abstracts in this proceeding were split among the four areas covered by conference: • Biotechnology • Animal production • Applied and molecular biology • Nutrition • Multifunctional agriculture, environment, landscape architecture and rural development • Plant production • Technology, quality and safety of raw materials and foodstuffs of animal origin • Technology, quality and safety of raw materials and foodstuffs of plant origin The Scientific Conference of PhD Students is organised at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra on occasion of the Science and Technology Week in the Slovak Republic under the auspices of prof. Ing. Marko Halo, PhD. – dean of the Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources (FAFR), prof. Ing. Norbert Lukáč, PhD. – dean of the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences (FBFS) and prof. Ing. Dušan Igaz, PhD. – dean of Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering (FHLE). We believe that the Conference has encouraged the further advancement through fruitful discussions among students and other participants; and that the scientific programme has contributed to increasing the knowledge, improving the future work, and building new friendships between PhD students from different countries and from the broader spectrum of biological sciences. prof. Ing. Marko Halo, PhD. Dean of FAFR prof. Ing. Norbert Lukáč, PhD. Dean of FBFS prof. Ing. Dušan Igaz, PhD. Dean of FHLE DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 8 SECTION Technology, Quality and Safety of Raw Materials and Foodstuffs DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 9 Analytical and Nutritional Evaluation of Trace Elements and Antioxidant Activity in Plant-Based Foods for Sustainable Development Bekarys ABDIGALI Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Aliya ERKEGULOVNA BITEMIROVA This study focuses on evaluating the elemental composition and antioxidant activity of various nuts and dried fruits with high nutritional and functional value. The analyzed samples included walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, figs, olives, peaches, mangoes, several types of dried grapes, apples, apricots, kiwis, melons, and rosehips. Ethanol extracts were examined using the DPPH and ABTS assays to determine radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content. According to the results, hazelnuts and coconuts exhibited low antioxidant activity, while cashews and dried plums demonstrated moderate activity. To determine the trace element content, all samples were prepared using microwave-assisted digestion and analyzed by ICP–OES. The results were verified using the certified reference material NIST SRM 1515 (Apple Leaves) to ensure accuracy and reproducibility. The detected concentration ranges (mg/kg) were as follows: Al (3.25–172.1), B (3.3–50), Cu (5.6–52.6), Fe (13.1–145.4), Mn (3.6–51.3), Ni (1.3–8.7), Sr (0.9–78.5), and Zn (5.8– 72.1). Among these, iron (Fe) reached the highest level at 145.4 mg/kg, whereas nickel (Ni) had the lowest concentration at 8.7 mg/kg. Pumpkin seeds and cashews were identified as rich in iron, while rosehips contained high levels of copper and strontium.The study confirms that nuts and dried fruits serve as valuable natural sources of antioxidants and essential trace elements. However, the presence of relatively high heavy metal concentrations in some samples indicates potential toxicological risks. Therefore, continuous quality monitoring and the use of environmentally friendly production technologies are crucial to ensure food safety.This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant potential and trace element composition in various nuts and dried fruits using in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, TPC) and ICP–OES after microwave digestion. The study reveals the dual nature of these foods — as valuable nutritional sources and potential carriers of toxic elements — emphasizing the need for careful quality control.Antioxidant analyses showed that dried grapes, apples, and apricots exhibited the strongest radical-scavenging activity, mainly due to their high phenolic and flavonoid contents. These compounds are known to reduce oxidative stress, prevent DNA damage, and protect against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Regular consumption of phenolic-rich dried fruits may therefore contribute to lowering global morbidity and mortality rates associated with oxidative imbalance. Elemental analysis revealed significant variability among samples. Dried apples had the highest aluminum concentration (172.1 mg/kg), whereas Malayar grapes and almonds accumulated considerable boron levels. Rosehips were rich in strontium, manganese, and copper, while pumpkin seeds and pistachios contained high iron and zinc. Although these micronutrients are vital for immune and enzymatic functions, excessive accumulation may cause neurotoxic or oxidative effects. Notably, no direct correlation was found between antioxidant capacity and trace metal concentrations, indicating that beneficial and toxic effects must be evaluated independently. When compared with published studies from Türkiye and other regions, the samples analyzed in this study generally exhibited higher mineral concentrations. This difference can be attributed to several environmental and agronomic factors, such as the geochemical characteristics of Central Asian soils, irrigation water composition, and post-harvest drying methods. For instance, elevated aluminum and boron levels in dried apples DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 16 SECTION Crop Production DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 17 Assessment of the cultivation of Rosa × centifolia L. under temperate conditions: in vitro propagation, essential oil distillation and antioxidant activity analysis Klaudia LUKÁČOVÁ Supervisor: prof. Ing. Miroslav Habán, PhD. Rosa × centifolia L. belongs botanically to the Rosaceae family. It is an old hybrid taxon whose origin can be traced back to species such as Rosa gallica, Rosa moschata, Rosa damascena, and Rosa canina. The key pharmacognostic raw material is Rosae flos, consisting of dried petals containing flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids (e.g., gallic and ellagic acids), tannins, and essential oil. These secondary metabolites exhibit well-documented antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and astringent properties. The essential oil, commonly known as "rose oil," is among the most valuable natural oils; however, its concentration in the petals is extremely low, which poses a challenge for extraction and reduces the economic viability of its processing. To address these challenges, distillation and extraction methods have been optimised to improve the yield and quality of rose oil, while also taking into account agroclimatic factors that affect oil content. Despite the lack of comparable research in Slovakia, this study aims to explore the potential for introducing Rosa × centifolia into Slovak agroecological conditions as an alternative crop within specialised plant production. In vitro micropropagation techniques using nodal segments were used to ensure genetic stability and high regeneration capacity, allowing rapid propagation of healthy and uniform plant material for both experimental and commercial applications. The content of active substances in the plant material was determined using standardised methods from the European Pharmacopoeia and HPLC analysis, which ensured accurate quantification and quality control. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using standardised tests, which confirm the significant free radical scavenging ability attributed to phenolic compounds in the petals. These findings highlight the potential of Rosa × centifolia not only for the production of essential oils, but also as a source of natural antioxidants for various industrial sectors. Overall, the results of this research contribute to the expansion of current knowledge about the agronomic and phytochemical potential of Rosa × centifolia in temperate climates, supporting the development of an ideotype suitable for adaptation to Slovak agroecological conditions. Keywords: Rosa × centifolia, essential oil distillation, in vitro propagation, antioxidant activity, temperate climate cultivation, rose oil, essential oil Acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by grants: VEGA - Environmental screening of plant resources in soil-ecological units of Slovakia for optimal land use. Contact address: Klaudia Lukáčová, Institute of Crop Production, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 18 The effect of zinc and titanium nanoparticles on the yield parameters of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Lenka TOMOVIČOVÁ, Adam KOVÁČIK Supervisor: doc. Ing. Ľuba Ďurišová, PhD. Proso millet can adapt to high temperatures and drought. It is easily adaptable to stress and can be used as a model crop for research purposes. The application of nanoparticles as a source of micronutrients and growth stimulants is a modern trend in agricultural science. Zinc and titanium nanoparticles have a positive effect on germination, growth, and photosynthetic activity of plants. