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Halvdanpiggen Disable images that are <6 image quality Align Camera Optimization Reconstruction uncertainty: 10 Camera Optimization Projection accuracy: 2.5 Camera Optimization Reprojection error: 0.2 Camera Optimization Disable Unaligned Images Dense Cloud Confidence: >10 Connected component size 99% 22 November 2025
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Survey Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 > 9 200 m Fig. 1. Camera locations and image overlap. Number of images: 324 Flying altitude: 111 m Ground resolution: 4.89 cm/pix Coverage area: 0.637 km² Camera stations: 324 Tie points: 200,442 Projections: 559,620 Reprojection error: 0.199 pix Camera Model Resolution Focal Length Pixel Size Precalibrated L2D-20c (12.29mm) 5280 x 3956 12.29 mm 3.36 x 3.36 μm No FC4382 (19.35mm) 4032 x 3024 19.35 mm 2.37 x 2.37 μm No Table 1. Cameras. Page 3
Camera Calibration 1 pix Fig. 2. Image residuals for L2D-20c (12.29mm). L2D-20c (12.29mm) 323 images Type Resolution Focal Length Pixel Size Frame 5280 x 3956 12.29 mm 3.36 x 3.36 μm Value Error F Cx Cy K1 K2 K3 P1 P2 F 3711.17 0.042 1.00 -0.05 -0.57 -0.19 0.16 -0.13 -0.08 -0.31 Cx 5.87202 0.059 1.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.05 Cy -22.246 0.07 1.00 -0.05 0.01 -0.00 0.04 0.79 K1 0.0281102 3.5e-05 1.00 -0.95 0.88 0.02 -0.06 K2 -0.0884312 0.00013 1.00 -0.98 -0.00 -0.00 K3 0.111354 0.00015 1.00 0.00 0.01 P1 -5.62419e-05 5.3e-06 1.00 0.03 P2 -0.00122759 4.5e-06 1.00 Table 2. Calibration coefficients and correlation matrix. Page 4
Camera Calibration 1 pix Fig. 3. Image residuals for FC4382 (19.35mm). FC4382 (19.35mm) 1 images Type Resolution Focal Length Pixel Size Frame 4032 x 3024 19.35 mm 2.37 x 2.37 μm Value Error F Cx Cy K1 K2 K3 P1 P2 F 8070.79 1.8 1.00 -0.21 -0.29 -0.09 0.07 -0.06 0.24 0.12 Cx -53.0653 1.3 1.00 0.00 -0.01 0.04 -0.07 0.79 -0.09 Cy -11.6137 1.2 1.00 -0.11 0.08 -0.04 -0.18 0.61 K1 -0.205441 0.0029 1.00 -0.97 0.92 0.07 -0.09 K2 0.724052 0.074 1.00 -0.98 -0.03 0.07 K3 5.05949 0.56 1.00 -0.00 -0.06 P1 -0.00203726 4.9e-05 1.00 -0.04 P2 -4.62845e-05 3.5e-05 1.00 Table 3. Calibration coefficients and correlation matrix. Page 5
Camera Locations 200 m -7.00 m -5.60 m -4.20 m -2.80 m -1.40 m 0 m 1.40 m 2.80 m 4.20 m 5.60 m 7.00 m x 20 Fig. 4. Camera locations and error estimates. Z error is represented by ellipse color. X,Y errors are represented by ellipse shape. Estimated camera locations are marked with a black dot. X error (m) Y error (m) Z error (m) XY error (m) Total error (m) 0.848019 1.05361 2.30163 1.35249 2.66959 Table 4. Average camera location error. X - Longitude, Y - Latitude, Z - Altitude. Page 6
Digital Elevation Model 580 m 940 m 200 m Fig. 5. Reconstructed digital elevation model. Resolution: 19.5 cm/pix Point density: 26.2 points/m² Page 7
Processing Parameters General Images 324 Aligned images 324 Coordinate system WGS 84 (EPSG::4326) Rotation angles Yaw, Pitch, Roll Tie Points Points 200,442 of 1,909,976 RMS reprojection error 0.0926355 (0.199336 pix) Max reprojection error 0.707523 (1.43996 pix) Mean key point size 2.12369 pix Point colors 3 bands, uint8 Key points No Average tie point multiplicity 3.45689 Alignment parameters Accuracy High Generic preselection Yes Reference preselection No Key point limit 60,000 Key point limit per Mpx 1,000 Tie point limit 0 Exclude stationary tie points Yes Guided image matching No Adaptive camera model fitting No Matching time 9 minutes 52 seconds Matching memory usage 1.14 GB Alignment time 7 minutes 0 seconds Alignment memory usage 755.98 MB Optimization parameters Parameters f, cx, cy, k1-k3, p1, p2 Adaptive camera model fitting No Exclude corners No Optimization time 3 seconds Date created 2025:11:17 20:14:45 Software version 2.2.1.20641 File size 110.84 MB Depth Maps Count 323 Depth maps generation parameters Quality Medium Filtering mode Mild Max neighbors 16 Processing time 4 minutes 32 seconds Memory usage 1.74 GB Date created 2025:11:17 20:36:45 Software version 2.2.1.20641 File size 606.19 MB Point Cloud Points 14,509,270 Coordinate precision 4.89 cm Point attributes Page 8
Color 3 bands, uint8 Normal Confidence 11 - 84 Point classes Created (never classified) 14,509,270 Depth maps generation parameters Quality Medium Filtering mode Mild Max neighbors 16 Processing time 4 minutes 32 seconds Memory usage 1.74 GB Point cloud generation parameters Source data Depth maps Processing time 13 minutes 49 seconds Memory usage 6.35 GB Date created 2025:11:17 20:50:34 Software version 2.2.1.20641 File size 615.11 MB Model Faces 1,880,608 Vertices 940,658 Vertex colors 3 bands, uint8 Texture 4,096 x 4,096 x 48, 3 bands, uint8 Depth maps generation parameters Quality Medium Filtering mode Mild Max neighbors 16 Processing time 4 minutes 32 seconds Memory usage 1.74 GB Point cloud generation parameters Source data Depth maps Processing time 13 minutes 49 seconds Memory usage 6.35 GB Reconstruction parameters Surface type Arbitrary Source data Point cloud Interpolation Enabled Strict volumetric masks No Processing time 3 minutes 39 seconds Memory usage 4.77 GB Texturing parameters Mapping mode Generic Blending mode Mosaic Texture size 4,096 Pixel size (m) 0.05 Enable hole filling No Enable ghosting filter Yes UV mapping time 47 seconds UV mapping memory usage 1.34 GB Blending time 20 minutes 24 seconds Blending memory usage 56.18 GB Date created 2025:11:21 13:25:25 Software version 2.2.1.20641 File size 672.15 MB System Software name Agisoft Metashape Professional Page 9
