Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Framework for Morphing Wing using Metamaterials

0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\'HVLJQ2SWLPL]DWLRQ)UDPHZRUN IRU0RUSKLQJ:LQJXVLQJ0HWDPDWHULDOV 3DYHO=LNPXQG ,QVWLWXWHRI$HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ %UQR8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ %UQR&]HFK5HSXEOLF ]LNPXQG#IPHYXWEUF] 25&,' 0LURVODY+UVWND ,QVWLWXWHRI6ROLG0HFKDQLFV 0HFKDWURQLFVDQG%LRPHFKDQLFV %UQR8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ %UQR&]HFK5HSXEOLF 25&,' 0LFKDHO.RIOHU ,QVWLWXWHRI/LJKWZHLJKW'HVLJQDQG 6WUXFWXUDO%LRPHFKDQLFV 78:LHQ 9LHQQD$XVWULD PLFKDHONRIOHU#WXZLHQDFDW 25&,' -DNXE3ROOiN ,QVWLWXWHRI$HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ %UQR8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ %UQR&]HFK5HSXEOLF 25&,'; -DQ1DYUiWLO ,QVWLWXWHRI$HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ %UQR8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ %UQR&]HFK5HSXEOLF 25&,' (ULN-DQYDQ.DPSHQ )DFXOW\RI$HURVSDFH(QJLQHHULQJ 'HOI8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ 'HOIW7KH1HWKHUODQGV (YDQ.DPSHQ#78'HOIWQO 25&,' $EVWUDFW²0HWDPDWHULDOV LQWURGXFH LQQRYDWLYH SRVVLELOLWLHV IRUPRUSKLQJZLQJGHVLJQ7KLVSDSHUH[SORUHVWZRPHWKRGVRI LQFRUSRUDWLQJ PHWDPDWHULDOV LQWR PRUSKLQJ ZLQJ GHVLJQ DQG DSSOLHV D 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 'HVLJQ 2SWLPL]DWLRQ SURFHVV WR RSWLPL]H DQG FRPSDUH WKLV GHVLJQ DJDLQVW D FRQYHQWLRQDO FRPSRVLWH ZLQJ 7KH DQDO\VLV LQWHJUDWHV DHURG\QDPLF VWUXFWXUDO DQG FRQWURO FRQVLGHUDWLRQV WR HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKH PHWDPDWHULDO DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH WZR DSSURDFKHV LQYROYH D YDULDEOHVWLIIQHVV OHDGLQJ HGJH VXUIDFH DQGDWUDLOLQJHGJHHTXLSSHGZLWKDPHWDPDWHULDOODWWLFHKLQJH IRU VPRRWK GHIRUPDWLRQ 7KH SDSHU SUHVHQWV WKH 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 'HVLJQ 2SWLPL]DWLRQ IUDPHZRUN DQG LQLWLDO ILQGLQJV IURP LQGLYLGXDO DQDO\VHV OLQNLQJ WZRGLPHQVLRQDO DHURVWUXFWXUDO ZLQJ ULE GHVLJQ ZLWK VXUURJDWH PRGHOV WKDW H[WHQG WR WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO DHURG\QDPLF DQG FRQWURO HYDOXDWLRQV .H\ZRUGV²PHWDPDWHULDOVPRUSKLQJ ZLQJPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ GHVLJQRSWLPL]DWLRQXQPDQQHGDHULDOYHKLFOHV ,,1752'8&7,21 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 'HVLJQ 2SWLPL]DWLRQ 0'2 KDV EHFRPHDVWDQGDUGLQHIILFLHQWDLUFUDIWGHVLJQ,QWKLVSDSHU ZHLQWURGXFHWKHXVHRI0'2WRHYDOXDWHQHZDSSURDFKHVLQ PRUSKLQJ ZLQJV XVLQJ PHWDPDWHULDOV 7KH PHWDPDWHULDO DSSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHPRUSKLQJZLQJDUHUHFHQWO\LQWKHVFRSHRI UHVHDUFKHUV:DQJHWDO>@DQG%RVWRQHWDO>@LQYHVWLJDWHG PXOWLVWDEOH PHWDPDWHULDO ZLQJ VWUXFWXUHV :DQJ HW DO >@ DSSOLHG GLVWULEXWHG DFWLYH ODWWLFH VWUXFWXUHV ZLWK YDULHG FHOO JHRPHWULHVWRDQXSSHUZLQJVXUIDFH-DQHWWHWDO>@SURSRVHG D PHWKRG WR GHVLJQ ORZ GHQVLW\ KLJKO\ FRPSOLDQW ZLQJ VWUXFWXUH ZLWK VSDWLDOO\ WXQHG VWLIIQHVV 7KH SUHYLRXVO\ PHQWLRQHGZRUNVZHUHIRFXVHGRQVPDOORUPLFUR8$9V'H *DVSDUL>@XVHGDQ0'2DSSURDFKIRUDPRUSKLQJOHDGLQJ HGJH/(RQDVHDWHUUHJLRQDODLUFUDIW+LVDHURG\QDPLF DQGWRSRORJ\RSWLPL]DWLRQOHGWRWKHGHVLJQRIDFRPSOLDQWULE XVLQJ VXSHUHODVWLF PDWHULDO 1L7L12/ ,Q FRQWUDVW WR DOO PHQWLRQHG SXEOLFDWLRQV ZH SURSRVH WZR GLIIHUHQW PHWDPDWHULDO DSSOLFDWLRQV IRUWKH PRUSKLQJ ZLQJ 7KH ILUVW LQYROYHV LPSOHPHQWLQJ D PHWDPDWHULDO VWUXFWXUH RQ WKH /( VXUIDFH DQG XWLOL]LQJ D VWDQGDUG NLQHPDWLF PHFKDQLVP DV D PRUSKLQJ ULE 7KH VXUIDFH ZLWK YDULDEOH VWLIIQHVV FKDUDFWHULVWLFVLVH[SHFWHGWRDFKLHYHRSWLPDODHURG\QDPLF VKDSHV LQ GLIIHUHQW IOLJKW UHJLPHV $QRWKHU EHQHILW RI WKLV DSSURDFKLV6WUXFWXUH+HDOWK0RQLWRULQJ6+0IXQFWLRQDOLW\ RIWKHZLQJVXUIDFHDVSURSRVHGE\%DMHUHWDO>@KRZHYHU WKH6+0ZDVQRWLQFOXGHGLQ0'27KHVHFRQGDSSURDFK DSSOLHG WR WKH WUDLOLQJ HGJH IHDWXUHV D PHWDPDWHULDO ODWWLFH RSWLPL]HGWRDOORZURWDWLRQRIWKHWUDLOLQJHGJHZKLOHEHLQJ VWLIIHQRXJKWRFDUU\WKHQRUPDOIRUFHORDGLQJVLPXOWDQHRXVO\ $0RUSKLQJXVLQJPHWDPDWHULDOV 0HWDPDWHULDOV FDQ EH GHVFULEHG DV D FRPSRVLWLRQ RI UHSHDWLQJPLFURVFRSLFFHOOVIRUPLQJDPDFURVFRSLFVWUXFWXUH DVQRWHGE\=DGSRRU>@8QOLNHFRQYHQWLRQDOKRPRJHQHRXV PDWHULDOV PHWDPDWHULDOV FDQ DFKLHYH XQLTXH PDFURVFRSLF SURSHUWLHVVXFKDVQHJDWLYH3RLVVRQ¶VUDWLR>@>@RUDVSDWLDO SURSHUWLHVYDULDWLRQ>@>@+RPRJHQL]DWLRQVHUYHVDVD EULGJHEHWZHHQWKHPLFURVFRSLFDQGPDFURVFRSLFSURSHUWLHV RIPHWDPDWHULDOV6XFFHVVIXOKRPRJHQL]DWLRQUHTXLUHVDFOHDU VHSDUDWLRQRIVFDOHVZKLFKPD\QRWEHSRVVLEOHLIWKHFHOOVL]H LVWRRODUJHFRPSDUHGWRWKHRYHUDOOVWUXFWXUH$GGLWLRQDOO\ WKHJUDGLQJRIWKHFHOOVRQWKHPDFURVFRSLFOHYHOLPSDLUVWKH SHULRGLFLW\ RI WKH VWUXFWXUH ,Q WKHVH FDVHV IXOO VFDOH VLPXODWLRQVDUHQHHGHGWRHQVXUHDFFXUDF\,IKRZHYHUWKH\ DUH IXOILOOHG YDULRXV DSSURDFKHV IRU PHWDPDWHULDO KRPRJHQL]DWLRQFDQEHHPSOR\HG,QSODQHORDGLQJHQDEOHVWR XVH GHQVLW\EDVHG RU VLPSOLILHG JHRPHWU\ PRGHO >@ RU FRPSXWDWLRQRIWKHHIIHFWLYHHODVWLFPRGXOLE\UHDOJHRPHWU\ PRGHOFRPSDULVRQ>@:KHQFRQVLGHULQJPRGHUDWHRUODUJH GHIOHFWLRQV WKH VWUXFWXUDO UHVSRQVH H[KLELWV PRUH FRPSOH[ EHKDYLRUVXFKDVFRXSOLQJHIIHFWVEHWZHHQORQJLWXGLQDODQG WUDQVYHUVDOGLUHFWLRQV>@>@ %0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\GHVLJQRSWLPL]DWLRQ 2QHRIWKHILUVWUHVHDUFKRQ0'2ZDVFDUULHGE\DWHDPRI +DIND HW DO >@ DQG 6RELHV]F]DQVNL6RELHVNL >@ $ FRPSUHKHQVLYH RYHUYLHZ RI 0'2 DUFKLWHFWXUHV HODERUDWHG 0DUWLQV DQG /DPEH >@ 7KH RYHUYLHZ FRYHUV ERWK PRQROLWKLF DQG GLVWULEXWHG DUFKLWHFWXUHV $ QXPEHU RI WKH W\SHV RI SUHVHQWHG DUFKLWHFWXUHV DLP WR DQ LGHD WKDW 0'2 VKRXOGEHDOZD\VVHWXSLQGLYLGXDOO\WRDJLYHQGHVLJQ7KH LPSRUWDQWDVSHFWRIVDYLQJFRPSXWDWLRQDOWLPHLQ0'2LVXVH RIVXUURJDWHVRUUHVSRQVHVXUIDFHPHWKRGRORJ\506>@ 0RUH UHFHQW ZRUNV EURXJKW D IRFXV RQ PLVVLRQ RU IOLJKW SHUIRUPDQFHPRGXOHLQ0'2VXFKDV$IRQVRHWDO>@DQG $OEXTXHUTXHHWDO>@5HJDUGLQJWKHPHQWLRQHGOLWHUDWXUH VHDUFK WKH 0'2 ZLOO OHDG WR OHYHO 0'2 ZLWK XVLQJ 5HVSRQVH 6XUIDFH 0HWKRGRORJ\ 560 DV VXUURJDWHV WR UHGXFHWKHFRPSXWDWLRQWLPHFRQQHFWHGWRYDULRXVDQDO\]HG IOLJKWUHJLPHV &,QYROYHGGLVFLSOLQHV  7KH HVVHQWLDO LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ FRXSOLQJ LQ PHWDPDWHULDO DVVHVVPHQWLQYROYHVIOXLGVWUXFWXUHLQWHUDFWLRQDWWKHZLQJULE OHYHO0RUSKLQJVWUXFWXUHVDUHPRGHOHGDV'ULEVWUXFWXUHV 236 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE 2024 New Trends in Aviation Development (NTAD) | 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/NTAD63796.2024.10850343 Authorized licensed use limited to: Brno University of Technology. Downloaded on December 16,2025 at 15:00:18 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. 7KH )LQLWH (OHPHQW 0HWKRG )(0 LV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ DSSURDFKIRUDQDO\]LQJWKHVWUXFWXUDOORDGLQJDQGGHIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH ZLQJ ULE 6WUXFWXUDO ORDGLQJ PXVW EH EDODQFHG ZLWK DHURG\QDPLFORDGLQJZKLFKFDQEHGHWHUPLQHGE\ORZRUKLJK ILGHOLW\ DHURG\QDPLF DQDO\VHV DQG DFWXDWLRQ IRUFHV IURP FRQWURO DQDO\VHV 7KHVH DHURG\QDPLF DQG FRQWURO DQDO\VHV VKRXOGEHDSSOLHGDFURVVWKHHQWLUHZLQJWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQW WKHVSDQHIIHFWV '5HVHDUFKJRDO 7KHUHVHDUFKJRDORIWKLVSDSHULVWRVHWXS0'2IRUWKH PRUSKLQJZLQJ7KLVVHWXSZLOODOORZIRUWKHFRPSDULVRQRI PRUSKLQJZLQJGHVLJQZLWKDVWDQGDUGFRPSRVLWHZLQJGHVLJQ ERWKLQWKHLURSWLPL]HGVWDWHV7RDFKLHYHWKLVZHXVHW\SLFDO 8$9 FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ZLWK DQ 072: RI  NJ DQG D UHFWDQJXODUZLQJRIWKHVDPHVKDSHDQGVL]HDVXVHGLQWKH &+$1*(SURMHFWE\:HUWHUHWDO>@DQGODWHULQWKH6PDUW; SURMHFWE\GH%UHXNHUHWDO>@7KHVH8$9FKDUDFWHULVWLFV HQDEOHXVWRDVVHVVWKHZLQJGHVLJQLQYDULRXVIOLJKWUHJLPHV XQGHU WULPPHG FRQGLWLRQV 7KH 0'2 LQFOXGHV ' DHUR VWUXFWXUDODQDO\VLVDWWKHULEOHYHODQGFRQWURODQGDHURG\QDPLF DQDO\VHVDWWKHZLQJDQG8$9OHYHOV$FRQFHSWXDOGHVLJQRI WKH ZLQJ VHJPHQW GHVLJQ LV GHSLFWHG LQ )LJXUH  7KH PHWDPDWHULDOVDUHDSSOLHGRQ/(VXUIDFHDQG7(ODWWLFHKLQJH 2SWLPDOVWLIIQHVVGLVWULEXWLRQRIKRPRJHQL]HGFKDUDFWHULVWLFV LVJRLQJWREHVHDUFKHGZLWKLQWKH0'27KHKRPRJHQL]HG FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DUH PHUJHG WR D EHDP LQ WKH ' VWUXFWXUDO DQDO\VLV7KHODWWLFHSODFHGDWWKH7(KLQJHSRVLWLRQLVJRLQJ WREH DQDO\]HG RQ WKH PLFURVFDOHOHYHO DV VKRZV )LJXUH  (ODVWLFVLOLFRQHEDVHGIRLOLVFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKH7(VXUIDFH KRZHYHU ORDGLQJ IURP GLIIHUHQW 7( GHIOHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ DGMDFHQWULEVLVQRWLQFOXGHGLQWKH0'2 ,,0(7+2'6 6LQJOHGLVFLSOLQHDQDO\VHVXVHGLQWKH0'2DUHLQWURGXFHG DWILUVWLQWKLVFKDSWHU7KHQWKHVHFWLRQFRQWLQXHVZLWK0'2 DUFKLWHFWXUHGHVFULSWLRQ $6LQJOHGLVFLSOLQHVDQDO\VHV $HURG\QDPLFV 7KH DHURG\QDPLF SHUIRUPDQFH HYDOXDWLRQ RI DLUIRLOV LV EDVHGRQWKHZLGHO\NQRZQDQGDSSOLHG;)2,/DQDO\VLVWRRO GHYHORSHGE\'UHODDW0,7>@7KLVWRROLQWHJUDWHVDSDQHO PHWKRG ZLWK D YLVFRXV ERXQGDU\ OD\HU PRGHO WR SURYLGH SUHGLFWLRQVRIWKHDHURG\QDPLFSURSHUWLHVRIWKHDLUIRLOVXFK DV OLIW GUDJ DQG SLWFK PRPHQW FRHIILFLHQWV DV ZHOO DVWKH SUHVVXUHGLVWULEXWLRQRYHUWKHDLUIRLO;)2,/LVFDSDEOHRI VLPXODWLQJERWKODPLQDUDQGWXUEXOHQWERXQGDU\OD\HUVDVZHOO DVSUHGLFWLQJWKHWUDQVLWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHW\SHVRIERXQGDU\ OD\HUV 7KH WRRO LV ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ ERWK DFDGHPLF DQG LQGXVWULDOHQYLURQPHQWVGXHWRLWVEDODQFHEHWZHHQDFFXUDF\ DQGFRPSXWDWLRQDOHIILFLHQF\ 7KH DHURG\QDPLF SURSHUWLHV RI WKH ZLQJ DUH HYDOXDWHG XVLQJWKH$HUR6DQGER[$6%WRROER[>@LPSOHPHQWHGLQ WKH3\WKRQODQJXDJH7KLVWRROER[LQWHJUDWHVQXPHURXVORZ ILGHOLW\ PHWKRGV IRU ZLQJ DQG DLUFUDIW DQDO\VLV ,W DOVR SURYLGHVDQHQYLURQPHQWIRUJUDGLHQWEDVHGRSWLPL]DWLRQRI WKH ZLQJV DQG DLUSODQHV EDVHG RQ DQ DOJRULWKPLF GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQDSSURDFK,QWKLVZRUNZHXVHDOLIWLQJOLQH PHWKRG LQWHJUDWHG LQ $6% ZLWK PRGLILFDWLRQ IRU QRQ]HUR VZHHSDQGGLKHGUDODQJOHVFDSDEOHRIDQDO\VLQJPXOWLSOHZLQJ FRQILJXUDWLRQV7KHZLQJSURILOHGUDJLVXVXDOO\LQFOXGHGLQ WKHDHURG\QDPLFDQDO\VLVHLWKHUE\GLUHFW;)2,/FDOFXODWLRQ RUE\1HXUDO)RLO>@HVWLPDWLRQQHXUDOQHWZRUNSUHWUDLQHG RQWKH;)2,/FDOFXODWLRQVLQDGHILQHGVSDQZLVHZLQJ VHFWLRQ+RZHYHULQWKH0'2SURFHVVWKH$6%UHDGVDLUIRLO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV IURP VXUURJDWHV GHILQHG E\ DHURVWUXFWXUDO DQDO\VHVIRUHDFKGHVLJQYHFWRU 6WUXFWXUDO/( ,PSOHPHQWLQJ PHWDPDWHULDOV LQ WKH PRUSKLQJ ZLQJ GHVLJQUHTXLUHVPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\PRGHOOLQJDSSURDFKGXHWR WKHJHQHUDOO\DQLVRWURSLFDQGKHWHURJHQHRXVEHKDYLRURIWKHVH VWUXFWXUHV 7KH\ DUH YDOXDEOH IRU WKHLU ODUJH EHQGLQJ IOH[LELOLW\ZKLFKFDQEHWDLORUHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVWUXFWXUDO UHTXLUHPHQWV 6XFK PHWDPDWHULDO LV VKRZQRQOHIW VLGHRI )LJXUH7KHEHQGLQJDQGWHQVLRQDOVWLIIQHVVLVGULYHQE\ FKDQJLQJ WKH JRYHUQLQJ JHRPHWU\ SDUDPHWHU Z )RU WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQSXUSRVHVWKH/(JHRPHWU\LVVLPSOLILHGWRWKH LQSODQHSUREOHPGHVFULEHGE\ILQLWHVWUDLQODUJHGHIRUPDWLRQ 7LPRVKHQNR EHDP WKHRU\ ZKHUH KRPRJHQL]HG PDWHULDO SDUDPHWHUVDUHH[WUDFWHGE\XVLQJTXDGUDWLFHOHPHQW LQWHUSRODWLRQ IXQFWLRQV IRU NQRZQ LQWHUQDO IRUFHV DQG GHIRUPDWLRQV RI WKH UHDO JHRPHWU\ PRGHO FRPSXWHG LQ $16<657KHQRQOLQHDUPDWHULDOGDWDWKHWUDQVYHUVH 3RLVVRQ UDWLR HIIHFW DQG WKH JHRPHWULF