भागलपुर जिले के ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में एकीकृत बाल विकास सेवा (ICDS) योजना का प्रभावः एक समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण

Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 56 Hkkxyiqj ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ,dh—r cky fodkl lsok ¼ICDS½ ;kstuk dk çHkko% ,d lekt'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k M.jhrk dqekjh -. . , . . . . ., Email: [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171109 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 11(A) Pp. 56-64 November. 2025 Submitted: 16 oct. 2025 Revised: 26 oct. 2025 Accepted: 10 Nov. 2025 Published: 30 Nov. 2025 lkjka'k ^Hkkxyiqj ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ,dh—r cky fodkl lsok ¼ ICDS ½ ;kstuk dk çHkko% ,d lekt'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k^ ds varxZr ICDS ;kstuk Hkkxyiqj ds lkekftd&vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+s xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cky iks"k.k] LokLF;] çkjafHkd f'k{kk vkSj efgyk l'kfädj.k esa ,d egRoiw.kZ lkekftd gLr{ksi ds :i esa mHkjdj lkeus vk;k gSA ;g dsoy ,d dY;k.kdkjh dk;ZØe ugha gS] cfYd xzkeh.k lkekftd lajpuk] ySafxd lacaèk vkSj lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk dks çHkkfor djus okyk ,d laLFkkxr <k¡pk gSA ICDS ;kstuk dk eq[; çHkko cPpksa ds iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; ij ns[kus dks feyrk gSA vk¡dM+ksa ¼ NFHS &5½ ds vuqlkj] cPpksa esa vuU; Lruiku ¼ Exclusive Breastfeeding ½ dh nj jkT; ds vkSlr ls csgrj gS] tks vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ç;klksa ls yk, x, lQy O;ogkj ifjorZu dk ladsr gSA ftys esa ukVkiu ¼ Stunting ½ vkSj ,uhfe;k dk mPp Lrj jkT; ds vkSlr ls dkQh [kjkc gSA nh?kZdkfyd iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; lsokvksa dh igq¡p esa vlekurk vkSj xq.koÙkk dh pqukSrh vHkh Hkh cuh gqbZ gSA ;kstuk dk xgjk lekt'kkL=h; çHkko efgykvksa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk ds :i esa xzkeh.k efgykvksa dks jkstxkj] lkekftd igpku vkSj lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro dk volj feyk gSA dsaæh; lkeqnkf;d usVodZ vkSj lkekftd iwath ds fuekZ.k dk ekè;e cu jgk gS] tks fir`lÙkkRed lajpuk ds varxZr efgykvksa ds fu.kZ;&çfØ;k esa Hkkxhnkjh vkSj vkRefo’okl dks c<+k jgk gSA dk;kZUo;u lalkèkuksa dh vi;kZIrrk] cqfu;knh <kaps dh deh] [kk|kUu vkiwfrZ esa vfu;ferrk] dk;ZdrkZvksa ds vi;kZIr osru vkSj çf'k{k.k dh deh tSlh pqukSfr;ksa ls f?kjk gqvk gSA lkekftd vlekurk,¡ ¼tkfrxr HksnHkko½ vkSj ç'kklfud ykijokgh Hkh ;kstuk ds iw.kZ ykHk dks detksj oxksZa rd igq¡pus ls jksdrh gSA ;kstuk xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj esa lkekftd ifjorZu dk ,d l'kä midj.k cudj mHkjk gS] ysfdu bldh çHkko'khyrk dks vkSj LFkk;h cukus ds fy, uhfrxr lqèkkj vko';d gSA blds fy, lalkèkuksa dks c<+kuk] ekuo lalkèku dks lq–<+ djuk] fMftVy fuxjkuh vkSj LFkkuh; lkekftd&lkaL—frd laosnu'khyrk ds lkFk lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk dks çksRlkfgr djuk çeq[k uhfrxr lq>ko gSA 'kCn dqath& vuU; Lruiku] ukVkiu] ,uhfe;k] lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro] dsaæh; lkeqnkf;d usVodZ] lkekftd iwath] fir`lÙkkRed lajpuk] [kk|kUu vkiwfrZ] vfu;ferrk] ç'kklfud ykijokgh] çHkko'khyrk] lkekftd&lkaL—frd laosnu'khyrk] lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrkA ifjp; ,dh—r cky fodkl lsok ¼ICDS½ ;kstuk] Hkkjr ljdkj dh lcls O;kid vkSj çHkko'kkyh lkekftd dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa esa ls ,d gS] ftldk eq[; mís'; f'k'kqvksa] xHkZorh ,oa Lruiku djkus okyh ekrkvksa rFkk Ng o"kZ rd ds cPpksa ds lexz iks"k.k ,oa fodkl dks lqfuf'pr djuk gSA ;kstuk dsoy LokLF; ,oa iks"k.k ij gh dsafær ugha gS] bldk O;kid mís'; xzkeh.k lekt esa cky dY;k.k vkSj efgyk l'kfädj.k dh lkekftd çfØ;k dks çksRlkfgr djuk gSA Hkkxyiqj ft+yk fcgkj jkT; dk lkekftd :i ls fofoèk vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls fiNM+k {ks= gS] tgk¡ cM+h la[;k esa xzkeh.k vkcknh xjhch] vf'k{kk vkSj dqiks"k.k tSlh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djrs gSaA Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: . , -. . , . . . . ., How to cite this article: , . . (2025).  (ICDS)  . Journal of Research and Development, 17(11), 56–64. Original Article Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 57 Þ{ks= ds varxZr lkekftd&vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksa ds eè; xgjh [kkbZ gS] fo'ks"k :i ls efgyk,¡ o cPps bu vlekurkvksa ls cM+s iSekus ij çHkkfor gSAÞ 1 bl çdkj dh i`"BHkwfe esa ICDS tSlh ;kstuk xzkeh.k thou ds lkekftd <kaps dks le>us vkSj bldk lekt'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ midj.k ds :i esa mHkjk gSA lekt'kkL=h; –f"V ls ;kstuk dks dsoy ,d dY;k.kdkjh dk;ZØe ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tk ldrk gS] ;g xzkeh.k lajpuk] ySafxd lacaèk] ifjokj vkSj leqnk; dh lgHkkfxrk rFkk jkT; vkSj lekt ds chp lacaèk dks Hkh ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA ÞvkaxuokM+h dsaæ dsoy cPpksa ds iks"k.k vkSj f'k{kk dk LFky ugha gS] ;g xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds fy, jkstxkj] lkeqnkf;d usVofdZax vkSj lkekftd ekU;rk dk Hkh ekè;e gSAÞ 2 bl çdkj] ;kstuk xzkeh.k lekt esa lkekftd iwath vkSj lkewfgdrk ds fuekZ.k dk vkèkkj cukrk gSA Hkkxyiqj ft+ys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u dbZ Lrjksa ij lkekftd ifjorZu dk ladsr nsrk gSA ,d vksj ;g ;kstuk dqiks"k.k] cky e`R;q nj vkSj f'k{kk dh deh tSlh leL;kvksa ls yM+us dk ç;kl djrk gS] rks nwljh vksj efgykvksa dh lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh] vkRefuHkZjrk vkSj tkx:drk esa Hkh ;ksxnku nsrk gSA Þblds lkFk&lkFk dbZ pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh ekStwn gS] tSls&vi;kZIr lalkèku] lajpukRed deh vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij ç'kklfud ykijokghAÞ 3 vè;;u dk mís'; Hkkxyiqj ft+ys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ICDS ;kstuk ds çHkko dk lekt'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k djuk gSA blds lkFk gh ;g Hkh vè;;u fd;k tk,xk, fdl çdkj ;g ;kstuk dsoy cPpksa ds iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; lqèkkj rd lhfer ugha gS] ;g lkekftd lajpuk] ySafxd Hkwfedkvksa vkSj leqnk; dh lgHkkfxrk dks Hkh çHkkfor djrk gSA fo'ys"k.k ds }kjk bl fcUnq ij è;ku dsafær fd;k tk,xk fd ICDS xzkeh.k fodkl ds O;kid foe'kZ esa fdl gn rd ,d l'kä gLr{ksi gS vkSj blds lkekftd çHkko fdrus LFkk;h vkSj xgjs gSaA ICDS ;kstuk – ,d lekt'kkL=h; ifjçs{; ;kstuk dk mn~Hko dsoy LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k lqèkkj dh ljdkjh j.kuhfr ds :i esa ugha gqvk gS] ;g ,d O;kid lkekftd gLr{ksi gS] ftlus xzkeh.k lekt dh lajpuk] ySafxd lacaèk vkSj leqnk; dh lgHkkfxrk ij xgjk çHkko Mkyk gSA lekt'kkL=h; –f"Vdks.k ls] Þ;kstuk dks dsoy ^iks"k.k dk;ZØe* ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrk gS] bls ,d ,slk laLFkkxr <k¡pk ekuk tkuk tkrk gS] tks xzkeh.k lkekftd thou dks iquxZfBr djrk gSAÞ 4 ;kstuk dk lcls egRoiw.kZ igyw ;g gS, ;g xzkeh.k lekt esa cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa dh fLFkfr dks çdk'k esa ykrk gSA Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa] tgk¡ yacs le; rd cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa ds LokLF; o f'k{kk dks mis{kk dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] ogha ;g ;kstuk xzkeh.k lkeqnkf;d lewg dks fodkl çfØ;k dk dsaæ cuk;k gSA ÞvkaxuokM+h dsaæ u dsoy iks"k.k forj.k vkSj LokLF; ijke'kZ dk LFky gS] cfYd ;g xzkeh.k lekt esa jkT; vkSj ukxfjdksa ds chp laokn dk ,d ekè;e Hkh gSAÞ 5 lekt'kkL=h; –f"V ls ICDS ;kstuk dks çdk;Zoknh ¼Functionalist½ vkSj la?k"kZoknh ¼Conflict½ nksuksa ifjçs{;ksa ls le>k tk ldrk gSA çdk;Zoknh –f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj] ;kstuk xzkeh.k lekt dh fLFkjrk cuk, j[kus dk ç;kl djrh gSA ÞcPpksa vkSj ekrkvksa dh LokLF; vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djds ;g lekt ds nh?kZdkfyd iqu#Riknu ¼Social Reproduction½ dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSAÞ 6 nwljh vksj] la?k"kZoknh –f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj] ;kstuk jkT; }kjk xzkeh.k vlekurkvksa dks çcafèkr djus vkSj oxZ&vkèkkfjr fo"kerkvksa dks fu;af=r djus dk midj.k gSA Þ;kstuk dh lhek lalkèkuksa dh deh vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dh leL;k,¡ bl ckr dh vkSj ladsr djrk gS, gkf'k, ij ekStwn lewgksa dks vc Hkh ;kstukxr ykHk ls iw.kZ :i ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gSAÞ 7 blds vfrfjä] ySafxd –f"Vdks.k ls ;kstuk dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk xzkeh.k efgykvksa dks vkSipkfjd Je {ks= ls tksM+rk gSA ;g u dsoy jkstxkj çnku djrk gS] lkeqnkf;d Lrj ij mudh igpku vkSj çfr"Bk Hkh c<+krk gSA bl çdkj] ÞICDS xzkeh.k lekt esa ySafxd Hkwfedk ds iquxZBu ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSAß 8 ;kstuk dks xzkeh.k lkekftd iwath ¼Social Capital½ ds fuekZ.k dh çfØ;k ls Hkh tksM+k tk ldrk gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæ ,d lkeqnkf;d LFky ds :i esa dke djrk gS] tgk¡ efgyk,¡] cPps vkSj ifjokj ,d lkFk vkrs gSaA ;g vkilh fo’okl] lg;ksx vkSj lkekftd usVodZ dks etcwr djus dk volj çnku djrk gSA bl çdkj ;kstuk Þxzkeh.k lekt esa lgHkkfxrkewyd yksdra= vkSj lkewfgdrk dh Hkkouk dks Hkh fodflr djrk gSAÞ 9 vr% lekt'kkL=h; ifjçs{; ls ;kstuk dsoy lsok forj.k dk ljdkjh ;kstuk ugha gS] ;g xzkeh.k lekt dh xfr'khyrk] 'kfä lajpuk vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu dh çfØ;k dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA 1     (NSSO). (2020).        : NSS 76   (2018–19).  :     ,   2 , .,  , . (2018). ICDS         :     .  :    3 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 4 , .,  , . (2013).   :     . :    5 , .,  , . (2018). ICDS         :     .  :    6 , . (1951).    . , :   7 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 8 , . (2001).       .    :    (. 69–88). :   9 , . (2000).   :       .  :    Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 58 lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifj–';% xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj Hkkxyiqj ft+yk fcgkj ds nf{k.k&iwoÊ fgLls esa fLFkr gS vkSj ;g xaxk unh ds fdukjs clk ,d ,sfrgkfld o lkekftd :i ls fofoèk {ks= gSA ft+yk viuh lkaL—frd fojklr vkSj js'keh oL= m|ksx ds fy, tkuk tkrk gS] ysfdu xzkeh.k {ks= lkekftd&vkfFkZd –f"V ls ;g vHkh Hkh xaHkhj pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA tux.kuk 2011 ds vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj] Þft+ys dh yxHkx 75 çfr'kr vkcknh xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gS vkSj —f"k ;gk¡ dk çeq[k vkthfodk lzksr gSAÞ 10 xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj dh lkekftd lajpuk tkfr&vkèkkfjr inkuqØe vkSj oxÊ; foHkktu ls xgjkbZ ls çHkkfor gSA mPp tkfr ds ikl Hkwfe vkSj vkfFkZd lalkèkuksa dk fu;a=.k gS] tcfd nfyrksa vkSj fiNM+h tkfr;ksa dh cM+h vkcknh Hkwfeghu Jfedksa vkSj NksVs fdlkuksa ds :i esa thou&;kiu djrh gSA Þ;g lkekftd vlekurk f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k rd igq¡p esa Hkh – f"Vxkspj gksrk gSAÞ 11 efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa dh fLFkfr fo'ks"k :i ls detksj gSA dqiks"k.k] ekr` e`R;q nj vkSj f'k'kq e`R;q nj jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls vfèkd ikbZ tkrh gSA vkfFkZd –f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj] xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj esa jkstxkj dk Lo:i eq[;r% vlaxfBr vkSj ekSleh gSA cM+h la[;k esa yksx çoklh et+nwjh fo'ks"kdj fnYyh] iatkc vkSj egkjk"Vª tSls jkT;ksa ij fuHkZj gSa —f"k ij fuHkZjrk vkSj lhfer vkS|ksfxd volj us xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dks vfLFkj cuk fn;k gSA Þifj.kkeLo:i ifjokj dh vk; esa vlekurk iSnk gks xbZ gS vkSj vfèkdka'k xzkeh.k ifjokj xjhch js[kk ds vklikl thou;kiu dj jgs gSaAÞ 12 f'k{kk dk Lrj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vc Hkh larks"ktud ugha gSA çkFkfed f'k{kk rd igq¡p c<+h gS] ysfdu ekè;fed vkSj mPp f'k{kk dh fLFkfr detksj gSA fo|ky;ksa esa vèkkslajpuk dh deh] f'k{kdksa dh vuqifLFkfr vkSj cky Je tSlh leL;k,¡ f'k{kk ds volj dks lhfer djrh gSA Þefgyk lk{kjrk nj iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa dkQh de gS] tks ySafxd vlekurk dks vkSj vfèkd etcwr djrh gSAÞ 13 LokLF; lsokvksa dh fLFkfr xaHkhj pqukSfr;ksa ls Hkjh gqbZ gSA çkFkfed LokLF; dsaæ vkSj mi&LokLF; dsaæ dh la[;k i;kZIr ugha gS vkSj tks miyCèk gS muesa Hkh lalkèkuksa vkSj çf'kf{kr dfeZ;ksa dh deh gSA ;g fLFkfr ICDS tSlh ;kstukvksa ds egRo dks vkSj c<+k nsrh gS] D;ksafd ;g ;kstuk iks"k.k vkSj çkFkfed LokLF; lsokvksa ds varj dks Hkjus esa ;ksxnku ns jgh gSA lekt'kkL=h; –f"V ls xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj esa lkeqnkf;d usVodZ vkSj ikfjokfjd lacaèk etcwr gS] ysfdu fir`lÙkkRed lajpuk,¡ vc Hkh çHkkoh gSA Þefgykvksa dh fu.kZ;&çfØ;k esa Hkkxhnkjh lhfer gS] gkyk¡fd vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa vkSj Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds ekè;e ls blesa èkhjs&èkhjs ifjorZu gks jgk gSAÞ 14 vr% ;g Li"V gS xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj dk lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifj–'; xgjs vlekurk lalkèkuksa dh deh vkSj fodkl dh pqukSfr;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk gSA blh lanHkZ esa ICDS ;kstuk ds çHkko dks le>uk vfèkd çklafxd gS] D;ksafd ;g ;kstuk cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa tSls lcls detksj oxksZa dks yf{kr djds xzkeh.k lekt esa larqyu vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu ykus dk ç;kl djrk gSA Hkkxyiqj esa ICDS dk dk;kZUo;u% laLFkkxr ra= ds :i esa ICDS ;kstuk dk çHkko bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS, bldk dk;kZUo;u LFkkuh; Lrj ij fdl çdkj ls gks jgk gSA Hkkxyiqj ft+ys ds vkaxuokM+h dsaæ bl ;kstuk dh vkèkkjHkwr bdkbZ gS] tks cPpksa] xHkZorh vkSj Lruiku djkus okyh ekrkvksa ds fy, iks"k.k] LokLF; vkSj çh&Ldwy f'k{kk tSlh lsok,¡ çnku djrk gSA Þdsaæ u dsoy ljdkjh uhfr;ksa dks tehuh Lrj ij ykxw djrk gS] xzkeh.k leqnk; vkSj jkT; ds chp ,d lsrq dk dk;Z Hkh djrk gSAÞ 15 laLFkkxr <k¡ps dh –f"V ls çR;sd vkaxuokM+h dsaæ esa ,d vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj ,d lgkf;dk fu;qä dh tkrh gSA dk;ZdrkZ dk nkf;Ro gS, og cPpksa dks iks"k.k vkgkj miyCèk djk,] LokLF; lsokvksa ls