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Hall-Hoag at Scale: Taming 800,000 Pages

Diana, Birkin; Uhr, Justin

Abstract

In 2023 Brown's special-collections John Hay Library received a grant to scan some 800,000 pages of materials from some 35,000 organizations of "The Hall-Hoag Collection of Dissenting and Extremist Printed Propaganda", and ingest them into Brown's Digital Repository. Due to volume and timeline, we ingested individual items linked to their organizations. In this presentation, we'll share two things: (1) our current "phase-1: ingestion" work involving OCR-research, rotation-detection, organizational-metadata production, and our flexible ingestion pipeline. (2) Preliminary "phase-2: enhancement" investigations involving using LLMs for summarization to improve item-level MODS, using multi-modal embedding models to group individual-items into multi-page-documents, and how to make this collection discoverablewithout results dominating all repository searches.

Full text

Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 Hall-Hoag at Scale: Taming 800,000 Pages Birkin Diana & Justin Uhr Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 the BDR Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 hall-hoag (above the fold) Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 hall-hoag (below the fold) 16.1-K orgs 681.7-K items (so far) Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 in this talk... ● the preparation and ingestion pipeline ● lessons learned (scale) ● improvements ○ discovery ○ item-organization Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 Pipeline Overview Images of Scanned Docs from Vendor Metadata Files from Librarians Preparation Check inputs and create output file directories Create page-level metadata based on org-level metadata Main Pipeline Detect Orientation and rotate if needed Run Tesseract OCR and output ALTO xml Create PDF - add document image - write invisible text, using location and size information to align it with the matching text in the image Create JP2 Derivative Image Write organd page-level tracker files Ingestion Find new candidates for ingest based on tracker files Double-check using solr to avoid duplication Ingest metadata and content files into BDR. First creating org-level ‘parent’ objects and then adding pages as ‘child’ objects Add ingestion info to tracker files Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 lessons learned... ● the more validation that can be done up-front -- the better ○ confirming metadata, checking vendor images ● there are _going_ to be errors -- accept them and prepare for them as best you can ○ make sure they don’t break the process ○ track them to be handled later ● figure out workflows with colleagues to reduce bottlenecks Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 lessons learned... ● at this scale, small things add up ○ an error that affects only 0.02% of pages occurs every week ○ an extra second or two per item adds months to the total ● it's ok to implement a best-for-now solution ○ by the time you implement a solution a better one will be available Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 discovery challenge The question... How can we make these items discoverable, without overwhelming results with possibly-offensive extremist content? Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 grouping items via multi-modal model (gemini) [ { "document_id": "1", "proposed_document_title": "House Committee Report: American Nazi Party Investigation", "page_number": 1, "is_final_page": false, "is_standalone": false }, { "document_id": "2", "proposed_document_title": "House Committee Report: American Nazi Party Investigation", "page_number": 2, "is_final_page": false, "is_standalone": false }, (--snip--) { "document_id": "2", "proposed_document_title": "Committee on Un-American Activities Publication Request", (--snip--) } ] Brown University Library — NIRD, 2025-12-05 closing... We're looking forward to 2026 work! ● Applying these technology improvements ● Working with the team on policy issues We'd also like to thank the other members of our team, and the Hay librarians, who helped implement this project.