QRQOLQHDULWLHV DUH FRQVLGHUHG7KHNLQHPDWLFPHFKDQLVPLVEDVHGRQWKHVWXG\ >@>@ZKHUHWKHNLQHPDWLFPHFKDQLVPFRQVLVWVRIVLPSOH URGVFRQQHFWHGZLWKMRLQWVDQGLWKDVGHJUHHRIIUHHGRPVHH RQULJKWVLGHRI)LJXUH  6WUXFWXUDO7( 7KHJRDORIWKH7(LVWRFUHDWHDKLQJHOLNHVWUXFWXUHVLPLODU WRWKHRQHSUHVHQWHGE\/LXHWDO>@E\XVLQJPHWDPDWHULDOV LQVWHDG RI D KRPRJHQHRXV PDWHULDO +RZHYHU GXH WR WKH RYHUDOOZLQJGLPHQVLRQVDQGPDQXIDFWXULQJOLPLWDWLRQVWKH  )LJXUH9LVXDOL]DWLRQRIPRUSKLQJZLQJVHJPHQWXVLQJ PHWDPDWHULDOVDSSOLHGRQOHDGLQJHGJHVXUIDFHZLWKYDULDEOH VWLIIQHVVDQGWUDLOLQJHGJHODWWLFHKLQJH  )LJXUH/(JHRPHWU\DQGPHWDPDWHULDOPRGHO 237 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: Brno University of Technology. Downloaded on December 16,2025 at 15:00:18 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. VHSDUDWLRQRIVFDOHVFDQQRWEHJUDQWHG7KHUHIRUHDIXOOVFDOH ILQLWHHOHPHQWDQDO\VLVLVHPSOR\HGWRSUHGLFWWKHVWUXFWXUDO PHFKDQLFDO EHKDYLRU 7R PDLQWDLQ D UHDVRQDEOH FRPSXWDWLRQDO FRVW IRU WKH IXOOVFDOH DQDO\VLV WZR DGMXVWPHQWV DUH FRQVLGHUHG ILUVW WKH SUREOHP LV DSSUR[LPDWHG DV WZRGLPHQVLRQDO DQG VHFRQG EHDP HOHPHQWV DUH XWLOL]HG LQ SODFH RI FRQWLQXXP HOHPHQWV $QRWKHU FKDOOHQJH DULVHV GXH WR WKH FRPSOH[ PDWHULDO EHKDYLRURIWKHVXSHUHODVWLFPDWHULDO1LWLQROZKLFKLVFKRVHQ GXHWRLWVKLJKVWUDLQUHFRYHUDELOLW\7RDFFRXQWIRUWKLVWKH QRQOLQHDUPDWHULDOFDSDELOLWLHVRI$%$4866WDQGDUG 'DVVDXOW6\VWqPHV6LPXOLD&RUS3URYLGHQFH5,86$DUH XVHG LQ FRQMXQFWLRQ ZLWK D FXVWRP XVHU PDWHULDO 7KH JHRPHWU\ LV UHSUHVHQWHG E\ FHOOV FRQVLVWLQJ RI RQH GLPHQVLRQDOVSOLQHVZKLFKDUHSDUDPHWUL]HGE\DGULOODQJOH DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHD7KLVDQJOHLVVXEVHTXHQWO\JUDGHG XVLQJDQRWKHUWZRGLPHQVLRQDOVSOLQHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHE WRFUHDWHWKHPDFURVFRSLFVWUXFWXUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHF 7KLVDSSURDFKIROORZVWKHZRUNRI=ZDUHWDO>@DQG UHGXFHVWKHQXPEHURISDUDPHWHUV QHHGHG WR GHVFULEH WKH ZKROH VWUXFWXUH ZKLFK LV EHQHILFLDO IRU WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQ SURFHVV  &RQWURO  7KHFRQWURODQDO\VLVIROORZVWKH'DHURG\QDPLFDQDO\VLV ZKLFKSURYLGHVVSDQZLVHOLIWGLVWULEXWLRQDQG7(GHIOHFWLRQLQ WKH DQDO\]HG IOLJKW UHJLPHV 7KH FRQWURO DQDO\VLVV PDLQ REMHFWLYHLVWRGHVLJQVHUYRVWRHQDEOHPRUSKLQJZLQJFRQWURO ZKLOH PLQLPL]LQJ WKH ZHLJKW RI DFWXDWRUV 7KLV JRDO LV DFKLHYHG E\ VHOHFWLQJ DFWXDWRUV EDVHG RQ WKH PD[LPXP ORDGLQJIURPDOODQDO\]HGIOLJKWUHJLPHV7KHIOLJKWUHJLPHV LQFOXGH V\PPHWULFUHJLPHV IURP DHURG\QDPLF DQDO\VLV DQG UROOPDQHXYHUV3XUHUROOLQJPRWLRQDVGHVFULEHGE\3KLOOLSV >@ LV DSSOLHG WR FKHFN UROO UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KH UROO UHTXLUHPHQWVDUHGHULYHGIURP&69/$>@VSHFLI\LQJWKH PD[LPXPWLPHIRUDGHJUHHEDQNWXUQWRUHYHUVHLQWRD GHJUHHEDQNLQWKHRSSRVLWHGLUHFWLRQ&RQWURODOORFDWLRQLV LPSOHPHQWHGGXHWRWKHPRUSKLQJZLQJVFDSDELOLW\WRYDU\7( GHIOHFWLRQ DORQJ WKH VSDQ 5ROO FRQWURO HIIHFWLYHQHVV LV HVWLPDWHGXVLQJDOLQHDUIXQFWLRQFDOFXODWHGIURPWKHOLIWVORSH PXOWLSOLHGE\WKHOHYHUDUPRIWKHZLQJVHJPHQWWRWKHUROO D[LV  'DLV\FKDLQLQJFRQWURODOORFDWLRQLVDVLPSOHPHWKRGRI GLVWULEXWLQJWKHSVHXGRFRQWUROLQSXWDFURVVPXOWLSOHDFWXDWRUV :KHQDQDFWXDWRUEHFRPHVIXOO\VDWXUDWHGWKHUHPDLQGHURI WKHSVHXGRLQSXWLVVHQWWRWKHQH[WDFWXDWRU7KLVUHSHDWVXQWLO DOODFWXDWRUVDUHVDWXUDWHGRUWKHLQSXWZDVDOORFDWHGDQGWKHUH LVQRLQSXWWRVHQGIXUWKHUPDNLQJRWKHUDFWXDWRUVXQDIIHFWHG >@ 7KH 'DLV\ FKDLQLQJ FRQWURO DOORFDWLRQ PHWKRG ZDV PRGLILHG WR PLQLPL]H GLIIHUHQFHV LQ GHIOHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ QHLJKERULQJ7(ULEVDVH[FHVVLYHGLIIHUHQFHVLQGHIOHFWLRQFDQ LQGXFHKLJKWHQVLRQLQWKH7(IOH[LEOHVXUIDFH6DWXUDWLRQZDV UHSODFHGZLWKDQDUWLILFLDOOLPLWRQWKHPD[LPXPGLIIHUHQFHLQ 7(GHIOHFWLRQEHWZHHQDGMDFHQWULEV  2QO\VORZFKDQJHVDUHH[SHFWHGLQWKHPRUSKLQJRIWKH /(ZKLFKLVLQWHQGHGWRUHPDLQFRQVWDQWDORQJWKHVSDQ7ZR DFWXDWRU GHVLJQ YDULDQWV DUH DQDO\]HG WKH ILUVW LQYROYHV D VLQJOHVHUYRORFDWHGLQWKHIXVHODJHWRSRZHUWKHHQWLUH/( ZKLOHWKHVHFRQGXVHVDVHSDUDWHVHUYRIRUHDFKPRUSKLQJ/( ULE7KHOLJKWHURIWKHWZRDFWXDWRUGHVLJQVZLOOEHVHOHFWHG %0'2$UFKLWHFWXUH 7KH0'2DUFKLWHFWXUHDOLJQVZLWKWKHRYHUDOOJRDOVRIWKH %$$1*SURMHFW>@ZKLFKDUHGHILQHGDVDPRUSKLQJZLQJ GHPRQVWUDWRUDQGPRUSKLQJZLQJGHVLJQ7KHGHPRQVWUDWRULV LQWHQGHG WR EH D ZLQJ VHFWLRQ ERXQGHG E\ WZR ULEV VKRZFDVLQJWKHWHFKQRORJ\DQGXQGHUJRLQJZLQGWXQQHOWHVWV 7KHLQLWLDO0'2LVFRPPRQIRUERWKSURMHFWJRDOVDQG WKHUHIRUHIRFXVHVRQVLQJOHULERSWLPL]DWLRQZLWKH[WHQVLRQV WRVSDQZLVHDHURG\QDPLFRSWLPL]DWLRQDQGFRQWURODQDO\VLVWR HYDOXDWHWKHREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQ$IWHUWKHILUVWVWDJHRI0'2 WKHGHPRQVWUDWRUZLOOEHGHVLJQHGLQGHWDLODQGPDQXIDFWXUHG +RZHYHU WKH ZLQJ GHVLJQ VKRXOG FRQWLQXH WR LQFRUSRUDWH VSDQZLVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVLQWKH0'2SURFHVV7KHSURSRVHG 0'2 DUFKLWHFWXUH LQ )LJXUH  LV YLVXDOL]HG XVLQJ ;6'0 YLVXDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQGHILQHGE\/DPEHDQG0DUWLQV>@ 7KH 0'2 SURFHVV EHJLQV ZLWK D GHVLJQ YHFWRU WKDW GHVFULEHVWKHVLPSOLILHGJHRPHWU\RIWKHOHDGLQJDQGWUDLOLQJ HGJHV 7KH /( GHVFULSWLRQ LQFOXGHV WKH GHILQLWLRQ RI WKH NLQHPDWLF PHFKDQLVP GHWDLOLQJ MRLQW SRVLWLRQV DQG WKH GLPHQVLRQV RI WKH FRQQHFWLQJ URGV +RPRJHQL]HG VWLIIQHVV FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH/(VXUIDFHDUHGHILQHGDORQJERWKWKH XSSHUDQGORZHUZLQJVXUIDFHVH[WHQGLQJIURPWKH/(WRWKH IL[HG ZLQJ ER[ $ GLIIHUHQW DSSURDFK LV XVHG IRU WKH 7( GHVLJQ7KHGHVLJQYHFWRULQFOXGHVSDUDPHWHUVGHVFULELQJWKH ODWWLFH JHRPHWU\ DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  7KH JHRPHWU\ LV GHILQHGE\VL[SRLQWVZLWKVSOLQHLQWHUSRODWLRQXVHGEHWZHHQ WKHP 7KH UHDU SDUW RI WKH 7( DWWDFKHG WR WKH ODWWLFH KDV SUHGHILQHGGLPHQVLRQVDQGLVQRWLQFOXGHGLQWKH0'2 )LJXUH7(/DWWLFHGHVLJQ 238 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: Brno University of Technology. Downloaded on December 16,2025 at 15:00:18 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. $OOWKHPHQWLRQHGSDUDPHWHUVKDYHDFRQWLQXRXVQDWXUHRU FDQEHWUHDWHGDVFRQWLQXRXVVXFKDVWKHGLPHQVLRQVRIWKH FRQQHFWLQJURGVLQWKHNLQHPDWLFPHFKDQLVP7KLVDSSURDFK LVLQWHQGHGWRURXQGWKHILQDOURGGHVLJQVWRWKHFORVHVWPDWFK IURP D ZLGH VHOHFWLRQ RI DOXPLQXP URG VHPL SURGXFWV +RZHYHUWKHQXPEHURIULEVDORQJWKHVSDQLVDGLVFUHWH SDUDPHWHU DQG KDV EHHQ H[FOXGHG IURP WKH GHVLJQ YHFWRU )RUWKHLQLWLDO0'2ILYHULEVSHUKDOIVSDQZHUHFKRVHQ7KH 0'2ZLOOWKHQEHUHSHDWHGZLWKGLIIHUHQWQXPEHUVRIULEVWR RSWLPL]HWKLVGLVFUHWHSDUDPHWHU   7KH ILUVW RSWLPL]DWLRQ EORFN ODEHOHG  UHSUHVHQWV WKH PDLQ0'2ORRS7KHSURSRVHGDUFKLWHFWXUHLVLPSOHPHQWHG LQ2SHQ0'$2VRIWZDUH>@ZKLFKPDQDJHVWKHSULPDU\ 0'2 ORRS 7KH IROORZLQJ 0XOWL'LVFLSOLQDU\ $QDO\VLV 0'$ODEHOHGLQ)LJXUHLVDORRSIRUGLPHQVLRQDO DHURVWUXFWXUDO DQDO\VHV RI D ZLQJ VHFWLRQ 7KLV ORRS LV UHSHDWHGIRUFDVHVGHILQHGE\ FHQWUDOFRPSRVLWHGHVLJQ ZLWKIRXUIDFWRUV$QJOHRI$WWDFN$R$IOLJKWYHORFLW\DQG /(DQG7(GHIOHFWLRQV6LQFHRQO\VPDOOGHIOHFWLRQVDURXQG  GHJUHHV DUH FRQVLGHUHG D TXDGUDWLF UHVSRQVH VXUIDFH PHWKRGRORJ\ 560 LQ EORFN QXPEHU  LV H[SHFWHG WR SURYLGHJRRGEDODQFHEHWZHHQWKH PRGHOLQJ DFFXUDF\ DQG FRPSXWDWLRQDO H[SHQVH 7KH 560 LV FRQVWUXFWHG IRU DHURG\QDPLF FRHIILFLHQWV F/ F'DQGF P IRU DFWXDWRUV PRPHQWVDQGIRUPD[LPXPVWUHVVRI/(DQG7(FRPSRQHQWV DVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHIRXUIDFWRUV$WWKLVVWDJHWZRDQDO\VHV XWLOL]HWKHVHULEVXUURJDWHVDWWKHZLQJOHYHO %ORFNSURYLGHVRSWLPDOZLQJVSDQZLVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV LQUHJLPHVQHFHVVDU\WRHYDOXDWHFRQVWUDLQWVDQGREMHFWLYHV $QRWKHUJRDORIWKHDQDO\VLVLVWRHQVXUHWKDWWKH8$9FDQ DFKLHYHLWVPD[LPXPOLIWFRHIILFLHQW%ORFNDVVHVVHVUROO UHTXLUHPHQWV DQG GHWHUPLQHV WKH VL]H RI WKH PRUSKLQJ DFWXDWRUV7KHILQDOEORFNODEHOHGLQFOXGHVERWKFRQVWUDLQW DQGREMHFWLYHIXQFWLRQV&RQVWUDLQWVOLPLWVWUXFWXUDOORDGLQJ EDVHGRQPDWHULDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV7KHREMHFWLYHVDUHGHULYHG IURP WKH PD[LPXP UDQJH 5PD[ DQG HQGXUDQFH (PD[ HTXDWLRQVIRUEDWWHU\SRZHUHGDLUFUDIW%RWKPD[LPXPUDQJH DQGHQGXUDQFHDUHSURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHUDWLRVRIEDWWHU\PDVV PEDWWWRWKHPD[LPXPWDNHRIIZHLJKWP72:RIWKH8$9 %DWWHU\PDVVYDULHVLQYHUVHO\ZLWKZLQJPDVVDVDQ\FKDQJH RIZLQJPDVVLVUHIOHFWHGLQWKHEDWWHU\PDVVJLYHQWKDWWKH 8$9¶VPD[LPXPPDVVLVIL[HG ܴ௠௔௫ൎܿ௅ ܿ஽݉௕௔௧௧ ்݉ைௐሺͳሻ ܧ௠௔௫ൎܿ௅ଷȀଶ ܿ஽݉௕௔௧௧ ்݉ைௐ ଷȀଶ  ሺʹሻ  %RWK SDUDPHWHUV DUH LQFOXGHG LQ REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ ZLWK LQYHUVYDOXHDQGFRPELQHGXVLQJZHLJKWHGVXP ,,,5(68/76 7KH0'2VHWXSLVLQWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQSURFHVVUHFHQWO\ 7KHUHIRUH RQO\ SUHOLPLQDU\ VLQJOH GLVFLSOLQDU\ UHVXOWV DUH  )LJXUH;'60YLVXDOL]DWLRQRISURSRVHG0'2DUFKLWHFWXUH 239 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: Brno University of Technology. Downloaded on December 16,2025 at 15:00:18 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. SURYLGHG LQ WKLV VHFWLRQ $W ILUVW UHVXOWV RI DHURG\QDPLF RSWLPL]DWLRQDSSOLHGWRDQRULJLQDOZLQJZLWK1$&$ DLUIRLOVLVLQWURGXFHGWKHQVRPHUHVXOWVIURP/(VWUXFWXUDO DQDO\VLVFRQFOXGHVWKLVVHFWLRQ 7RHVWLPDWHWKHSRWHQWLDOEHQHILWVRIZLQJPRUSKLQJRQ DHURG\QDPLFSHUIRUPDQFHDSUHOLPLQDU\DHURG\QDPLFVKDSH RSWLPL]DWLRQZDVSHUIRUPHGXVLQJWKHOLIWLQJOLQHPHWKRGDQG WKH1HXUDO)RLOWRROLPSOHPHQWHGLQ$HUR6DQGER[$6%7KH ZLQJVKDSHSDUDPHWHUVXVHGWRYDU\WKHPRUSKLQJSDUWVRIWKH ZLQJ ZHUH GHILQHG XVLQJ WKH &ODVV6KDSH )XQFWLRQ 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ RULJLQDOO\ SURSRVHG E\ .XOIDQ >@ DQG LPSOHPHQWHGLQ$6%7RDFFRXQWIRUFDPEHUPRUSKLQJZKLOH FRQVLGHULQJDIL[HGZLQJER[VKDSHWKHSDUDPHWHUL]DWLRQZDV PRGLILHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHPHWKRGGHYHORSHGE\GH*DVSDUL >@ 7KH RSWLPL]DWLRQ UHVXOWV VXJJHVW WKDW WKH FUXLVH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH WULPPHG ZLQJKRUL]RQWDO WDLO FRQILJXUDWLRQLQWHUPVRIJOLGHUDWLRFRXOGEHLPSURYHGE\  ZKLOH WKH ORLWHU SHUIRUPDQFH LQ WHUPV RI HQGXUDQFH SDUDPHWHUFRXOGEHLPSURYHGE\7KHVHLPSURYHPHQWV DUHFRPSDUHGWRWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHLQLWLDOZLQJKRUL]RQWDO WDLO FRQILJXUDWLRQ XQGHU FHUWDLQ IOLJKW FRQGLWLRQV ,W LV LPSRUWDQW WR QRWH WKDW WKH UHVXOWV SUHVHQWHG PD\ EH RYHUHVWLPDWHGGXHWRWKHOLPLWDWLRQVRIWKHPHWKRGVXVHG7KH UHVXOWLQJRSWLPXPDHURG\QDPLFVKDSHVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH 7KH SUHOLPLQDU\ DQDO\VLV RI WKH /( ULE UHVXOWHG LQ GHIRUPHG JHRPHWU\ RI SURSRVHG /( GHVLJQ ZLWK WKH PHWDPDWHULDO VXUIDFH DQG NLQHPDWLF PHFKDQLVP 7KH VLPSOLILHG 7LPRVKHQNR EHDPEDVHG PRGHO ZDV VROYHG E\ XVLQJOLQHDUL]HGPDWULFHVDQGOLQHVHDUFKPHWKRG>@IRUWKH KRPRJHQL]HGPDWHULDOSDUDPHWHUV( 03Dȝ  FHOOVODWHUDOO\ZF PPWF PPZ PPDQG ORDGHGE\) 17KHLQLWLDODQGGHIRUPHGJHRPHWU\LV GHSLFWHGLQ)LJXUH ,9&21&/86,216 7KLV ZRUN DLPV WR HYDOXDWH WZR QHZ PHWDPDWHULDO DSSOLFDWLRQVIRUDPRUSKLQJZLQJDYDULDEOHVWLIIQHVVOHDGLQJ HGJHDQGDODWWLFHKLQJHDWWKHWUDLOLQJHGJH7KHVHDSSURDFKHV VKRZSRWHQWLDOIRUHQKDQFLQJERWKDHURG\QDPLFSHUIRUPDQFH DQG VWUXFWXUDO HIILFLHQF\ 'XH WR WKH FRPSOH[LW\ RI WKH PRUSKLQJZLQJGHVLJQZHSURSRVHDQ0'2WRRSWLPL]HWKH GHVLJQ7KLVDUWLFOHSUHVHQWVWKH0'2DUFKLWHFWXUHDORQJZLWK SUHOLPLQDU\VLQJOHGLVFLSOLQHUHVXOWV7KH0'2DUFKLWHFWXUH XWLOL]HV DGYDQFHG FRPSXWDWLRQDO WRROV VXFK DV $%$486 $HUR6DQG%R[ DQG 2SHQ0'$2 6SHFLILFDOO\ GHVLJQHG IRU WKH PRUSKLQJ ZLQJ XVLQJ PHWDPDWHULDOV WKH DUFKLWHFWXUH FRPELQHV'DHURVWUXFWXUDODQDO\VHVZLWK'DHURG\QDPLF