tksM+us esa enn djs vkSj çkjafHkd f'k{kk xfrfofèk;ksa dk lapkyu djsA lgkf;dk bl çfØ;k esa lg;ksx nsrh gS vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij lkeqnkf;d lacaèk dks lq–<+ djrh gSA blds vfrfjä] ÞvkaxuokM+h dsaæ çkFkfed LokLF; dsaæksa] vk'kk dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds lkFk leUo; LFkkfir dj dke djrh gSAÞ 16 Hkkxyiqj ft+ys esa ICDS ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u ç'kklfud Lrj ij ftykfèkdkjh] cky fodkl ifj;kstuk vfèkdkjh ¼CDPO½ vkSj i;Zos{kdksa ds ekè;e ls lapkfyr gksrk gSA CDPO ;kstuk dh fuxjkuh vkSj i;Zos{k.k dk nkf;Ro fuHkkrs gSa] tcfd i;Zos{kd vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa dk fu;fer fujh{k.k djrs gSaA blds ckotwn] ÞdbZ ckj lalkèkuksa dh deh] LVkQ dh vuqiyCèkrk vkSj foÙkh; foyac ds dkj.k ;kstukxr mís';ksa dh çkfIr çHkkfor gksrh gSAÞ 17 NFHS-5 ¼2019&21½ ds vkèkkj ij Hkkxyiqj ftys vkSj fcgkj jkT; ls tqM+s çeq[k iks"k.k ,oa LokLF; ladsrdksa dh lkj.kh vkSj blds fo'ys"k.k çLrqr fd;k x;k gS] tks ;kstuk ds çHkko dks n'kkZrk gS%& 10   . (2011).    :  .  :   11 , . (2019).     ,     :    .      , 19(2), 101–120 12     (NSSO). (2020).        : NSS 76   (2018–19).  :     ,   13   . (2022).    :  2022. :    ,   14 , . (2020).  ,     :     . :   15  . (2021).     (ICDS)   2020–21. :   ,   16 , .,  , . (2018). ICDS         :     .  :    17 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 59 1cPpksa ds iks"k.k lacaèkh ifj.kke ¼;kstuk dk eq[; çHkko½ ;kstuk dk ,d eq[; mís'; 0&5 o"kZ ds cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k dks de djuk gSA fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa Hkkxyiqj cPpksa ds iks"k.k Lrj dks fcgkj jkT; ds vkSlr ls fd;k x;k gS ¼NFHS-5 MsVk ij vkèkkfjr½% lkj.kh 1% cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k dh fLFkfr ¼5 o"kZ ls de vk;q½    (NFHS-5, 󰭈 )  󰫵 (NFHS-5, 󰭈 ) 󰲄  (Stunting) 47 󰭈 42.9 󰭈  󰰗   󰬎 󰫵    󰲒  ,  󰫦  󰲑 ICDS  󰬁  󰫦󰬴󰰣  󰱍󰰣  󰫦  󰰗     󰭈     󰲒 󰬌   (Wasting) 23 󰭈 22.9 󰭈  󰫵      ,  󰫦󰱺     󰫦    (Underweight) 41 󰭈 41.0 󰭈    󰬎 󰫵        ICDS   󰲑     󰲒   󰰌󰫦 󰲗 󰲒 󰬌  󰭈    (Anemia) 79 󰭈 69.4 󰭈  󰰗  ( 󰲒 )  󰬎 󰫵   (69.4 󰭈 )  󰲒  ,  󰱍󰰣 󰰗   󰬎󰬎󰫾 󰰱 󰲒 󰰀  󰰌       2ICDS dh çeq[k lsok,¡ ,oa bldk dk;kZUo;u ;kstuk dh lsokvksa esa iwjd vkgkj ds lkFk&lkFk xHkZorh efgykvksa dks LokLF;] iks"k.k ,oa f'k{kk çnku djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA bl çdkj ds ladsrd ICDS ds dk;kZUo;u ds Lrj dks n'kkZrk gSA lkj.kh 2% ICDS ls lacafèkr ekr` ,oa f'k'kq LokLF; lsok,¡    (NFHS-5, 󰭈 )  󰫵 (NFHS-5, 󰭈 ) 󰲄 󰬎 󰭈 (Institutional Births) 69.4 󰭈 76.8 󰭈 󰬎 󰭈  󰬎 󰫵     ,     󰲑 󰬶 󰫤󰭃󰰣 󰰗 󰰱   󰬎󰬎󰫾 󰰱    󰰎     󰬎 󰲒 󰬷 󰰈 28.0 󰭈 43.4 󰭈 󰭈      󰬎 󰰉  󰲒   󰰗 󰫵    󰰀   Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 60 (Early Initiation of Breastfeeding)  ICDS     󰬎󰬎󰫾 󰫤   󰭈     󰬁 󰬎 (Exclusive Breastfeeding, 6  ) 62.0 󰭈 58.9 󰭈  󰫽󰫦     󰭈󰫦 󰫵      󰫦󰬎   100+ 󰲑 IFA   28.0 󰭈 26.7 󰭈 󰫦 󰰱 󰱨 - 󰰣 (IFA)  󰫦󰱺  󰫵      ,  ICDS/󰬎󰬎󰫾 󰫦󰫦󰰱  󰭈  󰫦  mi;Zqä vk¡dM+ksa ds vkèkkj ij Hkkxyiqj ftys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ICDS ;kstuk ds çHkko dk lekt'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k fuEufyf[kr gS% 1igq¡p esa vlekurk ,oa xq.koÙkk dh pqukSrh%& Hkkxyiqj ds cPpksa esa iks"k.k ds çeq[k ladsrd ukVkiu ,oa [kwu dh deh ¼Stunting/Anemia½ jkT; ds vkSlr ls [kjkc gSA ;g n'kkZrk gS, ICDS lsok dh igq¡p ¼Access½ ;k xq.koÙkk ¼Quality½ esa deh gS] fo'ks"kdj lcls xjhc vkSj lcls fiNM+s xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa esa] tgk¡ nh?kZdkfyd dqiks"k.k ¼Stunting½ vkSj ,uhfe;k ,d xaHkhj leL;k cuh gqbZ gSA 2O;ogkj ifjorZu dh èkheh xfr%& ICDS dk mís'; O;ogkj ifjorZu ykuk gS] tSls Lruiku dh 'kh?kz 'kq#vkrA Hkkxyiqj esa bldh nj cgqr de gksuk lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd çFkkvksa ¼Social and Cultural Practices½ ij çHkkoh <ax ls gLr{ksi u dj ikus dks n'kkZrk gSA ;kstuk dk;ZdrkZvksa dks LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k f'k{kk çnku djus esa vkSj vfèkd lkekftd&lkaL—frd laosnu'khyrk dh vko';drk gSA 3ldkjkRed ladsr%& Ng ekg rd ds cPpksa esa vuU; Lruiku dh nj jkT; ds vkSlr ls csgrj gksuk ,d ldkjkRed ladsr gSA ;kstuk dk;ZdrkZvksa ¼vkaxuokM+h lsfodk½ ds ç;klksa ls leqnk;&Lrj ij ,d lQy O;ogkj ifjorZu dh laHkkouk dks bafxr djrk gS] ftl ij vkxs è;ku dsafær fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u esa lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gSA xzke Lrj ij ekrk&firk vkSj leqnk; ds vU; lnL; vkaxuokM+h xfrfofèk tSls& iks"k.k fnol] LokLF; f'kfoj vkSj f'k{kk lacaèkh dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey gksrs gSaA Þbl lgHkkfxrk ls u dsoy ;kstuk dh Lohdk;Zrk c<+rh gS] ;g LFkkuh; lkekftd iwath dks Hkh etcwr djrk gSAÞ 18 Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ds laLFkkxr ra= dks dbZ pqukSfr;ksa tSls vkaxuokM+h dsaæks dk vi;kZIr cqfu;knh <k¡pk] Hkou vkSj midj.kksa dh deh] le; ij [kk|kUu dh vkiwfrZ esa #dkoV vkSj çf'k{k.k dh vi;kZIrrk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA blds vfrfjä ÞdqN {ks=ksa esa lkekftd&vkfFkZd vlekurk,¡ vkSj tkfrxr iwokZxzg ;kstuk dh igq¡p dks lhfer djrk gS] ftlls detksj oxksZa dks iw.kZ ykHk ugha fey ikrk gSAÞ 19 18 , . (2001).       .    :    (. 69–88). :   19 , . (2019).     ,     :    .      , 19(2), 101–120 Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 61 blds ckotwn ICDS us Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k bykdksa esa dbZ ldkjkRed cnyko ykus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k gSA iks"k.k vkgkj dh fu;fer miyCèkrk] LokLF; lsokvksa ds çfr tkx:drk vkSj efgykvksa dh lkekftd Hkwfedk esa lqèkkj blds çeq[k ifj.kke gSaA bl çdkj] laLFkkxr ra= dh etcwrh vkSj bldh lkekftd Loh—fr] ;kstuk dh lQyrk ds vfuok;Z rRo gSaA la{ksi esa] Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ICDS ;kstuk us dqN gn rd ldkjkRed çHkko fn[kk;k gS ¼tSls vuU; Lruiku½] ysfdu dqiks"k.k vkSj ,uhfe;k mPp Lrj n'kkZrk gS, ;kstuk ds xgu lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd çHkko ¼Deep Sociological and Economic Impact½ dks çkIr djus ds fy, lsok forj.k vkSj xq.koÙkk dks etcwr djus dh vko';drk gSA cky iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; ij çHkko ;kstuk dk lcls egRoiw.kZ mís'; f'k'kqvksa vkSj cPpksa ds iks"k.k Lrj esa lqèkkj vkSj mUgsa LokLF; lsokvksa ls tksM+uk gSA Hkkxyiqj ft+ys ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ;kstuk dqiks"k.k vkSj cky e`R;q nj tSlh xaHkhj leL;kvksa dks de djus dh fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne mBk jgk gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæ ds ekè;e ls cPpksa dks iwjd vkgkj] fu;fer LokLF; ijh{k.k] Vhdkdj.k vkSj fodkl fuxjkuh tSlh lsok,¡ miyCèk djkbZ tkrh gSAÞ 20 xzkeh.k Hkkxyiqj esa fd, x, vè;;u ds vuqlkj] ICDS ;kstuk cky iks"k.k dh fLFkfr esa dqN lqèkkj vo'; gqvk gSA igys tgk¡ vfèkdka'k ifjokj cPpksa dks dsoy ikjaifjd vkgkj rd lhfer j[krs Fks] ogha vc iwjd iks"k.k vkgkj tSls&nfy;k] f[kpM+h vkSj vaMs miyCèk djk, tk jgs gSaA bl çdkj ds [kk| inkFkksZa ds dkj.k] cPpksa ds iks"k.k Lrj esa ldkjkRed cnyko vk;k gSA blds vykos] ÞxHkZorh vkSj Lruiku djkus okyh ekrkvksa dks Hkh vk;ju dh xksfy;k¡] Vhdkdj.k vkSj LokLF; ijke'kZ fn;k tkrk gS] ftlls f'k'kqvksa ds LokLF; ij vçR;{k :i ls ykHk gksrk gSAÞ 21 Vhdkdj.k dojst esa Hkh ICDS ;kstuk dh Hkwfedk mYys[kuh; gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæ fu;fer :i ls ^LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k fnol* vk;ksftr djrk gS] tgk¡ cPpksa dks Vhdkdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk ekrkvksa dks LokLF; lacaèkh tkudkjh Hkh çnku dh tkrh gSA Þblls cky e`R;q nj esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS vkSj dbZ laØked jksxksa ds jksdFkke esa lQyrk çkIr gqbZ gSAÞ 22 ;kstuk ds çHkko esa vlekurk,¡ ikbZ xbZ gSA ftl xk¡o esa vkaxuokM+h dsaæ lfØ; gSA ogk¡ i;kZIr lalkèku miyCèk gS ogk¡ cPpksa ds iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; fLFkfr esa Li"V lqèkkj ns[kk x;k gS] tcfd ftu {ks=ksa esa dsaæ dk <k¡pk detksj gS ;k LVkQ dh vuqifLFkfr jgrh gS] ogk¡ visf{kr lqèkkj ugha gqvk gSA ÞdbZ ckj [kk|kUu dh vkiwfrZ esa nsjh vkSj xq.koÙkkghu Hkkstu] ;kstuk ds mís';ksa dks çHkkfor djrk gSAÞ 23 lkekftd –f"V ls ;kstuk ekrkvksa vkSj ifjokjksa esa LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k ds çfr tkx:drk c<+kus dk dk;Z fd;k gSA igys tgk¡ cPpksa ds chekfj;ksa dks vaèkfo’okl ;k ?kjsyw mipkjksa ls tksM+k tkrk Fkk] ogha vc ekrk,¡ Vhdkdj.k] fpfdRldh; tk¡p vkSj larqfyr vkgkj dks egRo ns jgh gSA Þbl çdkj ds ifjorZu ls u dsoy cPpksa ds LokLF; ds fy, ldkjkRed fn'kk çnku djrk gS] cfYd xzkeh.k lekt esa vkèkqfud LokLF; psruk ds çlkj dk Hkh ladsr nsrk gSAÞ 24 bl çdkj ;kstuk Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cky iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; dh fLFkfr dks lqèkkjus esa egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA bl fn'kk esa vHkh Hkh dbZ pqukSrh gS] ftls nwj djuk vko';d gS rkfd lHkh cPpksa dks leku :i ls bl ;kstuk dk ykHk çkIr gksA efgyk l'kfädj.k vkSj lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh ij çHkko ;kstuk dsoy cPpksa ds iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; rd lhfer ugha gS( bldk çHkko xzkeh.k efgykvksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr vkSj l'kfädj.k ij Hkh Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa esa fu;qä efgykvksa dks jkstxkj ds volj feyus ls mudh vkRefuHkZjrk c<+h gS vkSj mUgsa lkekftd igpku feyh gSA Þblls xzkeh.k efgykvksa dk ikfjokfjd fu.kZ; çfØ;k esa Hkkx ysuk vkSj leqnk; esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkuk laHko gqvk gSAÞ 25 Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ;kstuk ds ekè;e ls efgykvksa us dbZ lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd xfrfofèk esa Hkkxhnkjh dh gSA vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk u dsoy cPpksa dks iks"k.k vkSj çkjafHkd f'k{kk çnku djrh gS] os ekrk&firk dks LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k lacaèkh tkx:drk dk lans'k Hkh nsrh gSA Þ;g dk;Z efgykvksa ds fy, usr`Ro] lapkj vkSj laxBukRed dkS'ky fodflr djus dk volj çnku djrk gSAÞ 26 blds vfrfjä] vkaxuokM+h dsaæ LFkkuh; lkeqnkf;d usVodZ dk Hkh dsaæ gSA efgyk,¡ bu dsaæksa ij fu;fer :i ls feyrh gS] vkilh vuqHko lk>k djrh gS vkSj lkewfgd leL;kvksa ij ppkZ djrh gSA blls Þefgykvksa esa lkewfgd dkjZokbZ dh Hkkouk vkSj lkekftd iwath ¼Social Capital½ dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS] tks xzkeh.k lekt esa ikjaifjd fir`lÙkkRed lajpuk ds Hkhrj efgykvksa dh lgHkkfxrk dks c<+kok nsrk gSAÞ 27 20     ( NFHS-5). (2019–2021).     (NFHS-5), 2019–21:     . :     (IIPS)   ,      21 , . (2020).  ,     :     . :   22 , . (2019).     ,     :    .      , 19(2), 101–120 23 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 24 , .,  , . (2013).   :     . :    25 , . (2001).       .    :    (. 69–88). :   26 , . (2017).        .     , 52(23), 85–89 27 , . (2000).   :       .  :    Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 62 efgyk l'kfädj.k dh çfØ;k pqukSfr;ksa ls eqä ugha gSA dbZ xzkeh.k ifjokjksa esa efgyk,¡ ?kjsyw ftEesnkfj;ksa vkSj ikjaifjd lkekftd ekunaMksa ds dkj.k vkaxuokM+h dsaæ vkSj lkeqnkf;d xfrfofèk;ksa esa lhfer :i ls gh Hkkx ys ikrh gSA blds vykos] Þdk;ZdrkZvksa dk lhfer çf'k{k.k vkSj vi;kZIr osru ,oa mudh dk;Z{kerk vkSj lkekftd ekU;rk dks çHkkfor djrk gSAÞ 28 ;kstuk efgykvksa ds thou esa ,d ubZ igpku vkSj lkewfgd 'kfä dk ekxZ ç'kLr fd;k gSA ;kstuk dsoy vkfFkZd l'kfädj.k rd lhfer ugha gS] ;g efgykvksa dh lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh] fu.kZ;&fuekZ.k {kerk vkSj lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro dh laHkkoukvksa esa o`f) djrk gSA ;kstuk Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds l'kfädj.k vkSj lkekftd lgHkkfxrk esa ldkjkRed cnyko ykus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA blds çHkko ls efgykvksa dk vkRefo’okl ldkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor gqvk gS] mudk lkekftd –f"Vdks.k fodflr gqvk gS vkSj os vius ifjokj rFkk leqnk; esa vfèkd lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSA pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj dk;kZUo;u ds ekxZ esa vkus okyh ckèkk;sa Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u dbZ ldkjkRed ifj.kkeksa ds ckotwn] vusd pqukSfr;ksa vkSj lhekvksa dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA bl çdkj dh lhek,¡ u dsoy ;kstuk dh çHkko'khyrk dks de djrk gS] cfYd detksj rd blds ykHk igq¡pkus dh {kerk dks Hkh lhfer djrk gSA lcls çeq[k pqukSrh lalkèkuksa dh vi;kZIrrk gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa esa çk;% Hkou vkSj midj.kksa dh deh gksrh gSA ÞdbZ dsaæksa esa cPpksa ds cSBus vkSj Hkkstu djkus ds fy, mfpr LFkku miyCèk ugha gksrs gSa] ftlls lsok forj.k çHkkfor gksrk gSAÞ 29 blds lkFk gh] [kk|kUu vkSj iks"k.k vkgkj dh vkiwfrZ esa vfu;ferrk Hkh ,d xaHkhj leL;k gSA ÞdHkh&dHkh Hkkstu dh xq.koÙkk Hkh larks"ktud ugha gS] ftlls cPpksa ds iks"k.k Lrj ij çfrdwy çHkko iM+rk gSAÞ 30 ekuo lalkèku dh deh vkSj vi;kZIr çf'k{k.k Hkh ,d cM+h ckèkk gSA vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa dks fu;fer çf'k{k.k ugha feyrk gS] ftlls cPpksa ds fodkl] LokLF; vkSj çkjafHkd f'k{kk lacaèkh xfrfofèk çHkkoh :i ls lapkfyr ugha gks ikrh gSA blds vfrfjä] ÞdfeZ;ksa dk osru vkSj ekU;rk vi;kZIr gksus ds dkj.k dk;Z{kerk vkSj eukscy çHkkfor gksrk gSAÞ 31 lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd ckèkk,¡ Hkh dk;kZUo;u esa #dkoV Mkyrh gSA xzkeh.k lekt esa tkfr&vkèkkfjr HksnHkko vkSj ySafxd vlekurk,¡ dbZ ckj cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa rd lsokvksa dh igq¡p dks lhfer djrk gSA ÞdqN leqnk; esa efgykvksa dh Lora= Hkkxhnkjh vkSj cPpksa ds iks"k.k ij è;ku nsus dh laL—fr dkQh lhfer gS] ftlls ;kstuk dh çHkko'khyrk ?kVrh gSAÞ 32 Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj fuxjkuh dh deh Hkh dk;kZUo;u dh pqukSfr;ksa esa 'kkfey gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa dh fu;fer fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu esa deh gksus ds dkj.k lalkèkuksa dk lgh mi;ksx ugha gks ikrk gSA ;kstuk dh ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh lqfuf'pr djuk vHkh Hkh ,d cM+h vko';drk gSA bu pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn] ;kstuk Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa ds thou esa egRoiw.kZ ldkjkRed cnyko yk;k gSA ;kstuk dh