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on proso millet yield parameters. We applied concentrations of ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs (1.4;14;140 mg.l-1) and compared with the control. Proso millet was grown in a small-scale field trial. The data were evaluated using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test due to high coefficient of variation. ZnONPs (14 mg.l-1) significantly increased millet yield (670 grains and 3.82 g per plant) compared to the control variant (366 grains and 2.03 g per plant). TiO2-NPs (1.4 mg.l-1) significantly exceeded proso millet production (508 grains and 2.98 g per plant) compared to the control variant. Yield after the application of ZnO-NPs was higher at higher doses of nanoparticles compared to the control variant, while the application of TiO2-NPs at lower doses led to higher yield. The results indicate the stimulating effect of selected concentrations of zinc and titanium on yield parameters, which also suggests the need for further optimization to maintain the agronomic effect without negatively impacting plants and the soil environment. Key words: Panicum miliaceum, zinc nanoparticles, titanium nanoparticles, agriculture, production, crop Acknowledgement: The research was financially supported by grant 13-GA-SPU-2024. We would also like to thank the Slovakia’s recovery and resilience plan, project No 09I03-03-V05-00018 – Early Stage Grants at SUA in Nitra. Contact address: Lenka, Tomovičová, SPU Nitra Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra – Chrenová, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 19 Possibilities for effective control of winter barley from difficult-to-control weed species Adam ŠTEFANKO Supervisor: doc. Ing. Štefan Týr, PhD. The accurate knowledge of weed infestation and options for appropriately regulating economically significant weed species requires finding ways to eliminate dangerous weed types under specific conditions. This thesis compares various active substances and mechanical cultivation and their effectiveness on different weed species in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stands in the region of the Eastern Slovak Lowland, specifically in the Vranov nad Topľou district. Among the most common weed species identified were loose silkybent (Apera spica-venti (L.) P.BEAUV.), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys L.), field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), shepherd’s purse (Capsela bursa-pastoris L.), and scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum perforatum (L.) SCHAULTZ-BIP.). The thesis focuses on observing the effects of five chemical products, one mechanical cultivation, and a control variant in winter barley crops. In the first variant, the field was treated with the active substances tribenuron and florasulam. The subsequent trial used tritosulfuron and florasulam. Another variant involved halauxifen and pyroxulam with the surfactant cloquintocet-mexyl. In the next trial variant, a combination of amidosulfuron, iodosulfuron, 2,4-D, and the surfactant mefenpyr-diethyl was applied. The final variant was treated with 2,4-D, florasulam, and aminopyralid. These chemical treatments were applied to microplots measuring 2.5 x 6 meters in four replications and were supplemented with one mechanical treatment using a hoe fitted with duck foot shares. All experimental variants were sown with a row spacing of 0.25 m. Severe weed infestation of some variants by field pennycress, loose silky-bent, or scentless mayweed already in the autumn period confirmed the appropriateness of all protective measures. After applying the products, potential symptoms were observed both on the cultivated crop and on the present weed species. The 21 days after treatment (21 DAT), attention was paid to changes in the growth of the cultivated crop in each variant. Before harvest, weeds and crop plants were collected to allow further analysis of parameters such as thousand kernel weight (TKW), number of grains per spike, weed density per unit area, species composition, and weed abundance. The different chemical treatments particularly affected the TKW of winter barley, with the active substance 2,4-D having a notable impact. In the variant treated with amidosulfuron, iodosulfuron, and 2,4-D, a significant decrease in thousand kernel weight was recorded. Overall, all protective measures contributed to the reduction of weed infestation. These variants will continue to be evaluated and compared with other factors, such as seasonal conditions. The methods require and will be supplemented with repeated observations and further research into how to effectively regulate weed infestation in winter barley crops. Key words: winter barley, weed control, mechanical cultivation, chemical treatments Contact address: Ing. Adam Štefanko, Institute of Crop Protection, FAFR Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak republic, e-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 20 Technology of maize production using foliar nutrition Szilárd György, SÓKI Supervisor: doc. Ing. Štefan Týr, PhD. The experiment with the application of foliar fertilizers and industrial fertilizers in the production of maize (Zea mays) was realised in 2023. The experimental plot was located in Vrakúň (Dunajská Streda district) at Agrosil s.r.o. Vrakúň. The experiment was carried out on LG 31.415 maize (Zea mays) hybrids. The method used in the experiment was the block method on an experimental field with a block size of 4100 m² (128 m * 32 m). The pre-crop was spring wheat, winter form (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was established on April 22, 2023, and the maize (Zea mays) harvest took place on October 6, 2023. The sowing rate of the LG 31.415 hybrid was 72 000 grains per hectare. Various foliar and industrial fertilizers aimed at increasing the yield of grain corn were used in the experiment, such as Utrisha N, Azoter L+, Microamin, LAD 27%, and SAM 19N+5S. The primary objective of the study is to cultivate crops in sufficient quantities and at an adequate quality. A fundamental element of this objective is the effective provision of nutrients and fertilisers to the crops. The present study involved the evaluation of an experiment in which the impact of various foliar and industrial fertilisers applied during the growing phase at BBCH 18 was observed. The highest yields were recorded in the variant where Microamin was applied, yielding 13.76 t.ha-1. Conversely, the lowest yields were measured in the control variant, where nitrogen fertiliser was not applied during vegetation, yielding 11.59 t.ha-1. The experiment indicates that fertilisation during the BBCH 18 stage of corn vegetation is a crucial factor, as it resulted in a higher grain yield in all the monitored variants compared to the control variant that did not receive fertilisation during vegetation. Foliar application was found to be of particular importance, as significantly higher yields were achieved in the variants where foliar fertilisers were used compared to the variants where no foliar nutrition was applied to the leaves. Key words: maize, fertilizers, nutrition, cultivation technology, harvest Contact address: Ing. Szilárd György Sóki, Institute of Crop Production, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, e-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 21 Agrochemical assessment of zinc and phosphorus transfer under foliar application of nanoparticulate and ionic forms in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Viktor STRAKA, Marek KOLENČÍK, Dávid ERNST, Ivan RAVZA, Veronika ŽITNIAK ČURNÁ, Tomáš VICIAN Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Marek Kolenčík, PhD. Nanotechnology represents a promising tool in modern agrochemistry, enabling more efficient management of essential nutrients while simultaneously reducing environmental burdens. Current attention is focused primarily on nanoforms of zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P), which play an irreplaceable role in the metabolic and physiological processes of plants; however, their availability in agriculturally utilized soils is often limited due to binding to soil colloids, low mobility, or imbalances in fertilization, resulting in reduced plant uptake. The research was based on a field experiment with soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) established in 2024 at the Rastislavice site. Foliar applications of nanoparticulate zinc oxide (ZnO-NP), nanohydroxyapatite (P-NP), and their combinations were compared with ionic forms of zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). The study evaluated changes in Zn and P concentrations in soybean biomass and seeds, as well as plant responses to the respective treatments. The results showed that the application of ZnO-NP and P-NP, as well as their combinations, significantly affected nutrient dynamics within the soil–plant system. In soybean biomass, an increase of Zn concentration up to 22.4 mg/kg was recorded in some treatments compared to the control (18.3 mg/kg), whereas P concentration showed a slight decline (from 3 312.5 mg/kg to 3 075.0 mg/kg in selected variants). Seed mineral composition was not directly influenced by Zn and P translocation; however, changes in nitrogen (+6%), iron (+4%), and potassium (+5%) contents were observed in certain treatment variants. These findings suggest different mechanisms of nutrient transfer between nanoparticulate and ionic fertilizer forms and their potential interactions within the plant. The discussion confirms that foliar application of zinc and phosphorus nanoparticles can contribute to more efficient nutrient management, although the results from a single growing season should be considered preliminary. The research highlights the need for long-term experiments to verify both the positive and potential negative effects of nanofertilizers under the conditions of intensive agriculture, characteristic of the soils and cropping systems in our region. Keywords: soybean, nanofertilizers, foliar application, zinc, phosphorus, nutrient dynamics, seeds, agrochemistry Acknowledgement: This publication was funded by the Grant Agency of the Slovak University of Agriculture (GA SPU), project No. 22-GA-SPU-2024 and by Slovakia’s Recovery and Resilience Plan, project No. 09I03-03-V0500018 – Early Stage Grants at SUA in Nitra. Contact address: Viktor Straka, Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, e-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 22 Influence of seasonal conditions, hybrid selection, and biostimulants application on sunflower production Ivan RAVZA, Ivan ČERNÝ, Marek KOLENČÍK, Dávid ERNST, Veronika ŽITNIAK ČURNÁ, Viktor STRAKA, Tomáš VICIAN Supervisor: doc. Ing. Ivan Černý, PhD. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the interactive influence of stimulants, hybrid variation and seasonal conditions on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production parameters and seed quality under field conditions in the Central European region of Slovakia at the Dolná Malanta Experimental Station of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The area belongs to the corn production area with very warm and dry climatic conditions. The average annual air temperature is 10.2 °C and precipitation is 539.0 mm. The soil is classified as Haplic Luvisol with a silt loam texture. Two hybrids were included in the field experiment. NK Neoma (Clearfield®) is a midearly, high-linoleic hybrid, stable seed yield with moderate drought tolerance. SY Gracia (Clearfield® Plus) is medium height, mid-early, high-oleic hybrid with high yield potential. The experiment included two stimulating substances and their combination Phosph Maximum is a multi-nutrient biostimulant with humofolates (humic, fulvic, and folic acids) that enhances root growth, nutrient uptake, energy metabolism, and stress tolerance. Boractive™ contains alginic acid, polyols, and wetting agents, improving boron mobility, sugar and amino acid metabolism, pollen viability, seed set, and plant resilience during flowering and early seed development. The results of the experiment showed a statistically significant effect of the year (p < 0.05) on the monitored parameters, except for TSW, where no statistically significant effect was confirmed (p > 0,05). In 2021, higher values of head diameter (227.5 mm; +20.2 mm), head weight (180.6 g; +17.4 g), seed yield (2.77 t/ha; +1.02 t/ha), and oil content (42.18%; +3.95%) were recorded. The effect of genetic variability was statistically non-significant (p > 0,05). Only for head diameter and oil content was a statistically significant difference between hybrids confirmed (p < 0.05). SY Gracia had a head diameter (222.9 mm; +11.1 mm), and NK Neoma had higher oil content (40.83%; +1.25%). Applied substances statistically significantly influenced all observed parameters (p < 0.05). The best results were recorded in the variant treated with a combination of both preparations, where the head diameter (226.6 mm; +25.9 mm), head weight (185.6 g; +42.5 g), TSW (71.4 g; +9.5 g), and oil content (42.51%; +4.47%) were recorded. The highest total yield was indicated in the variant treated with Boractive™ (2.38 t/ha; +0.39 t/ha). Overall, the results highlight the dominant role of seasonal variability, but also show that hybrid selection and targeted use of biostimulants, especially combined formulations, are effective strategies to improve sunflower productivity and oil quality in sustainable production systems. Key words: biostimulants, fertilization, hybrids, oil content, sunflower, yield component Acknowledgement: This publication was funded by the Grant Agency of the Slovak University of Agriculture (GA SPU), project No. 22-GA-SPU-2024 and by the Slovakia’s Recovery and Resilience Plan, project No. 09I03-03-V0500018 – Early Stage Grants at SUA in Nitra. Contact address: Ing. Ivan Ravza, Institute of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, e-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 23 PR-10 gene-based DNA marker fingerprints in Amaranthus exposed to cadmium stress Aqsa ABBAS1, Ali JABRAN1, Rebecca MISZCZAK2 Supervisor: prof. Ing. PaedDr. Jana Žiarovská, PhD. Dr. hab. Aneta Słomka, PhD. Biotic and abiotic stresses negatively affect the health and condition of plants. However, plants possess a wide range of mechanisms to protect themselves against various forms of physical, chemical, and biological stress. Stress in plants induces biochemical and physiological changes, such as the production of phenolic compounds, phytoalexins, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, which help prevent pathogen invasion. Within this group, PR-10 proteins represent a specific subgroup of PR proteins. In addition to their role in plant defense mechanisms, PR-10 proteins are also important to humans, as they are often recognized as plant allergens.This study aimed to detect fingerprint characteristics based on PR-10 genes and their homologs, used as DNA markers of cadmium stress. The Bet v 1-based polymorphism technique (BBAP) was applied in the analysis of two Amaranthus species: Pribina (A. cruentus) and Zobor (A. hypochondriacus). The experiment was conducted as a pot trial, in which test plants were grown in pots containing 1 liter of a mixture of garden substrate and sand (2:1 ratio) under laboratory conditions. Treated plants were watered with Cd solution (15 ng/mL), while control plants received plain water. Watering was performed three times per week. After three weeks of growth, the plants were separated into root and above-ground parts for DNA isolation. A total of 41 amplicons were obtained for A. cruentus and 42 amplicons for A. hypochondriacus. The lengths of the fragments ranged from 115 to 265 bp. A variable distribution of PR-10 protein homologs was observed among the analyzed Amaranthus species, but both species shared a single common amplicon of 256 bp, which was amplified in all samples. The BBAP profiles obtained for control and cadmium treated plants remained characteristic of tissue type rather than stress response. Therefore, this marker technique appears less suitable for characterizing changes associated with cadmium stress using polymorphism mapping. Key words: coding genes polymorphism, heavy metals, amaranth Acknowledgement: This study was supported by project SK-PL-23-0063 Risks of toxic heavy metals to selected crop plants classified as superfood of the 21st century. Contact address: 1MSc. Aqsa Abbas, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Tr. A. Hlinku 2; 949 76; Nitra e-mail: [email protected] 1Ali Jabran Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Tr. A. Hlinku 2; 949 76; 2Rebecca Miszczak, Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany, Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology; DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 24 Nutritional ratios and ionic interactions (Ca:Mg, K:Na, N:K, Cu:Zn) as key regulators of sugar beet growth and technological quality Daša KUBATKOVÁ Supervisor: prof. Ing. Ladislav Ducsay, Dr. The nutritional balance of plants is determined not only by the absolute content of absorbed elements, but above all by their mutual ratios and their ability to maintain stable ion homeostasis. Sugar beet, as a crop with high sensitivity to nutritional balance, reacts to changes in nutritional ratios more significantly than most other field crops. The most important ratios are Ca:Mg, K:Na, N:K and Cu:Zn, which directly regulate the mechanical strength of cell walls, osmotic balance, the efficiency of assimilate translocation to the tuber and the activity of antioxidant and enzyme systems. The aim of the experiment was to verify the effect of foliar applications of a biostimulant containing Cu, Zn and Mn in a complex with lignosulfonic acid (preparation A), a copper complex with heptagluconic acid (preparation B) and their combination (A+B) on the development of key nutritional ratios in the leaves and tubers of sugar beet. The field experiment was conducted in 2024 on research plots at Donau Farm Kalná and was based on a randomised block design with three replicates, which ensured the statistical reliability of the results. The applications were carried out in phases BBCH 14 (4 leaves), BBCH 31 (12 leaves) and BBCH 39 (closed canopy). The nutritional status of the plants, including the content of macroand microelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe), was determined using standard methods, while technological indicators of crop quality (sugar content, juice purity, proportion of molasses-forming substances) were analysed using polarimetric methods in accordance with sugar industry standards. The results clearly indicated that foliar interventions were able to dynamically rebalance the ion balance of plants, thereby creating conditions for higher physiological resistance and technological quality of the crop. The Ca:Mg ratio in the tubers increased from 0.54 in the control to 1.46 when copper was applied at BBCH 31, indicating increased tissue strength and better resistance during storage. The K:Na ratio increased from 3.71 to 4.13 after the application of the biostimulant at BBCH 14, reducing the sodium content and improving juice purity by 1.8%. The N:K ratio stabilised at around 0.9 in early applications, supporting effective translocation of assimilates, while in late applications (BBCH 39) it fell to 0.68, signalling inefficient nitrogen use and increased α-amino nitrogen content. The microelement ratios Cu:Zn (0.41 vs. 0.27 in the control) and Fe:Mn (2.1 vs. 1.4) clearly confirmed the synergistic effect of the applications, which manifested itself in increased activity of redox enzymes, stabilisation of the photosynthetic apparatus and strengthening of the antioxidant defence of plants. The comprehensive nutrient index (ZI) reached a maximum of 1.49 with combination A+B in BBCH 14 compared to 1.30 in the control, proving that timely applications allow for harmonious nutrition throughout the entire vegetation period. The results obtained confirmed a close correlation between nutritional ratios and crop quality parameters, making these ratios reliable bioindicators of the physiological efficiency and technological quality of sugar beet. The results obtained confirm that nutritional ratios represent a new, highly sensitive and comprehensive diagnostic tool for assessing the physiological efficiency and technological quality of sugar beet. Their targeted optimization through foliar applications of biostimulants and microelements – especially in the BBCH 14 and BBCH 31 stages – creates the basis for sustainable, precise, and technologically advanced sugar beet production in modern agricultural conditions. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 25 Key words: sugar beet, biostimulant, nutrient ratios, foliar application, ionic homeostasis, Acknowledgement: Special thanks go to Erik Ivanič, agronomist at Donau Farm Kalná s.r.o., for his willingness to carry out the experiment, his valuable cooperation and assistance in providing important agronomic information. Contact address: Daša Kubatková, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, Chrenová, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic. [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 32 Comparison of common and novel approaches in assessing genetic population structure in livestock populations Karolína PÁLEŠOVÁ, Nina MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Eva MIXTAJOVÁ, Gábor MÉSZÁROS, Adrián HALVONÍK, Luboš VOSTÝ, Radovan KASARDA Supervisor: prof. Ing. Radovan Kasarda, PhD. Population structure analysis represents a key component of population genomics, providing insight into diversity, ancestry, and gene flow among breeds. This research presents a comparison of commonly used and recently developed approaches applied to a dataset of 251 horses representing the Norik of Muran breed (n = 101) and three historically related breeds: Belgian Draught (n = 30), Norwegian Fjord (n = 20), Hucul (n = 32), and Shagya Arab (n = 32) as an outgroup breed. Standard quality control (removal of individuals with more than 10 % missing markers, all markers with missing genotypes and minor allele frequency below 0.1) resulted in a complete dataset of about 32414 SNPs used for all subsequent analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) were applied to explore overall population differentiation. Both methods revealed distinct clustering of the studied breeds, while UMAP provided higher resolution of sub-structuring and preserved local relationships between individuals more effectively than PCA. Ancestry proportions were estimated using ADMIXTURE and Neural ADMIXTURE, which produced comparable results, with Neural ADMIXTURE substantially reducing computation time. For post-processing of ancestry proportions estimation, CLUMPP and Pong were evaluated; Pong enabled faster and interactive visualisation. Migration was analysed using BayesAss and the Estimation of Effective Migration Surfaces (EEMS) method. While BayesAss quantified recent migration among individuals, EEMS visualised spatial variation in effective migration rates, revealing gene-flow patterns across the breeding regions. Novel computational approaches improved resolution, interpretability, and reproducibility of results while reducing processing time. Their integration alongside established methods enhances the robustness of population structure analyses and provides valuable tools for genetic evaluation in livestock populations. Keywords: animal genetic resources, genomics, population structure, SNP data Acknowledgement: Research has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic (grant no. 1/0316/25) and the Slovak Research and Development Agency (grant no. APVV20-0161 and APVV-17-0060). Contact address: Ing. Karolína Pálešová, Slovak University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, email: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 33 Change in the size of pre-ovulatory follicles during the mare breeding season Magdaléna ZAŤKOVÁ, Marko HALO, Eva MLYNEKOVÁ, Vladimír HURA, Ivan IMRICH, Stanislav ZAŤKO Supervisor: prof. Ing. Marko Halo, PhD. The mare is a seasonally polyestrous animal whose reproductive activity is regulated by the interaction of hormonal and environmental factors. The size of the preovulatory follicle represents an important parameter in clinical practice for the prediction of ovulation and the determination of the optimal time for insemination; however, its reliability may be influenced by seasonal changes. The aim was to analyze the development of the size of preovulatory follicles of mares during the breeding season and to evaluate its relationship to average daily temperature and photoperiod length. We started from the hypothesis that at the end of the season ovulation occurs at a smaller follicle size than at its beginning. The experiment was carried out in the years 2019–2023 on 247 mares of different breeds aged 3–24 years brought to the Equine Clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice. Gynecological examinations were performed ultrasonographically, evaluating the size and morphological changes of follicles, supplemented by the determination of progesterone levels from blood samples. The results showed that the average size of preovulatory follicles ranged from 5.00 ± 0.51 cm in April, when the average daily temperature was 8.6 °C and the photoperiod length 13.66 h, to 4.70 ± 0.42 cm in September at a temperature of 14.8 °C and photoperiod 12.33 h. Analysis of variance did not confirm statistically significant differences in the size of preovulatory follicles between individual months (p = 0.28), but the trend of development confirmed a gradual decrease in follicle size during the season from April to September. By multiple analysis of variance, we confirmed a significant effect of average daily temperature (p = 0.008), while the length of photoperiod did not show a significant effect (p = 0.233). The largest follicles were recorded at the beginning of the season, while with increasing temperature their size decreased. The findings suggest that follicle size alone may not be a universally reliable indicator of the optimal time for insemination, as its value is influenced by environmental factors. The reduction of preovulatory follicle size at the end of the season may be associated with lower fertility of mares and emphasizes the need for comprehensive reproductive monitoring. Based on the results, we can recommend taking into account the seasonal dynamics of follicle development when planning insemination. Key words: follicle, mare, photoperiod, reprodukction, temperature Acknowledgement: This research was funded within the project of Grant Agency of Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, SUA in Nitra – “GA 11/2024” Contact address: Magdaléna Zaťková, Slovak Univesity of Agriculture, Faculty of Agrobiology and food resources, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia. E-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 34 SECTION Nutrition DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 35 Herbal-enriched diets in rabbits: Impact on the chemical composition and amino acid profile of meat Klára POLÁKOVÁ, Vlastimil ŠIMEK Supervisor: doc. MVDr. Radka Dobšíková, Ph.D. Due to the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in feed mixtures intended for livestock, there is a growing interest in alternative natural additives. In this context, research focused on evaluating the dietary effects of various plant supplements and their impact on health, growth performance, carcass traits and antioxidant activity in animals is gaining increasing importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets enriched with herbal components on the chemical composition and amino acid profile in rabbit meat samples. In total, four types of enriched feed diets were formulated for the fattened broiler rabbits: a control diet (C), a diet supplemented with 2.5% dried artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaves (A), a diet supplemented with a 2.5% mixture of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris in equal proportions of 1.25% each (ACh), and a diet supplemented with a 2.5% mixture of five selected herbs, each in a proportion of 0.5% (Thymus vulgaris, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha piperita, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Rosa canina; H). These diets were fed to young weaned rabbits (35 days of age) of the standard HYLA hybrid combination for 45 days. At the end of the feeding trial, 20 rabbits were slaughtered, and samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Muscle samples (m. longissimus dorsi) were taken individually from the rabbit carcasses. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in the basic chemical composition of the meat (dry matter, protein, fat, ash) among the experimental groups. However, significant differences were observed in the amino acid (AA) profile. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the content of all analyzed AA was found between the control group and group A (+16,59 g/kg; P < 0.04), as well as between the control group and group SCh (-19,68 g/kg; P < 0.02). Significant differences were also observed in the content of essential AA, particularly valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, and lysine. The total content of essential AA showed a highly significant difference between the control group and group SCh (- 9,34 g/kg; P < 0.006). Regarding semi essential AA, significant differences (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) were detected in the levels of glycine, tyrosine and arginine. In the profile of non-essential AA, significant differences were also observed in aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid and alanine. The total content of non-essential AA differed significantly between the control group and group A (+6,37 g/kg; P < 0.04), as well as between the control group and group SCh (-7,70 g/kg; P < 0.01). The results indicate that diets enriched with herbal components led to changes in the amino acid content of rabbit muscle. From a nutritional perspective, this finding is particularly valuable in view of the improved profile of essential and semi essential amino acids in the meat, which may offer potential benefits for human nutrition. Key words: alternative feedstuff, functional herbs, nutritional value of meat, fattening rabbit Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported by institutional funds from the Department of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry, VETUNI Brno. This work was carried out in cooperation with the companies LIMARA Plus, s.r.o. and Farma Kočárovi s.r.o. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 36 Contact adress: Klára Poláková, Department of Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry. Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciencies Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 37 Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in patients with multiple sclerosis Mária KIJOVSKÁ, Martina GAŽAROVÁ, Laura HAČKOVÁ Supervisor: doc. Ing. Martina Gažarová, PhD. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases with an autoimmune origin affecting the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. MS is a complicated condition in which the immune system attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS), destroying both myelin and axons to varying degrees. The outcome of a patient with multiple sclerosis is influenced by lifestyle, genetic predisposition, socio-economic factors or associated diseases, the incidence of which increases with age, making a healthy lifestyle even more important. Healthy eating habits, low-fat, Mediterranean and anti-inflammatory diets combined with adequate physical activity can reduce systemic inflammation and attacks, thereby improving the quality of life of people with this disease. Therefore, the aim of our work was to determine the adherence and compliance with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in patients with MS. A standardized MEDAS questionnaire was used to obtain data. We evaluated the obtained data depending on the type of MS, disease duration, type of treatment and body mass index (BMI). Sixteen people participated in the study. Based on the results, we found that 25% of patients had a low level of adherence to the MedDiet (MEDAS score 1-5), 69% of patients had a medium level of adherence (MEDAS score 6-9) and only one patient had a high level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS score ≥10). Our results have shown that 68.75% of respondents have relapsing-remitting MS, 6.25% primary progressive MS and 25% secondary progressive MS. The majority of patients (75%) are treated with DMT (disease-modifying therapy). Most of the respondents have been suffering from MS for more than 20 years (37.5%). When evaluating differences between groups depending on the MEDAS score, we found that significant differences occurred in the case of daily vegetable consumption in favor of medium (0.60) and high level of adherence (1.00), daily fruit consumption in favor of high level of adherence (1.00) and in the case of legume consumption in favor of medium level of adherence (0.70). Also, significant differences were found in the case of consumption of sweetened beverages in favor of relapsing-remitting MS (1.00) and secondary progressive MS (0.75) and in the case of regular consumption of fish and seafood in favor of primary-progressive MS (1.00). Based on the anthropometric parameters, we can assess that according to BMI, the group of patients had normal body weight, optimal waist circumference, WHR and WHtR. In consclusion, many other studies suggest that following a Mediterranean diet with other healthy lifestyles may improve quality of life for patients with MS. Keywords: multiple sclerosis, Mediterranean diet, MEDAS questionnaire, dietary habits, disability Acknowledgment: The study was supported by the Operational Programme Integrated Infrastructure for the project: Long-term strategic research of prevention, intervention and mechanisms of obesity and its comorbidities (IMTS: 313011V344), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund and Cultural. Contact address: Mária Kijovská, Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic; [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 38 From larvae to lipids: Nutritional insights into BSF solid fat Kristína KOLBASKÁ Supervisor: prof. Ing. Branislav Gálik, PhD. The growing global demand for sustainable nutrient sources highlights insects as a promising component of future food and feed systems. While insect protein has gained significant attention, insect fat – particularly that derived from the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, BSF) – is increasingly recognized as a valuable by-product with considerable nutritional and functional potential. The aim of this study was to characterize the lipid fraction obtained by pressing BSF larvae. Mechanical pressing yielded a fraction representing pure fat, serving as a concentrated energy source and a valuable raw material for feed and food applications. In the analyzed sample were identified 12 fatty acids. The largest proportion 71.2% consisted of saturated fatty acids (SFA), dominated by lauric acid (45.0%), palmitic acid (13.8%), and myristic acid (9.7%). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) accounted for 11.8%, mainly oleic acid (9.4%), which contributes to energy value, metabolic effects, digestive tolerance and lipid stability. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represented 15.2%, with linoleic acid (14.0%) as the predominant essential omega-6 fatty acid important for physiological functions. The results suggest that BSF larval fat represents a stable and energy-rich lipid source with a dominant proportion of SFA. Its profile is less suitable for human nutrition due to the high SFA content and the low level of omega-3 fatty acids; however, in livestock and aquaculture diets it provides clear advantages in terms of stability and rapid energy availability. The presence of oleic and linoleic acids further suggests functional potential, making this fat a promising raw material for feed applications with prospects for broader utilization. Key words: Hermetia illucens, insect solid fat, lipid profile, lauric acid, sustainable nutrition, alternative energy source, circular bioeconomy Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, project No. 1/0384/24 – Insects: an alternative protein in animal nutrition in the context of circularity, sustainability, and safety of animal production. Contact address: Kristína Kolbaská, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 39 Energy quality of dog feeds and owner feeding practices: Links to body condition score Ester VARGOVÁ, Michal Rolinec, Branislav GÁLIK, Milan ŠIMKO, Miroslav JURÁČEK, Ondrej HANUŠOVSKÝ, Kristína KOLBASKÁ, Matúš DŽIMA, Dilavar HUSEYNZADE Supervisor: doc. Ing. Michal Rolinec, PhD. The research aimed to evaluate the energy quality of selected complete commercial dog feeds by determining their metabolizable energy (ME) content and comparing it with the values declared by manufacturers. Gross energy was measured using direct calorimetry and subsequently converted to ME values (ranging from 7 970 to 16 050 kJ/kg, mean ± SD = 14,800 ± 1,030 kJ/kg). These values were then compared with the manufacturers’ data to assess accuracy and potential implications for feeding practices. On average, the ME declared by the manufacturers was slightly higher than the values determined by direct calorimetry, with differences of approximately 1,070 ± 1,350 kJ/kg, and the paired t-test confirmed this difference as statistically significant (t = −2.97, P < 0.05). Such deviations may significantly affect the precision of daily rationing and, if persistent, could contribute to nutritional imbalances, ranging from insufficient energy intake to an increased risk of obesity. In addition to laboratory analyses, a survey among dog owners was conducted. Most respondents reported frequent use of treats and dietary supplements, both of which increased total energy intake beyond the expected values. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive association between the use of treats and higher body condition scores (BCS) (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). Similarly, a significant correlation was observed between the addition of dietary supplements and BCS (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). The amount of complete commercial feed provided alone did not show a clear relationship with body condition. These findings underscore the importance of accurate feed labelling and highlight the need for improved communication between manufacturers, veterinarians, and owners to ensure feeding strategies that reflect the actual nutritional intake of dogs. The results also open opportunities for further research on optimizing feeding recommendations in canine nutrition. Key words: metabolizable energy, dog nutrition, calorimetry, complete feed, body condition score Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the project KEGA no. 016SPU-4/2024. Contact address: Ester Vargová, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 40 Lycium barbarum in human nutrition from traditional use to modern functional food Simona MORVAY TINÁKOVÁ, Tünde JURÍKOVÁ Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Tünde Juríková, PhD. Lycium barbarum, commonly known as goji berry or wolfberry, has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic for longevity and overall vitality. Nowadays, scientific research has been increasingly focused on its potential role as a functional food, given its unique composition of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to sum up he nutritional and functional properties of L. barbarum fruits and to highlight their potential contribution to modern dietary strategies aimed at promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. The fruit of goji represents a rich source of polysaccharides, carotenoids (especially zeaxanthin), polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids), vitamins (vitamin C, B-complex), and mineral matters such as calcium, potassium, and iron. These components exhibit significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, supporting the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and vision impairments. Several studies have demonstrated the strong antioxidant activity of goji berries, which contributes to reducing oxidative stress and improving immune response. In this research, available data from in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical studies were analyzed to summarize the key evidence on the health effects of L. barbarum. The results suggest that regular consumption of 20 g of dried berries per day may contribute to improved antioxidant status and support cardiovascular health, while potential interactions with certain medications, such as anticoagulants, should be considered. Although these studies are promising, further well-designed randomized clinical trials with larger cohorts are needed to establish clear recommendations for incorporating goji into daily nutrition. In conclusion, Lycium barbarum represents a valuable example of the transition from traditional medicine to evidence-based functional foods, with the potential to play an important role in disease prevention and health promotion. Key words: Lycium barbarum, goji, functional food, antioxidants, health promotion Contact address: Mgr. Simona Morvay Tináková, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 41 Nutritional quality and in vitro digestibility of organic matter in maize silage with the addition of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor Matúš DŽIMA, Miroslav JURÁČEK Supervisor: prof. Ing. Miroslav Juráček, PhD. Insects represent an alternative and sustainable protein source with high nutritional value and potential for use in livestock nutrition. While insect meals have been tested primarily as a component of compound feeds, its effect as a silage additive has not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor larvae meal applied during maize ensiling on nutritional composition and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. In cooperation with farm Kozárovce, maize hybrid Kathedralis (FAO 480) was ensiled in six variants: control (K); H. illucens (B); T. molitor (C); biological additive (E); H. illucens + biological additive (G); and T. molitor + biological additive (H). The silages were prepared under laboratory conditions (n = 3), and the insect meals were applied in a nitrogen equivalent corresponding to 0.3% urea. The biological additive was applied at a dose of 1 g/t fresh matter. After 8 weeks of fermentation, samples were analyzed for proximate composition (DM, CP, EE, CF, ash), fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose, hemicellulose), amino acid profile, fatty acid profile, and in vitro digestibility of OM (PEPCEL method, DAISY Incubator II). Digestibility was calculated as the proportion of OM degraded before and after two-step enzymatic incubation. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posthoc test (p < 0.05). The highest in vitro digestibility of OM was observed in groups C (82.3 ± 1.63%), B (80.01 ± 0.78%) and K (81.16 ± 0.45%), which were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to treatments with biological additive E (73.16 ± 1.25%), G (74.84 ± 2.28%), and H (71.94 ± 0.96%). Regarding nutritional composition, the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein content was recorded in C (72.80 ± 2.31 g/kg DM) and B (71.16 ± 0.80 g/kg DM), whereas G (64.94 ± 1.00 g/kg DM) and H (67.32 ± 0.58 g/kg DM) showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05), indicating a negative effect of the biological additive on protein content. Treatments with H. illucens (B, G) had the highest ether extract content (41.96 ± 0.80 and 40.08 ± 0.56 g/kg DM; p < 0.05). The highest proportion (p < 0.05) SFA was found in groups G and B (33.33 ± 0.31% and 29.82 ± 0.26%, respectively). Same trend was observed for lauric acid (G: 11.86 ± 0.34%; B: 10.31 ± 0.20%). The highest proportion of PUFA was detected in control (K: 57.19 ± 0.26%) and E (56.12 ± 0.19%). In conclusion, the highest in vitro digestibility of OM was recorded in silages with T. molitor, H. illucens, and control, whereas the biological additive and its combinations negatively affected digestibility. Treatments B and C with T. molitor had the highest crude protein content, while H. illucens also increased ether extract and lauric acid levels. The highest PUFA content was found in variants without insect meal (K, E), whereas insect addition increased SFA. Key words: silage additives, insect, insect meal, larvae, corn, corn silage Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences, project no. 1/0384/24 (Insects: an alternative protein in animal nutrition with the context of circular, sustainable and safety of animal production). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 48 Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sports of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences, project no. 1/0384/24 (Insects: alternative protein in animal nutrition in the context of circularity, sustainability and safety of animal production.). Contact address: Ela Tarišková, Michal Rolinec, Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra; [email protected], [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 49 Feed safety in Slovakia: A two-year evaluation in the context of eu regulatory frameworks Štefánia BUSCHBACHER, Branislav GÁLIK Supervisor: prof. Ing. Branislav Gálik, PhD. The importance of feed safety gained significant global attention in 1990s after the BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) crisis, often referred to as “mad cow disease.” The consequences of BSE led the European Union to reforms in feed safety. These reforms led to the establishment of a distinct regulatory framework dedicated to feed safety, integrated within the broader context of food and public health law. Feed safety plays a vital role in safeguarding animal health, ensuring optimal productivity, and ultimately protecting public health by preventing the transmission of contaminants through the food chain. Given this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the current state of feed safety in Slovakia over the past two years. This study presents an evaluation of feed safety in Slovakia over a two-year period (2023–2024), conducted in cooperation with the Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture (CCTIA), the national authority responsible for official feed controls. The assessment was based on the analysis of data obtained from routine inspections and laboratory analyses carried out in 2023 and 2024. Official controls were conducted following a risk-based approach, with the primary criteria including the nature of the feed business operator’s activities, production volume, historical compliance, and notifications from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The evaluation was based on risk-based sampling and included analysis for microbiological hazards as Salmonela sp., Enterococcus sp., coliform thermotolerant bacteria, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogennes, Listeria sp. and bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family. There were 68 samples analysed in 2023 and 91 samples in 2024. The chemical safety assessment included analyses for mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticide residues, PCBs and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In 2023, 253 samples were screened using the AccuScan Gold Reader, a rapid screening method. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to 9 samples, with 1 testing positive. In 2024, 70 samples were analyzed using HPLC, and all results were negative. For heavy metals 72 samples were tested in 2023 and 77 samples in 2024. All results were within permissible limits. A significant increase in pesticide residues testing was observed in 2023 due to increased volume of imported crops. In this year 194 samples were analysed, with 1positive result. In 2024 71 samples were tested, with no positive findings. Samples for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were primarily collected from industrial zones including region Strážske. A total of 51 samples were taken and analysed, with no positive results. Analyses of GMO were provided in 183 samples in 2023. It was again a significant increase of number due to increased volume of crop imports. In this year 6 samples tested positive. In 2024 was already a decrease of samples to 51, with 1 positive result. In conclusion the results showed that, while the overall level of compliance remained high, the number of non-compliant samples increased from 2.1% in 2023 to 4.6% in 2024, despite a decrease in feed imports. The findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and strict enforcement of feed safety standards to ensure the integrity of the feed-to-food chain and to protect both animal and human health. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 50 Keywords: feed safety, microbiological hazards, chemical contaminants, GMO, official controls, risk assessment Contact address: Štefánia Buschbacher, Branislav Gálik, Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, [email protected], [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 51 SECTION Multifunctional Agriculture, Environment, Landscape Architecture and Rural Development DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 52 Accumulation of potassium in microalgae cultivated in dairy wastewater and their potential as biofertilizer Marta LENARTOWICZ Supervisor: prof. Ing. Luboš Jurík, PhD. Microalgae are promising candidates for nutrient recovery from industrial effluents while producing biomass suitable for use as biofertilizer. This study investigated the effect of physical pretreatment of dairy wastewater on potassium removal and subsequent accumulation in microalgal biomass, followed by assessment of its fertilizing potential on lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In the first experimental phase, Scenedesmus subspicatus was cultivated in raw and physically pretreated wastewater to evaluate growth performance and nutrient removal efficiency. Pretreatment significantly enhanced algal growth, with chlorophyll-a concentration 128% higher compared to cultures grown in untreated wastewater. Potassium removal efficiency reached 64%, demonstrating improved nutrient bioavailability after pretreatment. In the second phase, five microalgal strains: Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Tribonema sp. and Botryococcus braunii were cultivated in pretreated wastewater to determine their capacity to accumulate potassium. Biomass analysis revealed strain specific differences with the highest potassium accumulation recorded in Scenedesmus subspicatus (12 796 ± 29 mg/L). The harvested biomass was then applied as a biofertilizer on two leaf lettuce varieties, Dubagold and Green Pick. In Dubagold, treatments with K-enriched biomass resulted in an 8.07% increase in plant height compared to control plants irrigated with water only. In Green Pick, the corresponding increase in plant height was 9.91%. These results demonstrate that physical pretreatment of dairy wastewater significantly enhances microalgal growth and nutrient uptake, producing biomass rich in essential macronutrients for plant development. Furthermore, application of this biomass as a biofertilizer improved lettuce growth, confirming its potential to replace or supplement conventional fertilizers while contributing to circular nutrient management in the dairy industry. Key words: microalgae, dairy wastewater, biofertilizer, circular economy, potassium Acknowledgement: This research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme, under grant agreement No. 101082169, within the project NENUPHAR: "New governance models to enhance nutrient pollution handling and nutrients recycling". Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Contact address: Marta Lenartowicz; Institute of Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Hospodárska 7, 949-01 Nitra; [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 53 Methodological procedure for assessing the survival rate of newly planted urban trees Jozef PORVAZNÍK Supervisor: doc. Ing. Katarína Miklášová, PhD. Young trees play a key role in shaping a sustainable and healthy urban environment. Their presence contributes to improved air quality, temperature regulation, flood risk reduction, biodiversity support, and overall enhancement of residents' quality of life. Young trees represent a strategic element in combating climate change in cities. Our research focuses on evaluating the sustainability of newly planted urban trees in Vienna from a biotechnical, health, and aesthetic perspective. The classification system established to assess the survival rate comprehensively targets multiple factors that directly affect the survival of young trees in urbanized environments. The methodological procedure is designed to be systematic, repeatable, and based on clearly defined criteria. We focus in detail on individual risk factors and the mechanisms through which they impact trees. The key factors influencing the survival rate of new plantings are considered to be: lack or excess of available soil moisture, soil compaction, soil type, insufficient soil aeration, soil contamination, urban heat island effects, reduced rooting space, species assortment and quality of planting stock. The overall assessment focuses on identification and location, species and dendrometric data, health status and planting method. Each of these areas includes a detailed and structured classification system. The benefit of a comprehensive survival rate assessment will be the proposal of biotechnical measures aimed at eliminating adverse environmental impacts, ultimately contributing to increased survival rates of newly planted urban trees. Key words: urban trees, assesment, survival rate, environment Acknowledgement: Work was supported by the research project VEGA 1/0072/24 Harmful activity of animal pests on ornamental woody plants in urban environment and the possibility of their regulation We would like to thank this project for supporting our scientific, research, and educational activities. Contact address: Jozef Porvazník, Institute of Landscape Architecture, FHLE, Tulipánová 7, 949 01 Nitra, e-mail [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 54 Patterns of Cavity Occupation and Overwintering Success of Free-living Honey Bees in Slovakia Matúš PAVLE Supervisor: doc. Ing. Róbert Chlebo, PhD. Since 2017, we have been conducting a monitoring research / study in Slovakia focused on the occurrence and overwintering success of free-living colonies of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Up to the most recent season, we recorded and documented 108 occupied cavities, most of them located in trees within urban and village parks, cemeteries, and roadside alleys; a smaller proportion was found in forest stands. Colonies were detected both through active field searches and with the assistance of a network of informants, including beekeepers, arborists, foresters, conservationists, scientists, and the general public. Several colonies were also located in building structures. Overwintering success was assessed in two steps. From late August to October, we recorded colonies in both previously known, and newly identified cavities. The second survey was carried out in early spring before the first major nectar flow, when colony flight activity was good visible. Successful overwintering was confirmed in 18% of observed colonies. Among 80 cavities monitored repeatedly, a high rate of re-occupation was detected (69%). In total, these cavities were inspected 337 times. Two cavities were continuously occupied throughout seven consecutive seasons, five cavities were occupied for six consecutive seasons, and six cavities showed up to three successful overwintering events. Long-term monitoring of the occurrence and overwintering success of free-living honey bee colonies enables the development of a robust dataset suitable for retrospective analyses and comparisons with environmental characteristics of the monitored sites. Moreover, these data provide a valuable basis for modeling and predicting the dynamics of free-living honey bee populations. Key words: Free-living Honey Bees, Cavity Occupation, Overwintering, Monitoring Acknowledgement: The author gratefully acknowledges the valuable guidance and expert advice provided by doc. Ing. Róbert Chlebo, PhD. and doc. Ing. Milan Kodrík, CSc. throughout the course of this research. Contact address: Matúš Pavle, Fakulta agrobiológie a potravinových zdrojov, Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 55 Methodological Approach to Assessing the Impact of Fisheries Management on the Ecological Status of Water Bodies Andrej SEMAN Supervisor: Supervisor: doc. Ing. Jana Ivanič Porhajašová, PhD. The objective of this study is to evaluate how fishing grounds management, such as stocking and catches, influence fish communities and thereby affect the assessment of the ecological status of surface water bodies in the context of the EU Water Framework Directive. The methodology is based on distinguishing the ichthyological surveys data from the direct impact of fishing grounds management. Data from ichthyological surveys were combined with information on stocking activities, catch statistics, and morphometric parameters of water bodies derived from orthophoto imagery. The analytical approach involved recalculating fish abundances per unit area and exploring their relationships with stocking and catch intensity. For species with sufficient data, linear regression models were established, and statistical parameters including the coefficient of determination (R²) and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated. These relationships enabled the correction of observed abundances, effectively reducing the influence of management interventions. For nonnative species unable to reproduce under local conditions (e.g., grass carp, rainbow trout), abundances were fully attributed to stocking, and their corrected values were set to zero. The corrected data were subsequently applied in the calculation of the Fish Index Slovakia (FIS), which is the official fish-based assessment tool for determining ecological status. A comparison between ecological status values derived from uncorrected and corrected abundances (FIS vs. FISk) provided insight into the extent to which fishing grounds management alters ecological assessments. The results demonstrate that by accounting for management-related influences, it is possible to obtain a more objective and ecologically relevant evaluation of surface water bodies. This methodological approach contributes to a better understanding of human-induced pressures on aquatic ecosystems and supports the development of more accurate tools for ecological assessment in line with European water policy requirements. Key words: fishing, ecological status, fish communities, regression models Acknowledgement: Ichthyological survey was supported by Water research institute. Contact address: Andrej Seman, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 56 Trees as Part of the Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Slovak Countryside Martina GABLÍKOVÁ, Gabriel KUCZMAN Supervisor: doc. Ing. Gabriel Kuczman, PhD. The dissertation explores the significance of trees as an integral part of the cultural and historical heritage of the Slovak countryside. The aim of the research is to identify, analyze, and interpret the functions of trees within the historical, social, spiritual, and ecological contexts of rural communities in Slovakia. In traditional culture, trees are perceived not only as natural elements but also as carriers of memory, identity, and symbolism – from sacred oaks and lindens near churches, to boundary trees and commemorative plantings associated with important events. The work is based on an interdisciplinary approach, combining ethnology, historical geography, environmental anthropology, and cultural ecology. The research includes field observations, interviews with residents of selected localities, analysis of archival documents, and mapping of culturally significant trees. Special attention is given to trees as sites of memory, their role in rituals, folk customs, and the collective identity of villages. The findings of the dissertation will contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationship between humans and landscape, support the protection of cultural heritage, and serve as a basis for developing strategies in the fields of cultural landscape management, regional development, and environmental education. The study also highlights the potential of trees as cultural ecosystem elements that play a vital role in the sustainability and identity of rural spaces. Keywords: Trees, cultural heritage, Slovak countryside, landscape Acknowledgement: This paper builds upon the master thesis of the first author and is an outcome of the following educational and research project: VEGA 1/0535/24 STRO:ViD - Cultural Ecosystem Services of Trees in Public Open Spaces of the Slovak Countryside, Responsible researcher: doc. Ing. Gabriel Kuczman, Phd. Contact address: Ing. Martina Gablíková [email protected], doc. Ing. Gabriel Kuczman, PhD., [email protected], Institute of Landscape Architecture, FHLE, SUA Nitra, Tulipánová 7, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 57 Function of selected cover crops in sustainable agricultural practices in the context of climate change and environmental protection Krisztína MAJTÁN Supervisor: doc. Ing. Katarína Olšovská, PhD Extreme climate change predictions for the next decades indicate substantial risks to agricultural productivity and global food security. Agriculture is recognized as both a driver and a potential mitigator of climate change. The implementation of alternative and progressive farming systems, particularly regenerative and sustainable management practices, offers pathways to enhance soil organic carbon stocks, restore degraded soils, and simultaneously contribute to climate change mitigation. Catch crops have always been known to mankind, but their benefits in modern agriculture are still the objects of ongoing debates. Cover crops provide agroecosystems with a wide range of ecological and agronomic benefits, including improvements in soil