RSWLPL]DWLRQDQGFRQWURODQDO\VLVRSWLPL]LQJDVLQJOHULEDW WKH'OHYHODQGDFWXDWRUVIRUWKHHQWLUHZLQJ$VDQH[WVWHS DIWHUWKH0'2FRQYHUJHQFHZHSODQWRH[SDQGWKHGHVLJQ YHFWRU WR LQFOXGH VSDQZLVH GHVLJQ SDUDPHWHUV DQG UXQ WKH 0'2DJDLQDLPLQJWRDFKLHYHDQRSWLPDOGHVLJQIRUWKHHQWLUH 8$9ZLQJ $&.12:/('*0(17 7KHIXQGLQJRIWKHSURMHFWV´%XLOGLQJ$FWLRQVLQ6PDUW $YLDWLRQZLWK(QYLURQPHQWDO*DLQV´E\WKH(XURSHDQ8QLRQ 3URJUDP +RUL]RQ (XURSH XQGHU JUDQW DJUHHPHQW QR  DQG WKH SURMHFW 1R )6,6 E\ 7KH 0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQ<RXWKDQG6SRUW0(<60â07LQ &]HFKLQVWLWXWLRQDOVXSSRUWDUHJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJHG 5()(5(1&(6 >@ &:DQJHWDO³&XVWRPL]HGGHIRUPDWLRQEHKDYLRURIPRUSKLQJ ZLQJ WKURXJK UHYHUVLEO\ DVVHPEOHG PXOWLVWDEOH PHWDPDWHULDOV´ 6PDUW 0DWHU6WUXFWYROQR$SUGRL;DGHD >@ '0%RVWRQ)53KLOOLSV7&+HQU\DQG$) $UULHWD ³6SDQZLVH :LQJ0RUSKLQJ8VLQJ0XOWLVWDEOH &HOOXODU 0HWDVWUXFWXUHV´  >2QOLQH@ $YDLODEOH KWWSVZZZHOVHYLHUFRPRSHQ DFFHVVXVHUOLFHQVH >@ =:DQJHWDO³'HVLJQRID'LVWULEXWHGO\$FWLYH0RUSKLQJ:LQJ %DVHGRQ'LJLWDO0HWDPDWHULDOV´$HURVSDFHYROQR'HFGRL DHURVSDFH >@ %-HQHWWHWDO³'LJLWDO0RUSKLQJ:LQJ$FWLYH:LQJ6KDSLQJ &RQFHSW8VLQJ&RPSRVLWH/DWWLFH%DVHG&HOOXODU6WUXFWXUHV´6RIW5RERW YROQRSS±0DUGRLVRUR >@ $ 'H *DVSDUL ³0XOWLREMHFWLYH RSWLPL]DWLRQ IRU WKH DHUR VWUXFWXUDOGHVLJQRIDGDSWLYHFRPSOLDQWZLQJGHYLFHV´$SSOLHG6FLHQFHV 6ZLW]HUODQGYROQRGRLDSS >@ - %DMHU) .VLFD 30DUFLDQ0 +UVWND- 1DYUDWLODQG = +DGDV³&RQFHSWRI$XWRQRPRXV6HOI6HQVLQJ0HWDPDWHULDO6WUXFWXUHVIRU )XWXUH$LUFUDIW´LQ,(((WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO:RUNVKRSRQ0HWURORJ\ IRU$HUR6SDFH0HWUR$HUR6SDFH3URFHHGLQJV,QVWLWXWHRI(OHFWULFDO DQG (OHFWURQLFV (QJLQHHUV ,QF  SS ± GRL 0HWUR$HUR6SDFH >@ $ $ =DGSRRU ³0HFKDQLFDO PHWDPDWHULDOV´ 6HS   5R\DO6RFLHW\RI&KHPLVWU\GRLFPKJ >@ ;5HQ5'DV37UDQ7'1JRDQG<0;LH³$X[HWLF PHWDPDWHULDOVDQGVWUXFWXUHV$UHYLHZ´-DQ,QVWLWXWHRI3K\VLFV 3XEOLVKLQJGRL;DDDF >@ + 0 $ .RONHQ DQG $ $ =DGSRRU ³$X[HWLF PHFKDQLFDO PHWDPDWHULDOV´  5R\DO 6RFLHW\ RI &KHPLVWU\ GRL FUDH >@ <1LDQ6:DQ0$YFDU5<XHDQG0/L³'SULQWLQJ IXQFWLRQDOO\ JUDGHG PHWDPDWHULDO VWUXFWXUH 'HVLJQ IDEULFDWLRQ UHLQIRUFHPHQWRSWLPL]DWLRQ´,QW-0HFK6FLYRO1RYGRL MLMPHFVFL  )LJXUH2SWLPDODHURG\QDPLFVKDSHRIWKHZLQJLQFUXLVH FRQGLWLRQEOXHDQGORLWHUFRQGLWLRQJUHHQ  )LJXUH ' HIRUPHGJHRPHWU\RIWKH)(07LPRVKHQNR EHDPPRGHO 240 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: Brno University of Technology. Downloaded on December 16,2025 at 15:00:18 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. >@ 0$UUHGRQGR6RWR(&XDQ8UTXL]RDQG$*yPH](VSLQRVD ³$ UHYLHZ RQ WDLORULQJ VWLIIQHVV LQ FRPSOLDQW V\VWHPV YLD UHPRYLQJ PDWHULDO&HOOXODUPDWHULDOVDQGWRSRORJ\RSWLPL]DWLRQ´$SU 0'3,$*GRLDSS >@ ' + &KHQ ³(TXLYDOHQW IOH[XUDO DQG WRUVLRQDO ULJLGLW\ RI KH[DJRQDOKRQH\FRPE´&RPSRV6WUXFWYROQRSS± GRLMFRPSVWUXFW >@ +*X$'6KDZ0$PRR]JDU-=KDQJ&:DQJDQG0, )ULVZHOO ³7ZLVW PRUSKLQJ RI D FRPSRVLWH URWRU EODGH XVLQJ D QRYHO PHWDPDWHULDO´&RPSRV6WUXFWYROQR-XO\SGRL MFRPSVWUXFW >@ : =KDQJ 5 1HYLOOH ' =KDQJ - <XDQ ) 6FDUSDDQG 5 /DNHV³%HQGLQJRINHUIFKLUDOIUDFWDOODWWLFHPHWDPDWHULDOV´&RPSRV 6WUXFW YRO  QR  S   GRL MFRPSVWUXFW >@ % 9 6DQNDU ³$Q HODVWLFLW\ VROXWLRQ IRU IXQFWLRQDOO\ JUDGHG EHDPV´&RPSRV6FL7HFKQROYROQRSS±GRL 6 >@ 5 7 +DIWND - 6RELHV]F]DQVNL6RELHVNL DQG 6 / 3DGXOD ³6WUXFWXUDO 2SWLPL]DWLRQ 2QRSWLRQVIRULQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQDO\VLV DQG GHVLJQRSWLPL]DWLRQ´ >@ -6RELHV]F]DQVNL6RELHVNLDQG57+DIWND³0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ DHURVSDFHGHVLJQVXUYH\RIUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVRSWLPL]DWLRQ´6SULQJHU 9HUODJ >@ -55$0DUWLQVDQG$%/DPEH³0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\GHVLJQ RSWLPL]DWLRQ$VXUYH\RIDUFKLWHFWXUHV´$,$$-RXUQDOYROQR SS±6HSGRL- >@ 6-XQ<+-HRQ-5KRDQG'+/HH³$SSOLFDWLRQRI FROODERUDWLYH RSWLPL]DWLRQ XVLQJ UHVSRQVH VXUIDFH PHWKRGRORJ\ WR DQ DLUFUDIW ZLQJ GHVLJQ´ LQ &ROOHFWLRQ RI 7HFKQLFDO 3DSHUV  WK $,$$,66020XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\$QDO\VLVDQG2SWLPL]DWLRQ&RQIHUHQFH SS±GRL >@ )$IRQVR-9DOH)/DXDQG$6XOHPDQ³3HUIRUPDQFHEDVHG PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\GHVLJQRSWLPL]DWLRQRIPRUSKLQJDLUFUDIW´$HURVS6FL 7HFKQROYROSS±$XJGRLMDVW >@ 3)$OEXTXHUTXH39*DPERDDQG0$6LOYHVWUH³0LVVLRQ EDVHG PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ DLUFUDIW GHVLJQ RSWLPL]DWLRQ PHWKRGRORJ\ WDLORUHG IRU DGDSWLYH WHFKQRORJLHV´ LQ-RXUQDO RI $LUFUDIW $PHULFDQ ,QVWLWXWHRI$HURQDXWLFVDQG$VWURQDXWLFV,QFSS±GRL & >@ 130:HUWHU-6RGMD*6SLUOHWDQG5'H%UHXNHU³'HVLJQ DQGH[SHULPHQWVRIDZDUSLQGXFHGFDPEHUDQGWZLVWPRUSKLQJOHDGLQJ DQG WUDLOLQJ HGJH GHYLFH´ LQ WK $,$$$+6 $GDSWLYH 6WUXFWXUHV &RQIHUHQFH $PHULFDQ ,QVWLWXWH RI $HURQDXWLFV DQG $VWURQDXWLFV ,QF $,$$GRL >@ 5'H%UHXNHUHWDO³2YHUYLHZRIWKH6PDUW;:LQJ7HFKQRORJ\ ,QWHJUDWRU´ $FWXDWRUV YRO  QR  2FW  GRL DFW >@ 0 'UHOD ³;)2,/ $Q DQDO\VLV DQG GHVLJQ V\VWHP IRU ORZ 5H\QROGV QXPEHU DLUIRLOV /RZ 5H\QROGV 1XPEHU $HURG\QDPLFV´ LQ 3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH&RQIHUHQFH1RWUH'DPH >@ 3 ' 6KDUSH DQG 5 - +DQVPDQ ³$(526$1'%2; $ 'LIIHUHQWLDEOH)UDPHZRUNIRU$LUFUDIW'HVLJQ2SWLPL]DWLRQ´ >@ 3 6KDUSH ³1HXUDO)RLO $Q DLUIRLO DHURG\QDPLFV DQDO\VLV WRRO XVLQJSK\VLFVLQIRUPHGPDFKLQHOHDUQLQJ´ >@ '/LHWDO³$UHYLHZRIPRGHOOLQJDQGDQDO\VLVRIPRUSKLQJ ZLQJV´3URJUHVVLQ$HURVSDFH6FLHQFHVYROQR6HSWHPEHUSS ±GRLMSDHURVFL >@ 0 6LQDSLXV + 3 0RQQHU 0 .LQWVFKHU DQG - 5LHPHQVFKQHLGHU³'/5¶VPRUSKLQJZLQJDFWLYLWLHVZLWKLQWKH(XURSHDQ QHWZRUN´ 3URFHGLD ,87$0 YRO  SS ±  GRL MSLXWDP >@ 0/LX;=KDQJDQG6)DWLNRZ³'HVLJQDQGDQDO\VLVRID PXOWLQRWFKHGIOH[XUHKLQJHIRUFRPSOLDQWPHFKDQLVPV´3UHFLV(QJYRO SS±$SUGRLMSUHFLVLRQHQJ >@ - =ZDU * (OEHU DQG 6 (OJHWL ³6KDSH 2SWLPL]DWLRQ IRU 7HPSHUDWXUH 5HJXODWLRQ LQ ([WUXVLRQ 'LHV 8VLQJ 0LFURVWUXFWXUHV´ -RXUQDO RI 0HFKDQLFDO 'HVLJQ YRO  QR  -DQ  GRL  >@ :)3KLOOLSV0HFKDQLFVRI)OLJKWQG(GLWLRQ:LOH\ >@ ³&HUWLILFDWLRQ 6SHFLILFDWLRQV IRU 9HU\ /LJKW $HURSODQHV &6 9/$´  $FFHVVHG $XJ   >2QOLQH@ $YDLODEOH KWWSVZZZHDVDHXURSDHXHQGRZQORDGVHQ >@ 23IHLIOHDQG:)LFKWHU³&RUUHFWLRQ(QHUJ\2SWLPDO&RQWURO $OORFDWLRQIRU,1',&RQWUROOHG7UDQVLWLRQ$LUFUDIW´LQ$,$$6FLWHFK )RUXPGRLF >@ ³%XLOGLQJ$FWLRQVLQ6PDUW$YLDWLRQZLWK(QYLURQPHQWDO*DLQV´ KWWSVEDDQJHX >@ $%/DPEHDQG-55$0DUWLQV³([WHQVLRQVWRWKHGHVLJQ VWUXFWXUHPDWUL[IRUWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\GHVLJQDQDO\VLV DQG RSWLPL]DWLRQ SURFHVVHV´ 6WUXFWXUDO DQG 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 2SWLPL]DWLRQYROQRSS±$XJGRLV \ >@ -6*UD\-7+ZDQJ-55$0DUWLQV.70RRUHDQG% $1D\ORU³2SHQ0'$2DQRSHQVRXUFHIUDPHZRUNIRUPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ GHVLJQ DQDO\VLV DQG RSWLPL]DWLRQ´ 6WUXFWXUDO DQG 0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\ 2SWLPL]DWLRQ YRO  QR  SS ± $SU  GRL V] >@ % 0 .XOIDQ ³8QLYHUVDO SDUDPHWULF JHRPHWU\ UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ PHWKRG´-RXUQDORIDLUFUDIWYROQRSS± >@ $ 'H *DVSDUL DQG 6 5LFFL ³$ WZROHYHO DSSURDFK IRU WKH RSWLPDOGHVLJQRIPRUSKLQJZLQJVEDVHGRQFRPSOLDQWVWUXFWXUHV´-,QWHOO 0DWHU 6\VW 6WUXFW YRO  QR  SS ± -XO  GRL ; >@ 2&=LHQNLHZLF]DQG5/7D\ORU)LQLWH(OHPHQW0HWKRGIRU 6ROLGVDQG6WUXFWXUDO0HFKDQLFVWKHG%XUOLQJWRQ(OVHYLHU%+    241 979-8-3315-2774-7/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE Authorized licensed use limited to: Brno University of Technology. Downloaded on December 16,2025 at 15:00:18 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.