iw.kZ lQyrk ds fy, laLFkkxr lqèkkj] lalkèkuksa dh i;kZIr miyCèkrk] çf'k{k.k vkSj fuxjkuh ds csgrj ra= vkSj lkekftd vlekurk dks nwj djus ds ç;kl vko';d gSA vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ICDS ;kstuk dk dk;kZUo;u cgqvk;keh pqukSfr;ksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS vkSj bldh çHkko'khyrk LFkkuh; lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj ç'kklfud lanHkksZa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA lqèkkj ds mik; dsoy ç'kklfud vkSj foÙkh; lalkèkuksa rd lhfer ugha gksus pkfg,] LFkkuh; lkekftd lajpuk vkSj lkaL—frd lanHkksZa dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kuk vko';d gSA rqyukRed lekt'kkL=h; –f"Vdks.k ;kstuk ds çHkko dk fo'ys"k.k dsoy Hkkxyiqj rd lhfer ugha gSA vU; jkT;ksa vkSj {ks=ksa ds rqyukRed vè;;u ls ;g le>us esa enn feyrh gS,fofHkUu lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj ç'kklfud lanHkZ ;kstuk dh lQyrk dks fdl çdkj çHkkfor djrk gSAfo'ks"k :i ls dsjy] rfeyukMq vkSj eè; çns'k tSls jkT;ksa esa ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ds vuqHko us Li"V fd;k gS, Þ;kstukxr lQyrk esa dsoy lalkèkuksa dh miyCèkrk gh ugha] leqnk; dh lgHkkfxrk] 'kklu dh ikjnf'kZrk vkSj efgykvksa ds l'kfädj.k dh j.kuhfr;k¡ Hkh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSAÞ 33 dsjy esa] ICDS dsaæ dk csgrj HkkSfrd <k¡pk] çf'kf{kr vkSj fu;fer osru ikus okyh dk;ZdrkZ rFkk iapk;r Lrj ij lfØ; fuxjkuh us ;kstuk dh çHkko'khyrk esa o`f) fd;k gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæ dsoy iks"k.k vkSj f'k{kk dk dsaæ ugha gS] ;g efgykvksa ds lkewfgd usr`Ro vkSj lkekftd iwath ds fodkl dk Hkh ekè;e gSA rqyukRed –f"V ls] ÞHkkxyiqj esa dbZ dsaæ vHkh Hkh vkèkkjHkwr lalkèkuksa dh deh vkSj çf'k{k.k dh vi;kZIrrk ls tw> jgk gSAÞ 34 28 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 29  . (2021).     (ICDS)   2020–21. :   ,   30 , . (2019).     ,     :    .      , 19(2), 101–120 31 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 32 , .,  , . (2013).   :     . :    33 , .,  , . . (2011).      :   .     , 46(9), 77–85 34 , . (2017).        .     , 52(23), 85–89 Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 63 rfeyukMq esa ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u esa LFkkuh; Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa vkSj efgyk lfefr;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ;kstuk dh lQyrk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA leqnk; dk çR;{k tqM+ko u dsoy ;kstuk ds ykHk dks lqfuf'pr djrk gS] lkekftd vlekurk vkSj tkfrxr HksnHkko dks Hkh de djus esa enn djrk gSA ÞHkkxyiqj esa bl –f"Vdks.k dk vkaf'kd ikyu ns[kus dks feyk gS] ysfdu lkekftd laLrj.k vkSj ikjaifjd fir`lÙkkRed lajpuk ds dkj.k efgykvksa dh lgHkkfxrk vHkh Hkh lhfer gSAÞ 35 eè; çns'k esa ICDS ds fØ;kUo;u esa fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu dh ç.kkyh dks fMftVy ekè;e vkSj lkekftd vfMV ds ekè;e ls lq–<+ fd;k x;k gS] tks ikjnf'kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh c<+kus dk ,d çHkkoh rjhdk fl) gqvk gSA ÞHkkxyiqj esa fuxjkuh ra= vHkh Hkh ikjaifjd vkSj vkaf'kd gS] ftlls lalkèkuksa dk mfpr mi;ksx vkSj ;kstuk dh tokcnsgh çHkkfor gksrh gSAÞ 36 rqyukRed vè;;u ls ;g Li"V gS, ;kstuk dh lQyrk dsoy ljdkjh uhfr vkSj ctV ij fuHkZj blds fy, LFkkuh; lkekftd lajpuk] leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh] efgykvksa dk l'kfädj.k vkSj çHkkoh fuxjkuh ra= Hkh vfuok;Z gSA Hkkxyiqj esa ;kstuk ds çHkko dks c<+kus ds fy,] vU; jkT;ksa dh uhfr;ksa vkSj çFkkvksa ls lh[k ysuk vko';d gSA vr% lekt'kkL=h; –f"V ls] ;kstuk dk rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k n'kkZrk gS, ;kstuk ds ldkjkRed ifj.kke dsoy lalkèkuksa vkSj ç'kklfud ç;klksa ij gh ugha] lkekftd lgHkkfxrk] lkeqnkf;d leFkZu vkSj ySafxd l'kfädj.k dh O;kid çfØ;k ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA fu"d"kZ ,oa uhfrxr lq>ko vè;;u ds fu"d"kZ ls Li"V gS, ;kstuk Hkkxyiqj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa cPpksa vkSj efgykvksa ds thou esa egRoiw.kZ ldkjkRed cnyko ykus esa lQyre ;kstukvksa esa ,d gSA cky iks"k.k] LokLF; lsokvksa dh miyCèkrk] çkjafHkd f'k{kk vkSj ekrkvksa ds l'kfädj.k esa ;kstuk dk çHkko Li"V :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vkaxuokM+h dsaæ dsoy lsokvksa ds forj.k dk ekè;e ugha gS] ;g Þxzkeh.k lekt esa lkekftd iwath] lgHkkfxrk vkSj lkewfgdrk ds fuekZ.k dk Hkh vkèkkj rS;kj djrk gSAÞ 37 lkekftd –f"V ls ;kstuk us efgykvksa dh fLFkfr esa lqèkkj fd;k gSA vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZ vkSj lgkf;dk u dsoy jkstxkj vkSj lkekftd igpku ikrh gS] os lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro vkSj lkekftd usVodZ dk fgLlk cu jgh gSA Þblls xzkeh.k efgykvksa dh fu.kZ; çfØ;k esa Hkkxhnkjh vkSj muds vkRefo’okl esa o`f) gqbZ gSAÞ 38 orZeku vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij] ;kstuk dks vHkh Hkh dbZ pqukSfr;ksa vkSj lhekvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA lalkèkuksa dh vi;kZIrrk] çf'k{k.k vkSj osru dh deh] lkekftd vlekurk,¡] fuxjkuh dh vi;kZIrrk vkSj ç'kklfud ckèkk,¡ ;kstuk dh çHkko'khyrk ij udkjkRed vlj Mkyrh gSA bl dkj.k ls ÞlHkh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa rd ;kstuk dk leqfpr ykHk çkIr gksuk vHkh Hkh ,d pqukSrh gSAÞ 39 uhfr lq>ko % 1lalkèkuksa dh miyCèkrk c<+kuk% vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa ds Hkou] midj.k vkSj iks"k.k vkgkj dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 2ekuo lalkèku dk lq–<+hdj.k% vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj lgkf;dkvksa dks fu;fer çf'k{k.k] mfpr osru vkSj lkekftd ekU;rk çnku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 3lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk% LFkkuh; Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa vkSj efgyk lfefr;ksa dks vkaxuokM+h dsaæksa esa lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, çksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A 4fuxjkuh vkSj ikjnf'kZrk% fMftVy ekè;eksa vkSj lkekftd vfMV ds }kjk ;kstuk ds fØ;kUo;u dh fuxjkuh vkSj tokcnsgh lqfuf'pr dh tkuh pkfg,A 5lkekftd vlekurkvksa dks nwj djuk% tkfr&vkèkkfjr HksnHkko vkSj ySafxd vlekurkvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, tkx:drk dk;ZØe vkSj laosnu'khyrk çf'k{k.k vko';d gSA 6uohu –f"Vdks.k vkSj vuqlaèkku% ;kstuk dh çHkko'khyrk dk fu;fer lekt'kkL=h; ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlls uhfrxr lqèkkj vkSj LFkkuh; t:jrksa ds vuqlkj ;kstuk esa lqèkkj laHko gksA varr%] ICDS ;kstuk xzkeh.k lekt esa dsoy iks"k.k vkSj LokLF; lqèkkj dk ekè;e ugha gS] ;g efgykvksa ds l'kfädj.k] lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu dh çfØ;k dk Hkh egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gSA ;fn uhfrxr lqèkkj vkSj laLFkkxr etcwrh lqfuf'pr dh tk,] rks ICDS ;kstuk Hkkxyiqj vkSj vU; xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lrr lkekftd fodkl vkSj leku volj lqfuf'pr djus esa vkSj vfèkd çHkkoh lkfcr gks ldrk gSA lanHkZ xzaFk&lwph 1. dchj] ,u¼2001½efgyk l'kfädj.k ds ekiu ij fparufMLdflax foesUl ,EikojesaV% F;ksjh ,aM çSfDVl 35 , . (2001).       .    :    (. 69–88). :   36 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 37 , .,  , . (2013).   :     . :    38 , . (2001).       .    :    (. 69–88). :   39 , . (2019).      ICDS     :   .      , 35(3), 133–150 Journal of Research and Development A Multidisciplinary International Level Referred and Double Blind Peer Reviewed, Open Access ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-11(A)| November2025 64 ¼i`- 69&88½LVdgkse% flMk LVMht+A 2. dqekj] vkj¼2020½ySafxdrk] leqnk; vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu% xzkeh.k fcgkj dk vè;;uiVuk% vkuafndk ifCy'klZA 3. ftyk lkaf[;dh; iqfLrdk¼2022½ftyk lkaf[;dh; iqfLrdk% Hkkxyiqj 2022iVuk% vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;] fcgkj ljdkjA 4. >k] ,l¼2019½xzkeh.k fcgkj esa tkfr] iks"k.k vkSj cky LokLF;% ,d lekt'kkL=h; vè;;ubafM;u tuZy vQ lks'ky MsoyiesaV] 19¼2½] 101&120A 5. nsfodk] ts-] ,oa FkEih] choh¼2011½dsjy esa u;s yksdrkaf=d LFkku% dwMqEcJh igybdksufed ,aM ifyfVdy ohdyh] 46¼9½] 77&85A 6. iVue] vkj¼2000½cksfyax vyksu% vesfjdu leqnk; dk iru vkSj iqu#RFkkuU;w;dZ% lkbeu ,aM 'kqLVjA 7. iVsy] Mh¼2019½Hkkjr ds fiNM+s ftyksa esa ICDS ds fØ;kUo;u dh pqukSfr;k¡% {ks=kèkkfjr vè;;utuZy vQ :jy MsoyiesaV LVMht+] 35¼3½] 133&150A 8. iklZUl] Vh¼1951½n lks'ky flLVeXysadks] bfyu;% Ýh çslA 9. clq] ,e-] ,oa nkl] ,l¼2018½ICDS ds ekè;e ls lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh vkSj efgyk l'kfädj.k% xzkeh.k Hkkjr dk vè;;uubZ fnYyh% lst ifCyds'kUlA 10. fcgkj ljdkj¼2021½- ,dh—r cky fodkl lsok ¼ICDS½ okf"kZd fjiksVZ 2020&21iVuk% lkekftd dY;k.k foHkkx] fcgkj ljdkjA 11. cksl] v¼2017½Hkkjr esa efgyk dk;ZdrkZ vkSj vkaxuokM+h ç.kkyhbdksufed ,aM ifyfVdy ohdyh] 52¼23½] 85&89A 12. Hkkjr dh tux.kuk¼2011½ftyk tux.kuk iqfLrdk% HkkxyiqjubZ fnYyh% Hkkjr ljdkjA 13. jk"Vªh; uewuk loZs{k.k dk;kZy; ¼NSSO½¼2020½fcgkj esa ?kjsyw miHkksx vkSj lkekftd ladsrd% NSS 76oka pØ ¼2018&19½ubZ fnYyh% lkaf[;dh ,oa dk;ZØe fØ;kUo;u ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkjA 14. jk"Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; loZs{k.k ¼NFHS&5½¼2019&2021½jk"Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; loZs{k.k ¼NFHS&5½] 2019&21% fcgkj ,oa Hkkxyiqj ftyk rF;i=- eqacbZ% varjjk"Vªh; tula[;k foKku laLFkku ¼IIPS½ ,oa Hkkjr ljdkj] LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky;A 15. lsu] ,-] ,oa æst+] ts¼2013½vulVZsu Xyksjh% bafM;k ,aM bV~l dUVªkfMD'kUlfçalVu% fçalVu ;wfuoflZVh çslA