structure, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity. They also hold considerable potential for mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration and for reducing soil degradation by enhancing soil health and resilience. Despite these advantages, cover crops remain an underused conservation practice. This contribution highlights the benefits of cover crop use and their potential applicability in agricultural practice. It further examines studies on cover crop cultivation to advance the understanding of their functioning and interactions in an agroecosystem. Addressing these challenges and synthesizing current knowledge may support the integration of cover cropping practices into sustainable agriculture, with long-term positive impacts on ecosystems and the quality of agricultural products. Keywords: cover crops, sustainability, agriculture, climate, environment Acknowledgement: Acknowledgements for financial support in frame of the project: Intercrops for enhanced ecosystem services in sustainable agriculture: a focus on soil regenerative processes, productivity and stress resilience VEGA 1/0591/25 Contact address: Krisztína Majtán, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant Production, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 64 Assessment of Genetic Polymorphism in Hazel Pollen Using iPBS Markers Alžbeta JAUSCHOVÁ, Silvia FARKASOVÁ Supervisor: prof. PaedDr. Jana Žiarovská, PhD. Pollen polymorphism in Corylus avellana L. represents genetically determined variability that may influence not only the reproductive processes and population dynamics of the species, but also differences in the allergenic profile with relevance for clinical practice. This study investigates the genetic variability of iPBS (Inter Primer Binding Sites Polymorphism) in 28 pollen samples of Corylus avellana. The biological material was collected from various locations in Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Germany, and Russia, including urban areas, parks, botanical gardens, forests, fields, and roads, thereby capturing a broad range of different environments. Two different retrotransposon-based iPBS markers were chosen - 1882 and 2152. A dendrogram of genetic similarity was generated by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) and the Jaccard coefficient was applied to assess genetic similarity. Dendrogram is separated into four major clusters in the case of 1882 iPBS marker and into five major clusters in the case of 2152 iPBS marker. Jaccard coefficient of genetic similarity has an average of 0.39 and 0.45 for iPBS markers 1882 and 2152. Concerning the iPBS marker 1882, the highest genetic similarity was observed between the Ukrainian samples from Kyiv park and sample from Czech Republic, Chocerady, with a Jaccard coefficient of 0.8. For the iPBS marker 2152, the Slovak samples originating from Jelenec village and field in the Ivanka pri Dunaji exhibited the highest genetic similarity, with a Jaccard coefficient of 0.71. The analysis prooved the iPBS technique is effective for evaluation of genomic variability in the Corylus avellana. Key words: Corylus avellana, DNA analysis, iPBS, polymorphism Acknowledgement: This study was supported by KEGA 001SPU-4/2025 Internationalization of textbooks with genetic and molecular-security background in the context of activating education; KEGA 002SPU-4/2025 Innovative education in food-oriented study programs as a pathway for the employability of Generation Z graduates in the job market and by the Operational program Integrated Infrastructure within the project: demand-driven research for the sustainable and innovative food, Drive4SIFood 313011V336, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. Contact address: Alžbeta Jauschová, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic; [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 65 Insights into the metabolism of Metschnikowia pulcherrima in terms of winemaking Gabriela, LABOVSKÁ Supervisor: doc. Ing. Katarína Furdíková, PhD. Metschnikowia pulcherrima is the most studied yeast species of the genus Metschnikowia. The genus is associated with vine and is classified as non-Saccharomyces yeast in the field of enology. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are the group of yeast other than Saccharomyces sp., which occur on grapes, in the must and during the first stage of fermentation process. Metschnikowia pulcherrima is one of the most studied non-Saccharomyces yeasts. It is widely used as a biocontrol agent during the initial stages of fermentation. However, its aerobic metabolism and usage in winemaking have not been fully investigated yet. This work aims to characterize five autochthonous M. pulcherrima strains from a microbiological and technological perspective, taking a closer look at their anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. M. pulcherrima is a low-fermentative yeast with moderate ethanol tolerance (7% v/v of ethanol), high osmotolerance (50% w/w of glucose) and high β-glucosidase activity. Fermentation process under anaerobic and aerobic conditions was performed in fermentation flask filled with glucose-based medium (200 g/L glucose, 8 g/L yeast extract, 3.5 g/L tartaric acid) in triplicate for each M. pulcherrima strain. The presence of oxygen during fermentation experiments was provided by orbital shaker (3 Hz; 25 °C) with estimated oxygenation of at min. 20% dissolved oxygen level. Basic parameters (concentrations of glucose, organic acids, ethanol, glycerol) in sampled media were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array and refractive index detection (HPLC-DAD/RID). Volatile organic compounds (VOC) were analysed by gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Aeration during fermentation resulted in 4-times higher glucose consumption and higher ethanol concentration than under anaerobic conditions. Conversely, ethanol yield decreased under aerobic conditions from 39% (anaerobic) to 32% (aerobic). In terms of winemaking, both the presence of oxygen and the aeration time are important factors. We found that 48 h of aeration led to high glucose consumption and balanced VOC production. However, longer aeration time can lead to the destruction of the aromatic profile of the wine, particularly due to the high concentrations of fusel alcohols and ethyl acetate. Additionally, 48 h of aeration enriched the aromatic profile through increased concentrations of the desirable compounds 2-phenlyethanol and 2phenylacetaldehyde. Considering the low fermenting power of M. pulcherrima, it was necessary to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to complete the glucose fermentation. During sequential fermentation of M. pulcherrima and S. cerevisiae we observed a decrease in the final ethanol concentration, and a more balanced VOC profile compered to S. cerevisiae single fermentation. Key words: non-Saccharomyces, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, aeration, winemaking Contact address: Gabriela Labovská, Katarína Furdíková, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Chemical Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts 66 From Biodiversity to Biotechnology: Comparison of Malus kirghisorum (Kyrgyzstan) and Slovak Apple Cultivars Bektore MANSUROV Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gulbubu Kurmanbekova Apples (Malus spp.) are one of the most important fruit crops worldwide, valued for both their economic significance and biochemical activity. Their polyphenol content, enzyme activity, and antioxidant potential are central to human health benefits and biotechnological applications. This study explores the biochemical potential of the wild Kyrgyz apple Malus kirghisorum in comparison with two Slovak commercial cultivars, Evelina and Granny Smith, focusing on enzyme characteristics and their possible biotechnological relevance. Fresh apple samples collected in the 2025 season from Sary-Chelek (Kyrgyzstan) and the Bratislava region (Slovakia) were analyzed for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity using catechol as a substrate, with protein concentrations determined by the Bradford method. The crude extracts of M. kirghisorum displayed the highest specific activity (6.9 U/mg), while Evelina and Granny Smith showed lower values (1.4 and 1.3 U/mg, respectively). After threephase partitioning (TPP) purification, the enzyme activity increased in all cultivars, with Granny Smith (9.4 U/mg) and Evelina (7.9 U/mg) demonstrating higher purification efficiency. These results indicate that the Kyrgyz wild apple possesses strong native enzymatic potential, whereas Slovak cultivars exhibit superior response to purification and controlled processing. The comparative analysis highlights the complementary potential between the two regions: Kyrgyz biodiversity offers a rich source of unique biochemical activity, while Slovak cultivars represent advanced agricultural and technological adaptation. Combining these strengths could contribute to innovative enzyme applications, functional food development, and sustainable apple biotechnology. Key words: Malus kirghisorum, Apple cultivars (Evelina, Granny Smith), Enzyme activity, Biochemical diversity, Biotechnology and agriculture Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Slovak Academic Information Agency (SAIA), and Comenius University, Slovakia. The authors gratefully acknowledge their support and collaboration. Contact address: Bektore Mansurov, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra & Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra – Book of Abstracts Name of publication Scientific Conference of PhD Students of FAFR, FBFS and FHLE SUA in Nitra - Book of abstracts Editors doc. Ing. Martina Fikselová, PhD. Ing. Veronika Štefúnová, PhD. Ing. Andrea Matuškovičová Mgr. Dominik Hollý Ing. Ivan Ravza Publisher Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra Slovak Republic Form of publication: online Edition: first Year of publication: 2025 Pages: 66 Not edited at the SUA Publishing Centre in Nitra. Contributions are published in their original version, without any language corrections. ISBN 978-80-552-2919-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15414/2025.9788055229195 ______________________________________________________________________________